85 results on '"Dorador, C."'
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2. Sources, enrichment, and redistribution of As, Cd, Cu, Li, Mo, and Sb in the Northern Atacama Region, Chile: Implications for arid watersheds affected by mining
- Author
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Tapia, J., Davenport, J., Townley, B., Dorador, C., Schneider, B., Tolorza, V., and von Tümpling, W.
- Published
- 2018
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3. A second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
- Author
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Kanai, M, Andrews, S, Cordioli, M, Stevens, C, Neale, B, Daly, M, Ganna, A, Pathak, G, Iwasaki, A, Karjalainen, J, Mehtonen, J, Pirinen, M, Chwialkowska, K, Trankiem, A, Balaconis, M, Veerapen, K, Wolford, B, Ahmad, H, von Hohenstaufen Puoti, K, Boer, C, Boua, P, Butler-Laporte, G, Cadilla, C, Chwiałkowska, K, Colombo, F, Douillard, V, Dueker, N, Dutta, A, El-Sherbiny, Y, Eltoukhy, M, Esmaeeli, S, Faucon, A, Fave, M, Cadenas, I, Francescatto, M, Francioli, L, Franke, L, Fuentes, M, Durán, R, Cabrero, D, Harry, E, Jansen, P, Szentpéteri, J, Kaja, E, Kirk, C, Kousathanas, A, Krieger, J, Patel, S, Lemaçon, A, Limou, S, Lió, P, Marouli, E, Marttila, M, Medina-Gómez, C, Michaeli, Y, Migeotte, I, Mondal, S, Moreno-Estrada, A, Moya, L, Nakanishi, T, Nasir, J, Pasko, D, Pearson, N, Pereira, A, Priest, J, Prijatelj, V, Prokić, I, Teumer, A, Várnai, R, Romero-Gómez, M, Roos, C, Rosenfeld, J, Ruolin, L, Schulte, E, Schurmann, C, Sedaghati-khayat, B, Shaheen, D, Shivanathan, I, Sipeky, C, Sirui, Z, Striano, P, Tanigawa, Y, Remesal, A, Vadgama, N, Vallerga, C, van der Laan, S, Verdugo, R, Wang, Q, Wei, Z, Zainulabid, U, Zárate, R, Auton, A, Shelton, J, Shastri, A, Weldon, C, Filshtein-Sonmez, T, Coker, D, Symons, A, Aslibekyan, S, O’Connell, J, Ye, C, Hatoum, A, Agrawal, A, Bogdan, R, Colbert, S, Thompson, W, Fan, C, Johnson, E, Niazyan, L, Davidyants, M, Arakelyan, A, Avetyan, D, Bekbossynova, M, Tauekelova, A, Tuleutayev, M, Sailybayeva, A, Ramankulov, Y, Zholdybayeva, E, Dzharmukhanov, J, Kassymbek, K, Tsechoeva, T, Turebayeva, G, Smagulova, Z, Muratov, T, Khamitov, S, Kwong, A, Timpson, N, Niemi, M, Rahmouni, S, Guntz, J, Beguin, Y, Pigazzini, S, Nkambule, L, Georges, M, Moutschen, M, Misset, B, Darcis, G, Gofflot, S, Bouysran, Y, Busson, A, Peyrassol, X, Wilkin, F, Pichon, B, Smits, G, Vandernoot, I, Goffard, J, Tiembe, N, Morrison, D, Afilalo, J, Mooser, V, Richards, J, Rousseau, S, Durand, M, Forgetta, V, Laurent, L, Afrasiabi, Z, Bouab, M, Tselios, C, Xue, X, Afilalo, M, Oliveira, M, St-Cyr, J, Boisclair, A, Ragoussis, J, Auld, D, Kaufmann, D, Lathrop, G, Bourque, G, Décary, S, Falcone, E, Montpetit, A, Piché, A, Renoux, C, Tremblay, K, Tse, S, Zawati, M, Davis, L, Cox, N, Below, J, Sealock, J, Shuey, M, Polikowsky, H, Petty, L, Shaw, D, Chen, H, Zhu, W, Schmidt, A, Ludwig, K, Maj, C, Rolker, S, Balla, D, Behzad, P, Nöthen, M, Fazaal, J, Keitel, V, Jensen, B, Feldt, T, Marx, N, Dreher, M, Pink, I, Cornberg, M, Illig, T, Lehmann, C, Schommers, P, Rybniker, J, Augustin, M, Knopp, L, Kurth, I, Eggermann, T, Volland, S, Berger, M, Brenner, T, Hinney, A, Witzke, O, Konik, M, Bals, R, Herr, C, Ludwig, N, Walter, J, Latz, E, Schmidt, S, Brooks, J, Bull, S, Elliott, L, Gagnon, F, Greenwood, C, Hung, R, Lawless, J, Paterson, A, Sun, L, Rauh, M, Briollais, L, Gingras, A, Bombard, Y, Pugh, T, Simpson, J, Goneau, L, Halevy, A, Maslove, D, Borgundvaag, B, Devine, L, Bearss, E, Richardson, D, Arnoldo, S, Friedman, S, Taher, A, Stern, S, Dagher, M, Vasilevska-Ristovska, J, Biggs, C, Mickiewicz, B, Strug, L, Scherer, S, Aziz, N, Jones, S, Knoppers, B, Lathrop, M, Turvey, S, Yeung, R, Allen, U, Cheung, A, Herridge, M, Hunt, M, Lerner-Ellis, J, Taher, J, Parekh, R, Hiraki, L, Cowan, J, Ducharme, F, Ostrowski, M, Bernier, F, Kellner, J, Garg, E, Yoo, S, Vlasschaert, C, Frangione, E, Chung, M, Noor, A, Greenfeld, E, Colwill, K, Clausen, M, Chao, G, Yue, F, Fritzler, M, Whitney, J, Thiruvahindrapuram, B, Garant, J, Abraham, R, Davis, A, Campigotto, A, Papenburg, J, Niranjan, K, Betschel, S, Sadarangani, M, Barton-Forbes, M, Hanley, M, Fung, C, Lapadula, E, Macdonald, G, Puopolo, M, Kaushik, D, Nirmalanathan, K, Wong, I, Khan, Z, Zarei, N, Michalowska, M, Modi, B, Persia, P, Estacio, A, Buchholz, M, Cheatley, P, Lorenti, M, Aman, N, Matveev, V, Budylowski, P, Upton, J, Morris, S, Boyd, T, Chowdhary, S, Casalino, S, Morgan, G, Mighton, C, Mcgeer, A, Mazzulli, T, Mcleod, S, Binnie, A, Faghfoury, H, Chertkow, H, Racher, H, Serbanescu, M, Pavenski, K, Esser, M, Thompson, G, Herbrick, J, Gignoux, C, Wicks, S, Crooks, K, Barnes, K, Daya, M, Shortt, J, Rafaels, N, Chavan, S, Schulze, T, Heilbronner, U, Papiol, S, Corbetta, A, Wendtner, C, Spinner, C, Erber, J, Schneider, J, Winter, C, Wiltfang, J, Budde, M, Senner, F, Kalman, J, Protzer, U, Mueller, N, Mousas, A, Liontos, A, Christaki, E, Milionis, H, Tsilidis, K, Asimakopoulos, A, Kanellopoulou, A, Markozannes, G, Biros, D, Milionis, O, Tsourlos, S, Athanasiou, L, Kolios, N, Pappa, C, Papathanasiou, A, Pargana, E, Nasiou, M, Kosmidou, M, Rapti, I, Ntotsikas, E, Chaliasos, K, Ntzani, E, Evangelou, E, Gartzonika, K, Georgiou, I, Tzoulaki, I, Ellinghaus, D, Degenhardt, F, Cáceres, M, Juzenas, S, Lenz, T, Albillos, A, Julià, A, Prati, D, Solligård, E, Garcia, F, Tran, F, Hanses, F, Baselli, G, Zoller, H, Holter, J, Fernández, J, Barretina, J, Valenti, L, Bujanda, L, Buti, M, D’Amato, M, Banales, J, Rosenstiel, P, Koehler, P, Invernizzi, P, de Cid, R, Asselta, R, Schreiber, S, Duga, S, Hehr, U, Franke, A, Maya-Miles, D, Hov, J, Karlsen, T, Folseraas, T, Teles, A, Tanck, A, Gassner, C, Azuure, C, Wacker, E, Uellendahl-Werth, F, Hemmrich-Stanisak, G, Elabd, H, Kässens, J, Arora, J, Lerga-Jaso, J, Wienbrandt, L, Rühlemann, M, Wendorff, M, Figuera Basso, M, Vadla, M, Wittig, M, Braun, N, Lenning, O, Özer, O, Myhre, R, Raychaudhuri, S, Wesse, T, Albrecht, W, Yi, X, Ortiz, A, de Salazar, A, Chercoles, A, Palom, A, Ruiz, A, Garcia-Fernandez, A, Blanco-Grau, A, Mantovani, A, Holten, A, Bandera, A, Cherubini, A, Protti, A, Aghemo, A, Gerussi, A, Ramirez, A, Nebel, A, Barreira, A, Lleo, A, Kildal, A, Biondi, A, Caballero-Garralda, A, Gori, A, Glück, A, Lind, A, Nolla, A, Latiano, A, Fracanzani, A, Peschuck, A, Cavallero, A, Dyrhol-Riise, A, Ruello, A, Muscatello, A, Voza, A, Rando-Segura, A, Solier, A, Cortes, B, Mateos, B, Nafria-Jimenez, B, Schaefer, B, Bellinghausen, C, Ferrando, C, de la Horra, C, Quereda, C, Scollo, C, Lange, C, Hu, C, Paccapelo, C, Angelini, C, Cappadona, C, Bianco, C, Cea, C, Sancho, C, Hoff, D, Galimberti, D, Haschka, D, Jiménez, D, Pestaña, D, Toapanta, D, Muñiz-Diaz, E, Azzolini, E, Sandoval, E, Binatti, E, Scarpini, E, Casalone, E, Urrechaga, E, Paraboschi, E, Pontali, E, Reverter, E, Calderón, E, Navas, E, Contro, E, Arana-Arri, E, Aziz, F, Sánchez, F, Ceriotti, F, Martinelli-Boneschi, F, Peyvandi, F, Blasi, F, Malvestiti, F, Medrano, F, Mesonero, F, Rodriguez-Frias, F, Müller, F, Bellani, G, Pesenti, A, Zanella, A, Grasselli, G, Pezzoli, G, Costantino, G, Albano, G, Cardamone, G, Bellelli, G, Citerio, G, Foti, G, Lamorte, G, Matullo, G, Kurihara, H, Neb, H, My, I, Hernández, I, de Rojas, I, Galván-Femenia, I, Afset, J, Heyckendorf, J, Damås, J, Ampuero, J, Martín, J, Erdmann, J, Badia, J, Dopazo, J, Bergan, J, Quero, J, Goikoetxea, J, Delgado, J, Guerrero, J, Risnes, K, Banasik, K, Müller, K, Gaede, K, Garcia-Etxebarria, K, Tonby, K, Heggelund, L, Bettini, L, Sumoy, L, Terranova, L, Gustad, L, Garbarino, L, Santoro, L, Téllez, L, Roade, L, Ostadreza, M, Intxausti, M, Kogevinas, M, Riveiro-Barciela, M, Schaefer, M, Gutiérrez-Stampa, M, Carrabba, M, Valsecchi, M, Hernandez-Tejero, M, Vehreschild, M, Manunta, M, Acosta-Herrera, M, D’Angiò, M, Baldini, M, Cazzaniga, M, Marquié, M, Castoldi, M, Cecconi, M, Tomasi, M, Boada, M, Joannidis, M, Mazzocco, M, Ciccarelli, M, Rodríguez-Gandía, M, Bocciolone, M, Miozzo, M, Ayo, N, Blay, N, Chueca, N, Montano, N, Martínez, N, Cornely, O, Palmieri, O, Faverio, P, Preatoni, P, Bonfanti, P, Omodei, P, Tentorio, P, Castro, P, Rodrigues, P, Izquierdo-Sanchez, L, España, P, Hoffmann, P, Bacher, P, de Pablo, R, Ferrer, R, Gualtierotti, R, Gallego-Durán, R, Nieto, R, Carpani, R, Morilla, R, Badalamenti, S, Haider, S, Ciesek, S, Bombace, S, Marsal, S, Klein, S, Pelusi, S, Wilfling, S, Goerg, S, Bosari, S, Brunak, S, Heilmann-Heimbach, S, Aliberti, S, Dudman, S, Zheng, T, Bahmer, T, Pumarola, T, Cejudo, T, Rimoldi, V, Monzani, V, Skogen, V, Friaza, V, Andrade, V, Moreno, V, Peter, W, Farre, X, Khodamoradi, Y, Grimsrud, M, May, S, Colombo, A, Virginia, M, Dorador, C, Fuentes-Guajardo, M, Silva, A, Espinosa-Parrilla, Y, Yáñez, C, Retamales-Ortega, R, Saez Hidalgo, J, Tobar-Calfucoy, E, Carvajal-Silva, L, Martínez, M, Cerpa, L, Christian, M, Cappelli, C, Valenzuela-Jorquera, H, Zapata-Contreras, D, Zuñiga-Pacheco, P, Nova-Lamperti, E, Sanhueza, S, Donoso, G, Bocchieri, P, Kochifas, P, Quiñones, L, Pedersen, O, Geller, F, Westergaard, D, Sequeros, C, Nissen, J, Nielsen, S, Feldt-Rasmussen, U, Bliddal, S, Grønbæk, K, Ullum, H, Ostrowski, S, Feenstra, B, Shahin, D, Sobh, A, Shoma, A, Nkambul, L, Elhadidy, T, Abd Elghafar, M, El-Jawhari, J, Mohamed, A, Elnagdy, M, Samir, A, Abdel-Aziz, M, Khafaga, W, El-Lawaty, W, Torky, M, El-Shanshory, M, Elzeiny, A, Rashad, A, Mansour, T, Yassen, A, Hegazy, M, Okasha, K, Eid, M, Hanteera, M, Medina-Gomez, C, Ikram, M, Uitterlinden, A, Ripatti, S, Jermy, B, Ruotsalainen, S, Kristiansson, K, Koskelainen, S, Perola, M, Donner, K, Kivinen, K, Palotie, A, Kaunisto, M, Julienne, H, Aschard, H, Deleuze, J, Debette, S, Tregouet, D, Abel, L, Henches, L, Lefloch, E, Claire, D, Sakuntabhai, A, Bourgeron, T, Olaso, R, Daian, D, Pellegrin, I, Casanova, J, Cobat, A, Jouanguy, E, Zhang, Q, Ghosn, J, Mentré, F, Laouénan, C, Tubiana, S, Chirouze, C, Quintana-Murci, L, Patin, E, Duffy, D, Boland, A, Carreras, A, Galván-Femenía, I, Farré, X, Cortés, B, Mercader, J, Guindo-Martinez, M, Torrents, D, Garcia-Aymerich, J, Castaño-Vinyals, G, Dobaño, C, van Heel, D, Hunt, K, Trembath, R, Jacobs, B, Huang, Q, Martin, H, Mason, D, Trivedi, B, Wright, J, Munisamy, M, Finer, S, Griffiths, C, Mccarthy, M, Rosenberger, C, Lee, J, Chang, D, Hammer, C, Hunkapiller, J, Mahajan, A, Pendergrass, R, Sucheston-Campbell, L, Yaspan, B, Lee, H, Shin, E, Jang, H, Kim, S, Kym, S, Kim, Y, Jeong, H, Kwon, K, Kim, J, Jang, Y, Kim, H, Lee, S, Choe, K, Kang, Y, Jee, S, Jung, K, Park, H, Kim, B, Hwang, M, Yoon, K, Pairo-Castineira, E, Rawlik, K, Caulfield, M, Baillie, J, Griffiths, F, Bretherick, A, Stuckey, A, Odhams, C, Walker, S, Russell, C, Malinauskas, T, Wu, Y, Shen, X, Elliott, K, Morrice, K, Keating, S, Wang, B, Rhodes, D, Klaric, L, Zechner, M, Parkinson, N, Fawkes, A, Murphy, L, Vitart, V, Wilson, J, Yang, J, Scott, R, Moutsianas, L, Law, A, Begg, C, Hendry, S, Hinds, C, Horby, P, Knight, J, Ling, L, Mcauley, D, Millar, J, Montgomery, H, Nichol, A, Openshaw, P, Ponting, C, Rowan, K, Semple, M, Shankar-Hari, M, Summers, C, Walsh, T, Pan, J, Grau, N, Jones, T, Lim, R, Marotti, M, Whitton, C, Bociek, A, Campos, S, Arbane, G, Ostermann, M, Cha, M, Damato, F, Kosifidou, E, Lorah, S, Morera, K, Brady, L, Hugill, K, Henning, J, Bonner, S, Headlam, E, Jones, J, List, A, Morley, J, Welford, A, Kamangu, B, Ratnakumar, A, Shoremekun, A, Alldis, Z, Astin-Chamberlain, R, Bibi, F, Biddle, J, Blow, S, Bolton, M, Borra, C, Bowles, R, Burton, M, Choudhury, Y, Cox, A, Easthope, A, Ebano, P, Fotiadis, S, Gurasashvili, J, Halls, R, Hartridge, P, Kallon, D, Kassam, J, Lancoma-Malcolm, I, Matharu, M, May, P, Mitchelmore, O, Newman, T, Patel, M, Pheby, J, Pinzuti, I, Prime, Z, Prysyazhna, O, Shiel, J, Taylor, M, Tierney, C, Zongo, O, Wood, S, Zak, A, Collier, D, Mundy, M, Thompson, C, Pritchard, L, Gellamucho, M, Cartlidge, D, Bandla, N, Bailey, L, Davies, M, Delaney, J, Scott, L, Abdelrazik, M, Alasdair, F, Carter, D, Elhassan, M, Ganesan, A, Jenkins, S, Lamond, Z, Purohit, D, Rohit, K, Saleem, M, Wall, A, Xavier, K, Bakthavatsalam, D, Gehad, K, Gnanapragasam, P, Jain, K, Jain, S, Malik, A, Pappachan, N, Moreno-Cuesta, J, Haldeos, A, Vincent, R, Oziegb, M, Cavazza, A, Cockrell, M, Corcoran, E, Depante, M, Finney, C, Jerome, E, Knighton, A, Nayak, M, Pappa, E, Saha, R, Saha, S, Dodd, A, O’Reilly, K, Mcphail, M, Clarey, E, Noble, H, Smith, J, Coghlan, P, Brett, S, Gordon, A, Templeton, M, Antcliffe, D, Banach, D, Darnell, S, Fernandez, Z, Jepson, E, Mohammed, A, Rojo, R, Arias, S, Gurung, A, Wong, J, Fernandez-Roman, J, Hamilton, D, Johnston, B, Martinez, M, Mulla, S, Waite, A, Williams, K, Waugh, V, Welters, I, Emblem, J, Norris, M, Bashyal, A, Beer, S, Hutton, P, Mckechnie, S, Davidson, N, Mathew, S, Readion, G, Ryu, J, Agrawal, S, Elston, K, Jones, M, Meaney, E, Polgarova, P, Elbehery, M, Daubney, E, Ng, A, Marshall, J, Pathan, N, Stroud, K, White, D, Andrew, A, Ashraf, S, Clark, A, Dent, M, Langley, M, Peters, C, Ryan, L, Sampson, J, Wei, S, Baddeley, A, Meredith, M, Morris, L, Gibbons, A, Mcloughlin, L, Delgado, C, Clark, V, Dawson, D, Ding, L, Durrant, G, Ezeobu, O, Harrison, A, Hurt, W, Kanu, R, Kinch, A, Leaver, S, Lisboa, A, Mathew, J, Patel, K, Saluzzio, R, Rawlins, J, Samakomva, T, Shah, N, Sicat, C, Texeira, J, Queiroz, J, Gloria, E, Maccacari, E, Yun, N, Manna, S, Farnell-Ward, S, Maizcordoba, M, Thanasi, M, Ali, H, Hastings, J, Grauslyte, L, Hussain, M, Ruge, B, King, S, Pogreban, T, Rosaroso, L, Smith, H, Phull, M, Adams, N, Franke, G, George, A, Salciute, E, Dunne, K, Flower, L, Sharland, E, Sra, S, Andrew, G, Callaghan, M, Barclay, L, Marshall, L, Amamio, M, Birch, S, Briton, K, Clark, S, Doverman, K, Hope, D, Mcculloch, C, Simpson, S, Singleton, J, Fernandez, R, Allen, M, Baptista, D, Crowe, R, Fox, J, Khera, J, Loveridge, A, Mckenley, I, Morino, E, Naranjo, A, O’Connor, D, Simms, R, Sollesta, K, Swain, A, Venkatesh, H, Herdman-Grant, R, Joseph, A, Nown, A, Rose, S, Pogson, D, Boxall, H, Brimfield, L, Claridge, H, Daly, Z, George, S, Gribbin, A, Cheema, Y, Cutler, S, Richards, O, Roynon-Reed, A, Cherian, S, Heron, A, Williams, G, Szakmany, T, Waters, A, Collins, K, Dunhill, J, Jones, F, Morris, R, Ship, L, Cardwell, A, Ali, S, Bhatterjee, R, Bolton, R, Chukkambotla, S, Coleman, D, Dalziel, J, Dykes, J, Fine, C, Gay, B, Goddard, W, Goodchild, D, Harling, R, Hijazi, M, Keith, S, Khan, M, Matt, R, Ryan-Smith, J, Saad, S, Springle, P, Thomas, J, Truman, N, Kazi, A, Smith, M, Collier, H, Davison, C, Duberley, S, Hargreaves, J, Hartley, J, Patel, T, Smith, E, Kent, A, Goodwin, E, Zaki, A, Tibke, C, Hopkins, S, Gerrard, H, Jackson, M, Bennett, S, Marsh, L, Mills, R, Bell, J, Campbell, H, Dawson, A, Dodds, S, Duffy, S, Gallagher, L, Mccafferty, G, Short, S, Smith, T, Thomas, K, Walker, C, Reynolds, J, Yates, B, Mckie, H, Panteli, M, Thompson, M, Waddell, G, Beger, S, Abraheem, A, Dunmore, C, Girach, R, Jones, R, London, E, Nagra, I, Nasir, F, Sainsbury, H, Smedley, C, Brearey, S, Burchett, C, Cawley, K, Faulkner, M, Jeffrey, H, Bamford, P, Shaikh, F, Slack, L, Davies, A, Brooke, H, Suarez, J, Charlesworth, R, Hansson, K, Norris, J, Poole, A, Sandhu, R, Smithson, E, Thirumaran, M, Wagstaff, V, Buckley, S, Sloan, B, Rose, A, Major, A, Metcalfe, A, Almaden-Boyle, C, Austin, P, Chapman, S, Eros, A, Cabrelli, L, Cole, S, Whyte, C, Casey, M, Bafitis, V, Tsinaslanidis, G, George, C, Khade, R, Black, C, Ashok, S, Farley, S, Brinkworth, E, Harford, R, Murphy, C, Williams, M, Newey, L, Toghill, H, Lewis, S, Rees, T, Battle, C, Baker, M, Travers, J, 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M., Allen, Upton, Cheung, Angela M., Herridge, Margaret S., Hunt, Miranda, Lerner-Ellis, Jordan, Taher, Jennifer, Parekh, Rulan S., Hiraki, Linda T., Cowan, Juthaporn, Ducharme, Francine M., Ostrowski, Mario, Bernier, Francois P., Kellner, Jim, Garg, Elika, Yoo, Samantha, Vlasschaert, Caitlyn, Frangione, Erika, Chung, Monica, Noor, Abdul, Greenfeld, Elena, Colwill, Karen, Clausen, Marc, Chao, Gary, Yue, FengYun, Fritzler, Marvin, Whitney, Joseph, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, Garant, Jean-Michel, Abraham, Rohan, Davis, Adrienne, Campigotto, Aaron, Papenburg, Jesse, Niranjan, Kissoon, Betschel, Stephen, Sadarangani, Manish, Barton-Forbes, Michelle, Hanley, Michaela, Fung, Chun Yiu Jordan, Lapadula, Elisa, MacDonald, Georgia, Puopolo, Michael, Kaushik, Deepanjali, Nirmalanathan, Konika, Wong, Iris, Khan, Zeeshan, Zarei, Natasha, Michalowska, Maria, Modi, Bhavi P., Persia, Pourshahnazari, Estacio, Antonio, Buchholz, Megan, Cheatley, Patti Lou, Lorenti, Miranda, Aman, Nowrin F., Matveev, Vitaliy, Budylowski, Patrick, Upton, Julia, Morris, Shaun, Boyd, Tracy, Chowdhary, Sunakshi, Casalino, Selina, Morgan, Gregory, Mighton, Chloe, McGeer, Allison, Mazzulli, Tony, McLeod, Shelley L., Binnie, Alexandra, Faghfoury, Hanna, Chertkow, Howard, Racher, Hilary, Serbanescu, Mihaela A., Pavenski, Katerina, Esser, Michael, Thompson, Graham, Herbrick, Jo-Anne, Gignoux, Christopher R., Wicks, Stephen J., Crooks, Kristy, Barnes, Kathleen C., Daya, Michelle, Shortt, Jonathan, Rafaels, Nicholas, Chavan, Sameer, Schulze, Thomas G., Heilbronner, Urs, Papiol, Sergi, Corbetta, Andrea, Wendtner, Clemens M., Spinner, Christoph D., Erber, Johanna, Schneider, Jochen, Winter, Christof, Wiltfang, Jens, Budde, Monika, Senner, Fanny, Kalman, Janos L., Protzer, Ulrike, Mueller, Nikola S., Mousas, Abdou, Liontos, Angelos, Christaki, Eirini, Milionis, Haralampos, Tsilidis, Konstantinos, Asimakopoulos, Alexandros, Kanellopoulou, Afroditi, Markozannes, Georgios, Biros, Dimitrios, Milionis, Orestis, Tsourlos, Stavros, Athanasiou, Lazaros, Kolios, Nikolaos-Gavriil, Pappa, Christiana, Papathanasiou, Alexandros, Pargana, Eleni, Nasiou, Maria, Kosmidou, Maria, Rapti, Iro, Ntotsikas, Evangelos, Chaliasos, Konstantinos, Ntzani, Evangelia, Evangelou, Evangelos, Gartzonika, Konstantina, Georgiou, Ioannis, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Ellinghaus, David, Degenhardt, Frauke, Cáceres, Mario, Juzenas, Simonas, Lenz, Tobias L., Albillos, Agustín, Julià, Antonio, Prati, Daniele, Solligård, Erik, Garcia, Federico, Tran, Florian, Hanses, Frank, Baselli, Guido, Zoller, Heinz, Holter, Jan Cato, Fernández, Javier, Barretina, Jordi, Valenti, Luca, Bujanda, Luis, Buti, Maria, D’Amato, Mauro, Banales, Jesus M., Rosenstiel, Philip, Koehler, Philipp, Invernizzi, Pietro, de Cid, Rafael, Asselta, Rosanna, Schreiber, Stefan, Duga, Stefano, Hehr, Ute, Franke, Andre, Maya-Miles, Douglas, Hov, Johannes R., Karlsen, Tom H., Folseraas, Trine, Teles, Ana, Tanck, Anja, Gassner, Christoph, Azuure, Clinton, Wacker, Eike Matthias, Uellendahl-Werth, Florian, Hemmrich-Stanisak, Georg, ElAbd, Hesham, Kässens, Jan, Arora, Jatin, Lerga-Jaso, Jon, Wienbrandt, Lars, Rühlemann, Malte Christoph, Wendorff, Mareike, Figuera Basso, Maria E., Vadla, May Sissel, Wittig, Michael, Braun, Nicole, Lenning, Ole Bernt, Özer, Onur, Myhre, Ronny, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, Wesse, Tanja, Albrecht, Wolfgang, Yi, Xiaoli, Ortiz, Aaron Blandino, de Salazar, Adolfo, Chercoles, Adolfo Garrido, Palom, Adriana, Ruiz, Agustín, Garcia-Fernandez, Alba-Estela, Blanco-Grau, Albert, Mantovani, Alberto, Holten, Aleksander Rygh, Bandera, Alessandra, Cherubini, Alessandro, Protti, Alessandro, Aghemo, Alessio, Gerussi, Alessio, Ramirez, Alfredo, Nebel, Almut, Barreira, Ana, Lleo, Ana, Kildal, Anders Benjamin, Biondi, Andrea, Caballero-Garralda, Andrea, Gori, Andrea, Glück, Andreas, Lind, Andreas, Nolla, Anna Carreras, Latiano, Anna, Fracanzani, Anna Ludovica, Peschuck, Anna, Cavallero, Annalisa, Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma, Ruello, Antonella, Muscatello, Antonio, Voza, Antonio, Rando-Segura, Ariadna, Solier, Aurora, Cortes, Beatriz, Mateos, Beatriz, Nafria-Jimenez, Beatriz, Schaefer, Benedikt, Bellinghausen, Carla, Ferrando, Carlos, de la Horra, Carmen, Quereda, Carmen, Scollo, Chiara, Lange, Christoph, Hu, Cinzia, Paccapelo, Cinzia, Angelini, Claudio, Cappadona, Claudio, Bianco, Cristiana, Cea, Cristina, Sancho, Cristina, Hoff, Dag Arne Lihaug, Galimberti, Daniela, Haschka, David, Jiménez, David, Pestaña, David, Toapanta, David, Muñiz-Diaz, Eduardo, Azzolini, Elena, Sandoval, Elena, Binatti, Eleonora, Scarpini, Elio, Casalone, Elisabetta, Urrechaga, Eloisa, Paraboschi, Elvezia Maria, Pontali, Emanuele, Reverter, Enric, Calderón, Enrique J., Navas, Enrique, Contro, Ernesto, Arana-Arri, Eunate, Aziz, Fátima, Sánchez, Félix García, Ceriotti, Ferruccio, Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo, Peyvandi, Flora, Blasi, Francesco, Malvestiti, Francesco, Medrano, Francisco J., Mesonero, Francisco, Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco, Müller, Fredrik, Bellani, Giacomo, Pesenti, Antonio, Zanella, Alberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, Pezzoli, Gianni, Costantino, Giorgio, Albano, Giovanni, Cardamone, Giulia, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Citerio, Giuseppe, Foti, Giuseppe, Lamorte, Giuseppe, Matullo, Giuseppe, Kurihara, Hayato, Neb, Holger, My, Ilaria, Hernández, Isabel, de Rojas, Itziar, Galván-Femenia, Iván, Afset, Jan Egil, Heyckendorf, Jan, Damås, Jan Kristian, Ampuero, Javier, Martín, Javier, Erdmann, Jeanette, Badia, Joan Ramon, Dopazo, Joaquin, Bergan, Jonas, Quero, Jose Hernández, Goikoetxea, Josune, Delgado, Juan, Guerrero, Juan M., Risnes, Kari, Banasik, Karina, Müller, Karl Erik, Gaede, Karoline I., Garcia-Etxebarria, Koldo, Tonby, Kristian, Heggelund, Lars, Bettini, Laura Rachele, Sumoy, Lauro, Terranova, Leonardo, Gustad, Lise Tuset, Garbarino, Lucia, Santoro, Luigi, Téllez, Luis, Roade, Luisa, Ostadreza, Mahnoosh, Intxausti, Maider, Kogevinas, Manolis, Riveiro-Barciela, Mar, Schaefer, Marco, Gutiérrez-Stampa, María A., Carrabba, Maria, Valsecchi, Maria G., Hernandez-Tejero, María, Vehreschild, Maria J. G. T., Manunta, Maria, Acosta-Herrera, Marialbert, D’Angiò, Mariella, Baldini, Marina, Cazzaniga, Marina, Marquié, Marta, Castoldi, Massimo, Cecconi, Maurizio, Tomasi, Melissa, Boada, Mercè, Joannidis, Michael, Mazzocco, Michela, Ciccarelli, Michele, Rodríguez-Gandía, Miguel, Bocciolone, Monica, Miozzo, Monica, Ayo, Natale Imaz, Blay, Natalia, Chueca, Natalia, Montano, Nicola, Martínez, Nilda, Cornely, Oliver A., Palmieri, Orazio, Faverio, Paola, Preatoni, Paoletta, Bonfanti, Paolo, Omodei, Paolo, Tentorio, Paolo, Castro, Pedro, Rodrigues, Pedro M., Izquierdo-Sanchez, Laura, España, Pedro Pablo, Hoffmann, Per, Bacher, Petra, de Pablo, Raúl, Ferrer, Ricard, Gualtierotti, Roberta, Gallego-Durán, Rocío, Nieto, Rosa, Carpani, Rossana, Morilla, Rubén, Badalamenti, Salvatore, Haider, Sammra, Ciesek, Sandra, Bombace, Sara, Marsal, Sara, Klein, Sebastian, Pelusi, Serena, Wilfling, Sibylle, Goerg, Siegfried, Bosari, Silvano, Brunak, Søren, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Aliberti, Stefano, Dudman, Susanne, Zheng, Tenghao, Bahmer, Thomas, Pumarola, Tomas, Cejudo, Trinidad