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7. Modular Science Kit as a Support Platform for STEM Learning in Primary and Secondary School

Author

Rogosic, Renato, Heidt, Benjamin, Passariello-Jansen, Juliette, Björnör, Saga, Bonni, Silvio, Dimech, David, Arreguin-Campos, Rocio, Lowdon, Joseph, Jiménez Monroy, Kathia L., Caldara, Manlio, Eersels, Kasper, van Grinsven, Bart, Cleij, Thomas J., and Diliën, Hanne

Abstract

The need to develop interest in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) skills in young pupils has driven many educational systems to include STEM as a subject in primary schools. In this work, a science kit aimed at children from 8 to 14 years old is presented as a support platform for an innovative and stimulating approach to STEM learning. The peculiar design of the kit, based on modular components, is aimed to help develop a multitude of skills in the young students, dividing the learning process into two phases. During phase 1 the pupils build the experimental setup and visualize the scientific phenomena, while in phase 2, they are introduced and challenged to understand the principles on which these phenomena are based, guided by a handbook. This approach aims at making the experience more inclusive, stimulating the interest and passion of the pupils for scientific subjects.

Published
2021
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10. Electrochemical Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Molecule (S)-N-Butyryl Homoserine Lactone Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

Author

Frigoli, Margaux, Lowdon, Joseph W, Donetti, Nicolas, Crapnell, Robert D, Banks, Craig E, Cleij, Thomas J, Diliën, Hanne, Eersels, Kasper, van Grinsven, Bart, Frigoli, Margaux, Lowdon, Joseph W, Donetti, Nicolas, Crapnell, Robert D, Banks, Craig E, Cleij, Thomas J, Diliën, Hanne, Eersels, Kasper, and van Grinsven, Bart

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium that poses a significant threat to public health, necessitating rapid and on-site detection methods for rapid recognition. The goal of the project is therefore to indirectly detect the presence of P. aeruginosa in environmental water samples targeting one of its quorum-sensing molecules, namely, (S)-N-butyryl homoserine lactone (BHL). To this aim, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized via bulk free-radical polymerization using BHL as a template molecule. The obtained MIP particles were immobilized onto screen-printed electrodes (MIP-SPEs), and the BHL rebinding was analyzed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). To study the specificity of the synthesized MIPs, isotherm curves were built after on-point rebinding analysis performed via LC–MS measurements for both MIPs and NIPs (nonimprinted polymers, used as a negative control), obtaining an imprinting factor (IF) of 2.8 (at Cf = 0.4 mM). The MIP-SPEs were integrated into an electrochemical biosensor with a linear range of 1 × 101–1 × 103 nM and a limit of detection (LoD) of 31.78 ± 4.08 nM. Selectivity measurements were also performed after choosing specific interferent molecules, such as structural analogs and potential interferents, followed by on-point analysis performed in spiked tap water to prove the sensor’s potential to detect the presence of the quorum-sensing molecule in environmentally related real-life samples.

Published
2024

11. Electrochemical Sensors for Antibiotic Detection: A Focused Review with a Brief Overview of Commercial Technologies.

Author

Frigoli, Margaux, Krupa, Mikolaj P., Hooyberghs, Geert, Lowdon, Joseph W., Cleij, Thomas J., Diliën, Hanne, Eersels, Kasper, and van Grinsven, Bart

