834 results on '"Dipetalonema"'
Search Results
2. Multi-locus sequence analysis unveils a novel genus of filarial nematodes associated with ticks in French Guiana
- Author
-
Bruley Marjorie and Duron Olivier
- Subjects
filarial nematodes ,dipetalonema ,tick ,french guiana ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Filarial nematodes of the Dipetalonema lineage include tick-borne filarioids that infect both domestic and wild vertebrate hosts, but they remain understudied in many cases. In this study, we conducted a molecular characterization of a Dipetalonema-like filarioid (DLF) recently identified in two tick species in French Guiana, South America. While the cox1 mitochondrial gene was the sole marker initially sequenced for describing DLF, its classification and phylogenetic relationship with other members of the Dipetalonema lineage were unclear. Therefore, we better characterized DLF through the sequencing of six additional gene markers and conducted phylogenetic analyses. Based on this multi-locus typing scheme, DLF exhibited significant divergence from known genera and species of filarioids, or other sequences available in public databases, suggesting its potential classification as a novel genus within the Dipetalonema lineage. Phylogenetic analyses further unveiled a close evolutionary relationship between DLF and all other filarioids associated with Acari (ticks and mites) within a robust monophyletic subclade in the Dipetalonema lineage. Overall, these findings confirm the existence of a specialized, Acari-borne group of filarioids and underscore the need for comprehensive investigations into their epidemiology and potential impact on animal health.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Molecular detection of Cercopithifilaria, Cruorifilaria and Dipetalonema-like filarial nematodes in ticks of French Guiana.
- Author
-
Binetruy, Florian and Duron, Olivier
- Abstract
Copyright of Parasite (1252607X) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Molecular characterization of Dipetalonema yatesi from the black-faced spider monkey (Ateles chamek) with phylogenetic inference of relationships among Dipetalonema of Neotropical primates
- Author
-
Daniel A. Zárate-Rendón, Michelle N. Salazar-Espinoza, Stefano Catalano, Caroline Sobotyk, Ana Patricia Mendoza, Marieke Rosenbaum, and Guilherme Verocai
- Subjects
Dipetalonema ,Filariosis ,Filarioidea ,Neotropics ,Onchocercidae ,Peruvian amazon ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Species of the genus Dipetalonema are parasitic nematodes of the family Onchocercidae (Nematoda; Filarioidea) which infect the peritoneal cavity of Neotropical primates. Of these, six species have been taxonomically described, two of these have been reported infecting the black-faced spider monkey (Ateles chamek): Dipetalonema gracile and Dipetalonema yatesi. Description of Dipetalonema species have been based on morphological characteristics, and their phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved. A few molecular studies have been carried out in Dipetalonema spp. infecting Neotropical primates. Seven filarioid nematodes (6 females and one male) recovered from one A. chamek in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest were morphologically identified as D. yatesi and molecularly characterized. A multi-locus genetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal region (18S) and mitochondrial (cox1, 12S, and nad5) gene sequences supported D. yatesi as a distinct lineage and yielded a highly resolved phylogenetic lineage tree for this filarioid genus of Neotropical primates. Our results highlighted that Dipetalonema species are divided in two well-supported clades, one containing D. yatesi and D. caudispina, and the second containing D. robini, D. gracile, and D. graciliformis. Due to sequence ambiguities from GenBank entries, relationships among isolates of D. gracile and D. graciliformis cannot be fully resolved, which requires further investigation. However, this suggests that these could represent a species complex. Our study confirms that D. yatesi is a valid species and constitutes the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of this parasite in black-faced spider monkeys.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. "Spider Monkey Cotton": Bridging Waiwai and Scientific Ontologies to Characterize Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus) Filariasis in the Konashen Community Owned Conservation Area, Guyana.
- Author
-
Shaffer, Christopher A., Milstein, Marissa S., Lindsey, Laramie L., Wolf, Tiffany M., Suse, Philip, Marawanaru, Elisha, Kipp, Evan J., Garwood, Tyler, Travis, Dominic A., Terio, Karen A., and Larsen, Peter A.
- Subjects
- *
PROTECTED areas , *FILARIASIS , *MONKEYS , *MOLECULAR phylogeny , *SCIENTIFIC knowledge - Abstract
Zoonotic disease risk is greatly influenced by cultural practices and belief systems. Yet, few studies have investigated how different ways of knowing are commensurate with one another in the context of zoonotic disease. By stressing methodological pluralism and explicitly challenging the nature-culture dichotomy, an ethnoprimatological approach is particularly well suited to bridging different ontologies for understanding zoonotic transmission. We seek to integrate molecular phylogenetics, histopathology, and ethnography to characterize a filarial nematode found within the abdominal cavity of spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus). The filarid is recognized as "spider monkey cotton" by Indigenous Waiwai in the Konashen Community Owned Conservation Area, Guyana. Ethnographic data revealed that the Waiwai perceive of "spider monkey cotton" as a normal characteristic within the "spider monkey person." Furthermore, the Waiwai indicated that "cotton" was ubiquitous with spider monkeys and is not understood to be infectious nor zoonotic. This distinction is in contrast to other internal parasites found within spider monkeys that the Waiwai believe cause disease in both monkeys and humans. Our morphological and molecular characterization support the classification of the filarid as Dipetalonema caudispina, a minimally studied, nonzoonotic parasite. While this identification contrasts with Waiwai understanding of the filarid as a component of the spider monkey itself, the ubiquity of the filarid in spider monkeys in the region and its nonzoonotic nature suggest scientific knowledge and Waiwai ontology are commensurate. More broadly, this work highlights the importance of integrating multiple knowledge systems and leveraging advanced genomics to better understand and prevent emerging zoonotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Molecular characterization of Dipetalonema yatesi from the black-faced spider monkey (Ateles chamek) with phylogenetic inference of relationships among Dipetalonema of Neotropical primates.
- Author
-
Zárate-Rendón, Daniel A., Salazar-Espinoza, Michelle N., Catalano, Stefano, Sobotyk, Caroline, Mendoza, Ana Patricia, Rosenbaum, Marieke, and Verocai, Guilherme
- Abstract
Species of the genus Dipetalonema are parasitic nematodes of the family Onchocercidae (Nematoda; Filarioidea) which infect the peritoneal cavity of Neotropical primates. Of these, six species have been taxonomically described, two of these have been reported infecting the black-faced spider monkey (Ateles chamek): Dipetalonema gracile and Dipetalonema yatesi. Description of Dipetalonema species have been based on morphological characteristics, and their phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved. A few molecular studies have been carried out in Dipetalonema spp. infecting Neotropical primates. Seven filarioid nematodes (6 females and one male) recovered from one A. chamek in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest were morphologically identified as D. yatesi and molecularly characterized. A multi-locus genetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal region (18S) and mitochondrial (cox1 , 12S, and nad5) gene sequences supported D. yatesi as a distinct lineage and yielded a highly resolved phylogenetic lineage tree for this filarioid genus of Neotropical primates. Our results highlighted that Dipetalonema species are divided in two well-supported clades, one containing D. yatesi and D. caudispina , and the second containing D. robini , D. gracile, and D. graciliformis. Due to sequence ambiguities from GenBank entries, relationships among isolates of D. gracile and D. graciliformis cannot be fully resolved, which requires further investigation. However, this suggests that these could represent a species complex. Our study confirms that D. yatesi is a valid species and constitutes the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of this parasite in black-faced spider monkeys. [Display omitted] • Dipetalonema yatesi from the black-faced spider monkey (Ateles chamek) in Peru. • Characterization of D. yatesi nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial gene sequences. • Phylogenetic inference of relationships among Dipetalonema species. • Dipetalonema yatesi and D. caudispina form a well-supported clade. • Relationships among D. gracile and D. graciliformis isolates are not fully resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. False positive antigen test for Dirofilaria immitis after heat treatment of the blood sample in a microfilaremic dog infected with Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides
- Author
-
Viktor Szatmári, Martin Willem van Leeuwen, Christine Jantine Piek, and Luigi Venco
- Subjects
Acanthocheilonema ,Cross reactivity ,Dipetalonema ,Helminth ,Hepatozoon ,Moxidectin ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Dirofilaria immitis is responsible for heartworm disease in dogs in endemic areas worldwide. Screening for this infection is done by blood tests. Antigen testing is the most sensitive method to detect an infection with adult (female) worms. Microscopic examination of a blood smear or Knott’s test can be used to detect circulating microfilariae, the infective larvae. To increase the sensitivity of the antigen test by decreasing the false negative test results, heating of the blood sample has been recommended in recent guidelines. Heating is believed to remove blocking immune-complexes. Circulating microfilariae are not specific findings for heartworm infection, as other nematodes (among others, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides) can also result in microfilaremia. Although the type of microfilariae cannot be determined by microscopy alone, real-time PCR can reliably identify the infecting nematode species. Correct identification of the parasite is of major importance, as an infection with D. immitis requires antiparasitic therapy, whereas A. dracunculoides is thought to be a clinically irrelevant coincidental finding. The present case report describes a microfilaremic dog where the initial antigen test for D. immitis turned positive after heat treatment, whereas real-time PCR revealed that the microfilariae were A. dracunculoides (syn. Dipetalonema dracunculoides). Results A circa 5-year old, asymptomatic Spanish mastiff dog was referred for heartworm therapy because microfilariae were found via a screening blood test. The dog was recently imported to the Netherlands from Spain, where it had been a stray dog. Antigen tests on a plasma sample for D. immitis were performed with three different test kits, which all turned out to be negative. However, heat treatment of two of these samples were carried out and both of them led to a positive antigen test result. Real-time PCR showed that the circulating microfilariae belonged to A. dracunculoides species. Three administrations of moxidectin spot-on at monthly intervals resulted in a negative antigen and a negative Knott’s tests one month after the last treatment. Conclusions We conclude that heat treatment of initially negative blood samples for D. immitis could lead to false positive antigen test results if the dog is infected with A. dracunculoides.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. False positive antigen test for Dirofilaria immitis after heat treatment of the blood sample in a microfilaremic dog infected with Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides.