Gonzalez, Rimoldi, Valeria, Monzani, Valter, Skogen, Vegard, Friaza, Vicente, Andrade, Victor, Moreno, Victor, Peter, Wolfgang, Farre, Xavier, Khodamoradi, Yascha, Grimsrud, Marit M., May, Sandra, Colombo, Alicia, Virginia, Monardes-Ramírez A., Dorador, Cristina, Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena, Silva, Andrea X., Espinosa-Parrilla, Yolanda, Yáñez, Cristian E., Retamales-Ortega, Rocío M., Saez Hidalgo, Juan M., Tobar-Calfucoy, Eduardo A., Carvajal-Silva, Laura, Martínez, Matías F., Cerpa, Leslie C., Christian, Muñoz A., Cappelli, Claudio, Valenzuela-Jorquera, Hector, Zapata-Contreras, Daniela, Zuñiga-Pacheco, Paula, Nova-Lamperti, Estefania A., Sanhueza, Sergio A., Donoso, Gerardo, Bocchieri, Pamela, Kochifas, Pia, Quiñones, Luis A., Pedersen, Ole Birger, Geller, Frank, Westergaard, David, Sequeros, Celia Burgos, Nissen, Janna, Nielsen, Susanne Dam, Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla, Bliddal, Sofie, Grønbæk, Kirsten, Ullum, Henrik, Ostrowski, Sisse Rye, Feenstra, Bjarke, Shahin, Doaa, Sobh, Ali, Shoma, Ashraf, Nkambul, Lindokuhle, Elhadidy, Tamer A., Abd Elghafar, Mohamed S., El-Jawhari, Jehan J., Mohamed, Attia A. S., Elnagdy, Marwa H., Samir, Amr, Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud, Khafaga, Walid T., El-Lawaty, Walaa M., Torky, Mohamed S., El-Shanshory, Mohamed R., Elzeiny, Ahmed, Rashad, Amal, Mansour, Tamer A., Yassen, Amr M., Hegazy, Mohamed A. F., Okasha, Kamal, Eid, Mohammed A., Hanteera, Moahmed S., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Ikram, M. Arfan, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Ripatti, Samuli, Jermy, Bradley, Ruotsalainen, Sanni, Kristiansson, Kati, Koskelainen, Sami, Perola, Markus, Donner, Kati, Kivinen, Katja, Palotie, Aarno, Kaunisto, Mari, Julienne, Hanna, Aschard, Hugues, Deleuze, Jean-Francois, Debette, Stephanie, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Abel, Laurent, Henches, Léo, Lefloch, Edith, Claire, Dandine-Roulland, Sakuntabhai, Anavaj, Bourgeron, Thomas, Olaso, Robert, Daian, Delphine Bacq, Pellegrin, Isabelle, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Cobat, Aurélie, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Zhang, Qian, Ghosn, Jade, Mentré, France, Laouénan, Cédric, Tubiana, Sarah, Chirouze, Catherine, Quintana-Murci, Luis, Patin, Etienne, Duffy, Darragh, Boland, Anne, Carreras, Anna, Galván-Femenía, Iván, Farré, Xavier, Cortés, Beatriz, Mercader, Josep Maria, Guindo-Martinez, Marta, Torrents, David, Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma, Dobaño, Carlota, van Heel, David A., Hunt, Karen A., Trembath, Richard C., Jacobs, Benjamin Meir, Huang, Qin Qin, Martin, Hilary C., Mason, Dan, Trivedi, Bhavi, Wright, John, Munisamy, Malathy, Finer, Sarah, Griffiths, Christopher J., McCarthy, Mark I., Rosenberger, Carrie, Lee, Jong Eun, Chang, Diana, Hammer, Christian, Hunkapiller, Julie, Mahajan, Anubha, Pendergrass, Rion, Sucheston-Campbell, Lara, Yaspan, Brian, Lee, Hyun Soo, Shin, Eunsoon, Jang, Hye Yoon, Kim, Sunmie, Kym, Sungmin, Kim, Yeon-Sook, Jeong, Hyeongseok, Kwon, Ki Tae, Kim, Shin-Woo, Kim, Jin Yong, Jang, Young Rock, Kim, Hyun ah, Lee, Ji yeon, Lee, Jeong Eun, Lee, Shinwon, Choe, Kang-Won, Kang, Yu Min, Jee, Sun Ha, Jung, Keum Ji, Park, Hyun-Young, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Young Jin, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Yoon, Kyungheon, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Rawlik, Konrad, Caulfield, Mark J., Baillie, J. Kenneth, Griffiths, Fiona, Bretherick, Andrew D., Stuckey, Alex, Odhams, Christopher A., Walker, Susan, Russell, Clark D., Malinauskas, Tomas, Wu, Yang, Shen, Xia, Elliott, Katherine S., Morrice, Kirstie, Keating, Sean, Wang, Bo, Rhodes, Daniel, Klaric, Lucija, Zechner, Marie, Parkinson, Nick, Fawkes, Angie, Murphy, Lee, Vitart, Veronique, Wilson, James F., Yang, Jian, Scott, Richard H., Moutsianas, Loukas, Law, Andy, Begg, Colin, Hendry, Sara Clohisey, Hinds, Charles, Horby, Peter, Knight, Julian, Ling, Lowell, Maslove, David, McAuley, Danny, Millar, Johnny, Montgomery, Hugh, Nichol, Alistair, Openshaw, Peter J. M., Ponting, Chris P., Rowan, Kathy, Semple, Malcolm G., Shankar-Hari, Manu, Summers, Charlotte, Walsh, Timothy, Pan, Jacqueline, Grau, Neus, Jones, Tim Owen, Lim, Rosario, Marotti, Martina, Whitton, Christopher, Bociek, Aneta, Campos, Sara, Arbane, Gill, Ostermann, Marlies, Cha, Mina, DAmato, Fabiola, Kosifidou, Eirini, Lorah, Shelley, Morera, Kyma, Brady, Laura, Hugill, Keith, Henning, Jeremy, Bonner, Stephen, Headlam, Evie, Jones, Jessica, List, Abigail, Morley, Joanne, Welford, Amy, Kamangu, Bobette, Ratnakumar, Anitha, Shoremekun, Abiola, Alldis, Zoe, Astin-Chamberlain, Raine, Bibi, Fatima, Biddle, Jack, Blow, Sarah, Bolton, Matthew, Borra, Catherine, Bowles, Ruth, Burton, Maudrian, Choudhury, Yasmin, Cox, Amber, Easthope, Amy, Ebano, Patrizia, Fotiadis, Stavros, Gurasashvili, Jana, Halls, Rosslyn, Hartridge, Pippa, Kallon, Delordson, Kassam, Jamila, Lancoma-Malcolm, Ivone, Matharu, Maninderpal, May, Peter, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Newman, Tabitha, Patel, Mital, Pheby, Jane, Pinzuti, Irene, Prime, Zoe, Prysyazhna, Oleksandra, Shiel, Julian, Taylor, Melanie, Tierney, Carey, Zongo, Olivier, Wood, Suzanne, Zak, Anne, Collier, David, Mundy, Manuela, Thompson, Christopher, Pritchard, Lisa, Gellamucho, Minnie, Cartlidge, David, Bandla, Nageswar, Bailey, Lucy, Davies, Michelle, Delaney, Jane, Scott, Leanne, Abdelrazik, Marwa, Alasdair, Frater, Carter, David, Elhassan, Munzir, Ganesan, Arunkumar, Jenkins, Samuel, Lamond, Zoe, Purohit, Dharam, Rohit, Kumar, Saleem, Malik, Wall, Alanna, Xavier, Kugan, Bakthavatsalam, Dhanalaksmi, Gehad, Kirolos, Gnanapragasam, Pakeerathan, Jain, Kapil, Jain, Swati, Malik, Abdul, Pappachan, Naveen, Moreno-Cuesta, Jeronimo, Haldeos, Anne, Vincent, Rachel, Oziegb, Maryjane, Cavazza, Anna, Cockrell, Maeve, Corcoran, Eleanor, Depante, Maria, Finney, Clare, Jerome, Ellen, Knighton, Abigail, Nayak, Monalisa, Pappa, Evita, Saha, Rohit, Saha, Sian, Dodd, Andrew, O’Reilly, Kevin, McPhail, Mark, Clarey, Emma, Noble, Harriet, Smith, John, Coghlan, Phoebe, Brett, Stephen, Gordon, Anthony, Templeton, Maie, Antcliffe, David, Banach, Dorota, Darnell, Sarah, Fernandez, Ziortza, Jepson, Eleanor, Mohammed, Amal, Rojo, Roceld, Arias, Sonia Sousa, Gurung, Anita Tamang, Wong, Jenny, Fernandez-Roman, Jaime, Hamilton, David O., Johnson, Emily, Johnston, Brian, Martinez, Maria Lopez, Mulla, Suleman, Waite, Alicia A. C., Williams, Karen, Waugh, Victoria, Welters, Ingeborg, Emblem, Jessica, Norris, Maria, Shaw, David, Bashyal, Archana, Beer, Sally, Hutton, Paula, McKechnie, Stuart, Davidson, Neil, Mathew, Soya, Readion, Grace, Ryu, Jung, Wilson, Jean, Agrawal, Shruti, Elston, Kay, Jones, Megan, Meaney, Eoghan, Polgarova, Petra, Elbehery, Muhammad, Daubney, Esther, Ng, Anthony, Marshall, Jocelyn, Pathan, Nazima, Stroud, Katerina, White, Deborah, Andrew, Angela, Ashraf, Saima, Clark, Amy, Dent, Martin, Langley, Margaret, Peters, Cecilia, Ryan, Lucy, Sampson, Julia, Wei, Shuying, Baddeley, Alice, Meredith, Megan, Morris, Lucy, Gibbons, Alexandra, McLoughlin, Lisa, Delgado, Carlos Castro, Clark, Victoria, Dawson, Deborah, Ding, Lijun, Durrant, Georgia, Ezeobu, Obiageri, Harrison, Abiola, Hurt, William James, Kanu, Rebecca, Kinch, Ashley, Leaver, Susannah, Lisboa, Ana, Mathew, Jisha, Patel, Kamal, Saluzzio, Romina Pepermans, Rawlins, John, Samakomva, Tinashe, Shah, Nirav, Sicat, Christine, Texeira, Joana, Queiroz, Joana Gomes De, Gloria, Edna Fernandes Da, Maccacari, Elena, Yun, Nikki, Manna, Soumendu, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Maizcordoba, Maria, Thanasi, Maria, Ali, Hawakin Haji, Hastings, Janice, Grauslyte, Lina, Hussain, Musarat, Ruge, Bobby, King, Sam, Pogreban, Tatiana, Rosaroso, Lace, Smith, Helen, Phull, Mandeep-Kaur, Adams, Nikkita, Franke, George, George, Aparna, Salciute, Erika, Wong, Joanna, Dunne, Karen, Flower, Luke, Sharland, Emma, Sra, Sukhmani, Andrew, Gillian, Callaghan, Marie, Barclay, Lucy, Marshall, Lucy, Amamio, Maria, Birch, Sophie, Briton, Kate, Clark, Sarah, Doverman, Katerine, Hope, Dave, Mcculloch, Corrienne, Simpson, Scott, Singleton, Jo, Fernandez, Rita, Allen, Meryem, Baptista, David, Crowe, Rebecca, Fox, Jonathan, Khera, Jacyntha, Loveridge, Adam, McKenley, India, Morino, Eriko, Naranjo, Andres, O’Connor, Denise, Simms, Richard, Sollesta, Kathryn, Swain, Andrew, Venkatesh, Harish, Herdman-Grant, Rosie, Joseph, Anna, Nown, Angela, Rose, Steve, Pogson, David, Boxall, Helen, Brimfield, Lutece, Claridge, Helen, Daly, Zoe, George, Shenu, Gribbin, Andrew, Cheema, Yusuf, Cutler, Sean, Richards, Owen, Roynon-Reed, Anna, Cherian, Shiney, Heron, Anne Emma, Williams, Gemma, Szakmany, Tamas, Waters, Abby, Collins, Kim, Dunhill, Jill, Jones, Ffion, Morris, Rebecca, Ship, Lucy, Cardwell, Amy, Ali, Syamlan, Bhatterjee, Ravi, Bolton, Rachel, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Coleman, Dabheoc, Dalziel, Jack, Dykes, Joseph, Fine, Christopher, Gay, Bethan, Goddard, Wendy, Goodchild, Drew, Harling, Rhiannan, Hijazi, Muhammad, Keith, Sarah, Khan, Meherunnisa, Matt, Roseanna, Ryan-Smith, Janet, Saad, Samuel, Springle, Philippa, Thomas, Jacqueline, Truman, Nick, Kazi, Aayesha, Smith, Matthew, Collier, Heather, Davison, Chloe, Duberley, Stephen, Hargreaves, Jeanette, Hartley, Janice, Patel, Tahera, Smith, Ellen, Kent, Alissa, Goodwin, Emma, Zaki, Ahmed, Tibke, Clare, Hopkins, Susan, Gerrard, Hywel, Jackson, Matthew, Bennett, Sara, Marsh, Liane, Mills, Rebecca, Bell, Jessica, Campbell, Helen, Dawson, Angela, Dodds, Steve, Duffy, Stacey, Gallagher, Lisa, McCafferty, Gemma, Short, Stacey, Smith, Tracy, Thomas, Kirsty, Walker, Claire, Reynolds, Jessica, Yates, Bryan, McKie, Hayley, Panteli, Maria, Thompson, Maria, Waddell, Gail, Beger, Sarah De, Abraheem, Azmerelda, Dunmore, Charlie, Girach, Rumanah, Jones, Rhianna, London, Emily, Nagra, Imrun, Nasir, Farah, Sainsbury, Hannah, Smedley, Clare, Brearey, Stephen, Burchett, Caroline, Cawley, Kathryn, Faulkner, Maria, Jeffrey, Helen, Bamford, Peter, Shaikh, Firdaus, Slack, Lauren, Davies, Angela, Brooke, Hollie, Suarez, Jose Cebrian, Charlesworth, Ruth, Hansson, Karen, Norris, John, Poole, Alice, Sandhu, Rajdeep, Smithson, Elizabeth, Thirumaran, Muthu, Wagstaff, Veronica, Buckley, Sarah, Sloan, Brendan, Rose, Alastair, Major, Amy, Metcalfe, Alexandra, Almaden-Boyle, Christine, Austin, Pauline, Chapman, Susan, Eros, Alexandre, Cabrelli, Louise, Cole, Stephen, Whyte, Clare, Casey, Matt, Bafitis, Vasileios, Tsinaslanidis, George, George, Cassandra, Khade, Reena, Black, Christopher, Ashok, Sundar Raj, Farley, Sean, Brinkworth, Elaine, Harford, Rachel, Murphy, Carl, Williams, Marie, Newey, Luke, Toghill, Hannah, Lewis, Sophie, Rees, Tabitha, Battle, Ceri, Baker, Mark, Travers, Jenny, Chesters, Karen, Baxter, Nicola, Arnott, Andrew, McCreath, Gordan, McParland, Christopher, Rooney, Laura, Sim, Malcolm, Henderson, Steven, Abel, Lynn, Dalton, Carol, Kennedy-Hay, Sophie, O’Donohoe, Lynn, O’Hare, Megan, Orlikowska, Izabela, Parker, Natasha, McNeela, Fiona, Lyle, Amanda, Hughes, Alistair, Radhakrishnan, Jayachandran, Gibson, Sian, Bancroft, Hollie, Bellamy, Mary, Daglish, Jacqueline, Kadiri, Salma, Moore, Faye, Rhodes, Joanne, Sangombe, Mirriam, Peterkin, Zhane, Scriven, James, Carmody, Margaret, Cottle, Juliet, Peasgood, Emily, de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Phillips, Claire, Skinner, Denise, Cinquina, Zoe, Howard, Kate, Joy, Rosie, Roche, Samantha, Birkinshaw, Isobel, Carter, Joseph, Ingham, Jo, Marshall, Nicola, Pearson, Harriet, Scott, Zoe, Dasgin, Jo, Gill, Jaspret, Nilsson, Annette, Bamford, Amy, Hull, Diana, Ahmadhaider, Nafeesah, Bates, Michelle, McGhee, Christopher, Ellis, Hannah, Howe, Gwenllian Sera, Singh, Jayaprakash, Stroud, Natalie, Roche, Lisa, Lynch, Ceri, Deacon, Bethan, Pothecary, Carla, Smeaton, Justyna, Agravante, Kevin, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Diaba, Cynthia, John, Lincy, Lim, Lai, Jha, Rajeev, Egan, Jasmine, Felton, Timothy, Glasgow, Susannah, Padden, Grace, Choudhr, Ozerah, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Moss, Stuart, Lingeswaran, Saejohn, Alexander, Peter, Brandwood, Craig, Fiouni, Sofia, Ward, Luke, Allen, Schvearn, Shaw, Jane, Smith, Christopher, Adanini, Oluronke, Collins, Rebecca, Msiska, Maines, Ofori, Linda, Bhatia, Nikhil, Dolan, Hayley, Brunton, Mark, Caterson, Jess, Coles, Holly, Keating, Liza, Tilney, Emma, Jacques, Nicola, Frise, Matthew, Armistead, Jennifer, Bartley, Shauna, Bhuie, Parminder, Rai, Sabi, Tomkova, Gabriela, Greer, Sandra, Shuker, Karen, Tridente, Ascanio, Dobson, Emma, Hunt, Jodie, Tully, Redmond, Dearden, Joy, Drummond, Andrew, Kamath, Prakash, Bullock, Emily, Mulcahy, Michelle, Munt, Shelia, O’Connor, Grainne, Philbin, Jennifer, Rishton, Chloe, Scott, Chloe, Winnard, Sarah, Hasni, Nurkamalia, Gascoyne, Rachel, Hawes, Joanne, Pritchard, Kelly, Stevenson, Lesley, Whileman, Amanda, Beavis, Sarah, Bishop, Lauren, Cart, Cindy, Dale, Katie, Kelly-Baxter, Mary, Mendelski, Adam, Moakes, Emma, Smith, Rheanna, Woodward, Jan, Wright, Stephanie, Allan, Angela, Botello, Adriana, Liew, Jade, Medhora, Jasmine, Trumper, Erin, Savage, Felicity, Scott, Teresa, Place, Marc, Kaye, Callum, Benyon, Sarah, Marriott, Suzie, Park, Linda, Quinn, Helen, Skyes, Daisy, Zitter, Lily, Baines, Kizzy, Gordon, Elizabeth, Keenan, Samantha, Pitt, Andrew, Duffy, Katharine, Ireland, Jane, Semple, Gary, Turner, Lynne, Cathcart, Susanne, Rimmer, Dominic, Puxty, Alex, Puxty, Kathryn, Hurst, Andrew, Miller, Jennifer, Speirs, Susan, Walker, Lauren, Bradshaw, Zena, Brown, Joanna, Melling, Sarah, Preston, Stephen, Slawson, Nicola, Warden, Scott, Beasley, Alanna, Stoddard, Emma, Benham, Leonie, Cupitt, Jason, Caswell, Melanie, Elawamy, Lisa, Wignall, Ashleigh, Roberts, Belinda, Golding, Hannah, Leggett, Samantha, Male, Michelle, Marani, Martyna, Prager, Kirsty, Williams, Toran, Golder, Kim, Jones, Oliver, Cusack, Rebecca, Bolger, Clare, Burnish, Rachel, Carter, Michael, Jackson, Susan, Salmon, Karen, Biss, Jonathan, Aquino, Maia, Croft, Maria, Frost, Victoria, White, Ian, Govender, Keshnie, Webb, Natasha, Stapleton, Liana, Wells, Colin, Nikitas, Nikitas, Sanchez - Rodriguez, Ana, Spencer, Kayleigh, Stowe, Bethan, Izzard, Yvonne, Poole, Michelle, Monnery, Sonja, Trotman, Sallyanne, Beech, Valerie, Combes, Edward, Joefield, Teishel, Covernton, Patrick, Savage, Sarah, Woodward, Elizabeth, Camsooksai, Julie, Reschreiter, Henrik, Barclay, Charlotte, DeAth, Yasmin, Dube, Judith, Humphrey, Charlotte, Jenkins, Sarah, Langridge, Emma, Milne, Rebecca, Wadams, Beverley, Woolcock, Megan, Brett, Michael, Digby, Brian, Gemmell, Lisa, Hornsby, James, MacGoey, Patrick, O’Neil, Pauline, Price, Richard, Sundaram, Radha, Rodden, Natalie, Thomson, Nicola, Rooney, Kevin, Currie, Susan, Henderson, Philip, Ogg, Bethan, Whiteley, Simon, Wilby, Liz, Long, Kate, Matthew, Shailamma, Salada, Sheila, Trott, Susan, Watts, Sarah, Friar, Zoe, Speight, Abigail, Bastion, Victoria, Chandna, Humza, Djeugam, Brice, Haseeb, Muhammad, Kent, Harriet, Lubimbi, Gamu, Murdoch, Sophie, Thomas, Alastair, David, Beena, Lorusso, Rachel, Vochin, Ana, Penacerrada, Melchizedek, Wulandari, Retno, Heath, Charlotte, Jakkula, Srinivas, Morris, Anna, Ahmed, Ashar, Nune, Arvind, Buttriss, Claire, Whitaker, Emma, Davey, Miriam, Golden, David, Acklery, Amy, Fernandes, Fabio, Seaman, Bec, Earl, Victoria, Collins, Amy, Khaliq, Waqas, Adam, Rachel, Treus, Estefania, Holland, Sarah, Alfonso, Jordan, Blackledge, Bethan, Bruce, Michelle, Durrans, Laura Jayne, Eltayeb, Ayaa, Harris, Jade, Hey, Samuel, Hruska, Martin, Lamb, Thomas, Rothwell, Joanne, Fitzgerald, Adele, Lindergard, Gabriella, T-Michael, Helen, Duncan, Tracey, Baxter-Dore, Sharon, Cooper, Lisa, Fox, Claire, Guerin, Jacinta, Hodgkiss, Tracey, Connolly, Karen, McAlinden, Paul, Bridgett, Victoria, Fearby, Maggie, Gulati, A., Hanson, Helen, Kelly, Sinead, McCormack, Louise, Nixon, Rachel, Robinson, Philip, Slater, Victoria, Stephenson, Elaine, Webster, Andrea, Webster, K., Hays, Carole, Hudson, Anne, Patel, Bijal, Clement, Ian, Davis, John, Francis, Sarah, Jerry, Douglas, Abernathy, Caroline, Foster, Louise, Gratrix, Andrew, Cabral-Ortega, Llucia, Hines, Matthew, Martinson, Victoria, Stones, Elizabeth, Winter, Karen, Barrow, Esther, Wylie, Katharine, Baines, Deborah, Birchall, Katie, Kolakaluri, Laurel, Clark, Richard, Sukumaran, Anila, Barker, Melanie, Paripoorani, Deborah, Smith, Lara, Taylor, Charlotte, Downes, Charlotte, Hayman, Melanie, Riches, Katie, Daniel, Priya, Subramanian, Deepak, Holding, Kathleen, Hilton, Mary, Mcdonald, Carly, Richardson, Georgina, Halladay, Georgia, Harding, Peter, Reddy, Amie, Turner-Bone, Ian, Wilding, Laura, Parker, Robert, Lloyd, Michaela, Smith, Leanne, Kelly, Charlie, Lazo, Maria, Neal, Alan, Walton, Olivia, Melville, Julie, Naisbitt, Jay, Joseph, Rosane, Callam, Sara, Hudig, Lisa, Keshet-Price, Jocelyn, Stammers, Katie, Convery, Karen, Randell, Georgina, Fottrell-gould, Deirdre, Mwaura, Esther, Sutherland, Sara-Beth, Stewart, Richard, Mew, Louise, Wren, Lynn, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Willis, Heather, Hopkins, Bridget, Lenton, Daniel, Roberts, Abigail, Bokhari, Maria, Lucas, Rachael, McCormick, Wendy, Ritzema, Jenny, Linnett, Vanessa, Sanderson, Amanda, Wild, Helen, Flanagan, Rebecca, Hull, Robert, Rhead, Kat, McKenna, Emma, Hughes, Gareth, Anderson, Jennifer, Jones, Kelly, Latham, Scott, Riley, Heather, Coulding, Martina, Clark, Martyn, McCormick, Jacqueline, Mercer, Oliver, Potla, Darsh, Rehman, Hafiz, Savill, Heather, Turner, Victoria, Jude, Edward, Kilroy, Susan, Apetri, Elena, Basikolo, Cathrine, Catlow, Laura, Collis, Matthew, Doonan, Reece, Harvey, Alice, Knowles, Karen, Lee, Stephanie, Lomas, Diane, Lyons, Chloe, McMorrow, Liam, Michael, Angiy, Pendlebury, Jessica, Perez, Jane, Poulaka, Maria, Proudfoot, Nicola, Slevin, Kathryn, Thomas, Vicky, Walker, Danielle, Dark, Paul, Charles, Bethan, McLaughlan, Danielle, Slaughter, Melanie, Horner, Dan, Marsden, Tracy, Andrews, Joyann, Beech, Emily, Akinkugbe, Olugbenga, Bamford, Alasdair, Belfield, Holly, Jones, Gareth A. L., McHugh, Tara, Meghari, Hamza, Ray, Samiran, Tomas, Ana Luisa, O’Neill, Lauran, Peters, Mark, Bell, Michael, Benkenstein, Sarah, Chisholm, Catherine, Davies, Charlene, Kupiec, Klaudia, Payne, Caroline, Halls, Joanna, Blakemore, Hayley, Goff, Elizabeth, Hayes, Kati, Smith, Kerry, Stephens, Deanna, Worner, Ruth, Borislavova, Borislava, Faulkner, Beverley, Thomas, Matt, Cookson, Ruth, Gendall, Emma, Larman, Georgina, Pope, Rebecca, Smalira, Artur, Priestley, Victoria, Cosier, Tracey, Millen, Gemma, Rand, James, Schumacher, Natasha, Sandhar, Roxana, Weston, Heather, Richardson, Neil, Cooper, Lucy, Jones, Cathy, Huang, Ya-Wen Jessica, Jacob, Reni, Denmade, Craig, Mcintyre, Lewis, Trodd, Dawn, Martin, Jane, Watson, Geoff, Bevan, Emily, Wreybrown, Caroline, Bano, Shereen, Bellwood, Ruth, Bentley, Michael, Bromley, Matt, Gurr, Lucy, Ledgard, Camilla, McGowan, Janet, Pye, Kate, Sellick, Kirsten, Stacey, Amelia, Warren, Deborah, Wilkinson, Brian, Akeroyd, Louise, Shafique, Huma, Morgan, James, Shorter, Susan, Swinger, Rachel, Waters, Emily, Lawton, Tom, Allan, Elizabeth, Darlington, Kate, Davies, Ffyon, Davies, Llinos, Easton, Jack, Kumar, Sumit, Lean, Richard, Mackay, Callum, Pugh, Richard, Qiu, Xinyi, Rees, Stephanie, Scanlon, Jeremy, Lewis, Joanne, Menzies, Daniel, Bolger, Annette, Davies, Gwyneth, Davies, Jennifer, Garrod, Esther, Jones, Helen, Manley, Rachel, Williams, Hannah, Frankham, Jordan, Pitts, Sally, White, Nigel, Branney, Debbie, Tiller, Heather, Efford, Georgia, Garland, Zoe, Grimmer, Lisa, Gumbrill, Bethany, Johnson, Rebekah, Sweet, Katie, Bewley, Jeremy, Coleman, Christina, Corcoran, Katie, Morano, Eva Maria Hernandez, Shiel, Rachel, Webster, Denise, Bonnici, Josephine, Daniel, Eleanor, Dell, Abbie, Kent, Melanie, Wilkinson, Ami, Brown, Ellen, Kay, Andrea, Campbell, Suzanne, Cowton, Amanda, Birt, Mark, Greenaway, Vicki, Potts, Kathryn, Hutton, Clare, Shepperson, Andrew, Forsey, Miranda, Nicholson, Alice, Vertue, Mark, Riches, Joanne, Kaliappan, Agilan, Nicholson, Anne, MacCallum, Niall, Raith, Eamon, Bercades, Georgia, Hass, Ingrid, Brealey, David, Martir, Gladys, Reyes, Anna, Smyth, Deborah, Zapatamartinez, Maria, Alvaro, Ana, Jetha, Champa, Ma, Louise, Booker, Lauren, Mostoles, Loreta, Pratley, Anezka, Altabaibeh, Abdelhakim, Parmar, Chetan, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Ferguson, Susie, Shepherd, Amy, Morris, Sheila, Baruah, Rosie, Lloyd, Georgina, Bell, Stephanie, Rivers, Vanessa, Purewal, Bally, Hammerton, Kate, Anderson, Susan, Birch, Janine, Collins, Emma, Oleary, Ryan, Cornell, Sarah, Jarmain, Jordan, Rogerson, Kimberley, Wakinshaw, Fiona, Woods, Lindsey, Rostron, Anthony, Elcioglu, Zeynep, Roy, Alistair, Bell, Gillian, Dickson, Holly, Wilcox, Louise, Katary, Amro, English, Katy, Hutter, Joanne, Pawley, Corinne, Doble, Patricia, Shovelton, Charmaine, Vaida, Marius, Purnell, Rebecca, Thomas, Ashly, Cagova, Lenka, Fofano, Adama, Holcombe, Helen, Mitchell, Alice Michael, Mwaura, Lucy, Praman, KrithivasanÂ, Garnr, Lucie, Mepham, Sue, Paques, Kitty, Vuylsteke, Alain, Mackie, Jennifer, Pearn, Carmen, Zamikula, Julie, Nyirenda, Maggie, Capozzi, Lisa, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Noor, Hazma, Nilo, Alfa Cresia, Grove, Michelle, Daniel, Amelia, Finn, Joanne, White, Nikki, Saha, Rajnish, Badal, Bibi, Ixer, Karen, Duffin, Donna, Player, Ben, Hill, Helen, Cole, Jade, Brooks, Jenny, Davies, Rhys, Hunt, Lauren, Thomas, Emma, Williams, Angharad, Oblak, Metod, Thankachen, Mini, Irisari, Jamie, Sayan, Amrinder, Popescu, Monica, Finch, Cheryl, Jamieson, Andrew, Quinn, Alison, Cooper, Joshua, Liderth, Sarah, Waddington, Natalia, Burn, Iona, Manso, Katarina, Penn, Ruth, Tebbutt, Julie, Thornton, Danielle, Winchester, James, Hambrook, Geraldine, Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep, Craig, Jayne, Simpson, Kerry, Higham, Andrew, Sibbett, Louise, Paine, Sheila, Reed, Annabel, Conyngham, Jo-Anna, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Thomas, Rachel, Wright, Mary, Griffin, Denise, Partridge, Richard, Corral, Maria