Subjects
ANTIBIOTIC residues, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, DRUG resistance in bacteria, ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors, BIOSENSORS, IMPRINTED polymers, LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry
Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health, powered by pathogens that become increasingly proficient at withstanding antibiotic treatments. This review introduces the factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), highlighting the presence of antibiotics in different environmental and biological matrices as a significant contributor to the resistance. It emphasizes the urgent need for robust and effective detection methods to identify these substances and mitigate their impact on AMR. Traditional techniques, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and immunoassays, are discussed alongside their limitations. The review underscores the emerging role of biosensors as promising alternatives for antibiotic detection, with a particular focus on electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, the manuscript extensively explores the principles and various types of electrochemical biosensors, elucidating their advantages, including high sensitivity, rapid response, and potential for point-of-care applications. Moreover, the manuscript investigates recent advances in materials used to fabricate electrochemical platforms for antibiotic detection, such as aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers, highlighting their role in enhancing sensor performance and selectivity. This review culminates with an evaluation and summary of commercially available and spin-off sensors for antibiotic detection, emphasizing their versatility and portability. By explaining the landscape, role, and future outlook of electrochemical biosensors in antibiotic detection, this review provides insights into the ongoing efforts to combat the escalating threat of AMR effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Still in Search for an EAAT Activator: GT949 Does Not Activate EAAT2, nor EAAT3 in Impedance and Radioligand Uptake Assays

Author

van Veggel, Lieve, primary, Mocking, Tamara A.M., additional, Sijben, Hubert J., additional, Liu, Rongfang, additional, Gorostiola González, Marina, additional, Dilweg, Majlen A., additional, Royakkers, Jeroen, additional, Li, Anna, additional, Kumar, Vijay, additional, Dong, Yin Yao, additional, Bullock, Alex, additional, Sauer, David B., additional, Diliën, Hanne, additional, van Westen, Gerard J.P., additional, Schreiber, Rudy, additional, Heitman, Laura H., additional, and Vanmierlo, Tim, additional

Published
2024
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18. Dipstick Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer‐Coated Screen‐Printed Electrodes for the Single‐Shot Detection of Glucose in Urine Samples—From Fundamental Study toward Point‐of‐Care Application

Author

Caldara, Manlio, primary, Lowdon, Joseph W., additional, van Wissen, Gil, additional, Ferrari, Alejandro Garcia‐Miranda, additional, Crapnell, Robert D., additional, Cleij, Thomas J., additional, Diliën, Hanne, additional, Banks, Craig E., additional, Eersels, Kasper, additional, and van Grinsven, Bart, additional

Published
2023
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19. Dipstick sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer-coated screen-printed electrodes for the single-shot detection of glucose in urine samples—from fundamental study toward point-of-care application

Author

Caldara, Manlio, Lowdon, Joseph W, van Wissen, Gil, Ferrari, Alejandro Garcia-Miranda, Crapnell, Robert D, Cleij, Thomas J, Diliën, Hanne, Banks, Craig E, Eersels, Kasper, van Grinsven, Bart, Caldara, Manlio, Lowdon, Joseph W, van Wissen, Gil, Ferrari, Alejandro Garcia-Miranda, Crapnell, Robert D, Cleij, Thomas J, Diliën, Hanne, Banks, Craig E, Eersels, Kasper, and van Grinsven, Bart

Abstract

Glucose biosensors play an extremely important role in health care systems worldwide. Therefore, the field continues to attract significant attention leading to the development of innovative technologies. Due to their characteristics, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) represent a promising alternative to commercial enzymatic sensors. In this work, a low-cost, flexible MIP-based platform for glucose sensing by integrating MIP particles directly into screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) is realized. The sensor design allows the detection of glucose via two different transducer principles, the so-called “heat-transfer method” (HTM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor are demonstrated by comparing the responses obtained toward three different saccharides. Furthermore, the application potential of the MIP-SPE sensor is demonstrated by analyzing the response in urine samples, showing a linear range of 14.38–330 µm with HTM and 1.37–330 µm with EIS. To bring the sensor closer to a real life application, a handheld dipstick sensor is developed, allowing the single-shot detection of glucose in urine using EIS. This study illustrates that the simplicity of the dipstick readout coupled with the straightforward manufacturing process opens up the possibility for mass production, making this platform a very attractive alternative to commercial glucose sensors.