- Author
-
Szatmári, Viktor, van Leeuwen, Martin Willem, Piek, Christine Jantine, and Venco, Luigi
- Subjects
- *
DIROFILARIA immitis , *CANINE heartworm disease , *HEAT treatment , *BLOOD sampling , *BLOOD testing , *FERAL dogs - Abstract
Background: Dirofilaria immitis is responsible for heartworm disease in dogs in endemic areas worldwide. Screening for this infection is done by blood tests. Antigen testing is the most sensitive method to detect an infection with adult (female) worms. Microscopic examination of a blood smear or Knott's test can be used to detect circulating microfilariae, the infective larvae. To increase the sensitivity of the antigen test by decreasing the false negative test results, heating of the blood sample has been recommended in recent guidelines. Heating is believed to remove blocking immune-complexes. Circulating microfilariae are not specific findings for heartworm infection, as other nematodes (among others, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides) can also result in microfilaremia. Although the type of microfilariae cannot be determined by microscopy alone, real-time PCR can reliably identify the infecting nematode species. Correct identification of the parasite is of major importance, as an infection with D. immitis requires antiparasitic therapy, whereas A. dracunculoides is thought to be a clinically irrelevant coincidental finding. The present case report describes a microfilaremic dog where the initial antigen test for D. immitis turned positive after heat treatment, whereas real-time PCR revealed that the microfilariae were A. dracunculoides (syn. Dipetalonema dracunculoides). Results: A circa 5-year old, asymptomatic Spanish mastiff dog was referred for heartworm therapy because microfilariae were found via a screening blood test. The dog was recently imported to the Netherlands from Spain, where it had been a stray dog. Antigen tests on a plasma sample for D. immitis were performed with three different test kits, which all turned out to be negative. However, heat treatment of two of these samples were carried out and both of them led to a positive antigen test result. Real-time PCR showed that the circulating microfilariae belonged to A. dracunculoides species. Three administrations of moxidectin spot-on at monthly intervals resulted in a negative antigen and a negative Knott's tests one month after the last treatment. Conclusions: We conclude that heat treatment of initially negative blood samples for D. immitis could lead to false positive antigen test results if the dog is infected with A. dracunculoides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Camel filariasis (Dipetalonema evansi) and its association with clinical balanoposthitis with reference to prominent changes in clinical findings, serum testosterone, semen analysis, and testicular histopathology.
- Author
-
Khalphallah A, Al-Daek T, Abdelhamid M, Elmeligy E, El-Hawari SF, Khesruf KA, Nasr HA, and Mohamed RH
- Subjects
- Male, Animals, Camelus, Semen, Hydrocortisone, Semen Analysis veterinary, Testosterone, Dipetalonema, Filariasis veterinary, Nematode Infections veterinary
- Abstract
Background: Camel filariasis induced variable clinical syndromes characterized by fever, lethargy, localized dermal lesions, loss of condition, and testicular and scrotal swelling. The objective of the present work focused on clarifying the diagnostic importance of clinical findings, serum testosterone, and semen analysis as well as blood smear and testicular histopathology as a differential tool between only balanoposthitis without filariasis male camels group (OnlyBp
gr ) and balanoposthitis-filariasis infected male camels group (BpFlgr ). The study also monitored the associations between the severity of ticks' infestations in investigated male camels and the occurrence of balanoposthitis only or balanoposthitis with filariasis., Results and Conclusions: The study reported significant correlation between serum testosterone, serum cortisol, and sperm vitality and abnormalities percentages. The study included male camels (n = 250) classified into three groups: healthy control group (Contgr ; n = 30), OnlyBpgr (n = 210), and BpFlgr (n = 10). These male camels were clinically and laboratory examined, and skin scraping tests and testicular histopathology were conducted. The study confirmed the association of the changes in clinical findings, whole blood picture, serum testosterone, serum cortisol, and semen analysis, with OnlyBpgr and BpFlgr . These changes were more prominent in BpFlgr than in OnlyBpgr . Skin scraping test results revealed a higher severity of live ticks' infestation in BpFlgr than in OnlyBpgr because, unlike OnlyBpgr , all camels in BpFlgr (n = 10) were suffering from live ticks' infestation. It also concluded the higher efficacy of histopathology of testicular tissues in male camels as a diagnostic tool for adult filaria in balanoposthitis-affected male camels than blood smear because all cases of camel filariasis in the current work were negative for microfilaria on microscopic examination of diurnal blood smear as well as testicular histopathology revealed detection of adult filaria in all camel filariasis associated with balanoposthitis. Strong correlation relationships were demonstrated between serum testosterone, serum cortisol, and semen analysis results. Positive correlations were reported between serum testosterone levels and sperm vitality percentages. However, negative correlations were stated between serum testosterone and each of serum cortisol and sperm abnormalities either in Contgr , OnlyBpgr, or BpFlgr ., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. [Role of the ES-62 protein derived from
- Author
-
Q, Hu, J Y, Xing, P, Wu, T T, Huang, and X D, Yang
- Subjects
Phosphorylcholine ,Animals ,Acanthocheilonema ,Helminth Proteins ,Dipetalonema ,Glycoproteins - Abstract
ES-62 is a phosphorylcholine-containing, 62 kDa glycoprotein derived from the excretory-secretory product of
- Published
- 2022
11. Phylogenetic characterization of Setaria equina and its association with other filarids
- Author
-
Anjali Devi, Daya Shanker, and Vikrant Sudan
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,Setaria ,Sequence analysis ,Setaria Nematode ,Zoology ,Biology ,Homology (biology) ,Electron Transport Complex IV ,Monophyly ,parasitic diseases ,Animals ,Humans ,Clade ,Filarioidea ,Phylogeny ,General Veterinary ,Phylogenetic tree ,Genetic Variation ,Helminth Proteins ,General Medicine ,Dipetalonema ,biology.organism_classification ,Filariasis ,Infectious Diseases ,Sister group ,Insect Science ,Parasitology - Abstract
Molecular characterization studies on Setaria equina are limited. The present study aimed to characterize S. equina at the cytochrome c oxidase gene and to examine its phylogenetic relationships with other filarid species. Sequence analysis showed 100% nucleotide homology with an S. equina sequence from Italy (AJ544873). However, both sequences exhibited 7 nucleotide substitutions from a S. equina donkey isolate from Egypt (MK541847). Overall, S. equina formed a monophyletic sister group to Setaria tundra. All Setaria spp. examined formed a separate group on the phylogenetic tree that was related to corresponding Onchocerca spp. and Dirofilaria spp. clades. Human filarid worms-Brugia spp. and Wuchereria spp. grouped in a separate clade alongside Theilezia spp. Dipetalonema spp.-formed a separate group at the top of the tree.
- Published
- 2020
12. In vivo sectional imaging of the retinal periphery using conventional optical coherence tomography systems
- Author
-
Abhishek Kothari, V Narendran, and V R Saravanan
- Subjects
Plateau iris ,primary angle closure glaucoma ,prevalence ,Enucleation ,India ,indications ,trends ,Closure glaucoma ,primary angle ,scanning electron microscopy ,trabecular ,Apoptosis ,caspase-3/7 ,cigarette smoke toxicant ,hydroquinone ,Blepharophimosis ,cosmetic ,functional ,single stage ,Refractive error ,rural area ,school children ,use of spectacles ,Bietti′s crystalline dystrophy ,choroidal neovascular membrane ,ranibizumab ,Blepharoptosis ,epidermal cyst ,excision ,eyelid ,AcrySof SN60T9 ,cataract ,phacoemulsification ,post-keratoplasty astigmatism ,toric intraocular lens ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,optic neuritis ,sphenoid sinus mucocele ,visual evoked response ,Cartridge tip ,descemet′s tear ,intraocular Lens ,Allergy ,cyclosporine ,vernal keratoconjunctivitis ,Endophthalmitis ,limbal relaxing incision ,nocardia ,Ivermectin ,lid laceration ,orbital myiasis ,scalp pediculosis ,Conjunctiva ,dipetalonema ,worm ,Bevacizumab ,choroidal neovascularization ,lacquer crack ,osteogenesis imperfecta ,Congenital anterior staphyloma ,glaucoma drainage implant ,keratoprosthesis ,Clinically significant macular edema ,dexamethasone ,implant ,ozurdex ,Choroidal nevus ,in vivo ,lattice degeneration ,optical coherence tomography ,peripheral retinal lesions ,retinoschisis ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has transformed macular disease practices. This report describes the use of conventional OCT systems for peripheral retinal imaging. Thirty-six eyes with peripheral retinal pathology underwent imaging with conventional OCT systems. In vivo sectional imaging of lattice degeneration, snail-track degeneration, and paving-stone degeneration was performed. Differences were noted between phenotypes of lattice degeneration. Several findings previously unreported in histopathology studies were encountered. Certain anatomic features were seen that could conceivably explain clinical and intraoperative behavior of peripheral lesions. Peripheral OCT imaging helped elucidate clinically ambiguous situations such as retinal breaks, subclinical retinal detachment, retinoschisis, choroidal nevus, and metastasis. Limitations of such scanning included end-gaze nystagmus and far peripheral lesions. This first of its kind study demonstrates the feasibility of peripheral retinal OCT imaging and expands the spectrum of indications for which OCT scanning may be clinically useful.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Dipetalonema
- Author
-
Mehlhorn, Heinz and Mehlhorn, Heinz, editor
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The Nematoda Filarioidea: critical analysis linking molecular and traditional approaches
- Author
-
Bain O., Casiraghi M., Martin C., and Uni S.