Alvarez, Muchenje, Nycola, Sitonik, Mildred, Butler, Aaron, Folkes, Linda, Fox, Heather, Gardner, Amy, Helm, David, Hobden, Gillian, King, Kirsten, Margalef, Jordi, Margarson, Michael, Martindale, Tim, Meadows, Emma, Raynard, Dana, Thirlwall, Yvette, Baird, Yolanda, Gomez, Raquel, Martin, Darren, Hodgson, Luke, Corin, Clinton, Sidall, Erikka, Szabo, Densie, Floyd, Sharon, Davies, Hannah, Austin, Karen, Kelsall, Olivia, Wood, Hannah, Cornell, Thomas, Ralph, Kate, Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Spivey, Michael, Richards, Carol, Tedstone, Rachel, Carmody, Siobhain, Zhao, Xiaobei, Page, Valerie, Guanco, Mark Louie, Hoxha, Elvira, Zorloni, Camilla, Dean, Charlotte, Jones, Emma, Carter, Emma, Dunn, Joshua, Kong, Thomas, Mahenthran, Mervin, Marsh, Chris, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Lyons, Marc, Wassall, Helen, Young, Meghan, Bradley, Paul, Burda, Dorota, Donlon, Sinead, Harden, Lesley, Harris, Celia, Mayangao, Irving, Montaser, Rugia, Mtuwa, Sheila, Piercy, Charles, Smith, Eleanor, Stone, Sarah, Verula, Jerik, Blackman, Helen, Marriott, Cheryl, Michalak, Natalia, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Salberg, Armorel, Boyer, Naomi, Pristopan, Veronika, Maynard, Victoria, Walker, Rachel, Hormis, Anil, Collier, Dawn, Graham, Cheryl, McCormick, Jake, Warrington, Jake, Cosgrove, Denise, McFarland, Denise, Ratcliffe, Judith, Charnock, Rob, Wynter, Inez, Gill, Mandy, Kirk, Jill, Paul, Paul, Ratnam, Valli, Shelton, Sarah, Jardine, Catherine, Hay, Alasdair, Williams, Dewi, Durga, Latha, Hibbert, Meg, Kennard-Holden, Gareth, Woodford, Chrsitopher, Tetla, Dariusz, Price, Alicia, Thomas, Alice, Thorpe, Chris, Knights, Ellen, Ward, Donna, Laha, Shondipon, Verlander, Mark, Williams, Alexandra, Prout, Rachel, Langton, Helen, Watters, Malcolm, Hunt, Charlotte, Novis, Catherine, Arif, Sarwat, Cunningham, Amy, Hewitt, Claire, Hindale, Julia, Jackson-Lawrence, Karen, Shepardson, Sarah, Wills, Maryanne, Butler, Susie, Tavares, Silivia, Barber, Russell, Hilldrith, Annette, Hubbard, Kelly, Egginton, Dawn, Clark, Michele, Purvis, Sarah, Sinclair, Simon, Collins, Vicky, Landeg, Bethan, Sell, Craig, Coetzee, Samantha, Gales, Alistair, Otahal, Igor, Icke, Becky, Raj, Meena, Williams, Caroline, Williams, Jill, Hill, Lucy, Kayani, Abdul, Masunda, Bridgett, Gondo, Prisca, Atayeva, Nigara, Cruz, Carina, Pattison, Natalie, Burnett, Caroline, Hatton, Jonathan, Heeney, Elaine, Newton, Maria, Al-Moasseb, Hassan, Behan, Teresa, Player, Jasmine, Stead, Rachael, Mitra, Atideb, Nauyokas, Kirsty, Humphreys, Sally, Cockerill, Helen, Tampsett, Ruth, Postovalova, Evgeniya, Coventry, Tina, McGregor, Amanda, Fowler, Susan, Macmahon, Mike, Cochrane, Patricia, Pirie, Sandra, Hanley, Sarah, Ali, Asifa, Brady, Megan, Dale, Sam, Dance, Annalisa, Gledhill, Lisa, Greig, Jill, Hanson, Kathryn, Holdroyd, Kelly, Home, Marie, Ishaq, Tahira, Kelly, Diane, Matapure, Lear, Melia, Deborah, Mellor, Samantha, Merwaha, Ekta, Nortcliffe, Tonicha, Shaw, Lisa, Shaw, Ryan, Wood, Tracy, Bayo, Lee-Ann, Usher, Miranda, Wilson, Alison, Kitson, Ross, Pinnell, Jez, Robinson, Matthew, Boltwood, Kaitlin, Birch, Jenny, Bough, Laura, Tutton, Rebecca, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Goodsell, Josie, Taylor, Kate, Williams, Patricia, Williams, Sarah, Cave, Ashleigh, Rees, James, Imeson-Wood, Janet, Smith, Jacqueline, Amin, Vishal, Karthik, Komala, Kausar, Rizwana, Anastasescu, Elena, Reid, Karen, Anumakonda, Vikram, Stoddart, Ella, Demetriou, Carrie, Eckbad, Charlotte, Howie, Lucy, Mitchard, Sarah, Ramos, Lidia, White, Katie, Hierons, Sarah, Kelly, Fiona, Serrano-Ruiz, Alfredo, Evans, Gabrielle, Nicol, Liz, Wilkins, Joy, Hulacka, Kim, Debreceni, Gabor, Brown, Alison, Crickmore, Vikki, Hill, Kay, Kannan, Thogulava, Dagutao, Zenaida, Beesley, Kate, Lewis, Alison, Perry, Jess, Antony, Sherly, Board, Sarah, Buckley, Clare, Pippard, Lucy, Tanate, Alfonso, Wood, Diane, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieska, Gouda, Ayman, Auld, Fiona, Donnachie, Joanne, Murdoch, Euan, Prentice, Lynn, Runciman, Nikole, Senaratne, Dhaneesha, Short, Abigail, Sweeney, Laura, Symon, Lesley, Todd, Anne, Turner, Patricia, McCann, Erin, Salutous, Dario, Edmond, Ian, Whitelaw, Lesley, Bland, Yvonne, Kajtor, Istvan, Kavanagh, Lisa, Singler, Karen, Linfield-Brown, George, Moore, Luke Stephen Prockter, Vizcaychipi, Marcela, Martins, Laura, Moore, Luke, Bull, Rhian, Carungcong, Jaime, Allen, Louise, Beranova, Eva, Knight, Alicia, Price, Carly, Tilbey, Sorrell, Turney, Sharon, Hazelton, Tracy, Tutt, Gabriella, Arora, Mansi, Turki, Salah, Sinfield, Emily, Deery, Joanne, Ramos, Hazel, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, Natalie, Farzad, Zohreh, Gummadi, Mahitha, Salmi, Sara, Sloane, Geraldine, Varghese, Mathew, Thwaites, Vicky, Patel, Brijesh, Kamal, Liyanage, Zborowski, Anelise Catelan, Coe, Ryan, Anderson, Madeleine, Beadle, Jane, Coates, Charlotte, Collins, Katy, Crowley, Maria, Johnson, Laura, King, Laura, Paramsothy, Remi, Sargeant, Janet, Silva, Pedro, Stuart, Carmel, Taylor, June, Tyl, David, Wakefield, Phillipa, Kamundi, Charlotte, Olufuwa, Olumide, Belagodu, Zakaulla, Gherman, Anca, Oakley, Naomi, Allan, John, Geary, Tim, Meikle, Alistair, O’Brien, Peter, Wood, Stephen, Clark, Andrew, Houston, Gordon, Black, Karen, Clarkson, Michelle, D’Sylva, Stuart, Morrison, Alan, Norman, Kathryn, Taylor, Margaret, Clements, Suzanne, Cohrane, Catriona, Gonzalez, Nora, Strachan, Dominic, Beith, Claire, Moar, Kirsten, Anderson, Peter, Archer, Katie, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Clayton, Sarah, Cother, Naiara, Cowley, Nicholas, Davis, Caroline, Digby, Stephen, Durie, Alison, Harrison, Alison, Low, Emma, McAlindon, Michael, McCurdy, Alex, Morgan, Aled, Rankin, Tobias, Thrush, Jessica, Tranter, Helen, Vigurs, Charlie, Wild, Laura, Murphy, Lorna, Smythe, Michelle, Brickell, Kathy, Ali, Inthakab Ali Mohamed, Beaumont, Karen, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Fernandes, Kay, Ally, Sameena Mohamed, Rangarajan, Harini, Sarathy, Varun, Selvanayagam, Sivarupan, Vedage, Dave, White, Matthew, Coton, Zoe, Joshy, Aricsa, Blunt, Mark, Curgenven, Hollie, Botfield, Liam, Dexter, Catherine, Kuravi, Aditya, Butler, Joanne, Chadwick, Robert, Ranga, Poonam, Richardson, Lisa, Virgilio, Emma, Anwer, Maddiha, Garg, Atul, Botfield, Donna, Marriott, Xana, Stewart, Keely, Mullan, Dee, Gaylard, Jane, Nowak, Justyna, Jones, Sian, Crawley, Rikki, Crew, Abigail, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Harrison, Laura, Hope, Susan, Lancaster, Nicola, Matthews, Jamie, Wray, Gemma, Inweregbu, Ken, Cutts, Sarah, Miller, Katharine, Brady, Ailbhe, Chan, Rebekah, McIvor, Shane, Prady, Helena, Mathew, Bijoy, Little, Jeff, Furniss, Tim, Wright, Chris, King, Bernadette, Wasson, Christopher, O’Neill, Aisling, Turley, Christine, McGuigan, Peter, Collins, Erin, Finn, Stephanie, Green, Jackie, McAuley, Julie, Nair, Abitha, Quinn, Charlotte, Tauro, Suzanne, Ward, Kathryn, McGinlay, Michael, Reddy, Kiran, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Anderson, Samantha, Barker, Joann, Bauchmuller, Kris, Birchall, Kathryn, Bird, Sarah, Cawthron, Kay, Chetam, Luke, Cole, Joby, Donne, Ben, Foote, David, Ford, Amber, Hanratty, Helena, Harrington, Kate, Hesseldon, Lisa, Housley, Kay, Jackson, Yvonne, Jarman, Claire, Kibutu, Faith, Lenagh, Becky, Macharia, Irene, Masuko, Shamiso, Milner, Leanne, Newell, Helen, Nwafor, Lorenza, Oxspring, Simon, Phillips, Patrick, Raithatha, Ajay, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Smith, Jacqui, Thompson, Roger, Trower, Helen, Walker, Sara, Watson, James, Wiles, Matthew, Lye, Alison, Willson, Jayne, Mills, Gary, Harris, Sansha, Hartill, Eleanor, Barron, Anthony, Collins, Ciara, Kaul, Sundeep, Nolan, Claire, Polgar, Oliver, Prendergast, Claire, Rogers, Paula, Shokkar, Rajvinder, Woodruff, Meriel, Mahay, Kanta, Reed, Anna, Meyrick, Hayley, Passmore, Heather, Farwell, James, O’Connell, Susan, Gregory, Jane, Barberis, Luigi, Harper, Rosemary, Smith, Tim, Armstrong, Diane, Bowey, Angie, Cowley, Anne, Corner, Andrew, Highgate, Judith, Rutherfurd, Claire, Taylor, Jo-Anne, Goodwin, Sarah, Eapen, Beena, Trim, Fiona, Donnison, Phil, Armstrong, Lisa, Bates, Hayley, Dooks, Emma, Farquhar, Fiona, Kitching, Amy, McParland, Chantal, Packham, Sophie, Hairsine, Brigid, Andreou, Premetie, Hales, Dawn, Mathews, Megha, Patel, Rekha, Barry, Peter, Flint, Neil, Hailstone, Jessica, Ghuman, Navneet, Leonard, Bethany, Lees, Rachel, Butcher, Deborah, Leng, Katy, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, O’Sullivan, Susie, Ghosh, Alison, Williams, Emma, Adams, Colene, Agasou, Anita, Arden, Tracie, Beekes, Mandy, Bowes, Amy, Boyle, Pauline, Button, Heather, Carnahan, Mandy, Carter, Anne, Childs, Danielle, Hurford, Fran, Hussain, Yasmin, Javaid, Ayesha, Jones, James, Leigh, Michael, Martin, Terry, Millward, Helen, Motherwell, Nichola, Newman, Julie, Rikunenko, Rachel, Stickley, Jo, Summers, Julie, Ting, Louise, Tivenan, Helen, Donaldson, Denise, Capps, Nigel, Cale, Emily, Jose, Sanal, Osbourne, Wendy, Pajak, Susie, Rankin, Jayne, Tonks, Louise, Baird, Tracy, Harkins, Margaret, Ruddy, Jim, West, Joe, Duffield, Joseph, Mallon, Lewis, Smith, Oliver, Smuts, Sara, Campbell, Andy, Davies, Cate, Davies, Sarah, Hughes, Rachel, Jobes, Lisa, Whitehead, Victoria, Watkins, Clare, Bowman, Fiona, Milligan, Barry, McPherson, Liane, Metherell, Stella, Harris, Nichola, Lake, Victoria, Radford, Elizabeth, Smallwood, Andy, Gopal, Shameer, Vassell, Katherine, Bell, Dina, Boyle, Rosalind, Douglas, Katie, Glass, Lynn, Lennon, Liz, Rattray, Austin, Lee, Emma, Jones, Danielle, Parsons, Penny, Attwood, Ben, Jefferson, Paul, Ranganathan, Mohan, Atwal, Inderjit, Campbell, Bridget, Day, Angela, Stagg, Camilla, Haynes, Emma, Ahmed, Cecilia, Clamp, Sarah, Colley, Julie, Haq, Risna, Hayes, Anne, Joseph, Sibet, Maqsood, Zahira, Hussain, Samia, Hulme, Jonathan, Domingos, Patience, Kumar, Rita, Purewal, Manjit, Taylor, Becky, Bunni, Lara, Latif, Monica, Jennings, Claire, Jose, Shilu, Marshall, Rebecca, Metryka, Aleksandra, Subramanian, Gayathri, Burgoyne, Adam, Tyler, Amanda, Waldron, Joanne, Hilltout, Paula, Evitts, Jayne, Ward, Geraldine, Bremmer, Pamela, Hawkins, Carl, Jackman, Sophie, Ogorek, Michal, Ashby, Kylie, Thornton, Lorraine, Mercer, Pauline, Halkes, Matthew, Revill, Adam, Saint, Bryony, Fletcher, Jo, Netherton, Kimberley, Chablani, Manish, Kirkby, Amy, Roper, Amanda, Szymiczek, Kinga, Sutherland, Isobel, O’Brien, Linda, Connell, Joanne, Davies, Kim, Lewis, Tracy, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Sathe, Sonia, Davies, Ellie, Lyon, Alex, Mapfunde, Isheunesu, Willis, Charlotte, Hitchcock, Rachael, Hall, Kathryn, King, Christopher, Fagan, Andrew, Nazari, Roonak, Worsley, Lucy, Allibone, Suzanne, Kasipandian, Vidya, Patel, Amit, Cutting, Parisa, Genetu, Roman, Mac, Ainhi, Murphy, Anthony, Ward, Sinead, Butt, Fatima, Ayers, Amanda, Harrison, Wendy, Mackintosh, Katherine, North, Julie, Ashton, Lydia, Bi, Rehana, Owen, Samantha, Winmill, Helen, Scholefield, Barney, Blowing, Hannah, Williams, Erin, Duskova, Michaela, Edwards, Michelle, Rees, Alun, Thomas, Helen, Brooks, Jolene, Phipps, Janet, Brooks, Suzanne, Dennis, Catherine, Parris, Vicki, Srikaran, Sinduya, Sukha, Anisha, McGregor, Alistair, Tiongson, Gerlynn, Adams, Katie, Andrew, Benedict, Brayne, Adam, Carter, Sasha, Findlay, Louise, Fisher, Emma, Jackson, Peter, Kaye, Duncan, Parkin, Juliet, Tuckey, Victoria, Hunt, Jane, Love, Nicholas, van Koutrick, Lynne, Hanson, Ashley, Dent, Kathy, Horsley, Elizabeth, Pearson, Sandra, Spencer, Sue, Hutchinson, Dorothy, Potoczna, Dorota, Akhtar, Muhammad Nauman, Cottam, Lisa-Jayne, Sanders, Jack, Garcia, Sara Mingo, pakou, Glykeria, Filipe, Helder, Maharajh, Amitaa, de Neef, Mark, Martin, Daniel, Eastgate, Christine, Teoh, Poh Choo, Barrett, Fiona, Bradley, Clare, Donaldson, Avril, Mascarenhas, Mairi, O’Hara, Marianne, Okeefe, Laura, Clarke, Noreen, Whiteside, Jonathan, Campbell, Rachael, Matheson, Joanna, McDonald, Deborah, Patience, Donna, Rice, Polly, Clapham, Melanie, Mutch, Rachel, Craig, Hannah, Poultney, Una, Burns, Karen, Twiss, Sophie, Barton, Janet, George, Linsha, Harrop, Clare, Mathew, Sherly, Wright, David Justin, Harrison, Rachel, Toohie, Jordan, Chandler, Ben, Turnbull, Alison, Mallinson, Janine, Elliott, Kerry, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Tench, Helen, Hobrok, Maria, Loosley, Ronda, McGuinness, Heather, Sims, Tanya, Afolabi, Deborah, Allison, Kathryn Sian, Anderson, Taya, Dore, Rachael, Jones, Dawn, Rogers, Naomi, Saunderson, Paula, Whitbread, Jennifer, O’Malley, Laura, Rad, Laura, Hawcutt, Daniel, Aldridge, Jonathan, Tolson, Melanie, Garrioch, Sweyn, Tomlinson, Joanne, Grosdenier, Michael, Loader, David, Kapoor, Ritoo, Hector, Gemma, Scherewode, Joslan, Sri-Chandana, Chunda, Stephenson, Lorraine, Marsh, Sarah, Rosa, Arnold Dela, Jhanji, Shaman, Bemand, Thomas, Howle, Ryan, Baikady, Ravishankar Rao, Thomas, Benjamin, Black, Ethel, Tatham, Kate, Gurram, Sambasivarao, Watson, Ekaterina, Quaid, Sheena, Saunderson, Anne, O’Brien, Rachel, Moultrie, Sam, Service, Jen, Cheyne, Clare, Odam, Miranda, Wiliams, Alison, Barnes, Nicky, Csabi, Peter, Rocha, Joana Da, Glynou, Louika, Huffenberger, Amy, Bryant, Jade, Pickard, Amy, Roe, Nicholas, Bellini, Arianna, Mayer, Anton, Burrow, Amy, Colley, Natalie, Evans, Jayne, Howlett, Alex, Khalifeh, Zeinab, Pryce, Jerldine, Gorman, Claire, Brady, Rebecca, Timlick, Elizabeth, Antoine, Pierre, Gupta, Abhinhav, Hardy, John, Houlden, Henry, Moncur, Eleanor, Tucci, Arianna, Tariq, Ambreen, Tagliavini, Emma, Ramsay, Becky, Fidler, Katy, Donnelly, Kevin, Hollis, Rebecca, Barr, Jocelyn, Boyd, Elizabeth, Irvine, Val, Shelley, Ben, Buckley, Julie, Hamilton, Charlene, Valdeavella, Kathryn, Bircham, Sarah, Liggett, Steven, Patil, Anand, Siddiq, Afshan, Goddard, Peter, Donovan, Sally, Zainy, Tala, Maleady-Crowe, Fiona, Todd, Linda, Salehi, Shahla, Elgar, Greg, Chan, Georgia, Arumugam, Prabhu, Patch, Christine, Rendon, Augusto, Bentley, David, Kingsley, Clare, Fowler, Tom A., Elliott, Paul, Tenesa, Albert, Aitkin, Emma, Aravindan, Latha, Armstrong, Ruth, Biggs, Heather, Boz, Ceilia, Brown, Adam, Chikowore, Primmy, Coutts, Audrey, Coyle, Judy, Cullum, Louise, Das, Sukamal, Day, Nicky, Donnelly, Lorna, Duncan, Esther, Finernan, Paul, Fourman, Max Head, Furlong, Anita, Furniss, James, Gallagher, Bernadette, Gilchrist, Tammy, Golightly, Ailsa, Hafezi, Katarzyna, Hamilton, Debbie, Hendry, Ross, Kearns, Naomi, Law, Dawn, Law, Rachel, Law, Sarah, Lidstone-Scott, Rebecca, Lauder, Christen, Macgillivray, Louise, Maclean, Alan, Mal, Hanning, McCafferty, Sarah, Mcmaster, Ellie, Meikle, Jen, Moore, Shona C., Murphy, Sheena, Mybaya, Hellen, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Zheng, Chenqing, Chen, Jiantao, Paterson, Trevor, Tucker, Petra, Schon, Katherine, Stenhouse, Andrew, Das, Mihaela, Swets, Maaike, Szoor-McElhinney, Helen, Taneski, Filip, Turtle, Lance, Wackett, Tony, Ward, Mairi, Weaver, Jane, Wrobel, Nicola, Rakitko, Alexander, Ilinsky, Valery, Yermakovich, Danat, Popov, Iaroslav, Chernitsov, Alexander, Kovalenko, Elena, Vergasova, Ekaterina, Prokhorov, Alexandr, Krasnenko, Anna, Plotnikov, Nikolay, Stetsenko, Ivan, Kim, Anna, Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Schiabor Barrett, Kelly M., Bolze, Alexandre, White, Simon, Washington, Nicole L., Lu, James T., Riffle, Stephen, Tanudjaja, Francisco, Wang, Xueqing, Ramirez, Jimmy M., Leonetti, Nicole, Sandoval, Efren, Neveux, Iva, Dabe, Shaun, Grzymski, Joseph J., Joshi, Madhvi N., Dixit, Raghav D., Shah, Pranay K., Upadhyay, Kamlesh J., Chuhan, Naresh T., Desai, Kairavi J., Shah, Meenakshi R., Modi, Bhavesh, Joshi, Chaitanya G., Pandit, Ramesh J., Singh, Indra, Ansari, Afzal I., Raval, Janvi N., Patel, Zarna Z., Moreno-Estrada, Andres, Vázquez-Pérez, Joel Armando, Castillejos-López, Manuel, Aquino-Gálvez, Arnoldo, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Ávila-Arcos, María C., Luna, María Teresa Tusié, Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo, Barberena-Jonas, Carmina, Quinto-Cortés, Consuelo D., Ávila-Arcos, Marco Antonio, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, García-García, Lourdes, Barnetche, Jesús Martinez, Alpuche-Aranda, Celia, Rivera, Juan A., Gutiérrez, Tonatiuh Barrientos, Ochoa-Guzmán, Ana, Ordoñez-Sánchez, Maria Luisa, Segura-Kato, Yayoi, Herrera-Montalvo, Luis Alonso, Mendoza-Vargas, Alfredo, Reyes-Grajeda, Juan Pablo, Cruz-Cruz, Alonso D., Velázquez-Cruz, Rafael, Torres-Espíndola, Luz María, Sierra-Vargas, Martha Patricia, Camarena, Angel, Ruiz, Víctor, Chávez-Alderete, Jaime, Jaime-Capetillo, María Esther, Guadarrama-Pérez, Cristóbal, Zúñiga-Ramos, Joaquin, Olivera-Ramírez, Alejandra, Martínez, Miguel Angel López, Serna-Muñoz, Ricardo, Garmendia, Adriana, Namkoong, Ho, Okada, Yukinori, Imoto, Seiya, Katayama, Kazuhiko, Fukunaga, Koichi, Kitagawa, Yuko, Sato, Toshiro, Hasegawa, Naoki, Kumanogoh, Atsushi, Kimura, Akinori, Ai, Masumi, Tokunaga, Katsushi, Kanai, Takanori, Miyano, Satoru, Ogawa, Seishi, Edahiro, Ryuya, Sonehara, Kyuto, Shirai, Yuya, Ishii, Makoto, Kabata, Hiroki, Masaki, Katsunori, Kamata, Hirofumi, Ikemura, Shinnosuke, Chubachi, Shotaro, Okamori, Satoshi, Terai, Hideki, Tanaka, Hiromu, Morita, Atsuho, Lee, Ho, Asakura, Takanori, Sasaki, Junichi, Morisaki, Hiroshi, Uwamino, Yoshifumi, Nanki, Kosaku, Mikami, Yohei, Tomono, Kazunori, Kato, Kazuto, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Takahashi, Meiko, Hizawa, Nobuyuki, Takeda, Yoshito, Hirata, Haruhiko, Shiroyama, Takayuki, Miyawaki, Satoru, Suzuki, Ken, Maeda, Yuichi, Nii, Takuro, Noda, Yoshimi, Niitsu, Takayuki, Adachi, Yuichi, Enomoto, Takatoshi, Amiya, Saori, Hara, Reina, Takahashi, Kunihiko, Anzai, Tatsuhiko, Hasegawa, Takanori, Ito, Satoshi, Koike, Ryuji, Endo, Akifumi, Uchimura, Yuji, Miyazaki, Yasunari, Honda, Takayuki, Tateishi, Tomoya, Tohda, Shuji, Ichimura, Naoya, Sonobe, Kazunari, Sassa, Chihiro, Nakajima, Jun, Nannya, Yasuhito, Omae, Yosuke, Takahashi, Kazuhisa, Harada, Norihiro, Hiki, Makoto, Takagi, Haruhi, Nakamura, Ai, Tagaya, Etsuko, Kawana, Masatoshi, Arimura, Ken, Ishiguro, Takashi, Takayanagi, Noboru, Isono, Taisuke, Takaku, Yotaro, Takano, Kenji, Anan, Ryusuke, Nakajima, Yukiko, Nakano, Yasushi, Nishio, Kazumi, Ueda, Soichiro, Hayashi, Reina, Tateno, Hiroki, Hase, Isano, Yoshida, Shuichi, Suzuki, Shoji, Mitamura, Keiko, Saito, Fumitake, Ueda, Tetsuya, Azuma, Masanori, Nagasaki, Tadao, Yasui, Yoshinori, Hasegawa, Yoshinori, Mutoh, Yoshikazu, Yoshiyama, Takashi, Shoko, Tomohisa, Kojima, Mitsuaki, Adachi, Tomohiro, Ishikawa, Motonao, Takahashi, Kenichiro, Watanabe, Kazuyoshi, Manabe, Tadashi, Ito, Fumimaro, Fukui, Takahiro, Funatsu, Yohei, Koh, Hidefumi, Hirai, Yoshihiro, Kawashima, Hidetoshi, Narita, Atsuya, Niwa, Kazuki, Sekikawa, Yoshiyuki, Saito, Fukuki, Yoshiya, Kazuhisa, Yoshihara, Tomoyuki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Nakayama, Sohei, Masuzawa, Keita, Nishi, Koichi, Nishitsuji, Masaru, Tani, Maiko, Inoue, Takashi, Hirano, Toshiyuki, Kobayashi, Keigo, Miyazawa, Naoki, Kimura, Yasuhiro, Sado, Reiko, Ogura, Takashi, Kitamura, Hideya, Murohashi, Kota, Nakachi, Ichiro, Baba, Rie, Arai, Daisuke, Fuke, Satoshi, Saito, Hiroshi, Kuwahara, Naota, Fujiwara, Akiko, Okada, Takenori, Baba, Tomoya, Noda, Junya, Mashimo, Shuko, Yagi, Kazuma, Shiomi, Tetsuya, Hashiguchi, Mizuha, Odani, Toshio, Mochimaru, Takao, Oyamada, Yoshitaka, Mori, Nobuaki, Izumi, Namiki, Nagata, Kaoru, Taki, Reiko, Murakami, Koji, Yamada, Mitsuhiro, Sugiura, Hisatoshi, Hayashi, Kentaro, Shimizu, Tetsuo, Gon, Yasuhiro, Fujitani, Shigeki, Tsuchida, Tomoya, Yoshida, Toru, Kagaya, Takashi, Kita, Toshiyuki, Sakagami, Satoru, Kimizuka, Yoshifumi, Kawana, Akihiko, Nakamura, Yoshihiko, Ishikura, Hiroyasu, Takata, Tohru, Kikuchi, Takahide, Taniyama, Daisuke, Nakamura, Morio, Kodama, Nobuhiro, Kaneyama, Yasunari, Maeda, Shunsuke, Nagasaki, Yoji, Okamoto, Masaki, Ishihara, Sayoko, Ito, Akihiro, Chihara, Yusuke, Takeuchi, Mayumi, Onoi, Keisuke, Hashimoto, Naozumi, Wakahara, Keiko, Ando, Akira, Masuda, Makoto, Wakabayashi, Aya, Watanabe, Hiroki, Sageshima, Hisako, Nakada, Taka-Aki, Abe, Ryuzo, Shimada, Tadanaga, Kawamura, Kodai, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nishiyama, Kenta, Yamasaki, Masaki, Hashimoto, Satoru, Kusaka, Yu, Ohba, Takehiko, Isogai, Susumu, Takada, Minoru, Kanda, Hidenori, Komase, Yuko, Sano, Fumiaki, Asano, Koichiro, Oguma, Tsuyoshi, Harada, Masahiro, Takahashi, Takeshi, Shibusawa, Takayuki, Abe, Shinji, Kono, Yuta, Togashi, Yuki, Izumo, Takehiro, Inomata, Minoru, Awano, Nobuyasu, Ogawa, Shinichi, Ogata, Tomouki, Ishihara, Shoichiro, Kanehiro, Arihiko, Ozaki, Shinji, Fuchimoto, Yasuko, Kitagawa, Yuichiro, Yoshida, Shozo, Ogura, Shinji, Nishiyama, Kei, Yoshida, Kousuke, Beppu, Satoru, Fukuyama, Satoru, Eriguchi, Yoshihiro, Yonekawa, Akiko, Inoue, Yoshiaki, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Chiba, Shigeru, Narumoto, Osamu, Nagai, Hideaki, Ooshima, Nobuharu, Motegi, Mitsuru, Sagara, Hironori, Tanaka, Akihiko, Ohta, Shin, Shibata, Yoko, Tanino, Yoshinori, Sato, Yuki, Yamada, Yuichiro, Hashino, Takuya, Shinoki, Masato, Iwagoe, Hajime, Imamura, Tomonori, Umeda, Akira, Shimada, Hisato, Endo, Mayu, Hayashi, Shinichi, Takahashi, Mai, Nakano, Shigefumi, Yatomi, Masakiyo, Maeno, Toshitaka, Ishii, Tomoo, Utsugi, Mitsuyoshi, Ono, Akihiro, Kanaoka, Kensuke, Ihara, Shoichi, Komuta, Kiyoshi, Nishida, Nao, Kawai, Yosuke, Sugiyama, Masaya, Alawneh, Laith M., Maswadeh, Kinda B., Alsoub, Fatima S., AlRawashdeh, Tala J., Esawi, Ezaldeen, Abu Alragheb, Bayan O., Maswadeh, Ahmad B., Al-Kadash, Abdulfattah, Al-Ani, Abdallah, Alsafadi, Dana B., Shahin, Mohammad A., Qtaish, Nuseibah Al, Alawneh, Fade M., Abulail, Joseph A., Zhlawi, Hadi J., Alhousani, Tasneem N., Alzuraiqi, Mohammad R., Al-Ja’afreh, Mohammad M., Allouzy, Sara K., ALjalamdeh, Mothafer, Mansour, Tareq M., Alamer, Lina M., Issa, Ali Banni, Bani younis, Fatima M., Hawari, Feras I., Hayajneh, Wail A., Obeidat, Nathir M., Ahram, Mamoun, Zhlawi, Moh’d Wahib J., Alshaer, Walhan, Al-Kasasbeh, Malak M., Naffa, Randa G., Ismail, Mohammad A., Abdullah, Mohammed S., Ismail, Said I., Obeidat, Ma’en, Hernández Cordero, Ana I., Sin, Don D., Bossé, Yohan, Joubert, Philippe, Hao, Ke, Nickle, David, Timens, Wim, van den Berge, Maarten, Feng, Yen-Chen Anne, Mercader, Josep, Weiss, Scott T., Karlson, Elizabeth W., Smoller, Jordan W., Murphy, Shawn N., Meigs, James B., Woolley, Ann E., Green, Robert C., Mandla, Ravi, Schroeder, Philip, Perez, Emma F., Lee, Seung Hyuk T., Flores-Silva, Fernando Daniel, Chiquete, Erwin, Cantú-Brito, Carlos, Sifuentes-Osornio, José, de León-Garduño, Alfredo Ponce, Román-Montes, Carla Marina, Chávez-Manzanera, Emma, Velasco, Donaji Gómez, Martagón-Rosado, Alexandro, Cruz-Bautista, Ivette, Gómez-Pérez, Francisco Javier, Díaz-Olavarrieta, Claudia, Valdés, Paloma Almeda, Muñóz-Hernández, Linda Liliana, Mehta, Roopa Pravin, Elías-López, Daniel, Tusié-Luna, Teresa, Pajukanta, Päivi, Sukhatme, Mihir