Published
2023

33. Thermal Detection of Glucose in Urine Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as a Recognition Element

Author

Caldara, Manlio, Caldara, Manlio, Lowdon, Joseph W, Rogosic, Renato, Arreguin-Campos, Rocio, Jimenez-Monroy, Kathia L, Heidt, Benjamin, Tschulik, Kristina, Cleij, Thomas J, Diliën, Hanne, Eersels, Kasper, van Grinsven, Bart, Caldara, Manlio, Caldara, Manlio, Lowdon, Joseph W, Rogosic, Renato, Arreguin-Campos, Rocio, Jimenez-Monroy, Kathia L, Heidt, Benjamin, Tschulik, Kristina, Cleij, Thomas J, Diliën, Hanne, Eersels, Kasper, and van Grinsven, Bart

Abstract

Glucose bio-sensing technologies have received increasing attention in the last few decades, primarily due to the fundamental role that glucose metabolism plays in diseases (e.g., diabetes). Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) could offer an alternative means of analysis to a field that is traditionally dominated by enzyme-based devices, posing superior chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of fabrication. Their integration into sensing devices as recognition elements has been extensively studied with different readout methods such as quartz-crystal microbalance or impedance spectroscopy. In this work, a dummy imprinting approach is introduced, describing the synthesis and optimization of a MIP toward the sensing of glucose. Integration of this polymer into a thermally conductive receptor layer was achieved by micro-contact deposition. In essence, the MIP particles are pressed into a polyvinyl chloride adhesive layer using a polydimethylsiloxane stamp. The prepared layer is then evaluated with the so-called heat-transfer method, allowing the determination of the specificity and the sensitivity of the receptor layer. Furthermore, the selectivity was assessed by analyzing the thermal response after infusion with increasing concentrations of different saccharide analogues in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The obtained results show a linear range of the sensor of 0.0194-0.3300 mM for the detection of glucose in PBS. Finally, a potential application of the sensor was demonstrated by exposing the receptor layer to increasing concentrations of glucose in human urine samples, demonstrating a linear range of 0.0444-0.3300 mM. The results obtained in this paper highlight the applicability of the sensor both in terms of non-invasive glucose monitoring and for the analysis of food samples.

Published
2021

38. Rapid Colorimetric Screening of Elevated Phosphate in Urine: A Charge-Transfer Interaction

Author

Lowdon, Joseph W, Lowdon, Joseph W, Ishikura, Hikaru, Radchenko, Ash, Arreguin-Campos, Rocio, Rogosic, Renato, Heidt, Benjamin, Jimenez Monroy, Kathia, Peeters, Marloes, Diliën, Hanne, Eersels, Kasper, Cleij, Thomas J, van Grinsven, Bart, Lowdon, Joseph W, Lowdon, Joseph W, Ishikura, Hikaru, Radchenko, Ash, Arreguin-Campos, Rocio, Rogosic, Renato, Heidt, Benjamin, Jimenez Monroy, Kathia, Peeters, Marloes, Diliën, Hanne, Eersels, Kasper, Cleij, Thomas J, and van Grinsven, Bart

Abstract

A charge-transfer (CT) interaction between 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4-dimethylbenzene (TNX) and anionic phosphate is evaluated, yielding a high band electronic transfer interaction that can be observed as a distinct color change when phosphate is present in solution. The induced interaction was studied using 1H NMR, UV-visible, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. The stoichiometric determination of the interaction was divined by means of continuous variation, applying the Schaeppi-Treadwell method to calculate the binding constant (k). Furthermore, the effect of the polarity of solvents toward the generation of the CT interaction was examined, with multiple solvents considered. Complex deconstruction studies were undertaken, examining the effects of water on complex destruction and understanding the volumes needed to hinder the CT interaction potency. Specificity and selectivity of the CT interaction were also studied against other biologically relevant species (CH3CH2OH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, F-, CH3COO-, and SO42-), assessing the capabilities of the assay to differentiate anionic species and counter cations that could act as interferences. The role of TNX concentration in CT formation was also analyzed, aiming to optimize the phosphate-sensing assay and improve its limit of detection. The sensing platform was subsequently used to study phosphate concentrations in urine samples to further understand its potential application in biomedical research. To validate the developed technique, urine samples were analyzed for their phosphate content with both the developed sensor and a validated vanadate-molybdate reagent. The results indicate that the sensing method is capable of accurately reporting elevated phosphate levels in urine samples in a rapid and sensitive manner, illustrating that the colorimetric test could be used as a prescreening test for conditions such as hyperphosphatemia or chronic kidney disease.