- Subjects
Filarioidea ,Onchocerca ,Dirofilaria ,Dipetalonema ,Wolbachia ,phylogeny ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
The molecular analysis of the Filarioidea and the endobacteria Wolbachia is no more limited to the agents of human diseases and the diversified sampling permits a synthesis with the morphological and biological results. The validity of the genera with “uncoherent host range”, such as Mansonella, Litomosoides and Cercopithifilaria, is confirmed and, consequently, their evolution by host-switchings. Dirofilaria and Onchocerca, types of two subfamilies, appear more closely related than with other onchocercids. Waltonellinae from anurans and Oswaldofilariinae from reptiles have a basal position. These filariae, and some others also considered primitive, do not harbour Wolbachia. Evidence for transversal transmission of the bacteria and a second acquisition event is given with the supergroup F, identified in Mansonella, in one of the Cercopithifilaria species and in arthropods.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Dermatitis associated with microfilariae (Filarioidea) in 10 dogs
- Author
-
Lewis, Rausch, Duclos, Loeffler, and Hargis
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Erythema ,Dirofilaria immitis ,Dipetalonema ,biology.organism_classification ,Microfilaria ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Dermis ,parasitic diseases ,Acanthocheilonema ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Filarioidea ,Dirofilaria - Abstract
Dermatitis associated with microfilariae of a nematode of the superfamily Filarioidea was diagnosed in 10 dogs from the western United States. Clinically, lesions were single or multiple papules and plaques with alopecia, scarring, erythema, ulceration, or crusting. Eight dogs had lesional pruritus. Microscopically, there was perivascular, periglandular, to interstitial inflammation, with many eosinophils and/or plasma cells, and scarring affecting the dermis and subcutis. Microgranulomas containing microfilaria were seen in six dogs. Microfilariae were noted in microgranulomas or free in the dermis or subcutis, but not in vessels. In one case, an adult female nematode emerged from a biopsy sample that was placed in physiologic saline. Study of this nematode revealed that it was a filarioid of the family Onchocercidae; it was identified as Acanthocheilonema sp. (syn: Dipetalonema). Antigen tests of five dogs were negative for Dirofilaria immitis. The Knott tests and/or filter tests of nine dogs were negative for microfilariae. An indirect fluorescence antibody test of one dog was also negative for D. immitis. One dog was not evaluated for microfilariae.
- Published
- 2021
16. Dipetalonema graciliformis (Freitas, 1964) from the red-handed tamarins ( Saguinus midas , Linnaeus, 1758) in French Guiana
- Author
-
Riccardo Paolo Lia, Younes Laidoudi, David Modrý, Charles-Arnaud de Broucker, Domenico Otranto, Oleg Mediannikov, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Bernard Davoust, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Service de Santé des Armées, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Bu-Ali Sina University, and Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,Biology ,Dipetalonema graciliformis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,parasitic diseases ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,14. Life underwater ,18s rdna ,Cox1 gene ,Clade ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Phylogenetic tree ,Dipetalonema ,Onchocercidae ,biology.organism_classification ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular phylogenetics ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology - Abstract
Six Dipetalonema species have been reported from Neotropical monkeys, Dipetalonema gracile, Dipetalonema graciliformis and Dipetalonema caudispina being the dominant species found in French Guiana primates. Adult filarioids isolated from the abdominal cavity of tamarins (Saguinus midas) in French Guiana were morphologically and molecularly identified as D. graciliformis. Phylogenetic analysis based on DNA and amino acid sequences of the cox1 gene as well as the concatenated sequences of the cox1 and the 18S genes indicated that D. graciliformis belongs to the clade 4 (ONC4) of Onchocercidae. Blast analysis of the 18S rDNA revealed that D. graciliformis in the studied tamarins is conspecific with the filarioid circulating in howler monkeys (Alouatta macconnelli) in French Guiana, previously referred to as unidentified Onchocercidae species.
- Published
- 2021
17. Environmental predictors of filarial infection in Amazonian primates: Ecological factors and primate filarial infection.
- Author
-
Conga, David F., El Bizri, Hani R., González Crespo, Carlos, Gomez-Puerta, Luis A., Ulloa-Urizar, Gabriela M., Pérez-Peña, Pedro E., Bowler, Mark, and Mayor, Pedro
- Subjects
- *
FILARIASIS , *PRIMATES , *NEMATODE infections , *FOOD shortages , *WATER levels , *STREAM restoration - Abstract
• Eight NHP genera have high filariae prevalence and intensity. • Filariae prevalence and intensity varied according to NHP genera. • Environmental variables influence the filariae intensity. • Filariae intensity related to food shortage and water level. Filarial nematode infections are common in primates, but have received little attention in the Neotropics. Epidemiological data on filarial infections in primates are still too sparse to fully understand the complex of this parasitism, especially because of the difficulty in studying the ecology and epidemiology of wild primates.. We describe natural infections by Dipetalonema parasitizing 211 primates belonging to eight free-living primate genera in Amazonia, and assess the relationships between parasitic indicators and climatic (rainfall and river level), ecological (fruiting periods of plants) and biological (sex, species' body mass, group size and density) factors. The overall prevalence was 64.4% (95% CI: 64.0 – 64.9); parasitic mean abundance (N filariae per individual) and parasitic mean intensity (N filariae per infected host) of infection were 11.9 (95% CI: 8.3 – 15.6) and 18.4 (95% CI: 13.4 – 23.4) filariae/individual, respectively. Although we observed differences in parasitic parameters among primate genera, there was no correlation between parasitic parameters with density, body mass or group size. Sapajus, Cebus and Lagothrix had the highest prevalence and parasitic mean intensity. Using Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii , the most sampled species (n = 92), as a model, we found that the number of filariae per infected host was associated with fruit production in swamp forests during the dry season, the time of food scarcity. The long periods of food shortage may cause environmental stress on primates, impairing their immune defenses and leading to increased parasite load but not affecting infection prevalence. However, the lack of information on vector ecology, key to understand risk factors associated to infection rate, prevents confirming the existence of an infection pattern dependent on food availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Dipetalonema evansi ( Lewis, 1882) in camels ( Camelus dromedarius) of Iran.
- Author
-
Sazmand, Alireza, Eigner, Barbara, Mirzaei, Mohammad, Hekmatimoghaddam, Seyedhossein, Harl, Josef, Duscher, Georg, Fuehrer, Hans-Peter, and Joachim, Anja
- Subjects
- *
CAMEL diseases , *DIPETALONEMA , *ANIMAL carcasses , *MICROSCOPY , *GENOMICS , *SEQUENCE analysis , *CYTOCHROME oxidase - Abstract
Despite the economic importance of camels, the parasites that affect them have not received adequate attention so far and molecular studies are scarce compared to other livestock. In this study, we characterized peripheral blood microfilariae in 200 healthy one-humped camels ( Camelus dromedarius) from south-east Iran by microscopy and molecular tools to receive a more detailed insight into prevalence and species that affect them. Moreover, adult specimens of the filarial nematode Dipetalonema evansi were collected from the carcass of an infected animal. Microscopic examination was performed on Giemsa-stained blood smears, and blood was also spotted on Whatman FTA cards for DNA analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted, and PCR was carried out for the detection of filaroid helminths, followed by sequence analysis of positive samples. Four samples were positive for microfilariae by microscopy, while 16 animals (8 %) were positive by PCR. Sequence analysis revealed D. evansi in all cases. Phylogenetic analysis of a cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence of filaroid nematodes showed that most species in a single genus cluster in the same clade; however, D. evansi and D. gracile are not monophyletic and branch rather at the base of the tree. Further studies on the life cycle of D. evansi, specifically the identification of intermediate host(s), have become feasible with the provision of the first specific COI sequences in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Intravitreal bevacizumab for treatment of choroidal neovascularization associated with osteogenesis imperfecta
- Author
-
Pukhraj Rishi, Ekta Rishi, and Anusha Venkatraman
- Subjects
Plateau iris ,primary angle closure glaucoma ,prevalence ,Enucleation ,India ,indications ,trends ,Closure glaucoma ,primary angle ,scanning electron microscopy ,trabecular ,Apoptosis ,caspase-3/7 ,cigarette smoke toxicant ,hydroquinone ,Blepharophimosis ,cosmetic ,functional ,single stage ,Refractive error ,rural area ,school children ,use of spectacles ,Bietti′s crystalline dystrophy ,choroidal neovascular membrane ,ranibizumab ,Blepharoptosis ,epidermal cyst ,excision ,eyelid ,AcrySof SN60T9 ,cataract ,phacoemulsification ,post-keratoplasty astigmatism ,toric intraocular lens ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,optic neuritis ,sphenoid sinus mucocele ,visual evoked response ,Cartridge tip ,descemet′s tear ,intraocular Lens ,Allergy ,cyclosporine ,vernal keratoconjunctivitis ,Endophthalmitis ,limbal relaxing incision ,nocardia ,Ivermectin ,lid laceration ,orbital myiasis ,scalp pediculosis ,Conjunctiva ,dipetalonema ,worm ,Bevacizumab ,choroidal neovascularization ,lacquer crack ,osteogenesis imperfecta ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
A 12-year-old girl, diagnosed of osteogenesis imperfecta, presented with sudden visual loss in the left eye. Investigations revealed an active choroidal neovascular membrane. She underwent treatment with intravitreal Bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 ml). Follow-up at 1 month revealed the development of lacquer crack running through the macula, underlying the fovea. The patient received two re-treatments at 1-month intervals, following which the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) regressed completely. However, further progression of lacquer cracks was noted. At the last follow-up, 6 months following the last injection, the fundus remained stable and vision was maintained at 20/200. Considering the natural history of the disease and the increased risk of rupture of the Bruch′s membrane in such eyes, the possible complication of a lacquer crack developing must be borne in mind, before initiating treatment.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. First report of filarial nematodes in free-living pitheciid primates
- Author
-
Elane Guerreiro Giese, Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos, Pedro Mayor, and David Fernandez Conga
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,Nematoda ,Host (biology) ,Zoology ,Abdominal Cavity ,Thoracic Cavity ,Monachus monachus ,Biology ,Mansonella ,biology.organism_classification ,Onchocercidae ,Dipetalonema ,food ,Species Specificity ,Animal ecology ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Animals ,Parasitology ,Pitheciidae ,Cacajao calvus - Abstract
Although little studied, infections with nematodes of the Onchocercidae Leiper, 1911, predominated by the genera Dipetalonema Diesing, 1861 and Mansonella Faust, 1929, are frequent in wild primates and human populations in the Neotropical forest areas. This study reports natural infections with Dipetalonema freitasi Bain, Diagne & Muller, 1987 and D. gracile (Rudolphi, 1809) in two free-living species of pitheciid primates, extending the known geographical distribution of these species to the forest of the Peruvian Amazon. Adult worms were recovered from the thoracic and abdominal cavities of two species of monkeys, Pithecia monachus monachus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire) and Cacajao calvus ucayalii (Thomas) (Primates: Pitheciidae), collected along the Yavari-Mirin River basin and analysed via light and scanning electron microscopy. Both host species represent new host records for D. freitasi and D. gracile. Morphometric data are also presented for the sampled filarial worms in addition to morphological details obtained through light and electron microscopy examination of D. freitasi specimens.