G., Moreno-Macías, Hortensia, Ruth, Johnson, González-Behn-Eschenburg, Sebastián, García-Grimshaw, Miguel, Guillen-Pineda, Luz Elizabeth, de los Ángeles Vargas-Martínez, María, Rodríguez, Maribel, Rodríguez-Guillén, Rosario, Ordoñez, María Luisa, Rajme-López, Sandra, González-Lara, María Fernanda, Luna-Moreno, Dalia, de Jesús Suárez López, Jannet, Guillén-Quintero, Daniela Mariel, Vega, Juan, Duran-Coyote, Salvador, Guerra-García, María Teresa, Durán-Gómez, Michelle, Vigueras-Hernández, Alma, Ramírez-Jiménez, Marco Eduardo, Grajeda-González, Samara Lissete, Ramos-Galicia, Enrique Manuel, Ramírez-Carrillo, Martha Fernanda, Fernandez-Ruiz, Juan, Chirino-Pérez, Amanda, Romero-Molina, Ángel Omar, Zavaleta, David Alejandro Fuentes, Jaramillo, María Andrea Mac Donald, López, Katia Jarely Prieto, Incontri-Abraham, Diego, Rosado, Wendy Natalia, Catalán, María Alonso, Aguilar, Sonia Evelyn Vital, Zamudio, Ileana Paola Montero, Ruíz-Ruíz, Eduardo, de Jesús Carrera García, Kevin, Guerrero, Cristina Villarreal, Martínez, Ana Isabel Rodríguez, Moscoso-Sánchez, Rogelio, del Consuelo Rodríguez Mancilla, María, Villa, Antonio, Luna-Ramírez, Samuel Alejandro, Hernández-Hernández, Sergio, Frias, Erika, Campos, Alejandro, Morales-Sosa, Paola Alessandra, Toxqui-Merchant, Luis Enrique, García, Karla, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Butte, Manish J., Geschwind, Daniel H., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Heidecker, Bettina, Kurth, Florian, Sander, Leif E., Skurk, Carsten, Landmesser, Ulf, Karadeniz, Zehra, Wang, Xiaomin, Poller, Wolfgang, Suwalski, Phillip, Ripke, Stephan, Braun, Alice, Kraft, Julia, Mayer, Alena, Lippert, Lena J., Helbig, Elisa T., Thibeault, Charlotte, Awasthi, Swapnil, Mbarek, Hamdi, Saad, Chadi, Al-Sarraj, Yaser, Badji, Radja Messai, Al-Muftah, Wadha, Thani, Asma Al, Afifi, Nahla, Sadiq, Fouzia, Khan, Mohammad I., Bhutta, Muhammad J., Khan, Hania, Khan, Madeeha, Ain, Quratul, Junaid, Ayesha, Khan, Ejaz A., Sypniewski, Mateusz, Lejman, Adrian, Zawadzki, Paweł, Sztromwasser, Paweł, Król, Zbigniew, Dobosz, Paula, Stojak, Joanna, Flores, Carlos, Carracedo, Ángel, Aguilar, Carlos, Arranz, María J., Baptista-Rosas, Raúl C., Bezerra, Joao F., Bezerra, Marcos A. C., Brugada, Ramón, Bustos, Matilde, Castano, Luis, Conde-Vicente, Rosa, Cordero-Lorenzana, M. Lourdes, De Martino-Rodríguez, Alba, Domínguez-Garrido, Elena, Fariñas, María Carmen, Gil-Fournier, Belén, Herrero, María José, Lattig, María Claudia, Martín-López, Caridad, Martín, Vicente, Martinez-Nieto, Oscar, Martinez-Lopez, Iciar, Mazzeu, Juliana F., Macías, Eleuterio Merayo, Cuerda, Victor Moreno, Silbiger, Vivian N., Oliveira, Silviene F., Parellada, Mara, Santos, Ney P. C., Pérez-Matute, Patricia, Perez, Patricia, Perucho, Teresa, Porras-Hurtado, Gloria L., Pujol, Aurora, Fernández-Rodríguez, Amanda, Jimenez-Sousa, María A., Rodríguez-Ruiz, Emilio, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Garcia, José A., Ruiz-Cabello, Francisco, Soria, José Manuel, Tamayo, Eduardo, Teper, Alejandro, Torres-Tobar, Lilian, Urioste, Miguel, Yáñez, Zuleima, Zarate, Ruth, Guillen-Navarro, Encarna, Ayuso, Carmen, González-Neira, Anna, Riancho, José A., Rojas-Martinez, Augusto, Lapunzina, Pablo, Cruz, Raquel, Diz-de Almeida, Silvia, Ceballos, Francisco C., Lorenzo-Salazar, José M., González-Montelongo, Rafaela, Quintela, Inés, Pita, Guillermo, Gago-Domínguez, Manuela, Porras, Marta Sevilla, Tenorio-Castaño, Jair Antonio, Nevado, Julian, Aguado, Jose María, Aguilera-Albesa, Sergio, Almadana, Virginia, Almoguera, Berta, Alvarez, Nuria, Andreu-Bernabeu, Álvaro, Arango, Celso, Artiga, Maria-Jesus, Barreda-Sánchez, María, Belhassen-Garcia, Moncef, Boix-Palop, Lucía, Brion, María, Carbonell, Cristina, Castelao, Jose E., Cortes-Sanchez, Jose L., Corton, Marta, Darnaude, M. Teresa, del Campo-Pérez, Victor, de Bustamante, Aranzazu Diaz, Luchessi, Andre D., Eiros, Rocío, Sanabria, Gladys Mercedes Estigarribia, Fernández-Robelo, Uxía, Fernández-Villa, Tania, Gómez-Arrue, Javier, Álvarez, Beatriz González, de Quirós, Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo, González-Peñas, Javier, Gutiérrez-Bautista, Juan F., Herrero-Gonzalez, Antonio, Borja, Anabel Liger, Lopez-Rodriguez, Rosario, Mancebo, Esther, Martinez-Resendez, Michel F., Martinez-Perez, Angel, Minguez, Pablo, Ortega-Paino, Eva, Paz-Artal, Estela, Pérez-Tomás, M. Elena, Pinsach-Abuin, Mel·lina, Pompa-Mera, Ericka N., León, Soraya Ramiro, Resino, Salvador, Fernandes, Marianne R., Ruiz-Hornillos, Javier, Ryan, Pablo, Souto, Juan Carlos, Tamayo-Velasco, Alvaro, Taracido-Fernandez, Juan Carlos, Valencia-Ramos, Juan, de Heredia, Miguel López, Pedersen, Ole B., Erikstrup, Christian, Ostrowski, Sisse R., Stefansson, Kari, Mikkelsen, Susan, Sørensen, Erik, Burgos, Celia, Andersen, Steffen, Brugdorf, Kristoffer, Hansen, Thomas F., Hjalgrim, Henrik, Jemec, Gregor B., Nyegaard, Mette, Werge, Thomas, Johansson, Pär I., Didriksen, Maria, Schwinn, Michael, Jacobsen, Rikke L., Hindhede, Lotte, Rostgaard, Klaus, Gudbjartsson, Daniel, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Þorsteinsdóttir, Unnur, Nielsen, Kaspar R., Bruun, Mie Topholm, Dinh, Khoa M., Larsen, Margit A. H., Sækmose, Susanne G., Zeberg, Hugo, Nkambul, Lindo, Frithiof, Robert, Hultström, Michael, Lipcsey, Miklos, Tardif, Nicolas, Rooyackers, Olav, Grip, Jonathan, Maricic, Tomislav, Heid, Iris M., Wagner, Ralf, Überla, Klaus, Winkler, Thomas W., Wiegrebe, Simon, Gorski, Mathias, Stark, Klaus J., Peterhoff, David, Einhauser, Sebastian, Niller, Hans-Helmut, Beileke, Stephanie, Johnson, Ruth, Freimer, Nelson, Ding, Yi, Chiu, Alec, Chang, Timothy S., Boutros, Paul, Karczewski, Konrad J., Martin, Alicia R., Wilson, Daniel J., Spencer, Chris C. A., Crook, Derrick W., Wyllie, David H., O’Connell, Anne Marie, Atkinson, Elizabeth G., Tsuo, Kristin, Baya, Nikolas, Turley, Patrick, Gupta, Rahul, Walters, Raymond K., Palmer, Duncan S., Sarma, Gopal, Solomonson, Matthew, Cheng, Nathan, Lu, Wenhan, Churchhouse, Claire, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., King, Daniel, Zhou, Wei, Seed, Cotton, Daly, Mark J., Finucane, Hilary, Bryant, Sam, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Band, Gavin, Earle, Sarah G., Lin, Shang-Kuan, Arning, Nicolas, Koelling, Nils, Armstrong, Jacob, Rudkin, Justine K., Callier, Shawneequa, Cusick, Caroline, Fernandez-Cadenas, Israel, Planas, Anna M., Perez-Tur, Jordi, Llucià-Carol, Laia, Cullell, Natalia, Muiño, Elena, Cárcel-Márquez, Jara, DeDiego, Marta L., Iglesias, Lara Lloret, Soriano, Alex, Rico, Veronica, Agüero, Daiana, Bedini, Josep L., Lozano, Francisco, Domingo, Carlos, Robles, Veronica, Ruiz-Jaén, Francisca, Márquez, Leonardo, Gomez, Juan, Coto, Eliecer, Albaiceta, Guillermo M., García-Clemente, Marta, Dalmau, David, Arranz, Maria J., Dietl, Beatriz, Serra-Llovich, Alex, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Colobran, Roger, Martin-Nalda, Andrea, Parra-Martínez, Alba, Bernardo, David, Rojo, Silvia, Fiz-López, Aida, Arribas-Rodriguez, Elisa, Cal-Sabater, Paloma, Segura, Tomás, González-Villar, Esther, Serrano-Heras, Gemma, Martí-Fàbregas, Joan, Jiménez-Xarrié, Elena, de Felipe Mimbrera, Alicia, Masjuan, Jaime, García-Madrona, 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M., Allen, Upton, Cheung, Angela M., Herridge, Margaret S., Hunt, Miranda, Lerner-Ellis, Jordan, Taher, Jennifer, Parekh, Rulan S., Hiraki, Linda T., Cowan, Juthaporn, Ducharme, Francine M., Ostrowski, Mario, Bernier, Francois P., Kellner, Jim, Garg, Elika, Yoo, Samantha, Vlasschaert, Caitlyn, Frangione, Erika, Chung, Monica, Noor, Abdul, Greenfeld, Elena, Colwill, Karen, Clausen, Marc, Chao, Gary, Yue, FengYun, Fritzler, Marvin, Whitney, Joseph, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, Garant, Jean-Michel, Abraham, Rohan, Davis, Adrienne, Campigotto, Aaron, Papenburg, Jesse, Niranjan, Kissoon, Betschel, Stephen, Sadarangani, Manish, Barton-Forbes, Michelle, Hanley, Michaela, Fung, Chun Yiu Jordan, Lapadula, Elisa, MacDonald, Georgia, Puopolo, Michael, Kaushik, Deepanjali, Nirmalanathan, Konika, Wong, Iris, Khan, Zeeshan, Zarei, Natasha, Michalowska, Maria, Modi, Bhavi P., Persia, Pourshahnazari, Estacio, Antonio, Buchholz, Megan, Cheatley, Patti Lou, Lorenti, Miranda, Aman, Nowrin F., Matveev, Vitaliy, Budylowski, Patrick, Upton, Julia, Morris, Shaun, Boyd, Tracy, Chowdhary, Sunakshi, Casalino, Selina, Morgan, Gregory, Mighton, Chloe, McGeer, Allison, Mazzulli, Tony, McLeod, Shelley L., Binnie, Alexandra, Faghfoury, Hanna, Chertkow, Howard, Racher, Hilary, Serbanescu, Mihaela A., Pavenski, Katerina, Esser, Michael, Thompson, Graham, Herbrick, Jo-Anne, Gignoux, Christopher R., Wicks, Stephen J., Crooks, Kristy, Barnes, Kathleen C., Daya, Michelle, Shortt, Jonathan, Rafaels, Nicholas, Chavan, Sameer, Schulze, Thomas G., Heilbronner, Urs, Papiol, Sergi, Corbetta, Andrea, Wendtner, Clemens M., Spinner, Christoph D., Erber, Johanna, Schneider, Jochen, Winter, Christof, Wiltfang, Jens, Budde, Monika, Senner, Fanny, Kalman, Janos L., Protzer, Ulrike, Mueller, Nikola S., Mousas, Abdou, Liontos, Angelos, Christaki, Eirini, Milionis, Haralampos, Tsilidis, Konstantinos, Asimakopoulos, Alexandros, Kanellopoulou, Afroditi, Markozannes, Georgios, Biros, Dimitrios, Milionis, Orestis, Tsourlos, Stavros, Athanasiou, Lazaros, Kolios, Nikolaos-Gavriil, Pappa, Christiana, Papathanasiou, Alexandros, Pargana, Eleni, Nasiou, Maria, Kosmidou, Maria, Rapti, Iro, Ntotsikas, Evangelos, Chaliasos, Konstantinos, Ntzani, Evangelia, Evangelou, Evangelos, Gartzonika, Konstantina, Georgiou, Ioannis, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Ellinghaus, David, Degenhardt, Frauke, Cáceres, Mario, Juzenas, Simonas, Lenz, Tobias L., Albillos, Agustín, Julià, Antonio, Prati, Daniele, Solligård, Erik, Garcia, Federico, Tran, Florian, Hanses, Frank, Baselli, Guido, Zoller, Heinz, Holter, Jan Cato, Fernández, Javier, Barretina, Jordi, Valenti, Luca, Bujanda, Luis, Buti, Maria, D’Amato, Mauro, Banales, Jesus M., Rosenstiel, Philip, Koehler, Philipp, Invernizzi, Pietro, de Cid, Rafael, Asselta, Rosanna, Schreiber, Stefan, Duga, Stefano, Hehr, Ute, Franke, Andre, Maya-Miles, Douglas, Hov, Johannes R., Karlsen, Tom H., Folseraas, Trine, Teles, Ana, Tanck, Anja, Gassner, Christoph, Azuure, Clinton, Wacker, Eike Matthias, Uellendahl-Werth, Florian, Hemmrich-Stanisak, Georg, ElAbd, Hesham, Kässens, Jan, Arora, Jatin, Lerga-Jaso, Jon, Wienbrandt, Lars, Rühlemann, Malte Christoph, Wendorff, Mareike, Figuera Basso, Maria E., Vadla, May Sissel, Wittig, Michael, Braun, Nicole, Lenning, Ole Bernt, Özer, Onur, Myhre, Ronny, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, Wesse, Tanja, Albrecht, Wolfgang, Yi, Xiaoli, Ortiz, Aaron Blandino, de Salazar, Adolfo, Chercoles, Adolfo Garrido, Palom, Adriana, Ruiz, Agustín, Garcia-Fernandez, Alba-Estela, Blanco-Grau, Albert, Mantovani, Alberto, Holten, Aleksander Rygh, Bandera, Alessandra, Cherubini, Alessandro, Protti, Alessandro, Aghemo, Alessio, Gerussi, Alessio, Ramirez, Alfredo, Nebel, Almut, Barreira, Ana, Lleo, Ana, Kildal, Anders Benjamin, Biondi, Andrea, Caballero-Garralda, Andrea, Gori, Andrea, Glück, Andreas, Lind, Andreas, Nolla, Anna Carreras, Latiano, Anna, Fracanzani, Anna Ludovica, Peschuck, Anna, Cavallero, Annalisa, Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma, Ruello, Antonella, Muscatello, Antonio, Voza, Antonio, Rando-Segura, Ariadna, Solier, Aurora, Cortes, Beatriz, Mateos, Beatriz, Nafria-Jimenez, Beatriz, Schaefer, Benedikt, Bellinghausen, Carla, Ferrando, Carlos, de la Horra, Carmen, Quereda, Carmen, Scollo, Chiara, Lange, Christoph, Hu, Cinzia, Paccapelo, Cinzia, Angelini, Claudio, Cappadona, Claudio, Bianco, Cristiana, Cea, Cristina, Sancho, Cristina, Hoff, Dag Arne Lihaug, Galimberti, Daniela, Haschka, David, Jiménez, David, Pestaña, David, Toapanta, David, Muñiz-Diaz, Eduardo, Azzolini, Elena, Sandoval, Elena, Binatti, Eleonora, Scarpini, Elio, Casalone, Elisabetta, Urrechaga, Eloisa, Paraboschi, Elvezia Maria, Pontali, Emanuele, Reverter, Enric, Calderón, Enrique J., Navas, Enrique, Contro, Ernesto, Arana-Arri, Eunate, Aziz, Fátima, Sánchez, Félix García, Ceriotti, Ferruccio, Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo, Peyvandi, Flora, Blasi, Francesco, Malvestiti, Francesco, Medrano, Francisco J., Mesonero, Francisco, Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco, Müller, Fredrik, Bellani, Giacomo, Pesenti, Antonio, Zanella, Alberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, Pezzoli, Gianni, Costantino, Giorgio, Albano, Giovanni, Cardamone, Giulia, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Citerio, Giuseppe, Foti, Giuseppe, Lamorte, Giuseppe, Matullo, Giuseppe, Kurihara, Hayato, Neb, Holger, My, Ilaria, Hernández, Isabel, de Rojas, Itziar, Galván-Femenia, Iván, Afset, Jan Egil, Heyckendorf, Jan, Damås, Jan Kristian, Ampuero, Javier, Martín, Javier, Erdmann, Jeanette, Badia, Joan Ramon, Dopazo, Joaquin, Bergan, Jonas, Quero, Jose Hernández, Goikoetxea, Josune, Delgado, Juan, Guerrero, Juan M., Risnes, Kari, Banasik, Karina, Müller, Karl Erik, Gaede, Karoline I., Garcia-Etxebarria, Koldo, Tonby, Kristian, Heggelund, Lars, Bettini, Laura Rachele, Sumoy, Lauro, Terranova, Leonardo, Gustad, Lise Tuset, Garbarino, Lucia, Santoro, Luigi, Téllez, Luis, Roade, Luisa, Ostadreza, Mahnoosh, Intxausti, Maider, Kogevinas, Manolis, Riveiro-Barciela, Mar, Schaefer, Marco, Gutiérrez-Stampa, María A., Carrabba, Maria, Valsecchi, Maria G., Hernandez-Tejero, María, Vehreschild, Maria J. G. T., Manunta, Maria, Acosta-Herrera, Marialbert, D’Angiò, Mariella, Baldini, Marina, Cazzaniga, Marina, Marquié, Marta, Castoldi, Massimo, Cecconi, Maurizio, Tomasi, Melissa, Boada, Mercè, Joannidis, Michael, Mazzocco, Michela, Ciccarelli, Michele, Rodríguez-Gandía, Miguel, Bocciolone, Monica, Miozzo, Monica, Ayo, Natale Imaz, Blay, Natalia, Chueca, Natalia, Montano, Nicola, Martínez, Nilda, Cornely, Oliver A., Palmieri, Orazio, Faverio, Paola, Preatoni, Paoletta, Bonfanti, Paolo, Omodei, Paolo, Tentorio, Paolo, Castro, Pedro, Rodrigues, Pedro M., Izquierdo-Sanchez, Laura, España, Pedro Pablo, Hoffmann, Per, Bacher, Petra, de Pablo, Raúl, Ferrer, Ricard, Gualtierotti, Roberta, Gallego-Durán, Rocío, Nieto, Rosa, Carpani, Rossana, Morilla, Rubén, Badalamenti, Salvatore, Haider, Sammra, Ciesek, Sandra, Bombace, Sara, Marsal, Sara, Klein, Sebastian, Pelusi, Serena, Wilfling, Sibylle, Goerg, Siegfried, Bosari, Silvano, Brunak, Søren, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Aliberti, Stefano, Dudman, Susanne, Zheng, Tenghao, Bahmer, Thomas, Pumarola, Tomas, Cejudo, Trinidad Gonzalez, Rimoldi, Valeria, Monzani, Valter, Skogen, Vegard, Friaza, Vicente, Andrade, Victor, Moreno, Victor, Peter, Wolfgang, Farre, Xavier, Khodamoradi, Yascha, Grimsrud, Marit M., May, Sandra, Colombo, Alicia, Virginia, Monardes-Ramírez A., Dorador, Cristina, Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena, Silva, Andrea X., Espinosa-Parrilla, Yolanda, Yáñez, Cristian E., Retamales-Ortega, Rocío M., Saez Hidalgo, Juan M., Tobar-Calfucoy, Eduardo A., Carvajal-Silva, Laura, Martínez, Matías F., Cerpa, Leslie C., Christian, Muñoz A., Cappelli, Claudio, Valenzuela-Jorquera, Hector, Zapata-Contreras, Daniela, Zuñiga-Pacheco, Paula, Nova-Lamperti, Estefania A., Sanhueza, Sergio A., Donoso, Gerardo, Bocchieri, Pamela, Kochifas, Pia, Quiñones, Luis A., Pedersen, Ole Birger, Geller, Frank, Westergaard, David, Sequeros, Celia Burgos, Nissen, Janna, Nielsen, Susanne Dam, Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla, Bliddal, Sofie, Grønbæk, Kirsten, Ullum, Henrik, Ostrowski, Sisse Rye, Feenstra, Bjarke, Shahin, Doaa, Sobh, Ali, Shoma, Ashraf, Nkambul, Lindokuhle, Elhadidy, Tamer A., Abd Elghafar, Mohamed S., El-Jawhari, Jehan J., Mohamed, Attia A. S., Elnagdy, Marwa H., Samir, Amr, Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud, Khafaga, Walid T., El-Lawaty, Walaa M., Torky, Mohamed S., El-Shanshory, Mohamed R., Elzeiny, Ahmed, Rashad, Amal, Mansour, Tamer A., Yassen, Amr M., Hegazy, Mohamed A. F., Okasha, Kamal, Eid, Mohammed A., Hanteera, Moahmed S., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Ikram, M. Arfan, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Ripatti, Samuli, Jermy, Bradley, Ruotsalainen, Sanni, Kristiansson, Kati, Koskelainen, Sami, Perola, Markus, Donner, Kati, Kivinen, Katja, Palotie, Aarno, Kaunisto, Mari, Julienne, Hanna, Aschard, Hugues, Deleuze, Jean-Francois, Debette, Stephanie, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Abel, Laurent, Henches, Léo, Lefloch, Edith, Claire, Dandine-Roulland, Sakuntabhai, Anavaj, Bourgeron, Thomas, Olaso, Robert, Daian, Delphine Bacq, Pellegrin, Isabelle, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Cobat, Aurélie, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Zhang, Qian, Ghosn, Jade, Mentré, France, Laouénan, Cédric, Tubiana, Sarah, Chirouze, Catherine, Quintana-Murci, Luis, Patin, Etienne, Duffy, Darragh, Boland, Anne, Carreras, Anna, Galván-Femenía, Iván, Farré, Xavier, Cortés, Beatriz, Mercader, Josep Maria, Guindo-Martinez, Marta, Torrents, David, Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma, Dobaño, Carlota, van Heel, David A., Hunt, Karen A., Trembath, Richard C., Jacobs, Benjamin Meir, Huang, Qin Qin, Martin, Hilary C., Mason, Dan, Trivedi, Bhavi, Wright, John, Munisamy, Malathy, Finer, Sarah, Griffiths, Christopher J., McCarthy, Mark I., Rosenberger, Carrie, Lee, Jong Eun, Chang, Diana, Hammer, Christian, Hunkapiller, Julie, Mahajan, Anubha, Pendergrass, Rion, Sucheston-Campbell, Lara, Yaspan, Brian, Lee, Hyun Soo, Shin, Eunsoon, Jang, Hye Yoon, Kim, Sunmie, Kym, Sungmin, Kim, Yeon-Sook, Jeong, Hyeongseok, Kwon, Ki Tae, Kim, Shin-Woo, Kim, Jin Yong, Jang, Young Rock, Kim, Hyun ah, Lee, Ji yeon, Lee, Jeong Eun, Lee, Shinwon, Choe, Kang-Won, Kang, Yu Min, Jee, Sun Ha, Jung, Keum Ji, Park, Hyun-Young, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Young Jin, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Yoon, Kyungheon, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Rawlik, Konrad, Caulfield, Mark J., Baillie, J. Kenneth, Griffiths, Fiona, Bretherick, Andrew D., Stuckey, Alex, Odhams, Christopher A., Walker, Susan, Russell, Clark D., Malinauskas, Tomas, Wu, Yang, Shen, Xia, Elliott, Katherine S., Morrice, Kirstie, Keating, Sean, Wang, Bo, Rhodes, Daniel, Klaric, Lucija, Zechner, Marie, Parkinson, Nick, Fawkes, Angie, Murphy, Lee, Vitart, Veronique, Wilson, James F., Yang, Jian, Scott, Richard H., Moutsianas, Loukas, Law, Andy, Begg, Colin, Hendry, Sara Clohisey, Hinds, Charles, Horby, Peter, Knight, Julian, Ling, Lowell, Maslove, David, McAuley, Danny, Millar, Johnny, Montgomery, Hugh, Nichol, Alistair, Openshaw, Peter J. M., Ponting, Chris P., Rowan, Kathy, Semple, Malcolm G., Shankar-Hari, Manu, Summers, Charlotte, Walsh, Timothy, Pan, Jacqueline, Grau, Neus, Jones, Tim Owen, Lim, Rosario, Marotti, Martina, Whitton, Christopher, Bociek, Aneta, Campos, Sara, Arbane, Gill, Ostermann, Marlies, Cha, Mina, DAmato, Fabiola, Kosifidou, Eirini, Lorah, Shelley, Morera, Kyma, Brady, Laura, Hugill, Keith, Henning, Jeremy, Bonner, Stephen, Headlam, Evie, Jones, Jessica, List, Abigail, Morley, Joanne, Welford, Amy, Kamangu, Bobette, Ratnakumar, Anitha, Shoremekun, Abiola, Alldis, Zoe, Astin-Chamberlain, Raine, Bibi, Fatima, Biddle, Jack, Blow, Sarah, Bolton, Matthew, Borra, Catherine, Bowles, Ruth, Burton, Maudrian, Choudhury, Yasmin, Cox, Amber, Easthope, Amy, Ebano, Patrizia, Fotiadis, Stavros, Gurasashvili, Jana, Halls, Rosslyn, Hartridge, Pippa, Kallon, Delordson, Kassam, Jamila, Lancoma-Malcolm, Ivone, Matharu, Maninderpal, May, Peter, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Newman, Tabitha, Patel, Mital, Pheby, Jane, Pinzuti, Irene, Prime, Zoe, Prysyazhna, Oleksandra, Shiel, Julian, Taylor, Melanie, Tierney, Carey, Zongo, Olivier, Wood, Suzanne, Zak, Anne, Collier, David, Mundy, Manuela, Thompson, Christopher, Pritchard, Lisa, Gellamucho, Minnie, Cartlidge, David, Bandla, Nageswar, Bailey, Lucy, Davies, Michelle, Delaney, Jane, Scott, Leanne, Abdelrazik, Marwa, Alasdair, Frater, Carter, David, Elhassan, Munzir, Ganesan, Arunkumar, Jenkins, Samuel, Lamond, Zoe, Purohit, Dharam, Rohit, Kumar, Saleem, Malik, Wall, Alanna, Xavier, Kugan, Bakthavatsalam, Dhanalaksmi, Gehad, Kirolos, Gnanapragasam, Pakeerathan, Jain, Kapil, Jain, Swati, Malik, Abdul, Pappachan, Naveen, Moreno-Cuesta, Jeronimo, Haldeos, Anne, Vincent, Rachel, Oziegb, Maryjane, Cavazza, Anna, Cockrell, Maeve, Corcoran, Eleanor, Depante, Maria, Finney, Clare, Jerome, Ellen, Knighton, Abigail, Nayak, Monalisa, Pappa, Evita, Saha, Rohit, Saha, Sian, Dodd, Andrew, O’Reilly, Kevin, McPhail, Mark, Clarey, Emma, Noble, Harriet, Smith, John, Coghlan, Phoebe, Brett, Stephen, Gordon, Anthony, Templeton, Maie, Antcliffe, David, Banach, Dorota, Darnell, Sarah, Fernandez, Ziortza, Jepson, Eleanor, Mohammed, Amal, Rojo, Roceld, Arias, Sonia Sousa, Gurung, Anita Tamang, Wong, Jenny, Fernandez-Roman, Jaime, Hamilton, David O., Johnson, Emily, Johnston, Brian, Martinez, Maria Lopez, Mulla, Suleman, Waite, Alicia A. C., Williams, Karen, Waugh, Victoria, Welters, Ingeborg, Emblem, Jessica, Norris, Maria, Shaw, David, Bashyal, Archana, Beer, Sally, Hutton, Paula, McKechnie, Stuart, Davidson, Neil, Mathew, Soya, Readion, Grace, Ryu, Jung, Wilson, Jean, Agrawal, Shruti, Elston, Kay, Jones, Megan, Meaney, Eoghan, Polgarova, Petra, Elbehery, Muhammad, Daubney, Esther, Ng, Anthony, Marshall, Jocelyn, Pathan, Nazima, Stroud, Katerina, White, Deborah, Andrew, Angela, Ashraf, Saima, Clark, Amy, Dent, Martin, Langley, Margaret, Peters, Cecilia, Ryan, Lucy, Sampson, Julia, Wei, Shuying, Baddeley, Alice, Meredith, Megan, Morris, Lucy, Gibbons, Alexandra, McLoughlin, Lisa, Delgado, Carlos Castro, Clark, Victoria, Dawson, Deborah, Ding, Lijun, Durrant, Georgia, Ezeobu, Obiageri, Harrison, Abiola, Hurt, William James, Kanu, Rebecca, Kinch, Ashley, Leaver, Susannah, Lisboa, Ana, Mathew, Jisha, Patel, Kamal, Saluzzio, Romina Pepermans, Rawlins, John, Samakomva, Tinashe, Shah, Nirav, Sicat, Christine, Texeira, Joana, Queiroz, Joana Gomes De, Gloria, Edna Fernandes Da, Maccacari, Elena, Yun, Nikki, Manna, Soumendu, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Maizcordoba, Maria, Thanasi, Maria, Ali, Hawakin