Published
2020

41. Contributors

Author

Akbari-Adergani, Behrouz, primary, Antuña-Jiménez, Daniel, additional, Blanco-López, M. Carmen, additional, Cao, Shunsheng, additional, Chen, Juanrong, additional, Chianella, Iva, additional, Cleij, Thomas J., additional, Díaz-Díaz, Goretti, additional, Dickert, Franz L., additional, Diliën, Hanne, additional, Horemans, Frederik, additional, Iqbal, Naseer, additional, Javanbakht, Mehran, additional, Kaniewska, Marzena, additional, Karras, Konstantinos, additional, Lakshmi, Dhana, additional, Li, Jianping, additional, Lieberzeit, Peter A, additional, Liu, Yibin, additional, Lobo-Castañón, M. Jesús, additional, Long, Fang, additional, Marson, Silvia, additional, Meng, Zi-Hui, additional, Miranda-Ordieres, Arturo J., additional, Mujahid, Adnan, additional, Nagaoka, Tsutomu, additional, Piletsky, Sergey, additional, Piletsky, Stas, additional, Sheng, Weicheng, additional, Shiigi, Hiroshi, additional, Tan, Jin, additional, Tokonami, Shiho, additional, Trojanowicz, Marek, additional, Tuñón-Blanco, Paulino, additional, Wagner, Patrick, additional, Wang, Shanshan, additional, Wei, Ge, additional, Whitcombe, Michael J., additional, Wu, Weiwei, additional, Yan, Xiu-Ping, additional, Zhang, Yun, additional, Zhao, Zhiyuan, additional, Zhao, Meiping, additional, Zhao, Dongqin, additional, and Zhu, Xiaocui, additional

Published
2012
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42. Modular Science Kit as a support platform for STEM learning in primary and secondary school

Author

Rogosic, Renato, primary, Heidt, Benjamin, additional, Passariello-Jansen, Juliette, additional, Björnör, Saga, additional, Bonni, Silvio, additional, Dimech, David, additional, Arreguin-Campos, Rocio, additional, Lowdon, Joseph, additional, Jiménez Monroy, Kathia L., additional, Caldara, Manlio, additional, Eersels, Kasper, additional, van Grinsven, Bart, additional, Cleij, Thomas J., additional, and Diliën, Hanne, additional

Published
2020
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45. Rapid Colorimetric Screening of Elevated Phosphate in Urine: A Charge-Transfer Interaction

Author

Lowdon, Joseph W., primary, Ishikura, Hikaru, additional, Radchenko, Ash, additional, Arreguin-Campos, Rocio, additional, Rogosic, Renato, additional, Heidt, Benjamin, additional, Jimenez Monroy, Kathia, additional, Peeters, Marloes, additional, Diliën, Hanne, additional, Eersels, Kasper, additional, Cleij, Thomas J., additional, and van Grinsven, Bart, additional

Published
2020
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46. The Liberalization of Microfluidics: Form 2 Benchtop 3D Printing as an Affordable Alternative to Established Manufacturing Methods

Author

Heidt, Benjamin, primary, Rogosic, Renato, additional, Bonni, Silvio, additional, Passariello-Jansen, Juliette, additional, Dimech, David, additional, Lowdon, Joseph W., additional, Arreguin-Campos, Rocio, additional, Steen Redeker, Erik, additional, Eersels, Kasper, additional, Diliën, Hanne, additional, van Grinsven, Bart, additional, and Cleij, Thomas J., additional

Published
2020
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