- Published
- 2019
21. Microscopic and molecular detection of Deraiophoronema evansi (Lewis, 1882) in domestic Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) of Mongolia
- Author
-
Sambuu Gantuya, Boldbaatar Chinchuluun, Janchivsengee Bilegjargal, Gansukh Azjargal, Sukhbaatar Lkhagvatseren, Tserendorj Munkhjargal, Zayat Batsukh, Izabella Rzad, and Shinya Fukumoto
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,endocrine system ,Veterinary medicine ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Camelus ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,030231 tropical medicine ,Pcr assay ,Camelus bactrianus ,Biology ,Dipetalonema ,Electron Transport Complex IV ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dipetalonema Infections ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Microfilariae ,Helminth Proteins ,Mongolia ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Direct smear ,Female - Abstract
Cameline filarosis is an important parasitic disease having an economic impact on the camel industry around the world. However, there has been no study on filarosis in Bactrian camels of Mongolia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect and identify microfilariae of Deraiophoronema evansi (D. evansi) in Bactrian camels from three provinces, located in southern and southwestern Mongolia. Blood samples were obtained from 400 healthy two-humped camels of different ages and both sexes. All blood samples were analysed using a variety of diagnostic techniques. Microfilariae were detected in 30 Bactrian camels (7.5%) by the Knott technique, while 13 Bactrian camels (3.3%) tested positive in a direct smear test. D. evansi was detected in 18 Bactrian camels (4.5%) by PCR assay. Prevalence was shown to be high among Bactrian camels in the age group up to 5 years, while the lowest positive results were obtained for Bactrian camels in the 5–10-year age group and the over 10-year age group. To confirm the morphological identification, D. evansi–COI gene sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analyses. The D. evansi–COI gene sequences from Mongolian two-humped camels were identical to sequences from Iranian one-humped camels and were clustered together with these sequences in the phylogeny. This is the first report of molecular detection and identification of microfilariae of D. evansi in Bactrian camels of Mongolia.
- Published
- 2021
22. False positive antigen test for Dirofilaria immitis after heat treatment of the blood sample in a microfilaremic dog infected with Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides
- Author
-
Martin W. van Leeuwen, Luigi Venco, Viktor Szatmári, and Christine J Piek
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Hot Temperature ,Dirofilaria immitis ,030231 tropical medicine ,Patent ductus arteriosus ,Immunologic Tests ,Hepatozoon ,Dipetalonema ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Moxidectin ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dogs ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigen ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Acanthocheilonema ,Helminth ,Animals ,Blood test ,Helminths ,False Positive Reactions ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Dog Diseases ,Microfilariae ,Nematode ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cross reactivity ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,Parasite ,Blood ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Parasitology ,Antigens, Helminth ,Immunology ,Female ,Dirofilariasis ,Acanthocheilonemiasis ,Tick - Abstract
Background Dirofilaria immitis is responsible for heartworm disease in dogs in endemic areas worldwide. Screening for this infection is done by blood tests. Antigen testing is the most sensitive method to detect an infection with adult (female) worms. Microscopic examination of a blood smear or Knott’s test can be used to detect circulating microfilariae, the infective larvae. To increase the sensitivity of the antigen test by decreasing the false negative test results, heating of the blood sample has been recommended in recent guidelines. Heating is believed to remove blocking immune-complexes. Circulating microfilariae are not specific findings for heartworm infection, as other nematodes (among others, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides) can also result in microfilaremia. Although the type of microfilariae cannot be determined by microscopy alone, real-time PCR can reliably identify the infecting nematode species. Correct identification of the parasite is of major importance, as an infection with D. immitis requires antiparasitic therapy, whereas A. dracunculoides is thought to be a clinically irrelevant coincidental finding. The present case report describes a microfilaremic dog where the initial antigen test for D. immitis turned positive after heat treatment, whereas real-time PCR revealed that the microfilariae were A. dracunculoides (syn. Dipetalonema dracunculoides). Results A circa 5-year old, asymptomatic Spanish mastiff dog was referred for heartworm therapy because microfilariae were found via a screening blood test. The dog was recently imported to the Netherlands from Spain, where it had been a stray dog. Antigen tests on a plasma sample for D. immitis were performed with three different test kits, which all turned out to be negative. However, heat treatment of two of these samples were carried out and both of them led to a positive antigen test result. Real-time PCR showed that the circulating microfilariae belonged to A. dracunculoides species. Three administrations of moxidectin spot-on at monthly intervals resulted in a negative antigen and a negative Knott’s tests one month after the last treatment. Conclusions We conclude that heat treatment of initially negative blood samples for D. immitis could lead to false positive antigen test results if the dog is infected with A. dracunculoides.
- Published
- 2020
23. A high resolution melting real time PCR for mapping of filaria infection in domestic cats living in brugian filariosis-endemic areas.
- Author
-
Wongkamchai, Sirichit, Nochote, Hathai, Foongladda, Suporn, Dekumyoy, Paron, Thammapalo, Suvit, Boitano, John J., and Choochote, Wej
- Subjects
- *
REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *FILARIAL worms , *DOMESTIC animals , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *ZOONOSES , *DIPETALONEMA - Abstract
Abstract: We present here a real time PCR with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis for determining the prevalence and distribution of filarial species in domestic cats residing in brugian filariosis endemic areas of Narathiwat province, Thailand. Filarial species can be clearly distinguished in a single well using a single pair of primers. Blood samples were taken from a total of 2039 domestic cats living in endemic areas. Microfilariae were detected in 5.7% of the sample, while the overall prevalence of filaria infection by HRM analysis was 6.6%. The filariae species found in the infected cats were Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens as well as Acanthocheilonema (Dipetalonema) reconditum. This is the first report of A. reconditum infection from Thailand. The study also observed an overlapping of the distribution areas of animal and human filariae. From a public health perspective, the distribution and prevalence of these nematodes warrant an appropriate drug-based prophylaxis to be administered to cats in the endemic areas to reduce the number of diseased carriers. Furthermore, this molecular approach is more sensitive than microfilariae detection, enables species identification and greatly facilitates the collection of epidemiological data. Thus, the present study may help to bridge human–animal interface by coordinating research outcomes with the control of zoonoses that is vitally important for human and veterinary public health. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Discrimination between six species of canine microfilariae by a single polymerase chain reaction
- Author
-
Rishniw, Mark, Barr, Stephen C., Simpson, Kenny W., Frongillo, Marguerite F., Franz, Marc, and Dominguez Alpizar, Jose Luis
- Subjects
- *
CANINE heartworm disease , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *DNA polymerases , *NUCLEIC acids - Abstract
Abstract: Canine dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria immitis is usually diagnosed by specific antigen testing and/or identification of microfilariae. However, D. immitis and at least six other filariae can produce canine microfilaremias with negative heartworm antigen tests. Discriminating these can be of clinical importance. To resolve discordant diagnoses by two diagnostic laboratories in an antigen-negative, microfilaremic dog recently imported into the US from Europe we developed a simple molecular method of identifying different microfilariae, and subsequently validated our method against six different filariae known to infect dogs by amplifying ribosomal DNA spacer sequences by polymerase chain reaction using common and species-specific primers, and sequencing the products to confirm the genotype of the filariae. We identified the filaria in this dog as D. repens. This is the first case of D. repens infection in the United States. Additionally, we examined microfilariae from five additional antigen-negative, microfilaremic dogs and successfully identified the infecting parasite in each case. Our diagnoses differed from the initial morphological diagnosis in three of these cases, demonstrating the inaccuracy of morphological diagnosis. In each case, microfilariae identified morphologically as A. reconditum were identified as D. immitis by molecular methods. Finally, we demonstrated that our PCR method should amplify DNA from at least two additional filariae (Onchocerca and Mansonella), suggesting that this method may be suitable for genotyping all members of the family Onchocercidae. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Specific polymerase chain reaction for differential diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum using primers derived from internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2)
- Author
-
Mar, Ping-Her, Yang, I-Chen, Chang, Gan-Nan, and Fei, Andrew Chang-Young
- Subjects
- *
DIROFILARIA immitis , *DIPETALONEMA , *POLYMERASE chain reaction - Abstract
Both Dirofilaria immiti and Dipetalonema reconditum may be found in blood of infected dogs but it is not easy to distinguish D. immitis from D. reconditum in morphology. We cloned and sequenced the contiguous internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, of these two different parasites and published on GenBank as AF217800 for D. immiti and AF217801 for D. reconditum in this study. We designed two pairs of specific primers derived from ITS2 being used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicons of ITS2 from D. immiti and D. reconditum are 302 and 348 bp, respectively. Moreover, the limitation for amplifying ITS2 gene using this PCR demonstrated that