Haji, Hastings, Janice, Grauslyte, Lina, Hussain, Musarat, Ruge, Bobby, King, Sam, Pogreban, Tatiana, Rosaroso, Lace, Smith, Helen, Phull, Mandeep-Kaur, Adams, Nikkita, Franke, George, George, Aparna, Salciute, Erika, Wong, Joanna, Dunne, Karen, Flower, Luke, Sharland, Emma, Sra, Sukhmani, Andrew, Gillian, Callaghan, Marie, Barclay, Lucy, Marshall, Lucy, Amamio, Maria, Birch, Sophie, Briton, Kate, Clark, Sarah, Doverman, Katerine, Hope, Dave, Mcculloch, Corrienne, Simpson, Scott, Singleton, Jo, Fernandez, Rita, Allen, Meryem, Baptista, David, Crowe, Rebecca, Fox, Jonathan, Khera, Jacyntha, Loveridge, Adam, McKenley, India, Morino, Eriko, Naranjo, Andres, O’Connor, Denise, Simms, Richard, Sollesta, Kathryn, Swain, Andrew, Venkatesh, Harish, Herdman-Grant, Rosie, Joseph, Anna, Nown, Angela, Rose, Steve, Pogson, David, Boxall, Helen, Brimfield, Lutece, Claridge, Helen, Daly, Zoe, George, Shenu, Gribbin, Andrew, Cheema, Yusuf, Cutler, Sean, Richards, Owen, Roynon-Reed, Anna, Cherian, Shiney, Heron, Anne Emma, Williams, Gemma, Szakmany, Tamas, Waters, Abby, Collins, Kim, Dunhill, Jill, Jones, Ffion, Morris, Rebecca, Ship, Lucy, Cardwell, Amy, Ali, Syamlan, Bhatterjee, Ravi, Bolton, Rachel, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Coleman, Dabheoc, Dalziel, Jack, Dykes, Joseph, Fine, Christopher, Gay, Bethan, Goddard, Wendy, Goodchild, Drew, Harling, Rhiannan, Hijazi, Muhammad, Keith, Sarah, Khan, Meherunnisa, Matt, Roseanna, Ryan-Smith, Janet, Saad, Samuel, Springle, Philippa, Thomas, Jacqueline, Truman, Nick, Kazi, Aayesha, Smith, Matthew, Collier, Heather, Davison, Chloe, Duberley, Stephen, Hargreaves, Jeanette, Hartley, Janice, Patel, Tahera, Smith, Ellen, Kent, Alissa, Goodwin, Emma, Zaki, Ahmed, Tibke, Clare, Hopkins, Susan, Gerrard, Hywel, Jackson, Matthew, Bennett, Sara, Marsh, Liane, Mills, Rebecca, Bell, Jessica, Campbell, Helen, Dawson, Angela, Dodds, Steve, Duffy, Stacey, Gallagher, Lisa, McCafferty, Gemma, Short, Stacey, Smith, Tracy, Thomas, Kirsty, Walker, Claire, Reynolds, Jessica, Yates, Bryan, McKie, Hayley, Panteli, Maria, Thompson, Maria, Waddell, Gail, Beger, Sarah De, Abraheem, Azmerelda, Dunmore, Charlie, Girach, Rumanah, Jones, Rhianna, London, Emily, Nagra, Imrun, Nasir, Farah, Sainsbury, Hannah, Smedley, Clare, Brearey, Stephen, Burchett, Caroline, Cawley, Kathryn, Faulkner, Maria, Jeffrey, Helen, Bamford, Peter, Shaikh, Firdaus, Slack, Lauren, Davies, Angela, Brooke, Hollie, Suarez, Jose Cebrian, Charlesworth, Ruth, Hansson, Karen, Norris, John, Poole, Alice, Sandhu, Rajdeep, Smithson, Elizabeth, Thirumaran, Muthu, Wagstaff, Veronica, Buckley, Sarah, Sloan, Brendan, Rose, Alastair, Major, Amy, Metcalfe, Alexandra, Almaden-Boyle, Christine, Austin, Pauline, Chapman, Susan, Eros, Alexandre, Cabrelli, Louise, Cole, Stephen, Whyte, Clare, Casey, Matt, Bafitis, Vasileios, Tsinaslanidis, George, George, Cassandra, Khade, Reena, Black, Christopher, Ashok, Sundar Raj, Farley, Sean, Brinkworth, Elaine, Harford, Rachel, Murphy, Carl, Williams, Marie, Newey, Luke, Toghill, Hannah, Lewis, Sophie, Rees, Tabitha, Battle, Ceri, Baker, Mark, Travers, Jenny, Chesters, Karen, Baxter, Nicola, Arnott, Andrew, McCreath, Gordan, McParland, Christopher, Rooney, Laura, Sim, Malcolm, Henderson, Steven, Abel, Lynn, Dalton, Carol, Kennedy-Hay, Sophie, O’Donohoe, Lynn, O’Hare, Megan, Orlikowska, Izabela, Parker, Natasha, McNeela, Fiona, Lyle, Amanda, Hughes, Alistair, Radhakrishnan, Jayachandran, Gibson, Sian, Bancroft, Hollie, Bellamy, Mary, Daglish, Jacqueline, Kadiri, Salma, Moore, Faye, Rhodes, Joanne, Sangombe, Mirriam, Peterkin, Zhane, Scriven, James, Carmody, Margaret, Cottle, Juliet, Peasgood, Emily, de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Phillips, Claire, Skinner, Denise, Cinquina, Zoe, Howard, Kate, Joy, Rosie, Roche, Samantha, Birkinshaw, Isobel, Carter, Joseph, Ingham, Jo, Marshall, Nicola, Pearson, Harriet, Scott, Zoe, Dasgin, Jo, Gill, Jaspret, Nilsson, Annette, Bamford, Amy, Hull, Diana, Ahmadhaider, Nafeesah, Bates, Michelle, McGhee, Christopher, Ellis, Hannah, Howe, Gwenllian Sera, Singh, Jayaprakash, Stroud, Natalie, Roche, Lisa, Lynch, Ceri, Deacon, Bethan, Pothecary, Carla, Smeaton, Justyna, Agravante, Kevin, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Diaba, Cynthia, John, Lincy, Lim, Lai, Jha, Rajeev, Egan, Jasmine, Felton, Timothy, Glasgow, Susannah, Padden, Grace, Choudhr, Ozerah, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Moss, Stuart, Lingeswaran, Saejohn, Alexander, Peter, Brandwood, Craig, Fiouni, Sofia, Ward, Luke, Allen, Schvearn, Shaw, Jane, Smith, Christopher, Adanini, Oluronke, Collins, Rebecca, Msiska, Maines, Ofori, Linda, Bhatia, Nikhil, Dolan, Hayley, Brunton, Mark, Caterson, Jess, Coles, Holly, Keating, Liza, Tilney, Emma, Jacques, Nicola, Frise, Matthew, Armistead, Jennifer, Bartley, Shauna, Bhuie, Parminder, Rai, Sabi, Tomkova, Gabriela, Greer, Sandra, Shuker, Karen, Tridente, Ascanio, Dobson, Emma, Hunt, Jodie, Tully, Redmond, Dearden, Joy, Drummond, Andrew, Kamath, Prakash, Bullock, Emily, Mulcahy, Michelle, Munt, Shelia, O’Connor, Grainne, Philbin, Jennifer, Rishton, Chloe, Scott, Chloe, Winnard, Sarah, Hasni, Nurkamalia, Gascoyne, Rachel, Hawes, Joanne, Pritchard, Kelly, Stevenson, Lesley, Whileman, Amanda, Beavis, Sarah, Bishop, Lauren, Cart, Cindy, Dale, Katie, Kelly-Baxter, Mary, Mendelski, Adam, Moakes, Emma, Smith, Rheanna, Woodward, Jan, Wright, Stephanie, Allan, Angela, Botello, Adriana, Liew, Jade, Medhora, Jasmine, Trumper, Erin, Savage, Felicity, Scott, Teresa, Place, Marc, Kaye, Callum, Benyon, Sarah, Marriott, Suzie, Park, Linda, Quinn, Helen, Skyes, Daisy, Zitter, Lily, Baines, Kizzy, Gordon, Elizabeth, Keenan, Samantha, Pitt, Andrew, Duffy, Katharine, Ireland, Jane, Semple, Gary, Turner, Lynne, Cathcart, Susanne, Rimmer, Dominic, Puxty, Alex, Puxty, Kathryn, Hurst, Andrew, Miller, Jennifer, Speirs, Susan, Walker, Lauren, Bradshaw, Zena, Brown, Joanna, Melling, Sarah, Preston, Stephen, Slawson, Nicola, Warden, Scott, Beasley, Alanna, Stoddard, Emma, Benham, Leonie, Cupitt, Jason, Caswell, Melanie, Elawamy, Lisa, Wignall, Ashleigh, Roberts, Belinda, Golding, Hannah, Leggett, Samantha, Male, Michelle, Marani, Martyna, Prager, Kirsty, Williams, Toran, Golder, Kim, Jones, Oliver, Cusack, Rebecca, Bolger, Clare, Burnish, Rachel, Carter, Michael, Jackson, Susan, Salmon, Karen, Biss, Jonathan, Aquino, Maia, Croft, Maria, Frost, Victoria, White, Ian, Govender, Keshnie, Webb, Natasha, Stapleton, Liana, Wells, Colin, Nikitas, Nikitas, Sanchez - Rodriguez, Ana, Spencer, Kayleigh, Stowe, Bethan, Izzard, Yvonne, Poole, Michelle, Monnery, Sonja, Trotman, Sallyanne, Beech, Valerie, Combes, Edward, Joefield, Teishel, Covernton, Patrick, Savage, Sarah, Woodward, Elizabeth, Camsooksai, Julie, Reschreiter, Henrik, Barclay, Charlotte, DeAth, Yasmin, Dube, Judith, Humphrey, Charlotte, Jenkins, Sarah, Langridge, Emma, Milne, Rebecca, Wadams, Beverley, Woolcock, Megan, Brett, Michael, Digby, Brian, Gemmell, Lisa, Hornsby, James, MacGoey, Patrick, O’Neil, Pauline, Price, Richard, Sundaram, Radha, Rodden, Natalie, Thomson, Nicola, Rooney, Kevin, Currie, Susan, Henderson, Philip, Ogg, Bethan, Whiteley, Simon, Wilby, Liz, Long, Kate, Matthew, Shailamma, Salada, Sheila, Trott, Susan, Watts, Sarah, Friar, Zoe, Speight, Abigail, Bastion, Victoria, Chandna, Humza, Djeugam, Brice, Haseeb, Muhammad, Kent, Harriet, Lubimbi, Gamu, Murdoch, Sophie, Thomas, Alastair, David, Beena, Lorusso, Rachel, Vochin, Ana, Penacerrada, Melchizedek, Wulandari, Retno, Heath, Charlotte, Jakkula, Srinivas, Morris, Anna, Ahmed, Ashar, Nune, Arvind, Buttriss, Claire, Whitaker, Emma, Davey, Miriam, Golden, David, Acklery, Amy, Fernandes, Fabio, Seaman, Bec, Earl, Victoria, Collins, Amy, Khaliq, Waqas, Adam, Rachel, Treus, Estefania, Holland, Sarah, Alfonso, Jordan, Blackledge, Bethan, Bruce, Michelle, Durrans, Laura Jayne, Eltayeb, Ayaa, Harris, Jade, Hey, Samuel, Hruska, Martin, Lamb, Thomas, Rothwell, Joanne, Fitzgerald, Adele, Lindergard, Gabriella, T-Michael, Helen, Duncan, Tracey, Baxter-Dore, Sharon, Cooper, Lisa, Fox, Claire, Guerin, Jacinta, Hodgkiss, Tracey, Connolly, Karen, McAlinden, Paul, Bridgett, Victoria, Fearby, Maggie, Gulati, A., Hanson, Helen, Kelly, Sinead, McCormack, Louise, Nixon, Rachel, Robinson, Philip, Slater, Victoria, Stephenson, Elaine, Webster, Andrea, Webster, K., Hays, Carole, Hudson, Anne, Patel, Bijal, Clement, Ian, Davis, John, Francis, Sarah, Jerry, Douglas, Abernathy, Caroline, Foster, Louise, Gratrix, Andrew, Cabral-Ortega, Llucia, Hines, Matthew, Martinson, Victoria, Stones, Elizabeth, Winter, Karen, Barrow, Esther, Wylie, Katharine, Baines, Deborah, Birchall, Katie, Kolakaluri, Laurel, Clark, Richard, Sukumaran, Anila, Barker, Melanie, Paripoorani, Deborah, Smith, Lara, Taylor, Charlotte, Downes, Charlotte, Hayman, Melanie, Riches, Katie, Daniel, Priya, Subramanian, Deepak, Holding, Kathleen, Hilton, Mary, Mcdonald, Carly, Richardson, Georgina, Halladay, Georgia, Harding, Peter, Reddy, Amie, Turner-Bone, Ian, Wilding, Laura, Parker, Robert, Lloyd, Michaela, Smith, Leanne, Kelly, Charlie, Lazo, Maria, Neal, Alan, Walton, Olivia, Melville, Julie, Naisbitt, Jay, Joseph, Rosane, Callam, Sara, Hudig, Lisa, Keshet-Price, Jocelyn, Stammers, Katie, Convery, Karen, Randell, Georgina, Fottrell-gould, Deirdre, Mwaura, Esther, Sutherland, Sara-Beth, Stewart, Richard, Mew, Louise, Wren, Lynn, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Willis, Heather, Hopkins, Bridget, Lenton, Daniel, Roberts, Abigail, Bokhari, Maria, Lucas, Rachael, McCormick, Wendy, Ritzema, Jenny, Linnett, Vanessa, Sanderson, Amanda, Wild, Helen, Flanagan, Rebecca, Hull, Robert, Rhead, Kat, McKenna, Emma, Hughes, Gareth, Anderson, Jennifer, Jones, Kelly, Latham, Scott, Riley, Heather, Coulding, Martina, Clark, Martyn, McCormick, Jacqueline, Mercer, Oliver, Potla, Darsh, Rehman, Hafiz, Savill, Heather, Turner, Victoria, Jude, Edward, Kilroy, Susan, Apetri, Elena, Basikolo, Cathrine, Catlow, Laura, Collis, Matthew, Doonan, Reece, Harvey, Alice, Knowles, Karen, Lee, Stephanie, Lomas, Diane, Lyons, Chloe, McMorrow, Liam, Michael, Angiy, Pendlebury, Jessica, Perez, Jane, Poulaka, Maria, Proudfoot, Nicola, Slevin, Kathryn, Thomas, Vicky, Walker, Danielle, Dark, Paul, Charles, Bethan, McLaughlan, Danielle, Slaughter, Melanie, Horner, Dan, Marsden, Tracy, Andrews, Joyann, Beech, Emily, Akinkugbe, Olugbenga, Bamford, Alasdair, Belfield, Holly, Jones, Gareth A. L., McHugh, Tara, Meghari, Hamza, Ray, Samiran, Tomas, Ana Luisa, O’Neill, Lauran, Peters, Mark, Bell, Michael, Benkenstein, Sarah, Chisholm, Catherine, Davies, Charlene, Kupiec, Klaudia, Payne, Caroline, Halls, Joanna, Blakemore, Hayley, Goff, Elizabeth, Hayes, Kati, Smith, Kerry, Stephens, Deanna, Worner, Ruth, Borislavova, Borislava, Faulkner, Beverley, Thomas, Matt, Cookson, Ruth, Gendall, Emma, Larman, Georgina, Pope, Rebecca, Smalira, Artur, Priestley, Victoria, Cosier, Tracey, Millen, Gemma, Rand, James, Schumacher, Natasha, Sandhar, Roxana, Weston, Heather, Richardson, Neil, Cooper, Lucy, Jones, Cathy, Huang, Ya-Wen Jessica, Jacob, Reni, Denmade, Craig, Mcintyre, Lewis, Trodd, Dawn, Martin, Jane, Watson, Geoff, Bevan, Emily, Wreybrown, Caroline, Bano, Shereen, Bellwood, Ruth, Bentley, Michael, Bromley, Matt, Gurr, Lucy, Ledgard, Camilla, McGowan, Janet, Pye, Kate, Sellick, Kirsten, Stacey, Amelia, Warren, Deborah, Wilkinson, Brian, Akeroyd, Louise, Shafique, Huma, Morgan, James, Shorter, Susan, Swinger, Rachel, Waters, Emily, Lawton, Tom, Allan, Elizabeth, Darlington, Kate, Davies, Ffyon, Davies, Llinos, Easton, Jack, Kumar, Sumit, Lean, Richard, Mackay, Callum, Pugh, Richard, Qiu, Xinyi, Rees, Stephanie, Scanlon, Jeremy, Lewis, Joanne, Menzies, Daniel, Bolger, Annette, Davies, Gwyneth, Davies, Jennifer, Garrod, Esther, Jones, Helen, Manley, Rachel, Williams, Hannah, Frankham, Jordan, Pitts, Sally, White, Nigel, Branney, Debbie, Tiller, Heather, Efford, Georgia, Garland, Zoe, Grimmer, Lisa, Gumbrill, Bethany, Johnson, Rebekah, Sweet, Katie, Bewley, Jeremy, Coleman, Christina, Corcoran, Katie, Morano, Eva Maria Hernandez, Shiel, Rachel, Webster, Denise, Bonnici, Josephine, Daniel, Eleanor, Dell, Abbie, Kent, Melanie, Wilkinson, Ami, Brown, Ellen, Kay, Andrea, Campbell, Suzanne, Cowton, Amanda, Birt, Mark, Greenaway, Vicki, Potts, Kathryn, Hutton, Clare, Shepperson, Andrew, Forsey, Miranda, Nicholson, Alice, Vertue, Mark, Riches, Joanne, Kaliappan, Agilan, Nicholson, Anne, MacCallum, Niall, Raith, Eamon, Bercades, Georgia, Hass, Ingrid, Brealey, David, Martir, Gladys, Reyes, Anna, Smyth, Deborah, Zapatamartinez, Maria, Alvaro, Ana, Jetha, Champa, Ma, Louise, Booker, Lauren, Mostoles, Loreta, Pratley, Anezka, Altabaibeh, Abdelhakim, Parmar, Chetan, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Ferguson, Susie, Shepherd, Amy, Morris, Sheila, Baruah, Rosie, Lloyd, Georgina, Bell, Stephanie, Rivers, Vanessa, Purewal, Bally, Hammerton, Kate, Anderson, Susan, Birch, Janine, Collins, Emma, Oleary, Ryan, Cornell, Sarah, Jarmain, Jordan, Rogerson, Kimberley, Wakinshaw, Fiona, Woods, Lindsey, Rostron, Anthony, Elcioglu, Zeynep, Roy, Alistair, Bell, Gillian, Dickson, Holly, Wilcox, Louise, Katary, Amro, English, Katy, Hutter, Joanne, Pawley, Corinne, Doble, Patricia, Shovelton, Charmaine, Vaida, Marius, Purnell, Rebecca, Thomas, Ashly, Cagova, Lenka, Fofano, Adama, Holcombe, Helen, Mitchell, Alice Michael, Mwaura, Lucy, Praman, KrithivasanÂ, Garnr, Lucie, Mepham, Sue, Paques, Kitty, Vuylsteke, Alain, Mackie, Jennifer, Pearn, Carmen, Zamikula, Julie, Nyirenda, Maggie, Capozzi, Lisa, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Noor, Hazma, Nilo, Alfa Cresia, Grove, Michelle, Daniel, Amelia, Finn, Joanne, White, Nikki, Saha, Rajnish, Badal, Bibi, Ixer, Karen, Duffin, Donna, Player, Ben, Hill, Helen, Cole, Jade, Brooks, Jenny, Davies, Rhys, Hunt, Lauren, Thomas, Emma, Williams, Angharad, Oblak, Metod, Thankachen, Mini, Irisari, Jamie, Sayan, Amrinder, Popescu, Monica, Finch, Cheryl, Jamieson, Andrew, Quinn, Alison, Cooper, Joshua, Liderth, Sarah, Waddington, Natalia, Burn, Iona, Manso, Katarina, Penn, Ruth, Tebbutt, Julie, Thornton, Danielle, Winchester, James, Hambrook, Geraldine, Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep, Craig, Jayne, Simpson, Kerry, Higham, Andrew, Sibbett, Louise, Paine, Sheila, Reed, Annabel, Conyngham, Jo-Anna, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Thomas, Rachel, Wright, Mary, Griffin, Denise, Partridge, Richard, Corral, Maria Alvarez, Muchenje, Nycola, Sitonik, Mildred, Butler, Aaron, Folkes, Linda, Fox, Heather, Gardner, Amy, Helm, David, Hobden, Gillian, King, Kirsten, Margalef, Jordi, Margarson, Michael, Martindale, Tim, Meadows, Emma, Raynard, Dana, Thirlwall, Yvette, Baird, Yolanda, Gomez, Raquel, Martin, Darren, Hodgson, Luke, Corin, Clinton, Sidall, Erikka, Szabo, Densie, Floyd, Sharon, Davies, Hannah, Austin, Karen, Kelsall, Olivia, Wood, Hannah, Cornell, Thomas, Ralph, Kate, Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Spivey, Michael, Richards, Carol, Tedstone, Rachel, Carmody, Siobhain, Zhao, Xiaobei, Page, Valerie, Guanco, Mark Louie, Hoxha, Elvira, Zorloni, Camilla, Dean, Charlotte, Jones, Emma, Carter, Emma, Dunn, Joshua, Kong, Thomas, Mahenthran, Mervin, Marsh, Chris, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Lyons, Marc, Wassall, Helen, Young, Meghan, Bradley, Paul, Burda, Dorota, Donlon, Sinead, Harden, Lesley, Harris, Celia, Mayangao, Irving, Montaser, Rugia, Mtuwa, Sheila, Piercy, Charles, Smith, Eleanor, Stone, Sarah, Verula, Jerik, Blackman, Helen, Marriott, Cheryl, Michalak, Natalia, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Salberg, Armorel, Boyer, Naomi, Pristopan, Veronika, Maynard, Victoria, Walker, Rachel, Hormis, Anil, Collier, Dawn, Graham, Cheryl, McCormick, Jake, Warrington, Jake, Cosgrove, Denise, McFarland, Denise, Ratcliffe, Judith, Charnock, Rob, Wynter, Inez, Gill, Mandy, Kirk, Jill, Paul, Paul, Ratnam, Valli, Shelton, Sarah, Jardine, Catherine, Hay, Alasdair, Williams, Dewi, Durga, Latha, Hibbert, Meg, Kennard-Holden, Gareth, Woodford, Chrsitopher, Tetla, Dariusz, Price, Alicia, Thomas, Alice, Thorpe, Chris, Knights, Ellen, Ward, Donna, Laha, Shondipon, Verlander, Mark, Williams, Alexandra, Prout, Rachel, Langton, Helen, Watters, Malcolm, Hunt, Charlotte, Novis, Catherine, Arif, Sarwat, Cunningham, Amy, Hewitt, Claire, Hindale, Julia, Jackson-Lawrence, Karen, Shepardson, Sarah, Wills, Maryanne, Butler, Susie, Tavares, Silivia, Barber, Russell, Hilldrith, Annette, Hubbard, Kelly, Egginton, Dawn, Clark, Michele, Purvis, Sarah, Sinclair, Simon, Collins, Vicky, Landeg, Bethan, Sell, Craig, Coetzee, Samantha, Gales, Alistair, Otahal, Igor, Icke, Becky, Raj, Meena, Williams, Caroline, Williams, Jill, Hill, Lucy, Kayani, Abdul, Masunda, Bridgett, Gondo, Prisca, Atayeva, Nigara, Cruz, Carina, Pattison, Natalie, Burnett, Caroline, Hatton, Jonathan, Heeney, Elaine, Newton, Maria, Al-Moasseb, Hassan, Behan, Teresa, Player, Jasmine, Stead, Rachael, Mitra, Atideb, Nauyokas, Kirsty, Humphreys, Sally, Cockerill, Helen, Tampsett, Ruth, Postovalova, Evgeniya, Coventry, Tina, McGregor, Amanda, Fowler, Susan, Macmahon, Mike, Cochrane, Patricia, Pirie, Sandra, Hanley, Sarah, Ali, Asifa, Brady, Megan, Dale, Sam, Dance, Annalisa, Gledhill, Lisa, Greig, Jill, Hanson, Kathryn, Holdroyd, Kelly, Home, Marie, Ishaq, Tahira, Kelly, Diane, Matapure, Lear, Melia, Deborah, Mellor, Samantha, Merwaha, Ekta, Nortcliffe, Tonicha, Shaw, Lisa, Shaw, Ryan, Wood, Tracy, Bayo, Lee-Ann, Usher, Miranda, Wilson, Alison, Kitson, Ross, Pinnell, Jez, Robinson, Matthew, Boltwood, Kaitlin, Birch, Jenny, Bough, Laura, Tutton, Rebecca, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Goodsell, Josie, Taylor, Kate, Williams, Patricia, Williams, Sarah, Cave, Ashleigh, Rees, James, Imeson-Wood, Janet, Smith, Jacqueline, Amin, Vishal, Karthik, Komala, Kausar, Rizwana, Anastasescu, Elena, Reid, Karen, Anumakonda, Vikram, Stoddart, Ella, Demetriou, Carrie, Eckbad, Charlotte, Howie, Lucy, Mitchard, Sarah, Ramos, Lidia, White, Katie, Hierons, Sarah, Kelly, Fiona, Serrano-Ruiz, Alfredo, Evans, Gabrielle, Nicol, Liz, Wilkins, Joy, Hulacka, Kim, Debreceni, Gabor, Brown, Alison, Crickmore, Vikki, Hill, Kay, Kannan, Thogulava, Dagutao, Zenaida, Beesley, Kate, Lewis, Alison, Perry, Jess, Antony, Sherly, Board, Sarah, Buckley, Clare, Pippard, Lucy, Tanate, Alfonso, Wood, Diane, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieska, Gouda, Ayman, Auld, Fiona, Donnachie, Joanne, Murdoch, Euan, Prentice, Lynn, Runciman, Nikole, Senaratne, Dhaneesha, Short, Abigail, Sweeney, Laura, Symon, Lesley, Todd, Anne, Turner, Patricia, McCann, Erin, Salutous, Dario, Edmond, Ian, Whitelaw, Lesley, Bland, Yvonne, Kajtor, Istvan, Kavanagh, Lisa, Singler, Karen, Linfield-Brown, George, Moore, Luke Stephen Prockter, Vizcaychipi, Marcela, Martins, Laura, Moore, Luke, Bull, Rhian, Carungcong, Jaime, Allen, Louise, Beranova, Eva, Knight, Alicia, Price, Carly, Tilbey, Sorrell, Turney, Sharon, Hazelton, Tracy, Tutt, Gabriella, Arora, Mansi, Turki, Salah, Sinfield, Emily, Deery, Joanne, Ramos, Hazel, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, Natalie, Farzad, Zohreh, Gummadi, Mahitha, Salmi, Sara, Sloane, Geraldine, Varghese, Mathew, Thwaites, Vicky, Patel, Brijesh, Kamal, Liyanage, Zborowski, Anelise Catelan, Coe, Ryan, Anderson, Madeleine, Beadle, Jane, Coates, Charlotte, Collins, Katy, Crowley, Maria, Johnson, Laura, King, Laura, Paramsothy, Remi, Sargeant, Janet, Silva, Pedro, Stuart, Carmel, Taylor, June, Tyl, David, Wakefield, Phillipa, Kamundi, Charlotte, Olufuwa, Olumide, Belagodu, Zakaulla, Gherman, Anca, Oakley, Naomi, Allan, John, Geary, Tim, Meikle, Alistair, O’Brien, Peter, Wood, Stephen, Clark, Andrew, Houston, Gordon, Black, Karen, Clarkson, Michelle, D’Sylva, Stuart, Morrison, Alan, Norman, Kathryn, Taylor, Margaret, Clements, Suzanne, Cohrane, Catriona, Gonzalez, Nora, Strachan, Dominic, Beith, Claire, Moar, Kirsten, Anderson, Peter, Archer, Katie, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Clayton, Sarah, Cother, Naiara, Cowley, Nicholas, Davis, Caroline, Digby, Stephen, Durie, Alison, Harrison, Alison, Low, Emma, McAlindon, Michael, McCurdy, Alex, Morgan, Aled, Rankin, Tobias, Thrush, Jessica, Tranter, Helen, Vigurs, Charlie, Wild, Laura, Murphy, Lorna, Smythe, Michelle, Brickell, Kathy, Ali, Inthakab Ali Mohamed, Beaumont, Karen, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Fernandes, Kay, Ally, Sameena