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Abstract: The n-type GaN film was grown on sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). Mn+ ions of 75keV with the fluence of 8×1017/cm2 were implanted in the GaN at 350°C. The implanted sample was annealed at 850°C to recrystallize the sample and to remove implantation damage. We investigated the structural and magnetic properties of Mn+ ion-implanted GaN by using Rutherford back-scattering (RBS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). RBS results showed the Mn+ ions were concentrated near the surface. HRTEM results showed nano-clusters structure in the sample. The temperature dependence of magnetization taken in zero-field-cooling and field-cooling conditions with the block temperature was 267K and hysteresis loops which exhibited a transformation from ferromagnetism to superparamagnetism showed the features of magnetic nano-clusters system. And it could be explained the magnetic property of this film originated from Mn-rich clusters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A 290nm Mg0.28Zn0.72O layer was grown by radio frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on a sapphire (0001) substrate using a 910nm thick ZnO intermediate layer. The Mg composition, which cannot be unambiguously determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), was determined by Rutherford backscattering (RBS). The perpendicular and parallel elastic strain of the Mg0.28Zn0.72O layer, e ⊥ =−0.10% and e ∥ =0.15%, respectively, were derived using a combination of XRD and RBS/channeling. The ratio ∣e ⊥/e ∥∣=0.67 indicates that the Mg0.28Zn0.72O layer is a little stiffer along the c axis than along the a axis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms used during signal transduction by M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM3) in prostate cancer. The microarray datasets of GSE3325, including 5 clinically localized primary prostate cancers and 4 benign prostate tissues, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in primary prostate cancer tissues compared with benign controls were screened using the Limma package. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Next, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with DEGs were predicted and miRNA-target DEG analysis was performed using a Web-based Gene Set Analysis Toolkit. Finally, the PPI network and the miRNA-target DEG network were integrated using Cytoscape. In total, 224 DEGs were screened in the prostate cancer tissues, including 113 upregulated and 111 downregulated genes. CHRM3 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were enriched in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. EGF and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (Myc) were enriched in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. EGF with the highest degree of connectivity was the hub node in the PPI network, and miR-34b could interact with Myc directly in the miRNA-target DEG network. EGF and Myc may exhibit significant roles in the progression of prostate cancer via regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the MAPK signaling pathway. CHRM3 may activate these two pathways in prostate cancer progression. Thus, these two key factors and pathways may be crucial mechanisms during signal transduction by CHRM3 in prostate cancer.