1×10−2 microfilaria of each species of parasite smashed or even with mixed samples could be detected and the PCR products were predicted as the same as that described above. Thus, D. immiti and D. reconditum could be differentially diagnosed by this specific PCR. Seventeen clinical cases were evaluated and all of them were correctly identified. In this study, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of D. immiti or D. reconditum were the first time sequenced and analyzed. No significant similarity of ITS1 and ITS2 between D. immiti and D. reconditum could be observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Boston keratoprosthesis and Ahmed glaucoma valve for visual rehabilitation in congenital anterior staphyloma
- Author
-
Bhaskar Srinivasan, Nikhil Shreeram Choudhari, Aditya Neog, Supriya Latka, and Geetha K Iyer
- Subjects
Plateau iris ,primary angle closure glaucoma ,prevalence ,Enucleation ,India ,indications ,trends ,Closure glaucoma ,primary angle ,scanning electron microscopy ,trabecular ,Apoptosis ,caspase-3/7 ,cigarette smoke toxicant ,hydroquinone ,Blepharophimosis ,cosmetic ,functional ,single stage ,Refractive error ,rural area ,school children ,use of spectacles ,Bietti′s crystalline dystrophy ,choroidal neovascular membrane ,ranibizumab ,Blepharoptosis ,epidermal cyst ,excision ,eyelid ,AcrySof SN60T9 ,cataract ,phacoemulsification ,post-keratoplasty astigmatism ,toric intraocular lens ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,optic neuritis ,sphenoid sinus mucocele ,visual evoked response ,Cartridge tip ,descemet′s tear ,intraocular Lens ,Allergy ,cyclosporine ,vernal keratoconjunctivitis ,Endophthalmitis ,limbal relaxing incision ,nocardia ,Ivermectin ,lid laceration ,orbital myiasis ,scalp pediculosis ,Conjunctiva ,dipetalonema ,worm ,Bevacizumab ,choroidal neovascularization ,lacquer crack ,osteogenesis imperfecta ,Congenital anterior staphyloma ,glaucoma drainage implant ,keratoprosthesis ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Congenital anterior staphyloma entails grave visual prognosis. The majority of reported patients have undergone enucleation. We report a promising result of staphylectomy with implantation of a keratoprosthesis and a glaucoma drainage device in a seven-month-old child with a large, congenital anterior staphyloma.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Multiple live subconjunctival dipetalonema: Report of a case
- Author
-
Manuel John, Sely Mary Mathew, Vinod Sebastian, Jyotirmoy Biswas, and M Raman
- Subjects
Plateau iris ,primary angle closure glaucoma ,prevalence ,Enucleation ,India ,indications ,trends ,Closure glaucoma ,primary angle ,scanning electron microscopy ,trabecular ,Apoptosis ,caspase-3/7 ,cigarette smoke toxicant ,hydroquinone ,Blepharophimosis ,cosmetic ,functional ,single stage ,Refractive error ,rural area ,school children ,use of spectacles ,Bietti′s crystalline dystrophy ,choroidal neovascular membrane ,ranibizumab ,Blepharoptosis ,epidermal cyst ,excision ,eyelid ,AcrySof SN60T9 ,cataract ,phacoemulsification ,post-keratoplasty astigmatism ,toric intraocular lens ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,optic neuritis ,sphenoid sinus mucocele ,visual evoked response ,Cartridge tip ,descemet′s tear ,intraocular Lens ,Allergy ,cyclosporine ,vernal keratoconjunctivitis ,Endophthalmitis ,limbal relaxing incision ,nocardia ,Ivermectin ,lid laceration ,orbital myiasis ,scalp pediculosis ,Conjunctiva ,dipetalonema ,worm ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Parasitic infestations of the eye have been reported since centuries, affecting various parts of the eye. Some are subtle, coexisting with vision, while many others damage and destroy, in part or totally, the gift of sight. This report describes a patient with live subconjunctival dipetalonema infestation of the right eye, with 22 parasites removed live in one sitting from one eye.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Change in macular thickness in a case of refractory diabetic macular edema with dexamethasone intravitreal implant in comparison to intravitreal bevacizumab: A case report
- Author
-
Ashish Sharma, Rangasamy J Madhusudhan, Vidhya Nadahalli, Shreekant A Damgude, and Selva K Sundaramoorthy
- Subjects
Plateau iris ,primary angle closure glaucoma ,prevalence ,Enucleation ,India ,indications ,trends ,Closure glaucoma ,primary angle ,scanning electron microscopy ,trabecular ,Apoptosis ,caspase-3/7 ,cigarette smoke toxicant ,hydroquinone ,Blepharophimosis ,cosmetic ,functional ,single stage ,Refractive error ,rural area ,school children ,use of spectacles ,Bietti′s crystalline dystrophy ,choroidal neovascular membrane ,ranibizumab ,Blepharoptosis ,epidermal cyst ,excision ,eyelid ,AcrySof SN60T9 ,cataract ,phacoemulsification ,post-keratoplasty astigmatism ,toric intraocular lens ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,optic neuritis ,sphenoid sinus mucocele ,visual evoked response ,Cartridge tip ,descemet′s tear ,intraocular Lens ,Allergy ,cyclosporine ,vernal keratoconjunctivitis ,Endophthalmitis ,limbal relaxing incision ,nocardia ,Ivermectin ,lid laceration ,orbital myiasis ,scalp pediculosis ,Conjunctiva ,dipetalonema ,worm ,Bevacizumab ,choroidal neovascularization ,lacquer crack ,osteogenesis imperfecta ,Congenital anterior staphyloma ,glaucoma drainage implant ,keratoprosthesis ,Clinically significant macular edema ,dexamethasone ,implant ,ozurdex ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
We report on the significant improvement of central macular thickness in a case of clinically significant macular edema after dexamethasone 0.7 mg sustained-release intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®; Allergan, Inc, Irvine, CA, USA). Patient presented to us with persistent clinically significant macular edema (CSME) in both eyes. Right eye received dexamethasone implant and left eye received two intravitreal bevacizumab injections 1.25 mg/0.05 mL (Avastin®; Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA) with an interval of four weeks. After six weeks of follow-up, dexamethasone implant in the right eye showed normal macular thickness whereas persistent macular edema (ME) was found even after second intravitreal bevacizumab injection in the left eye.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Filarial infections in California sea lions vary spatially within the Gulf of California, Mexico
- Author
-
Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, Karen Adame-Fernández, Adriana Flores-Morán, Roberto Álvarez-Martínez, Mónica Farriols, Fausto Arellano-Carbajal, Etzel Garrido, Fernando R. Elorriaga-Verplancken, and Rolando T. Bárcenas
- Subjects
Zalophus californianus ,Dirofilaria immitis ,030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,Microfilaria ,California ,Parasite Load ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,Filariasis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Acanthocheilonema ,Animals ,Mexico ,Dirofilaria ,0303 health sciences ,Rookery ,General Veterinary ,biology ,General Medicine ,Dipetalonema ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Sea Lions ,Infectious Diseases ,Insect Science ,Parasitology ,Female ,Dirofilariasis ,Acanthocheilonemiasis - Abstract
At least two species of filarial worms, Dirofilaria immitis and Acanthocheilonema (Dipetalonema) odendhali, infect otariid pinnipeds, including the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). To date, evidence of infection in sea lions has come from dead or captive animals, and little is known about filariasis in free-living populations. We sampled 45 California sea lion adults and 197 pups captured at 12 rookeries from different ecological regions within the Gulf of California and detected and quantified D. immitis and A. odendhali microfilariae in blood smears. We investigated differences in prevalence and parasite load (intensity of infection) among ecological regions. Microfilariae were detected in the blood of 35 of the 45 (77.78%) adult females and in 1 of the 197 (0.51%) pups examined. The average burden of A. odendhali per microlitre of blood was nearly twice that of D. immitis. Prevalence and intensity of infection differed significantly among regions, being highest for colonies within the northern and northcentral regions and lowest in the southern region. Dirofilaria immitis and A. odendhali infections displayed a similar spatial pattern of prevalence. Colony density inversely predicted the prevalence of microfilariae. Based on the clinical parameters typically associated with filarial infections in carnivores and physical examinations, none of the sea lions appeared to have evidence of disease. This is a first approximation to investigate the prevalence of microfilaria infections in free-ranging California sea lions and to explore their relevance to population health.
- Published
- 2019
30. Checklist of helminth parasites of wild primates from Brazil
- Author
-
R. T. R. N. Soares, Luís C. Muniz-Pereira, Cecília Bueno, Fabiano M. Vieira, and Pilar Corrêa
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Nematoda ,biology ,Ecology ,Fauna ,Cestoda ,Zoology ,Biodiversity ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,Onchocercidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Dipetalonema ,Neotropical ,Biodiversidad ,Acanthocephala ,03 medical and health sciences ,fluids and secretions ,Nematode ,parasitic diseases ,Helminths ,Trematoda ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The current study is the first attempt to include the many records from wild primate host species from the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, along with updated information based on literature. We list a total of 50 species of helminth parasites associated with 46 species of wild primates in Brazil. A total of 814 records of helminths in wild primates from Brazil were listed, including 406 samples of helminths stored in the CHIOC. Of these samples, 16 are new host records (NHR). The majority of these helminth species are nematodes with 30 species reported, which corresponds to 60% of the total number of helminths. The helminth species with more host species is the nematode Dipetalonema gracilis (Filarioidea, Onchocercidae), associated to 13 species of primates. The primate species with more reports of helminths in Brazil is Saimiri sciureus (Cebidae), with 16 species (13 nematodes, 3 acanthocephalans). In the current study, 46 species of primates have at least 1 species of helminth recorded, which represents approximately 39% of species of this host in Brazil. Therefore, we can conclude that the helminths documented in wild primates from Brazil are obviously underestimated, since the helminth fauna in the majority of Brazilian primates remains unknown.
- Published
- 2016
31. Detection of IgE antibodies in onchocerciasis. Possibility of using allergens from Dipetalonema viteae extracts that cross-react with allergenic determinants in crude extracts of Onchocerca volvulus.
- Author
-
Kouemeni, Lysette-Elisabeth, Haque, A., and Capron, A.