Mohamed, Rangarajan, Harini, Sarathy, Varun, Selvanayagam, Sivarupan, Vedage, Dave, White, Matthew, Coton, Zoe, Joshy, Aricsa, Blunt, Mark, Curgenven, Hollie, Botfield, Liam, Dexter, Catherine, Kuravi, Aditya, Butler, Joanne, Chadwick, Robert, Ranga, Poonam, Richardson, Lisa, Virgilio, Emma, Anwer, Maddiha, Garg, Atul, Botfield, Donna, Marriott, Xana, Stewart, Keely, Mullan, Dee, Gaylard, Jane, Nowak, Justyna, Jones, Sian, Crawley, Rikki, Crew, Abigail, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Harrison, Laura, Hope, Susan, Lancaster, Nicola, Matthews, Jamie, Wray, Gemma, Inweregbu, Ken, Cutts, Sarah, Miller, Katharine, Brady, Ailbhe, Chan, Rebekah, McIvor, Shane, Prady, Helena, Mathew, Bijoy, Little, Jeff, Furniss, Tim, Wright, Chris, King, Bernadette, Wasson, Christopher, O’Neill, Aisling, Turley, Christine, McGuigan, Peter, Collins, Erin, Finn, Stephanie, Green, Jackie, McAuley, Julie, Nair, Abitha, Quinn, Charlotte, Tauro, Suzanne, Ward, Kathryn, McGinlay, Michael, Reddy, Kiran, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Anderson, Samantha, Barker, Joann, Bauchmuller, Kris, Birchall, Kathryn, Bird, Sarah, Cawthron, Kay, Chetam, Luke, Cole, Joby, Donne, Ben, Foote, David, Ford, Amber, Hanratty, Helena, Harrington, Kate, Hesseldon, Lisa, Housley, Kay, Jackson, Yvonne, Jarman, Claire, Kibutu, Faith, Lenagh, Becky, Macharia, Irene, Masuko, Shamiso, Milner, Leanne, Newell, Helen, Nwafor, Lorenza, Oxspring, Simon, Phillips, Patrick, Raithatha, Ajay, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Smith, Jacqui, Thompson, Roger, Trower, Helen, Walker, Sara, Watson, James, Wiles, Matthew, Lye, Alison, Willson, Jayne, Mills, Gary, Harris, Sansha, Hartill, Eleanor, Barron, Anthony, Collins, Ciara, Kaul, Sundeep, Nolan, Claire, Polgar, Oliver, Prendergast, Claire, Rogers, Paula, Shokkar, Rajvinder, Woodruff, Meriel, Mahay, Kanta, Reed, Anna, Meyrick, Hayley, Passmore, Heather, Farwell, James, O’Connell, Susan, Gregory, Jane, Barberis, Luigi, Harper, Rosemary, Smith, Tim, Armstrong, Diane, Bowey, Angie, Cowley, Anne, Corner, Andrew, Highgate, Judith, Rutherfurd, Claire, Taylor, Jo-Anne, Goodwin, Sarah, Eapen, Beena, Trim, Fiona, Donnison, Phil, Armstrong, Lisa, Bates, Hayley, Dooks, Emma, Farquhar, Fiona, Kitching, Amy, McParland, Chantal, Packham, Sophie, Hairsine, Brigid, Andreou, Premetie, Hales, Dawn, Mathews, Megha, Patel, Rekha, Barry, Peter, Flint, Neil, Hailstone, Jessica, Ghuman, Navneet, Leonard, Bethany, Lees, Rachel, Butcher, Deborah, Leng, Katy, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, O’Sullivan, Susie, Ghosh, Alison, Williams, Emma, Adams, Colene, Agasou, Anita, Arden, Tracie, Beekes, Mandy, Bowes, Amy, Boyle, Pauline, Button, Heather, Carnahan, Mandy, Carter, Anne, Childs, Danielle, Hurford, Fran, Hussain, Yasmin, Javaid, Ayesha, Jones, James, Leigh, Michael, Martin, Terry, Millward, Helen, Motherwell, Nichola, Newman, Julie, Rikunenko, Rachel, Stickley, Jo, Summers, Julie, Ting, Louise, Tivenan, Helen, Donaldson, Denise, Capps, Nigel, Cale, Emily, Jose, Sanal, Osbourne, Wendy, Pajak, Susie, Rankin, Jayne, Tonks, Louise, Baird, Tracy, Harkins, Margaret, Ruddy, Jim, West, Joe, Duffield, Joseph, Mallon, Lewis, Smith, Oliver, Smuts, Sara, Campbell, Andy, Davies, Cate, Davies, Sarah, Hughes, Rachel, Jobes, Lisa, Whitehead, Victoria, Watkins, Clare, Bowman, Fiona, Milligan, Barry, McPherson, Liane, Metherell, Stella, Harris, Nichola, Lake, Victoria, Radford, Elizabeth, Smallwood, Andy, Gopal, Shameer, Vassell, Katherine, Bell, Dina, Boyle, Rosalind, Douglas, Katie, Glass, Lynn, Lennon, Liz, Rattray, Austin, Lee, Emma, Jones, Danielle, Parsons, Penny, Attwood, Ben, Jefferson, Paul, Ranganathan, Mohan, Atwal, Inderjit, Campbell, Bridget, Day, Angela, Stagg, Camilla, Haynes, Emma, Ahmed, Cecilia, Clamp, Sarah, Colley, Julie, Haq, Risna, Hayes, Anne, Joseph, Sibet, Maqsood, Zahira, Hussain, Samia, Hulme, Jonathan, Domingos, Patience, Kumar, Rita, Purewal, Manjit, Taylor, Becky, Bunni, Lara, Latif, Monica, Jennings, Claire, Jose, Shilu, Marshall, Rebecca, Metryka, Aleksandra, Subramanian, Gayathri, Burgoyne, Adam, Tyler, Amanda, Waldron, Joanne, Hilltout, Paula, Evitts, Jayne, Ward, Geraldine, Bremmer, Pamela, Hawkins, Carl, Jackman, Sophie, Ogorek, Michal, Ashby, Kylie, Thornton, Lorraine, Mercer, Pauline, Halkes, Matthew, Revill, Adam, Saint, Bryony, Fletcher, Jo, Netherton, Kimberley, Chablani, Manish, Kirkby, Amy, Roper, Amanda, Szymiczek, Kinga, Sutherland, Isobel, O’Brien, Linda, Connell, Joanne, Davies, Kim, Lewis, Tracy, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Sathe, Sonia, Davies, Ellie, Lyon, Alex, Mapfunde, Isheunesu, Willis, Charlotte, Hitchcock, Rachael, Hall, Kathryn, King, Christopher, Fagan, Andrew, Nazari, Roonak, Worsley, Lucy, Allibone, Suzanne, Kasipandian, Vidya, Patel, Amit, Cutting, Parisa, Genetu, Roman, Mac, Ainhi, Murphy, Anthony, Ward, Sinead, Butt, Fatima, Ayers, Amanda, Harrison, Wendy, Mackintosh, Katherine, North, Julie, Ashton, Lydia, Bi, Rehana, Owen, Samantha, Winmill, Helen, Scholefield, Barney, Blowing, Hannah, Williams, Erin, Duskova, Michaela, Edwards, Michelle, Rees, Alun, Thomas, Helen, Brooks, Jolene, Phipps, Janet, Brooks, Suzanne, Dennis, Catherine, Parris, Vicki, Srikaran, Sinduya, Sukha, Anisha, McGregor, Alistair, Tiongson, Gerlynn, Adams, Katie, Andrew, Benedict, Brayne, Adam, Carter, Sasha, Findlay, Louise, Fisher, Emma, Jackson, Peter, Kaye, Duncan, Parkin, Juliet, Tuckey, Victoria, Hunt, Jane, Love, Nicholas, van Koutrick, Lynne, Hanson, Ashley, Dent, Kathy, Horsley, Elizabeth, Pearson, Sandra, Spencer, Sue, Hutchinson, Dorothy, Potoczna, Dorota, Akhtar, Muhammad Nauman, Cottam, Lisa-Jayne, Sanders, Jack, Garcia, Sara Mingo, pakou, Glykeria, Filipe, Helder, Maharajh, Amitaa, de Neef, Mark, Martin, Daniel, Eastgate, Christine, Teoh, Poh Choo, Barrett, Fiona, Bradley, Clare, Donaldson, Avril, Mascarenhas, Mairi, O’Hara, Marianne, Okeefe, Laura, Clarke, Noreen, Whiteside, Jonathan, Campbell, Rachael, Matheson, Joanna, McDonald, Deborah, Patience, Donna, Rice, Polly, Clapham, Melanie, Mutch, Rachel, Craig, Hannah, Poultney, Una, Burns, Karen, Twiss, Sophie, Barton, Janet, George, Linsha, Harrop, Clare, Mathew, Sherly, Wright, David Justin, Harrison, Rachel, Toohie, Jordan, Chandler, Ben, Turnbull, Alison, Mallinson, Janine, Elliott, Kerry, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Tench, Helen, Hobrok, Maria, Loosley, Ronda, McGuinness, Heather, Sims, Tanya, Afolabi, Deborah, Allison, Kathryn Sian, Anderson, Taya, Dore, Rachael, Jones, Dawn, Rogers, Naomi, Saunderson, Paula, Whitbread, Jennifer, O’Malley, Laura, Rad, Laura, Hawcutt, Daniel, Aldridge, Jonathan, Tolson, Melanie, Garrioch, Sweyn, Tomlinson, Joanne, Grosdenier, Michael, Loader, David, Kapoor, Ritoo, Hector, Gemma, Scherewode, Joslan, Sri-Chandana, Chunda, Stephenson, Lorraine, Marsh, Sarah, Rosa, Arnold Dela, Jhanji, Shaman, Bemand, Thomas, Howle, Ryan, Baikady, Ravishankar Rao, Thomas, Benjamin, Black, Ethel, Tatham, Kate, Gurram, Sambasivarao, Watson, Ekaterina, Quaid, Sheena, Saunderson, Anne, O’Brien, Rachel, Moultrie, Sam, Service, Jen, Cheyne, Clare, Odam, Miranda, Wiliams, Alison, Barnes, Nicky, Csabi, Peter, Rocha, Joana Da, Glynou, Louika, Huffenberger, Amy, Bryant, Jade, Pickard, Amy, Roe, Nicholas, Bellini, Arianna, Mayer, Anton, Burrow, Amy, Colley, Natalie, Evans, Jayne, Howlett, Alex, Khalifeh, Zeinab, Pryce, Jerldine, Gorman, Claire, Brady, Rebecca, Timlick, Elizabeth, Antoine, Pierre, Gupta, Abhinhav, Hardy, John, Houlden, Henry, Moncur, Eleanor, Tucci, Arianna, Tariq, Ambreen, Tagliavini, Emma, Ramsay, Becky, Fidler, Katy, Donnelly, Kevin, Hollis, Rebecca, Barr, Jocelyn, Boyd, Elizabeth, Irvine, Val, Shelley, Ben, Buckley, Julie, Hamilton, Charlene, Valdeavella, Kathryn, Bircham, Sarah, Liggett, Steven, Patil, Anand, Siddiq, Afshan, Goddard, Peter, Donovan, Sally, Zainy, Tala, Maleady-Crowe, Fiona, Todd, Linda, Salehi, Shahla, Elgar, Greg, Chan, Georgia, Arumugam, Prabhu, Patch, Christine, Rendon, Augusto, Bentley, David, Kingsley, Clare, Fowler, Tom A., Elliott, Paul, Tenesa, Albert, Aitkin, Emma, Aravindan, Latha, Armstrong, Ruth, Biggs, Heather, Boz, Ceilia, Brown, Adam, Chikowore, Primmy, Coutts, Audrey, Coyle, Judy, Cullum, Louise, Das, Sukamal, Day, Nicky, Donnelly, Lorna, Duncan, Esther, Finernan, Paul, Fourman, Max Head, Furlong, Anita, Furniss, James, Gallagher, Bernadette, Gilchrist, Tammy, Golightly, Ailsa, Hafezi, Katarzyna, Hamilton, Debbie, Hendry, Ross, Kearns, Naomi, Law, Dawn, Law, Rachel, Law, Sarah, Lidstone-Scott, Rebecca, Lauder, Christen, Macgillivray, Louise, Maclean, Alan, Mal, Hanning, McCafferty, Sarah, Mcmaster, Ellie, Meikle, Jen, Moore, Shona C., Murphy, Sheena, Mybaya, Hellen, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Zheng, Chenqing, Chen, Jiantao, Paterson, Trevor, Tucker, Petra, Schon, Katherine, Stenhouse, Andrew, Das, Mihaela, Swets, Maaike, Szoor-McElhinney, Helen, Taneski, Filip, Turtle, Lance, Wackett, Tony, Ward, Mairi, Weaver, Jane, Wrobel, Nicola, Rakitko, Alexander, Ilinsky, Valery, Yermakovich, Danat, Popov, Iaroslav, Chernitsov, Alexander, Kovalenko, Elena, Vergasova, Ekaterina, Prokhorov, Alexandr, Krasnenko, Anna, Plotnikov, Nikolay, Stetsenko, Ivan, Kim, Anna, Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Schiabor Barrett, Kelly M., Bolze, Alexandre, White, Simon, Washington, Nicole L., Lu, James T., Riffle, Stephen, Tanudjaja, Francisco, Wang, Xueqing, Ramirez, Jimmy M., Leonetti, Nicole, Sandoval, Efren, Neveux, Iva, Dabe, Shaun, Grzymski, Joseph J., Joshi, Madhvi N., Dixit, Raghav D., Shah, Pranay K., Upadhyay, Kamlesh J., Chuhan, Naresh T., Desai, Kairavi J., Shah, Meenakshi R., Modi, Bhavesh, Joshi, Chaitanya G., Pandit, Ramesh J., Singh, Indra, Ansari, Afzal I., Raval, Janvi N., Patel, Zarna Z., Moreno-Estrada, Andres, Vázquez-Pérez, Joel Armando, Castillejos-López, Manuel, Aquino-Gálvez, Arnoldo, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Ávila-Arcos, María C., Luna, María Teresa Tusié, Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo, Barberena-Jonas, Carmina, Quinto-Cortés, Consuelo D., Ávila-Arcos, Marco Antonio, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, García-García, Lourdes, Barnetche, Jesús Martinez, Alpuche-Aranda, Celia, Rivera, Juan A., Gutiérrez, Tonatiuh Barrientos, Ochoa-Guzmán, Ana, Ordoñez-Sánchez, Maria Luisa, Segura-Kato, Yayoi, Herrera-Montalvo, Luis Alonso, Mendoza-Vargas, Alfredo, Reyes-Grajeda, Juan Pablo, Cruz-Cruz, Alonso D., Velázquez-Cruz, Rafael, Torres-Espíndola, Luz María, Sierra-Vargas, Martha Patricia, Camarena, Angel, Ruiz, Víctor, Chávez-Alderete, Jaime, Jaime-Capetillo, María Esther, Guadarrama-Pérez, Cristóbal, Zúñiga-Ramos, Joaquin, Olivera-Ramírez, Alejandra, Martínez, Miguel Angel López, Serna-Muñoz, Ricardo, Garmendia, Adriana, Namkoong, Ho, Okada, Yukinori, Imoto, Seiya, Katayama, Kazuhiko, Fukunaga, Koichi, Kitagawa, Yuko, Sato, Toshiro, Hasegawa, Naoki, Kumanogoh, Atsushi, Kimura, Akinori, Ai, Masumi, Tokunaga, Katsushi, Kanai, Takanori, Miyano, Satoru, Ogawa, Seishi, Edahiro, Ryuya, Sonehara, Kyuto, Shirai, Yuya, Ishii, Makoto, Kabata, Hiroki, Masaki, Katsunori, Kamata, Hirofumi, Ikemura, Shinnosuke, Chubachi, Shotaro, Okamori, Satoshi, Terai, Hideki, Tanaka, Hiromu, Morita, Atsuho, Lee, Ho, Asakura, Takanori, Sasaki, Junichi, Morisaki, Hiroshi, Uwamino, Yoshifumi, Nanki, Kosaku, Mikami, Yohei, Tomono, Kazunori, Kato, Kazuto, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Takahashi, Meiko, Hizawa, Nobuyuki, Takeda, Yoshito, Hirata, Haruhiko, Shiroyama, Takayuki, Miyawaki, Satoru, Suzuki, Ken, Maeda, Yuichi, Nii, Takuro, Noda, Yoshimi, Niitsu, Takayuki, Adachi, Yuichi, Enomoto, Takatoshi, Amiya, Saori, Hara, Reina, Takahashi, Kunihiko, Anzai, Tatsuhiko, Hasegawa, Takanori, Ito, Satoshi, Koike, Ryuji, Endo, Akifumi, Uchimura, Yuji, Miyazaki, Yasunari, Honda, Takayuki, Tateishi, Tomoya, Tohda, Shuji, Ichimura, Naoya, Sonobe, Kazunari, Sassa, Chihiro, Nakajima, Jun, Nannya, Yasuhito, Omae, Yosuke, Takahashi, Kazuhisa, Harada, Norihiro, Hiki, Makoto, Takagi, Haruhi, Nakamura, Ai, Tagaya, Etsuko, Kawana, Masatoshi, Arimura, Ken, Ishiguro, Takashi, Takayanagi, Noboru, Isono, Taisuke, Takaku, Yotaro, Takano, Kenji, Anan, Ryusuke, Nakajima, Yukiko, Nakano, Yasushi, Nishio, Kazumi, Ueda, Soichiro, Hayashi, Reina, Tateno, Hiroki, Hase, Isano, Yoshida, Shuichi, Suzuki, Shoji, Mitamura, Keiko, Saito, Fumitake, Ueda, Tetsuya, Azuma, Masanori, Nagasaki, Tadao, Yasui, Yoshinori, Hasegawa, Yoshinori, Mutoh, Yoshikazu, Yoshiyama, Takashi, Shoko, Tomohisa, Kojima, Mitsuaki, Adachi, Tomohiro, Ishikawa, Motonao, Takahashi, Kenichiro, Watanabe, Kazuyoshi, Manabe, Tadashi, Ito, Fumimaro, Fukui, Takahiro, Funatsu, Yohei, Koh, Hidefumi, Hirai, Yoshihiro, Kawashima, Hidetoshi, Narita, Atsuya, Niwa, Kazuki, Sekikawa, Yoshiyuki, Saito, Fukuki, Yoshiya, Kazuhisa, Yoshihara, Tomoyuki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Nakayama, Sohei, Masuzawa, Keita, Nishi, Koichi, Nishitsuji, Masaru, Tani, Maiko, Inoue, Takashi, Hirano, Toshiyuki, Kobayashi, Keigo, Miyazawa, Naoki, Kimura, Yasuhiro, Sado, Reiko, Ogura, Takashi, Kitamura, Hideya, Murohashi, Kota, Nakachi, Ichiro, Baba, Rie, Arai, Daisuke, Fuke, Satoshi, Saito, Hiroshi, Kuwahara, Naota, Fujiwara, Akiko, Okada, Takenori, Baba, Tomoya, Noda, Junya, Mashimo, Shuko, Yagi, Kazuma, Shiomi, Tetsuya, Hashiguchi, Mizuha, Odani, Toshio, Mochimaru, Takao, Oyamada, Yoshitaka, Mori, Nobuaki, Izumi, Namiki, Nagata, Kaoru, Taki, Reiko, Murakami, Koji, Yamada, Mitsuhiro, Sugiura, Hisatoshi, Hayashi, Kentaro, Shimizu, Tetsuo, Gon, Yasuhiro, Fujitani, Shigeki, Tsuchida, Tomoya, Yoshida, Toru, Kagaya, Takashi, Kita, Toshiyuki, Sakagami, Satoru, Kimizuka, Yoshifumi, Kawana, Akihiko, Nakamura, Yoshihiko, Ishikura, Hiroyasu, Takata, Tohru, Kikuchi, Takahide, Taniyama, Daisuke, Nakamura, Morio, Kodama, Nobuhiro, Kaneyama, Yasunari, Maeda, Shunsuke, Nagasaki, Yoji, Okamoto, Masaki, Ishihara, Sayoko, Ito, Akihiro, Chihara, Yusuke, Takeuchi, Mayumi, Onoi, Keisuke, Hashimoto, Naozumi, Wakahara, Keiko, Ando, Akira, Masuda, Makoto, Wakabayashi, Aya, Watanabe, Hiroki, Sageshima, Hisako, Nakada, Taka-Aki, Abe, Ryuzo, Shimada, Tadanaga, Kawamura, Kodai, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nishiyama, Kenta, Yamasaki, Masaki, Hashimoto, Satoru, Kusaka, Yu, Ohba, Takehiko, Isogai, Susumu, Takada, Minoru, Kanda, Hidenori, Komase, Yuko, Sano, Fumiaki, Asano, Koichiro, Oguma, Tsuyoshi, Harada, Masahiro, Takahashi, Takeshi, Shibusawa, Takayuki, Abe, Shinji, Kono, Yuta, Togashi, Yuki, Izumo, Takehiro, Inomata, Minoru, Awano, Nobuyasu, Ogawa, Shinichi, Ogata, Tomouki, Ishihara, Shoichiro, Kanehiro, Arihiko, Ozaki, Shinji, Fuchimoto, Yasuko, Kitagawa, Yuichiro, Yoshida, Shozo, Ogura, Shinji, Nishiyama, Kei, Yoshida, Kousuke, Beppu, Satoru, Fukuyama, Satoru, Eriguchi, Yoshihiro, Yonekawa, Akiko, Inoue, Yoshiaki, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Chiba, Shigeru, Narumoto, Osamu, Nagai, Hideaki, Ooshima, Nobuharu, Motegi, Mitsuru, Sagara, Hironori, Tanaka, Akihiko, Ohta, Shin, Shibata, Yoko, Tanino, Yoshinori, Sato, Yuki, Yamada, Yuichiro, Hashino, Takuya, Shinoki, Masato, Iwagoe, Hajime, Imamura, Tomonori, Umeda, Akira, Shimada, Hisato, Endo, Mayu, Hayashi, Shinichi, Takahashi, Mai, Nakano, Shigefumi, Yatomi, Masakiyo, Maeno, Toshitaka, Ishii, Tomoo, Utsugi, Mitsuyoshi, Ono, Akihiro, Kanaoka, Kensuke, Ihara, Shoichi, Komuta, Kiyoshi, Nishida, Nao, Kawai, Yosuke, Sugiyama, Masaya, Alawneh, Laith M., Maswadeh, Kinda B., Alsoub, Fatima S., AlRawashdeh, Tala J., Esawi, Ezaldeen, Abu Alragheb, Bayan O., Maswadeh, Ahmad B., Al-Kadash, Abdulfattah, Al-Ani, Abdallah, Alsafadi, Dana B., Shahin, Mohammad A., Qtaish, Nuseibah Al, Alawneh, Fade M., Abulail, Joseph A., Zhlawi, Hadi J., Alhousani, Tasneem N., Alzuraiqi, Mohammad R., Al-Ja’afreh, Mohammad M., Allouzy, Sara K., ALjalamdeh, Mothafer, Mansour, Tareq M., Alamer, Lina M., Issa, Ali Banni, Bani younis, Fatima M., Hawari, Feras I., Hayajneh, Wail A., Obeidat, Nathir M., Ahram, Mamoun, Zhlawi, Moh’d Wahib J., Alshaer, Walhan, Al-Kasasbeh, Malak M., Naffa, Randa G., Ismail, Mohammad A., Abdullah, Mohammed S., Ismail, Said I., Obeidat, Ma’en, Hernández Cordero, Ana I., Sin, Don D., Bossé, Yohan, Joubert, Philippe, Hao, Ke, Nickle, David, Timens, Wim, van den Berge, Maarten, Feng, Yen-Chen Anne, Mercader, Josep, Weiss, Scott T., Karlson, Elizabeth W., Smoller, Jordan W., Murphy, Shawn N., Meigs, James B., Woolley, Ann E., Green, Robert C., Mandla, Ravi, Schroeder, Philip, Perez, Emma F., Lee, Seung Hyuk T., Flores-Silva, Fernando Daniel, Chiquete, Erwin, Cantú-Brito, Carlos, Sifuentes-Osornio, José, de León-Garduño, Alfredo Ponce, Román-Montes, Carla Marina, Chávez-Manzanera, Emma, Velasco, Donaji Gómez, Martagón-Rosado, Alexandro, Cruz-Bautista, Ivette, Gómez-Pérez, Francisco Javier, Díaz-Olavarrieta, Claudia, Valdés, Paloma Almeda, Muñóz-Hernández, Linda Liliana, Mehta, Roopa Pravin, Elías-López, Daniel, Tusié-Luna, Teresa, Pajukanta, Päivi, Sukhatme, Mihir G., Moreno-Macías, Hortensia, Ruth, Johnson, González-Behn-Eschenburg, Sebastián, García-Grimshaw, Miguel, Guillen-Pineda, Luz Elizabeth, de los Ángeles Vargas-Martínez, María, Rodríguez, Maribel, Rodríguez-Guillén, Rosario, Ordoñez, María Luisa, Rajme-López, Sandra, González-Lara, María Fernanda, Luna-Moreno, Dalia, de Jesús Suárez López, Jannet, Guillén-Quintero, Daniela Mariel, Vega, Juan, Duran-Coyote, Salvador, Guerra-García, María Teresa, Durán-Gómez, Michelle, Vigueras-Hernández, Alma, Ramírez-Jiménez, Marco Eduardo, Grajeda-González, Samara Lissete, Ramos-Galicia, Enrique Manuel, Ramírez-Carrillo, Martha Fernanda, Fernandez-Ruiz, Juan, Chirino-Pérez, Amanda, Romero-Molina, Ángel Omar, Zavaleta, David Alejandro Fuentes, Jaramillo, María Andrea Mac Donald, López, Katia Jarely Prieto, Incontri-Abraham, Diego, Rosado, Wendy Natalia, Catalán, María Alonso, Aguilar, Sonia Evelyn Vital, Zamudio, Ileana Paola Montero, Ruíz-Ruíz, Eduardo, de Jesús Carrera García, Kevin, Guerrero, Cristina Villarreal, Martínez, Ana Isabel Rodríguez, Moscoso-Sánchez, Rogelio, del Consuelo Rodríguez Mancilla, María, Villa, Antonio, Luna-Ramírez, Samuel Alejandro, Hernández-Hernández, Sergio, Frias, Erika, Campos, Alejandro, Morales-Sosa, Paola Alessandra, Toxqui-Merchant, Luis Enrique, García, Karla, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Butte, Manish J., Geschwind, Daniel H., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Heidecker, Bettina, Kurth, Florian, Sander, Leif E., Skurk, Carsten, Landmesser, Ulf, Karadeniz, Zehra, Wang, Xiaomin, Poller, Wolfgang, Suwalski, Phillip, Ripke, Stephan, Braun, Alice, Kraft, Julia, Mayer, Alena, Lippert, Lena J., Helbig, Elisa T., Thibeault, Charlotte, Awasthi, Swapnil, Mbarek, Hamdi, Saad, Chadi, Al-Sarraj, Yaser, Badji, Radja Messai, Al-Muftah, Wadha, Thani, Asma Al, Afifi, Nahla, Sadiq, Fouzia, Khan, Mohammad I., Bhutta, Muhammad J., Khan, Hania, Khan, Madeeha, Ain, Quratul, Junaid, Ayesha, Khan, Ejaz A., Sypniewski, Mateusz, Lejman, Adrian, Zawadzki, Paweł, Sztromwasser, Paweł, Król, Zbigniew, Dobosz, Paula, Stojak, Joanna, Flores, Carlos, Carracedo, Ángel, Aguilar, Carlos, Arranz, María J., Baptista-Rosas, Raúl C., Bezerra, Joao F., Bezerra, Marcos A. C., Brugada, Ramón, Bustos, Matilde, Castano, Luis, Conde-Vicente, Rosa, Cordero-Lorenzana, M. Lourdes, De Martino-Rodríguez, Alba, Domínguez-Garrido, Elena, Fariñas, María Carmen, Gil-Fournier, Belén, Herrero, María José, Lattig, María Claudia, Martín-López, Caridad, Martín, Vicente, Martinez-Nieto, Oscar, Martinez-Lopez, Iciar, Mazzeu, Juliana F., Macías, Eleuterio Merayo, Cuerda, Victor Moreno, Silbiger, Vivian N., Oliveira, Silviene F., Parellada, Mara, Santos, Ney P. C., Pérez-Matute, Patricia, Perez, Patricia, Perucho, Teresa, Porras-Hurtado, Gloria L., Pujol, Aurora, Fernández-Rodríguez, Amanda, Jimenez-Sousa, María A., Rodríguez-Ruiz, Emilio, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Garcia, José A., Ruiz-Cabello, Francisco, Soria, José Manuel, Tamayo, Eduardo, Teper, Alejandro, Torres-Tobar, Lilian, Urioste, Miguel, Yáñez, Zuleima, Zarate, Ruth, Guillen-Navarro, Encarna, Ayuso, Carmen, González-Neira, Anna, Riancho, José A., Rojas-Martinez, Augusto, Lapunzina, Pablo, Cruz, Raquel, Diz-de Almeida, Silvia, Ceballos, Francisco C., Lorenzo-Salazar, José M., González-Montelongo, Rafaela, Quintela, Inés, Pita, Guillermo, Gago-Domínguez, Manuela, Porras, Marta Sevilla, Tenorio-Castaño, Jair Antonio, Nevado, Julian, Aguado, Jose María, Aguilera-Albesa, Sergio, Almadana, Virginia, Almoguera, Berta, Alvarez, Nuria, Andreu-Bernabeu, Álvaro, Arango, Celso, Artiga, Maria-Jesus, Barreda-Sánchez, María, Belhassen-Garcia, Moncef, Boix-Palop, Lucía, Brion, María, Carbonell, Cristina, Castelao, Jose E., Cortes-Sanchez, Jose L., Corton, Marta, Darnaude, M. Teresa, del Campo-Pérez, Victor, de Bustamante, Aranzazu Diaz, Luchessi, Andre D., Eiros, Rocío, Sanabria, Gladys Mercedes Estigarribia, Fernández-Robelo, Uxía, Fernández-Villa, Tania, Gómez-Arrue, Javier, Álvarez, Beatriz González, de Quirós, Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo, González-Peñas, Javier, Gutiérrez-Bautista, Juan F., Herrero-Gonzalez, Antonio, Borja, Anabel Liger, Lopez-Rodriguez, Rosario, Mancebo, Esther, Martinez-Resendez, Michel F., Martinez-Perez, Angel, Minguez, Pablo, Ortega-Paino, Eva, Paz-Artal, Estela, Pérez-Tomás, M. Elena, Pinsach-Abuin, Mel·lina, Pompa-Mera, Ericka N., León, Soraya Ramiro, Resino, Salvador, Fernandes, Marianne R., Ruiz-Hornillos, Javier, Ryan, Pablo, Souto, Juan Carlos, Tamayo-Velasco, Alvaro, Taracido-Fernandez, Juan Carlos, Valencia-Ramos, Juan, de Heredia, Miguel López, Pedersen, Ole B., Erikstrup, Christian, Ostrowski, Sisse R., Stefansson, Kari, Mikkelsen, Susan, Sørensen, Erik, Burgos, Celia, Andersen, Steffen, Brugdorf, Kristoffer, Hansen, Thomas F., Hjalgrim, Henrik, Jemec, Gregor B., Nyegaard, Mette, Werge, Thomas, Johansson, Pär I., Didriksen, Maria, Schwinn, Michael, Jacobsen, Rikke L., Hindhede, Lotte, Rostgaard, Klaus, Gudbjartsson, Daniel, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Þorsteinsdóttir, Unnur, Nielsen, Kaspar R., Bruun, Mie Topholm, Dinh, Khoa M., Larsen, Margit A. H., Sækmose, Susanne G., Zeberg, Hugo, Nkambul, Lindo, Frithiof, Robert, Hultström, Michael, Lipcsey, Miklos, Tardif, Nicolas, Rooyackers, Olav, Grip, Jonathan, Maricic, Tomislav, Heid, Iris M., Wagner, Ralf, Überla, Klaus, Winkler, Thomas W., Wiegrebe, Simon, Gorski, Mathias, Stark, Klaus J., Peterhoff, David, Einhauser, Sebastian, Niller, Hans-Helmut, Beileke, Stephanie, Johnson, Ruth, Freimer, Nelson, Ding, Yi, Chiu, Alec, Chang, Timothy S., Boutros, Paul, Karczewski, Konrad J., Martin, Alicia R., Wilson, Daniel J., Spencer, Chris C. A., Crook, Derrick W., Wyllie, David H., O’Connell, Anne Marie, Atkinson, Elizabeth G., Tsuo, Kristin, Baya, Nikolas, Turley, Patrick, Gupta, Rahul, Walters, Raymond K., Palmer, Duncan S., Sarma, Gopal, Solomonson, Matthew, Cheng, Nathan, Lu, Wenhan, Churchhouse, Claire, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., King, Daniel, Zhou, Wei, Seed, Cotton, Daly, Mark J., Finucane, Hilary, Bryant, Sam, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Band, Gavin, Earle, Sarah G., Lin, Shang-Kuan, Arning, Nicolas, Koelling, Nils, Armstrong, Jacob, Rudkin, Justine K., Callier, Shawneequa, Cusick, Caroline, Fernandez-Cadenas, Israel, Planas, Anna M., Perez-Tur, Jordi, Llucià-Carol, Laia, Cullell, Natalia, Muiño, Elena, Cárcel-Márquez, Jara, DeDiego, Marta L., Iglesias, Lara Lloret, Soriano, Alex, Rico, Veronica, Agüero, Daiana, Bedini, Josep L., Lozano, Francisco, Domingo, Carlos, Robles, Veronica, Ruiz-Jaén, Francisca, Márquez, Leonardo, Gomez, Juan, Coto, Eliecer, Albaiceta, Guillermo M., García-Clemente, Marta, Dalmau, David, Arranz, Maria J., Dietl, Beatriz, Serra-Llovich, Alex, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Colobran, Roger, Martin-Nalda, Andrea, Parra-Martínez, Alba, Bernardo, David, Rojo, Silvia, Fiz-López, Aida, Arribas-Rodriguez, Elisa, Cal-Sabater, Paloma, Segura, Tomás, González-Villar, Esther, Serrano-Heras, Gemma, Martí-Fàbregas, Joan, Jiménez-Xarrié, Elena, de Felipe Mimbrera, Alicia, Masjuan, Jaime, García-Madrona, Sebastian, Domínguez-Mayoral, Anna, Villalonga, Joan Montaner, and Menéndez-Valladares, Paloma
- Published
- 2023
4. The distribution of arsenic and arsenic-bearing minerals in basins of the Northern Atacama region, Chile
- Author
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Tapia, J, primary, Menzies, A, additional, Dorador, C, additional, and Cornejo, D, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Salares en peligro de extinción: Micro-desastres en el Norte de Chile
- Author
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Bonelli, C., Dorador, C., and Anthropology of Health, Care and the Body (AISSR, FMG)
- Abstract
Este artículo es fruto de la colaboración transdisciplinaria entre una microbióloga y un antropólogo fuertemente preocupados por la protección de salares del norte de Chile que actualmente se encuentran en peligro de extinción. Nuestro objetivo es proponer el concepto de “micro-desastre” como herramienta que examina los modos en que el extractivismo está alterando a estos salares y a sus ecologías microbianas de tiempo-profundo. Estas ecologías son claves para entender eventos tempranos en la Tierra, en tanto la evolución de ellas hizo posible la oxigenación del planeta hace 2500 millones de años, causando así la explosión de biodiversidad. Considerando como el ser humano implica un ser micro-organísmico -y como el tiempo humano está enredado con un tiempo micro-organísmico- este artículo conecta la historia extractivista neoliberal chilena con la historia de la evolución geo-biológica. Por lo tanto, mostramos como estos “micro-desastres” nos afectan fuertemente como humanos complejos, y nos obligan a desarrollar, una y otra vez, un modo de colaborar, pensar, sentir y actuar fuertemente centrado en el planeta. En el contexto de este número especial interesado en repensar la ‘extinción’, insistimos en la necesidad de considerar los problemas puestos por la posibilidad de extinción humana en continuidad con ecologías de tiempo-profundo. Proponemos repensarnos como humanos como un “nosotros ambientalmente complejo”, simultáneamente enredado en el tiempo histórico experiencial y el tiempo microbiano profundo.
- Published
- 2021
6. Genome of Alcanivorax sp. 24: A hydrocarbon degrading bacterium isolated from marine plastic debris
- Author
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Zadjelovic, V., primary, Gibson, M.I., additional, Dorador, C., additional, and Christie-Oleza, J.A., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Sources, enrichment, and redistribution of As, Cd, Cu, Li, Mo, and Sb in the Northern Atacama Region, Chile: Implications for arid watersheds affected by mining
- Author
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Tapia, J., Davenport, J., Townley, B., Dorador, C., Schneider, B., Tolorza, V., von Tümpling, Wolf, Tapia, J., Davenport, J., Townley, B., Dorador, C., Schneider, B., Tolorza, V., and von Tümpling, Wolf
- Abstract
Long-established and widespread mining activities in the Northern Atacama Region of Chile have historically impacted the environment. Most notably, the Potrerillos and El Salvador mines, until 1976, were responsible for dumping over 150 ∙ 106 tons of tailings into the El Salado River, discharging directly into the bay of Chañaral on the coast. Water resources in the Northern Atacama Region are scarce; the few include the El Salado River and the Pedernales, Maricunga, and Laguna Verde basins. This region also contains two highly sensitive national parks: the Pan de Azúcar on the coast and the Nevado de Tres Cruces in the Andes.Protecting available water resources in this inherently dry region is critical and environmental degradation that has occurred has not been reported in terms of the most important superficial pollutants. In order to specifically evaluate the metals and metalloids polluting superficial water and fluvial sediments, a 3 year-long survey was carried out in the basins of the Northern Atacama Region. Additionally, impacts of the El Salado River flood in March 2015 were evaluated.When compared to the average concentrations of dissolved elements in river water worldwide, the most enriched elements of the Northern Atacama Region are, in decreasing order: Li, As, Mo, ± Cd, Sb, and Cu. In the case of fluvial sediments, compared to the composition of the upper continental crust, samples are enriched in the following elements (in decreasing order): As, Cu, Mo, Li, ± Cd and Sb. In surface waters, dissolved As, Li, Mo and Cd are naturally enriched, concentrations of Cu and Sb are inferred to be related to mining activities. In fluvial sediments, concentrations of As, Li and Cd are of natural origin while Cu, Mo and Sb are related to the exploitation and mineral treatment of porphyry copper deposits.During the intense March 2015 flood event, contaminant elements were remobilized in the Andes Mountains and E
- Published
- 2017
8. Cyanobacterial diversity in Salar de Huasco, a high altitude saline wetland in Northern Chile, are highly similar to Antarctic cyanobacteria
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Dorador, C., Vila, I., Witzel, K.-P., and Imhoff, Johannes F.
- Abstract
The diversity of Cyanobacteria in water and sediment samples from four representative sites of the Salar de Huasco was examined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and analysis of clone libraries of 16S rRNA gene PCR products. Salar de Huasco is a high altitude (3800 m altitude) saline wetland located in the Chilean Altiplano. We analyzed samples from a tributary stream (H0) and three shallow lagoons (H1, H4, H6) that contrasted in their physicochemical conditions and associated biota. Seventy-eight phylotypes were identified in a total of 268 clonal sequences deriving from seven clone libraries of water and sediment samples. Oscillatoriales were frequently found in water samples from sites H0, H1 and H4 and in sediment samples from sites H1 and H4. Pleurocapsales were found only at site H0, while Chroococcales were recovered from sediment samples of sites H0 and H1, and from water samples of site H1. Nostocales were found in sediment samples from sites H1 and H4, and water samples from site H1 and were largely represented by sequences highly similar to Nodularia spumigena. We suggest that cyanobacterial communities from Salar de Huasco are unique - they include sequences related to others previously described from the Antarctic, along with others from diverse, but less extreme environments.
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- 2008
9. Anoxygenic phototrophic bacterial communities of Salar de Atacama, Chile: a functional gene approach using fmoA and pufLM genes
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Thiel, Vera, Tank, Marcus, Neulinger, Sven, Gehrmann, L., Dorador, C., Imhoff, Johannes F., Thiel, Vera, Tank, Marcus, Neulinger, Sven, Gehrmann, L., Dorador, C., and Imhoff, Johannes F.
- Published
- 2010
10. Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria community of high altitude salt lakes in northern Chile
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Thiel, Vera, Tank, Marcus, Neulinger, Sven, Dorador, C., Imhoff, Johannes F., Thiel, Vera, Tank, Marcus, Neulinger, Sven, Dorador, C., and Imhoff, Johannes F.
- Published
- 2010
11. Molecular analysis of enrichment cultures of ammonia oxidizers from the Salar de Huasco, a high altitude saline wetland in northern Chile
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Dorador, C., Busekov, A., Vila, I., Imhoff, Johannes F., Witzel, K.-P., Dorador, C., Busekov, A., Vila, I., Imhoff, Johannes F., and Witzel, K.-P.
- Abstract
We analyzed enrichment cultures of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) collected from different areas of Salar de Huasco, a high altitude, saline, pH-neutral water body in the Chilean Altiplano. Samples were inoculated into mineral media with 10 mM NH4+ at five different salt concentrations (10, 200, 400, 800 and 1,400 mM NaCl). Low diversity (up to three phylotypes per enrichment) of beta-AOB was detected using 16S rDNA and amoA clone libraries. Growth of beta-AOB was only recorded in a few enrichment cultures and varied according to site or media salinity. In total, five 16S rDNA and amoA phylotypes were found which were related to Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosococcus mobilis, N. marina and N. communis clusters. Phylotype 1-16S was 97% similar with N. halophila, previously isolated from Mongolian soda lakes, and phylotypes from amoA sequences were similar with yet uncultured beta-AOB from different biofilms. Sequences related to N. halophila were frequently found at all salinities. Neither gamma-AOB nor ammonia-oxidizing Archaea were recorded in these enrichment cultures.
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- 2008
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12. The microbial world in copper sulfide flotation plants (CSFP): Novel insights into bacterial communities and their application as potential pyrite bioreagents
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Dayana Arias, Camila Salazar-Ardiles, David C. Andrade, Mariella Rivas, Antonio Panico, Marco Race, Luis A. Cisternas, Cristina Dorador, Arias, D., Salazar-Ardiles, C., Andrade, D. C., Rivas, M., Panico, A., Race, M., Cisternas, L. A., and Dorador, C.
- Subjects
Freshwater ,Pyrite ,Bioreagents ,Bioreagent ,Biobeneficiation ,Seawater ,Flotation ,Biochemistry ,Copper ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Operations in copper sulfide flotation plants (CSFP) are complex and governed by several variables such as available technologies, reagents, and environmental conditions. However, few investigations are related to studying the microbial communities. These aspects provide a reason to compare the bacterial communities of two CSFP operated with freshwater (FwFlo) and seawater (SwFlo), and study whether indigenous bacteria could be used as pyrite bioreagents. Analyses were determined through next-generation sequencing by Illumina MiSeq System and conducted throughout the entire process: (i) minerals before and after grinding; (ii) final concentrate and concentrate thickener overflow; (iii) final tailings and tailings thickener overflow; and (iv) intake water. Bacterial strains from both plants were tested as potential bioreagents, given their tendency to adhere to pyrite after 5 min. In both CSFP, Proteobacteria (relative abundance from 45.48% to 79.22%), followed by Bacteroidetes (9.37%–44.7%), were the most abundant phyla. Regarding species, Algoriphagus olei (11.35%–43.52%) was present exclusively in FwFlo samples in contact with process water and absent in the mineral before grinding, where Cupriavidus metallidurans (16.05%) and Pseudomonas_uc (11.79%) predominated. In SwFlo samples, Marinobacter flavimaris (3.47%–41.1%), and GU061212-s (10.92%–27.63%), were the most abundant microorganisms. All of them were also detected in intake seawater. The strains with the highest adhesion rate (from 29.84% ± 0.14–100%) were phylogenetically identified as species of the genera Marinobacter, Pseudomonas, Idiomarina, Halomonas, Bacillus, Aerocuccus, and Peribacillus. Our results reveal that bacterial communities are critically dependent on process waters during mining activities, and our data depicted that indigenous bacteria could be used as potential pyrite bioreagents, evidenced by a high adhesion rate. It is thus possible to propose that different indigenous bacterial strains could be considered as new bioreagents to reduce the impact of conventional flotation reagents on health from an environment friendly perspective.
- Published
- 2023
13. Secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity produced by thermophilic bacteria from a high-altitude hydrothermal system.
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Pardo-Esté C, Cortés J, Castro-Severyn J, Pérez V, Henriquez-Aedo K, Cuadros F, Yañez C, Cuadros-Orellana S, Dorador C, Molina V, Eissler Y, Paquis P, Jeffrey WH, Pozo P, Pérez PA, and Hengst MB
- Abstract
Thermophilic microorganisms possess several adaptations to thrive in high temperature, which is reflected as biosynthesis of proteins and thermostable molecules, isolation and culture represent a great methodological challenge, therefore High throughput sequencing enables screening of the whole bacterial genome for functional potential, providing rapid and cost-effective information to guide targeted cultures for the identification and characterization of novel natural products. In this study, we isolated two thermophilic bacterial strains corresponding to Bacillus LB7 and Streptomyces LB8, from the microbial mats in the Atacama Desert. By combining genome mining, targeted cultures and biochemical characterization, we aimed to identify their capacity to synthesize bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. Additionally, we determined the capability to produce bioactive compounds under controlled in vitro assays and detected by determining their masses by Thin-Layer Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (TLC/MS). Overall, both isolates can produce antimicrobial (e.g., Myxalamide C by-product) and antioxidants (e.g. Dihydroxymandelic Acid, Amide biotine and Flavone by-products) compounds. Bacillus LB7 strain possesses a more diverse repertoire with 51.95% of total metabolites unmatched, while Streptomyces LB8 favors mainly antioxidants, but has over 70% of unclassified compounds, highlighting the necessity to study and elucidate the structure of novel compounds. Based on these results, we postulate that the uncultured or rare cultured thermophiles inhabiting high-altitude hydrothermal ecosystems in the Atacama Desert offer a promising opportunity to the study of novel microbial bioactive compounds., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Pardo-Esté, Cortés, Castro-Severyn, Pérez, Henriquez-Aedo, Cuadros, Yañez, Cuadros-Orellana, Dorador, Molina, Eissler, Paquis, Jeffrey, Pozo, Pérez and Hengst.)
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- 2024
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14. Exploring the prokaryote-eukaryote interplay in microbial mats from an Andean athalassohaline wetland.
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Cubillos CF, Aguilar P, Moreira D, Bertolino P, Iniesto M, Dorador C, and López-García P
- Subjects
- Biodiversity, Prokaryotic Cells, Bacteria genetics, Fungi, Ecosystem, Wetlands
- Abstract
Microbial community assembly results from the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors. However, environmental selection is thought to predominantly shape communities in extreme ecosystems. Salar de Huasco, situated in the high-altitude Andean Altiplano, represents a poly-extreme ecosystem displaying spatial gradients of physicochemical conditions. To disentangle the influence of abiotic and biotic factors, we studied prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities from microbial mats and underlying sediments across contrasting areas of this athalassohaline ecosystem. The prokaryotic communities were primarily composed of bacteria, notably including a significant proportion of photosynthetic organisms like Cyanobacteria and anoxygenic photosynthetic members of Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Additionally, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Deltaproteobacteria were abundantly represented. Among eukaryotes, photosynthetic organisms (Ochrophyta and Archaeplastida) were predominant, alongside relatively abundant ciliates, cercozoans, and flagellated fungi. Salinity emerged as a key driver for the assembly of prokaryotic communities. Collectively, abiotic factors influenced both prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, particularly those of algae. However, prokaryotic communities strongly correlated with photosynthetic eukaryotes, suggesting a pivotal role of biotic interactions in shaping these communities. Co-occurrence networks suggested potential interactions between different organisms, such as diatoms with specific photosynthetic and heterotrophic bacteria or with protist predators, indicating influences beyond environmental selection. While some associations may be explained by environmental preferences, the robust biotic correlations, alongside insights from other ecosystems and experimental studies, suggest that symbiotic and trophic interactions significantly shape microbial mat and sediment microbial communities in this athalassohaline ecosystem.IMPORTANCEHow biotic and abiotic factors influence microbial community assembly is still poorly defined. Here, we explore their influence on prokaryotic and eukaryotic community assembly within microbial mats and sediments of an Andean high-altitude polyextreme wetland system. We show that, in addition to abiotic elements, mutual interactions exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. Notably, photosynthetic eukaryotes exhibit a strong correlation with prokaryotic communities, specifically diatoms with certain bacteria and other protists. Our findings underscore the significance of biotic interactions in community assembly and emphasize the necessity of considering the complete microbial community., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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- 2024
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15. Protist communities of microbial mats from the extreme environments of five saline Andean lagoons at high altitudes in the Atacama Desert.
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Acosta E, Nitsche F, Dorador C, and Arndt H
- Abstract
Introduction: Heterotrophic protists colonizing microbial mats have received little attention over the last few years, despite their importance in microbial food webs. A significant challenge originates from the fact that many protists remain uncultivable and their functions remain poorly understood., Methods: Metabarcoding studies of protists in microbial mats across high-altitude lagoons of different salinities (4.3-34 practical salinity units) were carried out to provide insights into their vertical stratification at the millimeter scale. DNA and cDNA were analyzed for selected stations., Results: Sequence variants classified as the amoeboid rhizarian Rhogostoma and the ciliate Euplotes were found to be common members of the heterotrophic protist communities. They were accompanied by diatoms and kinetoplastids. Correlation analyses point to the salinity of the water column as a main driver influencing the structure of the protist communities at the five studied microbial mats. The active part of the protist communities was detected to be higher at lower salinities (<20 practical salinity units)., Discussion: We found a restricted overlap of the protist community between the different microbial mats indicating the uniqueness of these different aquatic habitats. On the other hand, the dominating genotypes present in metabarcoding were similar and could be isolated and sequenced in comparative studies ( Rhogostoma, Euplotes, Neobodo ). Our results provide a snapshot of the unculturable protist diversity thriving the benthic zone of five athalossohaline lagoons across the Andean plateau., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Acosta, Nitsche, Dorador and Arndt.)
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- 2024
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16. Shared governance in the plant holobiont and implications for one health.
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Berg G, Dorador C, Egamberdieva D, Kostka JE, Ryu CM, and Wassermann B
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- Humans, Aged, 80 and over, Symbiosis, Plants, One Health, Microbiota
- Abstract
The holobiont Holobiont theory is more than 80 years old, while the importance of microbial communities for plant holobionts was already identified by Lorenz Hiltner more than a century ago. Both concepts are strongly supported by results from the new field of microbiome research. Here, we present ecological and genetic features of the plant holobiont that underpin principles of a shared governance between hosts and microbes and summarize the relevance of plant holobionts in the context of global change. Moreover, we uncover knowledge gaps that arise when integrating plant holobionts in the broader perspective of the holobiome as well as one and planetary health concepts. Action is needed to consider interacting holobionts at the holobiome scale, for prediction and control of microbiome function to improve human and environmental health outcomes., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.)
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- 2024
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17. Exploring the potential of the halotolerant bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis LN8B as an ecofriendly sulfide collector for seawater flotation.
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Arias D, Saldaña M, Botero YL, Dinamarca F, Paredes B, Salazar-Ardiles C, Andrade DC, Cisternas LA, Carrasco J, Santos C, Dorador C, and Gómez-Silva B
- Subjects
- Seawater, Sulfides pharmacology, Sulfides metabolism, Water metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents metabolism, Bacillus subtilis metabolism, Minerals, Copper, Iron
- Abstract
Aim: To assess the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis strain LN8B as a biocollector for recovering pyrite (Py) and chalcopyrite (CPy) in both seawater (Sw) and deionized water (Dw), and to explore the underlying adhesion mechanism in these bioflotation experiments., Materials and Methods: The bioflotation test utilized B. subtilis strain LN8B as the biocollector through microflotation experiments. Additionally, frother methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) and conventional collector potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) were introduced in some experiments. The zeta potential (ZP) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to explore the adhesion mechanism of Py and CPy interacting with the biocollector in Sw and Dw. The adaptability of the B. subtilis strain to different water types and salinities was assessed through growth curves measuring optical density. Finally, antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted to evaluate potential risks of the biocollector., Results: Superior outcomes were observed in Sw where Py and CPy recovery was ∼39.3% ± 7.7% and 41.1% ± 5.8%, respectively, without microorganisms' presence. However, B. subtilis LN8B potentiate Py and CPy recovery, reaching 72.8% ± 4.9% and 84.6% ± 1.5%, respectively. When MIBC was added, only the Py recovery was improved (89.4% ± 3.6%), depicting an adverse effect for CPy (81.8% ± 1.1%). ZP measurements indicated increased mineral surface hydrophobicity when Py and CPy interacted with the biocollector in both Sw and Dw. FTIR revealed the presence of protein-related amide peaks, highlighting the hydrophobic nature of the bacterium. The adaptability of this strain to diverse water types and salinities was assessed, demonstrating remarkable growth versatility. Antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated that B. subtilis LN8B was susceptible to 23 of the 25 antibiotics examined, suggesting it poses minimal environmental risks., Conclusions: The study substantiates the biotechnological promise of B. subtilis strain LN8B as an efficient sulfide collector for promoting cleaner mineral production. This effectiveness is attributed to its ability to induce mineral surface hydrophobicity, a result of the distinct characteristics of proteins within its cell wall., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Applied Microbiology International.)