- Subjects
- *
IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *ONCHOCERCIASIS , *ALLERGENS , *DIPETALONEMA , *ONCHOCERCA volvulus , *ANTIGENS - Abstract
The present study reports the presence of Onchocerca volvulus specific IgE in the sera obtained from onchocerciasis patients. About 70% of onchocerciasis patients showed a raised level of O. volvulus specific IgE compared to patients infected either with other human filarids (Loa loa. Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi) or with other helminths (Schistosoma manson,. Ascaris lumbricoides, Fasciola hepatica). The O. volvulus specific IgE level was significantly higher in patients exhibiting 'gale filarienne' than in microfilaraemic patients or in endemic controls. The total IgE level was significantly raised in the serum samples of all groups of subjects from endemic areas compared to European controls. There was no significant increase in the level of IgE in the onchocerciasis sera when O. volvulus antigen was replaced by the antigens from various helminths in the present assay system (radioallergosorbent test). However, there was a clear evidence of the presence of cross-reacting allergens in the crude extracts from adults of O. volvulus and Dipetalonema viteae (a rodent filarial parasite) because there was a significant reduction in IgE level in onchocerciasis sera following absorption with either O. volvolus or D. viteae sorbents. Moreover, the IgE antibodies in onchocerciasis patients sera recognized the allergens which were present in the somatic extracts of O. volvulus and D. viteae as revealed by radiolabelled anti-IgE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1982
32. Dipetalonema viteae infective larvae reach reproductive maturity in rats immunodepressed by prior exposure to Schistosoma mansoni or its products and in congenitally athymic rats.
- Author
-
Haque, A., Camus, D., Ogilvie, B. M., Capron, M., Bazin, H., and Capron, A.
- Subjects
- *
LARVAE , *DIPETALONEMA , *WORMS , *INJECTIONS , *SCHISTOSOMA mansoni , *IMMUNITY - Abstract
Infective larvae of Dipetalonema viteae did not reach maturity in inbred Fischer rats. However, female adults of D. viteae when transplanted surgically into Fischer rats established and the resulting microfilaraemia from the transplanted worms persisted for about 120 days after infection. Sequential dissections showed that some of the female worms transplanted remained viable in rats for about 35 days after infection. After inoculation of infective larvae into rats a varying number transformed into stage-4 larvae but they did not develop into adult worms and were killed. However, when the rats were immunodepressed non-specifically by a pre-existing Schistosoma mansoni infection or by treatment with S. mansoni-derived substance(s), a number of stage-4 larvae renewed their development and reached sexual maturity. These worms produced microfilariae which were observed in the peripheral blood for about 40 days. The effect of previous infection with S. mansoni on the survival and growth of D. viteae in Fischer rats depends greatly on the relative timing of infection because infective larvae of D. viteae reached maturity only when rats were inoculated with infective larvae after 15 days of S. mansoni infection but not after 21 or 28 days of S. mansoni infection. D. viteae will also develop to maturity in congenitally athymic rats. In congenitally athymic rats (Nu/Nu) each given 75 infective larvae, both the microfilaraemia and adult worm recovery at post-mortem were higher than those which resulted in Nu/Nu rats given an infection of 200 larvae. These experiments show that in rats innate immunity to this filarial nematode reflects a very rapidly induced acquired immunity which kills the parasite before it reaches maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1981
33. Serum IgE levels in rats infected with Dipetalonema viteae L3 larvae.
- Author
-
Rousseaux-Prévost, Roselyne, Chassoux, Danièle, Bazin, H., and Capron, A.
- Subjects
- *
SERUM , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN E , *RADIOIMMUNOASSAY , *DIPETALONEMA , *LARVAE , *INFECTION - Abstract
Serum IgE levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in rats infected with various doses of L3 infective stage larvae of Dipetalonema viteae. A high stimulation in total scrum IgE levels was found with minute doses as well as with large doses of parasite, and IgE levels remained elevated for several months. No further increase in IgE levels was induced by a secondary infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1979
34. Neutrophil-mediated killing of <em>Dipetalonema viteae</em> microfilariae: simultaneous presence IgE, IgG antibodies and complement is required.
- Author
-
Aime, N., Haque, A., Bonnel, B., Torpier, G., and Capron, A.
- Subjects
- *
NEUTROPHILS , *GRANULOCYTES , *PHAGOCYTES , *DIPETALONEMA , *RATS , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN E , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
Neutrophils from the peripheral washings of normal rats in the presence of sera obtained from rats immune to circulating microfilariae adhered to and killed the microfilariae of Dipetalonema vitae in vitro within 16-24 hr. No significant adherence or cytotoxicity was mediated by sera collected from animals with a high microfilaraemia or from normal rats. UItrastructural studies show that neutrophils, which are bigger than microfilariae, can easily internalize the small larvae resulting in the disintegration of the parasite. Immunoadsorption and inhibition experiments showed that the adherence-promoting activity resides both in IgG and IgE classes of antibody. However, the mere participation of these two antibodies is not sufficient to effect neutrophil adherence towards microfilariae, the presence of complement is also required. Samples of fresh immune rat serum (fIRS) depleted in alternative pathway components of complement by treatment with zymosan A failed to mediate cell adherence to the parasite. fIRS inactivated for the classical pathway of complement by the chelating agent EGTA partially retains its activity in mediating cytotoxicity to microfilariae. The striking antigenic specificity of D. vitae antibodies was shown by their ability to mediate cytotoxicity only to D. vitae but not towards Brugia malayi microfilariae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1984
35. An epidemiological study of canine filarioses in north-west Italy: What has changed in 25 years?
- Author
-
Rossi, L., Pollono, F., Meneguz, P., Gribaudo, L., and Balbo, T.
- Abstract
A field survey aimed at updating knowledge of the distribution and prevalence of filarial infections in the Piedmont region was undertaken. Blood samples were collected from 2628 dogs (10-15 dogs/100 km) which had remained in the local area, were kept in the open overnight, were more than 2 years old and had not previously been treated with microfilaricidal drugs. Infection was diagnosed by a modified Knott test. Comparison of the results with those from a similar survey carried out 25 years ago showed a 3-fold increase in the size of the endemic area, with the colonization of new habitats, and a 4-fold increase in the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The mitochondrial genome of
- Author
-
P, Zhang, R K, Ran, A Y, Abdullahi, X L, Shi, Y, Huang, Y X, Sun, Y Q, Liu, X X, Yan, J X, Hang, Y Q, Fu, M W, Wang, W, Chen, and G Q, Li
- Subjects
Base Composition ,China ,Genome, Helminth ,Base Sequence ,Dipetalonema Infections ,Genome, Mitochondrial ,Monkey Diseases ,Animals ,Saimiri ,Dipetalonema ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Dipetalonema gracile is a common parasite in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), which can cause malnutrition and progressive wasting of the host, and lead to death in the case of massive infection. This study aimed to identify a suspected D. gracile worm from a dead squirrel monkey by means of molecular biology, and to amplify its complete mitochondrial genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. The results identified the worm as D. gracile, and the full length of its complete mitochondrial genome was 13,584 bp, which contained 22 tRNA genes, 12 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, one AT-rich region and one small non-coding region. The nucleotide composition included A (16.89%), G (20.19%), T (56.22%) and C (6.70%), among which A + T = 73.11%. The 12 protein-coding genes used TTG and ATT as start codons, and TAG and TAA as stop codons. Among the 22 tRNA genes, only trnS1AGN and trnS2UCN exhibited the TΨC-loop structure, while the other 20 tRNAs showed the TV-loop structure. The rrnL (986 bp) and rrnS (685 bp) genes were single-stranded and conserved in secondary structure. This study has enriched the mitochondrial gene database of Dipetalonema and laid a scientific basis for further study on classification, and genetic and evolutionary relationships of Dipetalonema nematodes.
- Published
- 2018
37. The mitochondrial genome of Dipetalonema gracile from a squirrel monkey in China
- Author
-
Yeqi Fu, Xianli Shi, Y Huang, Jianxiong Hang, W Chen, Pan Zhang, Y X Sun, Guoqing Li, M W Wang, Xinxin Yan, Y Q Liu, R K Ran, and Auwalu Yusuf Abdullahi
- Subjects
Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Mitochondrial DNA ,biology ,Sequence analysis ,030231 tropical medicine ,Squirrel monkey ,General Medicine ,Ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Dipetalonema ,Stop codon ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Transfer RNA ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Gene - Abstract
Dipetalonema gracile is a common parasite in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), which can cause malnutrition and progressive wasting of the host, and lead to death in the case of massive infection. This study aimed to identify a suspected D. gracile worm from a dead squirrel monkey by means of molecular biology, and to amplify its complete mitochondrial genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. The results identified the worm as D. gracile, and the full length of its complete mitochondrial genome was 13,584 bp, which contained 22 tRNA genes, 12 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, one AT-rich region and one small non-coding region. The nucleotide composition included A (16.89%), G (20.19%), T (56.22%) and C (6.70%), among which A + T = 73.11%. The 12 protein-coding genes used TTG and ATT as start codons, and TAG and TAA as stop codons. Among the 22 tRNA genes, only trnS1AGN and trnS2UCN exhibited the TΨC-loop structure, while the other 20 tRNAs showed the TV-loop structure. The rrnL (986 bp) and rrnS (685 bp) genes were single-stranded and conserved in secondary structure. This study has enriched the mitochondrial gene database of Dipetalonema and laid a scientific basis for further study on classification, and genetic and evolutionary relationships of Dipetalonema nematodes.
- Published
- 2018
38. Epizootiological observations on canine microfilaremia in Gujarat state, India
- Author
-
J.P. Varshney, J R Patel, Sarita Devi, and K.M. Jadhav
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary medicine ,dogs ,Dirofilaria immitis ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,prevalence ,Prevalence ,Dipetalonema reconditum ,SF1-1100 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,SF600-1100 ,Medicine ,Helminths ,microfilariae ,education ,education.field_of_study ,General Veterinary ,biology ,business.industry ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,Great Dane ,Dipetalonema ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal culture ,modified Knott's technique ,business ,modified Knott’s technique ,Research Article - Abstract
Aim The present investigation was conducted to study the prevalence of microfilaremia in dogs in Gujarat. Materials and methods A total of 418 adult dogs aged between 2 and 14 years with signs of weakness and non-specified complaints, presented at TVCC, Deesa (North Gujarat), Nandini Veterinary Hospital, Surat (South Gujarat), and Private Clinics, Ahmedabad (Central Gujarat), were included in the present investigation for studying the prevalence of microfilaremia from July 2016 to May 2017. Results A total of 418 dogs were screened, of which 33 were found positive for circulating microfilariae with the prevalence rate of 7.89% in the population. Among microfilaremic dogs, the finding of microfilariae of Dipetalonema (Acanthocheilonema) reconditum was more common (23 cases; 69.69%) than Dirofilaria immitis (10 cases; 30.30%) making their prevalence in the population of 418 dogs as 5.50% and 2.39%, respectively. Breed-wise distribution of microfilaremic dogs revealed that 12 (36.36%), 8 (24.24%), 5 (15.15%), 4 (12.12%), 2 (6.06%), 1 (3.03%), and 1 (3.03%) cases were observed in Pomeranian, non-descript, German Shepherd, Labrador, Great Dane, Lhasa Apso, and Pug dogs, respectively. Of 10 cases of D. immitis, 5, 2, 2, and 1 were observed in Pomeranian, Labrador, non-descript, and Great Dane dogs, respectively. Cases of Dipetalonema reconditum were highest in Pomeranian (7), followed by non-descript (6), German Shepherd (5), Labrador (2), Great Dane (1), Lhasa Apso (1), and Pug (1). Age-wise distribution recorded significantly (p≤0.01) higher number of cases in adult dogs (4-14 years) for D. immitis (30.30%) and D. reconditum (39.39%). Sex-wise distribution of microfilaremic dogs showed that male (22/33, 66.66%) was more predisposed to microfilaremia rather than females (11/33, 33.34%). It is apparent from the study that the number of dogs with microfilaremia due to D. reconditum was significantly (p≤0.01) higher than that of D. immitis. Conclusion The present study revealed that microfilaremia due to D. immitis and D. reconditum is prevalent in the state of Gujarat. The infection with D. immitis was associated with severe lung and cardiac pathological manifestations.
- Published
- 2018
39. Occurrence of Dipetalonema gracile in a wild population of woolly monkey Lagothrix poeppiigii in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon
- Author
-
Pedro Mayor, David Fernandez Conga, Elane Guerreiro Giese, Adriano Penha Furtado, and Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Lagothrix poeppigii ,Population ,Peruvian Amazon ,Zoology ,Dipetalonema ,Woolly monkey ,03 medical and health sciences ,Peru ,parasitic diseases ,Animals ,education ,macaco barrigudo ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,Appendage ,Atelinae ,education.field_of_study ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Amazon rainforest ,Dipetalonema gracile ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,Onchocercidae ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Female ,Parasitology ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Filarioidea ,Amazônia peruana ,woolly monkey ,geographic locations - Abstract
Dipetalonema gracile (Rudolphi, 1809) (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) is one of six species of cavities filarial parasites of Neotropical non-human primates. The present study recorded the occurrence of D. gracile, provides morphological and morphometric data and extends the geographical distribution. Adult filariae were obtained from the thoracic and abdominal cavities of 38 specimens of woolly monkey, which were used for local human consumption, in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon. Male and female filarids were processed and analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Details of the cephalic papillae, post-cloacal bands and papillae, vulva, phasmid position and lateral appendages are showed by scanning electron microscopy and is recorded the occurrencce of Lagothrix poeppigii monkey as a new host of this filaria in the Yavari-Mirin river basin, Peruvian Amazon. Resumo Dipetalonema gracile (Rudolphi, 1809) (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae), é uma das seis espécies de filarias parasitas de primatas não humanos neotropicais. O presente trabalho registra a ocorrência de D. gracile , proporciona dados morfológicos e morfométricos e amplia sua distribuição geográfica. Filárias adultas foram obtidas da cavidade torácica e abdominal de 38 espécimes de macaco barrigudo, que foram utilizados para consumo humano local. Essa espécie de primatas não humanos neotropicais tem distribuição ao nordeste da Amazônia peruana. Filarídeos machos e fêmeas foram processados e analisados pela microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Detalhes das papilas cefálicas, bandas e papilas pós-cloacais, vulva, posição dos fasmídeos e apêndices laterais são mostradas pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura e registra-se a ocorrência do macaco Lagothrix poeppigii como novo hospedeiro desta filaria na bacia do rio Yavari-Mirin na Amazônia peruana.
- Published
- 2018
40. Co-infection with filarial nematodes in Sapajus macrocephalus and Cebus albifrons (Primates: Cebidae) from the Peruvian Amazon
- Author
-
Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos, Elane Guerreiro Giese, Pedro Mayor, David Fernandez Conga, and Adriano Penha Furtado
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Dipetalonema caudispina ,Biometry ,Cebinae ,030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,Thoracic Cavity ,Dipetalonema ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dipetalonema Infections ,biology.animal ,Peru ,Cebidae ,Prevalence ,Helminths ,Animals ,biology ,Amazon rainforest ,Coinfection ,Monkey Diseases ,Abdominal Cavity ,General Medicine ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,Onchocercidae ,Cebus albifrons ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Topography, Medical ,Filarioidea ,Co infection - Abstract
Dipetalonema caudispina(Molin, 1858) andD. gracile(Rudolphi, 1809) (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) are two of six known species of filarial nematodes that parasitize Neotropical non-human primates. Adult filariae were collected from the thoracic and abdominal cavities of 38 of 44 specimens ofSapajus macrocephalus(Spix, 1823) and nine of ten specimens ofCebus albifrons(Humboldt, 1812) (Primates: Cebidae), distributed in the Yavarí-Mirín river basin and used locally for human consumption. Co-occurrence ofD. caudispinaandD. gracileis reported for the first time, with a prevalence of 18.5% (10 of 54 hosts examined). Our finding ofD. caudispinaandD. gracilein cebids from the Peruvian Amazon constitutes a new geographical record for both filariae, two new host records forD. caudispina,and the first report ofD. gracileinS. macrocephalus. In addition, we provide morphometric data forD. caudispina, complementing the original description, as well as scanning electron microscopy details on the structure of the area rugosa and number of caudal papillae in males.
- Published
- 2018
41. Dipetalonema viteae (Filarioidea): development of the infective larvae in micropore chambers implanted into normal, infected and immunized jirds
- Author
-
N. Weiss and M. Tanner
- Subjects
Micropore Filters ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infective larvae ,Rodentia ,General Medicine ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies ,Dipetalonema ,Microbiology ,Rats ,Infectious Diseases ,Ticks ,Immunology ,Helminths ,Animals ,Parasitology ,Filarioidea ,Dipetalonema viteae ,Skin - Published
- 2017
42. Retinol deficiency and Dipetalonema viteae infection in the hamster
- Author
-
H. Weiser, A. Hanck, N. Weiss, D. Stürchler, and U. Manz
- Subjects
Vitamin ,Male ,Hamster ,Biology ,Dipetalonema ,Andrology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immune system ,Weight loss ,Dipetalonema Infections ,Cricetinae ,medicine ,Animals ,Mesocricetus ,Vitamin A Deficiency ,Body Weight ,Retinol ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Filariasis ,Vitamin A deficiency ,chemistry ,Immunology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain - Abstract
Following chronic retinol (vitamin A) deprivation leading to exhaustion of liver vitamin A reserves below 50 I.U. per liver hamsters were fed diets either deficient in (“Rd”: 250 I.U.A/kg in experiment I, 1000 I.U.A/kg in experiment II) or enriched with retinol (“Rw”: 10000 I.U.A/kg in experiment I and II). After 4 weeks some of the animals (36 in experiment I, 30 in II) were infected with 150 3rd-stage larvae of D. viteae, while clean animals were kept as controls. The retinol status, the immune response (indirect fluorescent antibody test: IFAT) and parasitological parameters were examined up to 8 (experiment I) and 12 weeks (experiment II) post infection (p.i.). Rd hamsters had levelling off of weight gain or weight loss, severely deficient retinol levels in serum and liver, and high mortality. Weight gain was less in infected than in uninfected hamsters, and the capacity of infected Rw animals to restore liver retinol was significantly lower than that of uninfected Rw animals. IFAT titres were similar in Rd and in Rw animals, but microfilaraemia was significantly enhanced at 8 and 10·5 weeks p.i. in Rd hamsters. While the number of worms recovered from Rd and Rw hamsters was similar, there was a significant increase in the ratio of female to male worms in Rd hamsters. Rd hamsters in experiment I produced 3·3 times the worm mass per 100 g body-weight than Rw hamsters. Also, the average mass per female worm was significantly higher in Rd than in Rw hamsters, and this parameter was negatively correlated with the liver retinol concentration in experiment I (r=−0·89). Retinol deficiency has a marked effect on growth and fertility of D. viteae in hamsters.
- Published
- 2017
43. Immunogenicity of the surface of filarial larvae (Dipetalonema viteae)
- Author
-
N. Weiss and M. Tanner
- Subjects
Male ,Mice, Nude ,Rodentia ,Biology ,Dipetalonema ,Microbiology ,Epitopes ,Mice ,Antigen ,Dipetalonema Infections ,Cricetinae ,Helminths ,Animals ,Dipetalonema viteae ,Larva ,Immunogenicity ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,Filariasis ,Rats ,Infectious Diseases ,Nematode larvae ,Antibody Formation ,Antigens, Surface ,Parasitology ,Rabbits - Published
- 2017
44. Temporal and demographic blood parasite dynamics in two free-ranging neotropical primates
- Author
-
Nicole Dmytryk, Mrinalini Watsa, Gideon A. Erkenswick, Alfonso S Gozalo, and Patricia G. Parker
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Saguinus imperator ,Cooperative breeding ,lcsh:Zoology ,Parasite hosting ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,biology ,Host (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Dipetalonema ,Callitrichidae ,Longitudinal sampling ,Co-infection ,Dominance hierarchy ,Infectious Diseases ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Species richness ,Blood parasites - Abstract
Parasite-host relationships are influenced by several factors intrinsic to hosts, such as social standing, group membership, sex, and age. However, in wild populations, temporal variation in parasite distributions and concomitant infections can alter these patterns. We used microscropy and molecular methods to screen for naturally occurring haemoparasitic infections in two Neotropical primate host populations, the saddleback (Leontocebus weddelli) and emperor (Saguinus imperator) tamarin, in the lowland tropical rainforests of southeastern Peru. Repeat sampling was conducted from known individuals over a three-year period to test for parasite-host and parasite-parasite associations. Three parasites were detected in L. weddelli including Trypanosoma minasense, Mansonella mariae, and Dipetalonema spp., while S. imperator only hosted the latter two. Temporal variation in prevalence was observed in T. minasense and Dipetalonema spp., confirming the necessity of a multi-year study to evaluate parasite-host relationships in this system. Although callitrichids display a distinct reproductive dominance hierarchy, characterized by single breeding females that typically mate polyandrously and can suppress the reproduction of subdominant females, logistic models did not identify sex or breeding status as determining factors in the presence of these parasites. However, age class had a positive effect on infection with M. mariae and T. minasense, and adults demonstrated higher parasite species richness than juveniles or sub-adults across both species. Body weight had a positive effect on the presence of Dipetalonema spp. The inclusion of co-infection variables in statistical models of parasite presence/absence data improved model fit for two of three parasites. This study verifies the importance and need for broad spectrum and long-term screening of parasite assemblages of natural host populations., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Co-infection data improves statistical models of parasite prevalence. • Longitudinal sampling is key to unraveling parasite-host relationships in nature. • Host specificity of blood parasites among sympatric Callitrichine primates. • Sex roles in cooperatively breeding primates may not impact parasitism.
- Published
- 2016
45. Dipetalonema evansi Infection in Camels of Iran’s Central Area
- Author
-
Mohammad Hosein Anvari Tafti, Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam, Alireza Sazmand, and Iraj Moobedi
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,Veterinary medicine ,Camelus ,Dipetalonema evansi ,Working capacity ,Iran ,Testicle ,Biology ,Dipetalonema ,Peripheral blood ,Spermatic cord ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood smear ,Dipetalonema Infections ,parasitic diseases ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Animals ,Parasite hosting ,Female ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Totally 294 dromedary camels of different ages and both sexes slaughtered at slaughterhouses in Yazd, Isfahan and Kerman provinces were inspected for infection with Dipetalonema evansi. Blood smears of all camels and carcasses of 125 of them (100 from Isfahan and 25 from Yazd) were studied for larva and adult forms of the parasite. Microfilariae were found in peripheral blood smears of 38 out of 294 (12.92%) tested camels, while 20 out of 125 camels (13.89%) harbored D. evansi adult worms in at least one region in their testicle, epididymis, spermatic cord, lung and heart. Two of infected males had adult forms of the parasite in all studied organs simultaneously. Pathological study of infected tissues revealed sections of parasite, severe acute and chronic inflammation, fibrosis and atrophy. D. evansi is endemic and constitutes an important health problem to camels in Iran's central desert, resulting in impaired working capacity and lowered productivity.
- Published
- 2013
46. Acanthocheilonema viteae: phosphorylcholine is attached to the major excretory-secretory product via an N-linked glycan
- Author
-
William Harnett, Katrina M. Houston, M. J. Worms, and R. Amess
- Subjects
Male ,Glycan ,Secretory component ,Phosphorylcholine ,Blotting, Western ,Immunology ,N linked glycans ,Dipetalonema ,Dipetalonema Infections ,Polysaccharides ,Animals ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Acanthocheilonema viteae ,biology ,Helminth Proteins ,General Medicine ,Excretory secretory ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ,Female ,Parasitology ,Gerbillinae ,Glycoprotein - Published
- 2016
47. Receptor usage by the Acanthocheilonema viteae-derived immunomodulator, ES-62
- Author
-
Helen S. Goodridge, Margaret M. Harnett, Janet M. Allen, and William Harnett
- Subjects
RM ,T-Lymphocytes ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Blotting, Western ,Immunology ,Receptors, Cell Surface ,Biosensing Techniques ,Dipetalonema ,Monocytes ,Jurkat Cells ,Mice ,Immune system ,Animals ,Humans ,Receptor ,Internalization ,media_common ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,B-Lymphocytes ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Acanthocheilonema viteae ,biology ,U937 cell ,Phosphorylcholine ,Macrophages ,Cell Membrane ,Helminth Proteins ,U937 Cells ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Molecular Weight ,Toll-Like Receptor 4 ,Infectious Diseases ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,TLR4 ,Parasitology ,Glycoprotein - Abstract
ES-62 is an immunomodulatory phosphorylcholine (PC)-containing glycoprotein secreted by the rodent filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae. Previously, the use of knockout mice has revealed the effects of ES-62 on macrophages and dendritic cells to be dependent on TLR4. However, it is possible that ES-62 may interact with additional proteins on the surfaces of target cells and hence that cells may vary with respect to receptor usage. In this study, we identified by molecular weight, proteins that interact with ES-62 and found differences amongst the immune system cells studied. Thus, whereas lymphocytes appear to have two major interacting proteins of ∼135 and ∼82 kDa, U937 monocytes only contain an ES-62-binding protein of the latter molecular weight. Binding to the proteins on B cells and U937 cells was blocked by PC, suggesting a critical role for this ES-62 moiety in facilitating interaction. Finally, ES-62 binding is followed by internalization in both macrophages and B cells but only in the former was absence of TLR4 found to block internalization. These findings are consistent with differences in receptor usage by ES-62 amongst different cell-types.
- Published
- 2012
48. Immunomodulatory Properties of ES-62, a Phosphorylcholine - Containing Glycoprotein Secreted by Acanthocheilonema viteae
- Author
-
Lamyaa Al-Riyami and William Harnett
- Subjects
Allergy ,medicine.drug_class ,Phosphorylcholine ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Models, Biological ,Dipetalonema ,Anti-inflammatory ,Autoimmunity ,Immunomodulation ,Immune system ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Immunology and Allergy ,Inflammation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,Acanthocheilonema viteae ,Helminth Proteins ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Phenotype ,chemistry ,Immunology ,Glycoprotein - Abstract
Filarial nematodes are parasites that have the ability to persist in their hosts for extended periods of time due to the employment of various mechanisms to divert or down-regulate the host's immune responses. One of these mechanisms is the production of immunomodulatory excretory-secretory (ES) products. This review will discuss the properties of one such product, ES-62, which over the years, has been shown to interact with and modulate the activities of a variety of cells of the immune system including B and T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages and mast cells. Overall, ES-62 diverts the immune system towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype and consistent with this it has been shown to have therapeutic potential in models of inflammatory disease associated with autoimmunity and allergy.
- Published
- 2012
49. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Dipetalonema evansi (LEWIS, 1882) in camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Iran
- Author
-
Mohammad Mirzaei, Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam, Barbara Eigner, Josef Harl, Anja Joachim, Hans-Peter Fuehrer, Alireza Sazmand, and Georg Gerhard Duscher
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Veterinary medicine ,Camelus ,Sequence analysis ,030231 tropical medicine ,Iran ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Dipetalonema ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dipetalonema Infections ,parasitic diseases ,Prevalence ,Helminths ,Animals ,Microfilariae ,Phylogeny ,General Veterinary ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,Geography ,Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ,Intermediate host ,General Medicine ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Nematode ,Insect Science ,Parasitology - Abstract
Despite the economic importance of camels, the parasites that affect them have not received adequate attention so far and molecular studies are scarce compared to other livestock. In this study, we characterized peripheral blood microfilariae in 200 healthy one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) from south-east Iran by microscopy and molecular tools to receive a more detailed insight into prevalence and species that affect them. Moreover, adult specimens of the filarial nematode Dipetalonema evansi were collected from the carcass of an infected animal. Microscopic examination was performed on Giemsa-stained blood smears, and blood was also spotted on Whatman FTA(®) cards for DNA analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted, and PCR was carried out for the detection of filaroid helminths, followed by sequence analysis of positive samples. Four samples were positive for microfilariae by microscopy, while 16 animals (8 %) were positive by PCR. Sequence analysis revealed D. evansi in all cases. Phylogenetic analysis of a cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence of filaroid nematodes showed that most species in a single genus cluster in the same clade; however, D. evansi and D. gracile are not monophyletic and branch rather at the base of the tree. Further studies on the life cycle of D. evansi, specifically the identification of intermediate host(s), have become feasible with the provision of the first specific COI sequences in this study.
- Published
- 2015
50. Epidemiological aspects on vector-borne infections in stray and pet dogs from Romania and Hungary with focus on Babesia spp
- Author
-
Daniel Lescai, Dietmar Hamel, Cornelia Silaghi, and Kurt Pfister
- Subjects
Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Anaplasma ,Dirofilaria immitis ,Parasitic Diseases, Animal ,Babesia ,Dipetalonema ,Dogs ,Mycoplasma ,Germany ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Dog Diseases ,Leishmania ,Hungary ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Romania ,Babesiosis ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Anaplasma phagocytophilum ,Dirofilaria repens ,Infectious Diseases ,Canis ,Insect Science ,Babesia canis ,Female ,Parasitology ,Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - Abstract
Canine arthropod-borne infections are of major interest in small animal practice and have been widely investigated in Central and Western Europe. However, only limited epidemiological data are available from South-Eastern European countries, although diseases including babesiosis or dirofilariosis are widely recognised as important canine infections in these countries. A steadily increasing number of dogs imported from South-Eastern Europe into Germany require particular attention by small animal practitioners. In this study, a total of 216 dogs [29 local Romanian pet dogs presented at Salvavet Veterinary Clinic in Bucharest, Romania, and 187 imported stray dogs from Romania (n = 109) and Hungary (n = 78) into Germany] were screened by molecular biological, serological and haematological methods for canine arthropod-borne infections. Eleven different parasitic and bacterial vector-borne pathogens-Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis vogeli, Babesia gibsoni, Babesia felis-like, Hepatozoon canis, Leishmania spp., Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema reconditum, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Mycoplasma haemocanis-were detected. Fifty-six percent of the dogs were positive by direct methods. B. canis canis was the most prevalent pathogen in dogs imported to Germany (42.8%) and dogs submitted for clinical consultation in Bucharest (44.8%). Our data strongly suggest the introduction of an adjusted screening panel in dogs from South-East Europe in view of increasing importation of dogs into Germany.
- Published
- 2011
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.