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- 2024
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18. Gregarines from darkling beetles of the Atacama Desert, Atacamagregarina paposa gen. et sp. nov. from Scotobius and Xiphocephalus ovatus sp. nov. from Psectrascelis (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae).
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Nitsche F, Carduck S, von Ameln J, Mach N, Dorador C, Predel R, Rueckert S, and Arndt H
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- Animals, Phylogeny, Biological Evolution, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Coleoptera genetics, Coleoptera parasitology, Apicomplexa genetics
- Abstract
Gregarine apicomplexans, a group of single celled organisms, inhabit the extracellular spaces of most invertebrate species. The nature of the gregarine-host interactions is not yet fully resolved, mutualistic, commensal and parasitic life forms have been recorded. In the extreme arid environment of the Atacama Desert, only a few groups of invertebrates hosting gregarines such as darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) were able to adapt, providing an unparalleled opportunity to study co-evolutionary diversification. Here, we describe one novel gregarine genus comprising one species, Atacamagregarina paposa gen. et sp. nov., and a new species, Xiphocephalus ovatus sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinoridea, Stylocephalidae), found in the tenebrionid beetle genera Scotobius (Tenebrioninae, Scotobiini) and Psectrascelis intricaticollis ovata (Pimeliinae, Nycteliini), respectively. In the phylogenetic analysis based on SSU rDNA, Atacamgregarina paposa representing the new genus is basal, forming a separate clade with terrestrial gregarines specific for North American darkling beetles., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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19. Assessment of fungal spores and spore-like diversity in environmental samples by targeted lysis.
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Corona Ramirez A, Bregnard D, Junier T, Cailleau G, Dorador C, Bindschedler S, and Junier P
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- Ascomycota genetics, Ascomycota physiology, Basidiomycota genetics, Basidiomycota physiology, Chile, Lakes microbiology, Microbiota physiology, Mycelium genetics, Mycelium isolation & purification, Mycelium physiology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae physiology, Wetlands, Fungi genetics, Fungi physiology, Geologic Sediments microbiology, Mycobiome physiology, Spores, Fungal genetics, Spores, Fungal isolation & purification, Spores, Fungal physiology, DNA, Fungal genetics, DNA, Fungal isolation & purification, DNA, Fungal physiology
- Abstract
At particular stages during their life cycles, fungi use multiple strategies to form specialized structures to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. These strategies encompass sporulation, as well as cell-wall melanization, multicellular tissue formation or even dimorphism. The resulting structures are not only used to disperse to other environments, but also to survive long periods of time awaiting favorable growth conditions. As a result, these specialized fungal structures are part of the microbial seed bank, which is known to influence the microbial community composition and contribute to the maintenance of diversity. Despite the importance of the microbial seed bank in the environment, methods to study the diversity of fungal structures with improved resistance only target spores dispersing in the air, omitting the high diversity of these structures in terms of morphology and environmental distribution. In this study, we applied a separation method based on cell lysis to enrich lysis-resistant fungal structures (for instance, spores, sclerotia, melanized yeast) to obtain a proxy of the composition of the fungal seed bank. This approach was first evaluated in-vitro in selected species. The results obtained showed that DNA from fungal spores and from yeast was only obtained after the application of the enrichment method, while mycelium was always lysed. After validation, we compared the diversity of the total and lysis-resistant fractions in the polyextreme environment of the Salar de Huasco, a high-altitude athalassohaline wetland in the Chilean Altiplano. Environmental samples were collected from the salt flat and from microbial mats in small surrounding ponds. Both the lake sediments and microbial mats were dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, however, the diversity and composition of each environment differed at lower taxonomic ranks. Members of the phylum Chytridiomycota were enriched in the lysis-resistant fraction, while members of the phylum Rozellomycota were never detected in this fraction. Moreover, we show that the community composition of the lysis-resistant fraction reflects the diversity of life cycles and survival strategies developed by fungi in the environment. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that the fungal diversity is explored in the Salar de Huasco. In addition, the method presented here provides a simple and culture independent approach to assess the diversity of fungal lysis-resistant cells in the environment., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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20. The microbial world in copper sulfide flotation plants (CSFP): Novel insights into bacterial communities and their application as potential pyrite bioreagents.
- Author
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Arias D, Salazar-Ardiles C, Andrade DC, Rivas M, Panico A, Race M, Cisternas LA, and Dorador C
- Subjects
- Sulfides, Minerals, Water, Copper, Bacteria genetics
- Abstract
Operations in copper sulfide flotation plants (CSFP) are complex and governed by several variables such as available technologies, reagents, and environmental conditions. However, few investigations are related to studying the microbial communities. These aspects provide a reason to compare the bacterial communities of two CSFP operated with freshwater (FwFlo) and seawater (SwFlo), and study whether indigenous bacteria could be used as pyrite bioreagents. Analyses were determined through next-generation sequencing by Illumina MiSeq System and conducted throughout the entire process: (i) minerals before and after grinding; (ii) final concentrate and concentrate thickener overflow; (iii) final tailings and tailings thickener overflow; and (iv) intake water. Bacterial strains from both plants were tested as potential bioreagents, given their tendency to adhere to pyrite after 5 min. In both CSFP, Proteobacteria (relative abundance from 45.48% to 79.22%), followed by Bacteroidetes (9.37%-44.7%), were the most abundant phyla. Regarding species, Algoriphagus olei (11.35%-43.52%) was present exclusively in FwFlo samples in contact with process water and absent in the mineral before grinding, where Cupriavidus metallidurans (16.05%) and Pseudomonas_uc (11.79%) predominated. In SwFlo samples, Marinobacter flavimaris (3.47%-41.1%), and GU061212-s (10.92%-27.63%), were the most abundant microorganisms. All of them were also detected in intake seawater. The strains with the highest adhesion rate (from 29.84% ± 0.14-100%) were phylogenetically identified as species of the genera Marinobacter, Pseudomonas, Idiomarina, Halomonas, Bacillus, Aerocuccus, and Peribacillus. Our results reveal that bacterial communities are critically dependent on process waters during mining activities, and our data depicted that indigenous bacteria could be used as potential pyrite bioreagents, evidenced by a high adhesion rate. It is thus possible to propose that different indigenous bacterial strains could be considered as new bioreagents to reduce the impact of conventional flotation reagents on health from an environment friendly perspective., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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21. Spatial co-occurrence patterns of benthic microbial assemblage in response to trace metals in the Atacama Desert Coastline.
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Zárate A, Molina V, Valdés J, Icaza G, Vega SE, Castillo A, Ugalde JA, and Dorador C
- Abstract
Taxonomic and functional microbial communities may respond differently to anthropogenic coastal impacts, but ecological quality monitoring assessments using environmental DNA and RNA (eDNA/eRNA) in response to pollution are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the utility of the co-occurrence network approach's to comprehensively explore both structure and potential functions of benthic marine microbial communities and their responses to Cu and Fe fractioning from two sediment deposition coastal zones of northern Chile via 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. The results revealed substantial differences in the microbial communities, with the predominance of two distinct module hubs based on study zone. This indicates that habitat influences microbial co-occurrence networks. Indeed, the discriminant analysis allowed us to identify keystone taxa with significant differences in eDNA and eRNA comparison between sampled zones, revealing that Beggiatoaceae , Carnobacteriaceae , and Nitrosococcaceae were the primary representatives from Off Loa, whereas Enterobacteriaceae , Corynebacteriaceae , Latescibacteraceae , and Clostridiaceae were the families responsible for the observed changes in Mejillones Bay. The quantitative evidence from the multivariate analyses supports that the benthic microbial assemblages' features were linked to specific environments associated with Cu and Fe fractions, mainly in the Bay. Furthermore, the predicted functional microbial structure suggested that transporters and DNA repair allow the communities to respond to metals and endure the interacting variable environmental factors like dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity. Moreover, some active taxa recovered are associated with anthropogenic impact, potentially harboring antibiotic resistance and other threats in the coastal zone. Overall, the method of scoping eRNA in parallel with eDNA applied here has the capacity to significantly enhance the spatial and functional understanding of real-time microbial assemblages and, in turn, would have the potential to increase the acuity of biomonitoring programs key to responding to immediate management needs for the marine environment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zárate, Molina, Valdés, Icaza, Vega, Castillo, Ugalde and Dorador.)
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- 2023
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22. Virus-to-prokaryote ratio in the Salar de Huasco and different ecosystems of the Southern hemisphere and its relationship with physicochemical and biological parameters.
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Eissler Y, Castillo-Reyes A, Dorador C, Cornejo-D'Ottone M, Celis-Plá PSM, Aguilar P, and Molina V
- Abstract
The virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR) has been used in many ecosystems to study the relationship between viruses and their hosts. While high VPR values indicate a high rate of prokaryotes' cell lysis, low values are interpreted as a decrease in or absence of viral activity. Salar de Huasco is a high-altitude wetland characterized by a rich microbial diversity associated with aquatic sites like springs, ponds, streams and a lagoon with variable physicochemical conditions. Samples from two ponds, Poza Rosada (PR) and Poza Verde (PV), were analyzed by epifluorescence microscopy to determine variability of viral and prokaryotic abundance and to calculate the VPR in a dry season. In addition, to put Salar de Huasco results into perspective, a compilation of research articles on viral and prokaryotic abundance, VPR, and metadata from various Southern hemisphere ecosystems was revised. The ecosystems were grouped into six categories: high-altitude wetlands, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Southern Oceans and Antarctic lakes. Salar de Huasco ponds recorded similar VPR values (an average of 7.4 and 1.7 at PR and PV, respectively), ranging from 3.22 to 15.99 in PR. The VPR variability was associated with VA and chlorophyll a , when considering all data available for this ecosystem. In general, high-altitude wetlands recorded the highest VPR average (53.22 ± 95.09), followed by the Oceans, Southern (21.91 ± 25.72), Atlantic (19.57 ± 15.77) and Indian (13.43 ± 16.12), then Antarctic lakes (11.37 ± 15.82) and the Pacific Ocean (6.34 ± 3.79). Physicochemical variables, i.e., temperature, conductivity, nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate) and chlorophyll a as a biological variable, were found to drive the VPR in the ecosystems analyzed. Thus, the viral activity in the Wetland followed similar trends of previous reports based on larger sets of metadata analyses. In total, this study highlights the importance of including viruses as a biological variable to study microbial temporal dynamics in wetlands considering their crucial role in the carbon budgets of these understudied ecosystems in the southern hemisphere., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Eissler, Castillo-Reyes, Dorador, Cornejo-D'Ottone, Celis-Plá, Aguilar and Molina.)
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- 2022
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23. A mechanistic understanding of polyethylene biodegradation by the marine bacterium Alcanivorax.
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Zadjelovic V, Erni-Cassola G, Obrador-Viel T, Lester D, Eley Y, Gibson MI, Dorador C, Golyshin PN, Black S, Wellington EMH, and Christie-Oleza JA
- Subjects
- Bacteria metabolism, Biodegradation, Environmental, Hydrocarbons metabolism, Plastics metabolism, Polyethylene metabolism, Alcanivoraceae metabolism
- Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most recalcitrant carbon-based synthetic materials produced and, currently, the most ubiquitous plastic pollutant found in nature. Over time, combined abiotic and biotic processes are thought to eventually breakdown PE. Despite limited evidence of biological PE degradation and speculation that hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria found within the plastisphere is an indication of biodegradation, there is no clear mechanistic understanding of the process. Here, using high-throughput proteomics, we investigated the molecular processes that take place in the hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium Alcanivorax sp. 24 when grown in the presence of low density PE (LDPE). As well as efficiently utilising and assimilating the leachate of weathered LDPE, the bacterium was able to reduce the molecular weight distribution (M
w from 122 to 83 kg/mol) and overall mass of pristine LDPE films (0.9 % after 34 days of incubation). Most interestingly, Alcanivorax acquired the isotopic signature of the pristine plastic and induced an extensive array of metabolic pathways for aliphatic compound degradation. Presumably, the primary biodegradation of LDPE by Alcanivorax sp. 24 is possible via the production of extracellular reactive oxygen species as observed both by the material's surface oxidation and the measurement of superoxide in the culture with LDPE. Our findings confirm that hydrocarbon-biodegrading bacteria within the plastisphere may in fact have a role in degrading PE., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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24. The metabolite p-cresol impairs dendritic development, synaptogenesis, and synapse function in hippocampal neurons: Implications for autism spectrum disorder.
- Author
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Guzmán-Salas S, Weber A, Malci A, Lin X, Herrera-Molina R, Cerpa W, Dorador C, Signorelli J, and Zamorano P
- Subjects
- Animals, Calcium metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Cresols, Dysbiosis metabolism, Hippocampus metabolism, Humans, Neurons metabolism, Rats, Synapses metabolism, Autism Spectrum Disorder metabolism
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopment disorder resulting from different etiological factors, both genetic and/or environmental. These factors can lead to abnormal neuronal development on dendrite and synaptic function at the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that a subset of ASD patients display increased circulation levels of the tyrosine metabolite, p-cresol, related to chronic intestinal disorders because of dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. In particular, abnormal presence of intestinal Clostridium sp. has been linked to high levels of p-cresol in ASD children younger than 8 years. However, the role of p-cresol during development of the central nervous system is unknown. Here, we evaluated in vitro the effect of p-cresol on neurite outgrowth in N2a and PC12 cell lines and dendritic morphology, synaptic density, neuronal activity, and calcium responses in primary rat hippocampal neurons. p-cresol inhibits neural differentiation and neurites outgrowth in N2a and PC12 neuronal cell lines. In hippocampal neuronal cultures, Sholl's analysis shows a decrease in the dendritic arborization of neurons treated with p-cresol. Synaptic density analyzed with the synaptic markers Piccolo and Shank2 is diminished in hippocampal neurons treated with p-cresol. Electrically evoked intracellular calcium rise was drastically, but reversely, blocked by p-cresol, whereas that spontaneous neuronal activity was severely affected by early addition of the metabolite. These findings show that p-cresol alters dendrite development, synaptogenesis, and synapse function of neurons in culture, therefore, neuronal alterations occurring in ASD children may be related to this metabolite and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota., (© 2022 International Society for Neurochemistry.)
- Published
- 2022
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25. Diversity of Lysis-Resistant Bacteria and Archaea in the Polyextreme Environment of Salar de Huasco.
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Corona Ramírez A, Cailleau G, Fatton M, Dorador C, and Junier P
- Abstract
The production of specialized resting cells is a remarkable strategy developed by several organisms to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Spores are specialized resting cells that are characterized by low to absent metabolic activity and higher resistance. Spore-like cells are known from multiple groups of bacteria, which can form spores under suboptimal growth conditions (e.g., starvation). In contrast, little is known about the production of specialized resting cells in archaea. In this study, we applied a culture-independent method that uses physical and chemical lysis, to assess the diversity of lysis-resistant bacteria and archaea and compare it to the overall prokaryotic diversity (direct DNA extraction). The diversity of lysis-resistant cells was studied in the polyextreme environment of the Salar de Huasco. The Salar de Huasco is a high-altitude athalassohaline wetland in the Chilean Altiplano. Previous studies have shown a high diversity of bacteria and archaea in the Salar de Huasco, but the diversity of lysis-resistant microorganisms has never been investigated. The underlying hypothesis was that the combination of extreme abiotic conditions might favor the production of specialized resting cells. Samples were collected from sediment cores along a saline gradient and microbial mats were collected in small surrounding ponds. A significantly different diversity and composition were found in the sediment cores or microbial mats. Furthermore, our results show a high diversity of lysis-resistant cells not only in bacteria but also in archaea. The bacterial lysis-resistant fraction was distinct in comparison to the overall community. Also, the ability to survive the lysis-resistant treatment was restricted to a few groups, including known spore-forming phyla such as Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In contrast to bacteria, lysis resistance was widely spread in archaea, hinting at a generalized resistance to lysis, which is at least comparable to the resistance of dormant cells in bacteria. The enrichment of Natrinema and Halarchaeum in the lysis-resistant fraction could hint at the production of cyst-like cells or other resistant cells. These results can guide future studies aiming to isolate and broaden the characterization of lysis-resistant archaea., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Corona Ramírez, Cailleau, Fatton, Dorador and Junier.)
- Published
- 2022
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26. Climate change and lithium mining influence flamingo abundance in the Lithium Triangle.
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Gutiérrez JS, Moore JN, Donnelly JP, Dorador C, Navedo JG, and Senner NR
- Subjects
- Animals, Biodiversity, Birds, Humans, Water, Climate Change, Lithium
- Abstract
The development of technologies to slow climate change has been identified as a global imperative. Nonetheless, such 'green' technologies can potentially have negative impacts on biodiversity. We explored how climate change and the mining of lithium for green technologies influence surface water availability, primary productivity and the abundance of three threatened and economically important flamingo species in the 'Lithium Triangle' of the Chilean Andes. We combined climate and primary productivity data with remotely sensed measures of surface water levels and a 30-year dataset on flamingo abundance using structural equation modelling. We found that, regionally, flamingo abundance fluctuated dramatically from year-to-year in response to variation in surface water levels and primary productivity but did not exhibit any temporal trends. Locally, in the Salar de Atacama-where lithium mining is focused-we found that mining was negatively correlated with the abundance of two of the three flamingo species. These results suggest continued increases in lithium mining and declines in surface water could soon have dramatic effects on flamingo abundance across their range. Efforts to slow the expansion of mining and the impacts of climate change are, therefore, urgently needed to benefit local biodiversity and the local human economy that depends on it.
- Published
- 2022
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27. Micromonospora tarapacensis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from a hypersaline lake.
- Author
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Villalobos AS, Wiese J, Borchert E, Rahn T, Slaby BM, Steiner LX, Künzel S, Dorador C, and Imhoff JF
- Subjects
- Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, Chile, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Desert Climate, Diaminopimelic Acid chemistry, Fatty Acids chemistry, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Phospholipids chemistry, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vitamin K 2 analogs & derivatives, Vitamin K 2 chemistry, Lakes microbiology, Micromonospora classification, Micromonospora isolation & purification, Phylogeny, Saline Waters
- Abstract
Strain Llam7
T was isolated from microbial mat samples from the hypersaline lake Salar de Llamará, located in Taracapá region in the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert (Chile). Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic traits were studied. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences assigned the strain to the family Micromonosporaceae with affiliation to the genera Micromonospora and Salinispora . Major fatty acids were C17 : 1 ω8 c , iso-C15 : 0 , iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 . The cell walls contained meso -diaminopimelic acid and ll-2,6 diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP), while major whole-cell sugars were glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4 ) and MK-9(H6 ). As polar lipids phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified lipids, i.e. two glycolipids, one aminolipid, three phospholipids, one aminoglycolipid and one phosphoglycolipid, were detected. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 6.894 Mb and a DNA G+C content of 71.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses with complete genome sequences positioned strain Llam7T within the family Micromonosporaceae forming a distinct cluster with Micromonospora (former Xiangella ) phaseoli DSM 45730T . This cluster is related to Micromonospora pelagivivens KJ-029T , Micromonospora craterilacus NA12T , and Micromonospora craniellae LHW63014T as well as to all members of the former genera Verrucosispora and Jishengella , which were re-classified as members of the genus Micromonospora , forming a clade distinct from the genus Salinispora . Pairwise whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) values, digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values, the presence of the diamino acid ll-DAP, and the composition of whole sugars and polar lipids indicate that Llam7T represents a novel species, for which the name Micromonospora tarapacensis sp. nov. is proposed, with Llam7T (=DSM 109510T ,=LMG 31023T ) as the type strain.- Published
- 2021
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28. Endangered Salares : micro-disasters in Northern Chile.
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Bonelli C and Dorador C
- Abstract
This article emerges from a transdisciplinary collaboration between a micro-biologist and an anthropologist deeply concerned with the protection of endangered salares (saltpans) in northern Chile. Our aim is to establish the concept of "micro-disaster" as a tool for examining how extractivism is disrupting salares and their "deep-time" microbial ecologies. These ecologies are key for understanding early events on Earth, as their evolution enabled the oxygenation of the planet 2.5 billion years ago and caused the biodiversity explosion. By considering how being human involves being microorganismal - and how human time is entangled with microorganismic time -, this article connects neoliberal extractivist history with geo-biological evolutionary history. "Micro-disasters" therefore affect us deeply as complex humans, and oblige us to develop further a planet-centered mode of collaborating, thinking, feeling, and acting. In the context of this special issue on extinction, we insist that concerns over extinction must be considered in continuity with deep-time ecologies. We propose to rethink humans as an "environmentally complex we" simultaneously entangled with historical experiential time and microbial "deep-time.", Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)
- Published
- 2021
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29. Benthic microbial diversity trends in response to heavy metals in an oxygen-deficient eutrophic bay of the Humboldt current system offshore the Atacama Desert.
- Author
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Zárate A, Dorador C, Valdés J, Molina V, Icaza G, Pacheco AS, and Castillo A
- Subjects
- Bays, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, Geologic Sediments, Humans, Oxygen, Metals, Heavy analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Mejillones Bay is a coastal ecosystem situated in an oxygen-deficient upwelling area impacted by mining activities in the coastal desert region of northern Chile, where conspicuous microbial life develops in the sediments. Herein, heavy metal (loid)s (HMs) such as Cu, Pb, As, Zn, Al, Fe, Cd, Mo, Ni and V as well as benthic microbial communities were studied using spectrometry and iTag-16 S rRNA sequencing. Samples were taken from two contrasting sedimentary localities in the Bay named Punta Rieles (PR) and Punta Chacaya (PC) within 10-50 m water-depth gradient. PR sediments were organic matter rich (21.1% of TOM at 50 m) and overlaid with low-oxygen waters (<0.06 ml O2/L bottom layer) compared with PC. In general, HMs like Al, Ni, Cd, As and Pb tended to increase in concentration with depth in PR, while the opposite pattern was observed in PC. In addition, PR presented a higher number of unique families (72) compared to PC (35). Among the top ten microbial families, Desulfobulbaceae (4.6% vs. 3.2%), Flavobacteriaceae (2.8% vs. 2.3%) and Anaerolineaceae (3.3% vs. 2.3%) dominated in PR, meanwhile Actinomarinales_Unclassified (8.1% vs. 4.2%) and Sandaracinaceae (4.4% vs. 2.0%) were more abundant in PC. Multivariate analyses confirmed that water depth-related variation was a good proxy for oxygen conditions and metal concentrations, explaining the structure of benthic microbial assemblages. Cd, Ni, As and Pb showed uniformly positive associations with communities that represented the keystone taxa in the co-occurrence network, including Anaerolineaceae, Thiotrichaceae, Desulfobulbaceae, Desulfarculaceae and Bacteroidales_unclassified communities. Collectively, these findings provide new insights for establishing the ecological interconnections of benthic microorganisms in response to metal contamination in a coastal upwelling environment., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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30. Greenhouse gases and biogeochemical diel fluctuations in a high-altitude wetland.
- Author
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Molina V, Eissler Y, Fernandez C, Cornejo-D'Ottone M, Dorador C, Bebout BM, Jeffrey WH, Romero C, and Hengst M
- Subjects
- Altitude, Archaea, Bacteria, Methane analysis, Wetlands, Greenhouse Gases analysis
- Abstract
The landscapes of high-altitude wetland ecosystems are characterized by different kinds of aquatic sites, including ponds holding conspicuous microbial life. Here, we examined a representative pond of the wetland landscape for dynamics of greenhouse gases, and their association with other relevant biogeochemical conditions including diel shifts of microbial communities' structure and activity over two consecutive days. Satellite image analysis indicates that the area of ponds cover 238 of 381.3 Ha (i.e., 62.4%), representing a significant landscape in this wetland. Solar radiation, wind velocity and temperature varied daily and between the days sampled, influencing the biogeochemical dynamics in the pond, shifting the pond reservoir of inorganic versus dissolved organic nitrogen/phosphorus bioavailability, between day 1 and day 2. Day 2 was characterized by high dissolved organic nitrogen/phosphorus and N
2 O accumulation. CH4 presented a positive excess showing maxima at hours of high radiation during both days. The microbial community in the sediment was diverse and enriched in keystone active groups potentially related with GHG recycling including bacteria and archaea, such as Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Rhodobacterales and Nanoarchaeaota (Woesearchaeia). Archaea account for the microbial community composition changes between both days and for the secondary productivity in the water measured during day 2. The results indicate that an intense recycling of organic matter occurs in the pond systems and that the activity of the microbial community is correlated with the availability of nutrients. Together, the above results indicate a net sink of CO2 and N2 O, which has also been reported for other natural and artificial ponds. Overall, our two-day fluctuation study in a representative pond of a high-altitude wetland aquatic landscape indicates the need to explore in more detail the short-term besides the long-term biogeochemical variability in arid ecosystems of the Andes plateau, where wetlands are hotspots of life currently under high anthropogenic pressure., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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31. Connectivity of bacterial assemblages along the Loa River in the Atacama Desert, Chile.
- Author
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Zárate A, Dorador C, Araya R, Guajardo M, Z Florez J, Icaza G, Cornejo D, and Valdés J
- Abstract
The Loa River is the only perennial artery that crosses the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. It plays an important role in the ecological and economic development of the most water-stressed region, revealing the impact of the mining industry, which exacerbate regional water shortages for many organisms and ecological processes. Despite this, the river system has remained understudied. To our knowledge, this study provides the first effort to attempt to compare the microbial communities at spatial scale along the Loa River, as well as investigate the physicochemical factors that could modulate this important biological component that still remains largely unexplored. The analysis of the spatial bacterial distribution and their interconnections in the water column and sediment samples from eight sites located in three sections along the river catchment (upper, middle and lower) was conducted using 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Among a total of 543 ASVs identified at the family level, over 40.5% were cosmopolitan in the river and distributed within a preference pattern by the sediment substrate with 162 unique ASVs, while only 87 were specific to the column water. Bacterial diversity gradually decreased from the headwaters, where the upper section had the largest number of unique families. Distinct groupings of bacterial communities often associated with anthropogenic disturbance, including Burkholderiaceae and Flavobacteriaceae families were predominant in the less-impacted upstream section. Members of the Arcobacteraceae and Marinomonadaceae were prominent in the agriculturally and mining-impacted middle sector while Rhodobacteraceae and Coxiellaceae were most abundant families in downstream sites. Such shifts in the community structure were also related to the influence of salinity, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen and redox potential. Network analyses corroborated the strong connectivity and modular structure of bacterial communities across this desert river, shedding light on taxonomic relatedness of co-occurring species and highlighting the need for planning the integral conservation of this basin., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2020 Zárate et al.)
- Published
- 2020
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32. Determinants of Copper Resistance in Acidithiobacillus Ferrivorans ACH Isolated from the Chilean Altiplano.
- Author
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Barahona S, Castro-Severyn J, Dorador C, Saavedra C, and Remonsellez F
- Subjects
- Acidithiobacillus drug effects, Acidithiobacillus genetics, Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Chile, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Gene Expression Profiling, Microbial Viability, Phylogeny, Sequence Homology, Acidithiobacillus growth & development, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Copper pharmacology, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial drug effects
- Abstract
The use of microorganisms in mining processes is a technology widely employed around the world. Leaching bacteria are characterized by having resistance mechanisms for several metals found in their acidic environments, some of which have been partially described in the Acidithiobacillus genus (mainly on ferrooxidans species). However, the response to copper has not been studied in the psychrotolerant Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans strains. Therefore, we propose to elucidate the response mechanisms of A. ferrivorans ACH to high copper concentrations (0-800 mM), describing its genetic repertoire and transcriptional regulation. Our results show that A. ferrivorans ACH can grow in up to 400 mM of copper. Moreover, we found the presence of several copper-related makers, belonging to cop and cus systems, as well as rusticyanins and periplasmatic acop protein in the genome. Interestingly, the ACH strain is the only one in which we find three copies of copB and copZ genes. Moreover, transcriptional expression showed an up-regulation response ( acop, copZ, cusA, rusA, and rusB ) to high copper concentrations. Finally, our results support the important role of these genes in A. ferrivorans copper stress resistance, promoting the use of the ACH strain in industrial leaching under low temperatures, which could decrease the activation times of oxidation processes and the energy costs.
- Published
- 2020
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33. Virus and Potential Host Microbes from Viral-Enriched Metagenomic Characterization in the High-Altitude Wetland, Salar de Huasco, Chile.
- Author
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Eissler Y, Dorador C, Kieft B, Molina V, and Hengst M
- Abstract
Salar de Huasco is a wetland in the Andes mountains, located 3800 m above sea level at the Chilean Altiplano. Here we present a study aimed at characterizing the viral fraction and the microbial communities through metagenomic analysis. Two ponds (H0 and H3) were examined in November 2015. Water samples were processed using tangential flow filtration to obtain metagenomes from which the DNA fraction of the sample was amplified and sequenced (HiSeq system, Illumina). The ponds were characterized by freshwater and the viral-like particles to picoplankton ratio was 12.1 and 2.3 for H0 and H3, respectively. A great number of unassigned viral sequences were found in H0 (55.8%) and H3 (32.8%), followed by the family Fuselloviridae 20.8% (H0) and other less relatively abundant groups such as Microviridae (H0, 11.7% and H3, 3.3%) and Inoviridae (H3, 2.7%). The dominant viral sequences in both metagenomes belong to the order Caudovirales, with Siphoviridae being the most important family, especially in H3 (32.7%). The most important bacteria phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in both sites, followed by Cyanobacteria (H0). Genes encoding lysogenic and lytic enzymes (i.e., recombinases and integrases) were found in H0 and H3, indicating a potential for active viral replication at the time of sampling; this was supported by the presence of viral metabolic auxiliary genes at both sites (e.g., cysteine hydrolase). In total, our study indicates a great novelty of viral groups, differences in taxonomic diversity and replication pathways between sites, which contribute to a better understanding of how viruses balance the cycling of energy and matter in this extreme environment.
- Published
- 2020
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34. Beyond oil degradation: enzymatic potential of Alcanivorax to degrade natural and synthetic polyesters.
- Author
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Zadjelovic V, Chhun A, Quareshy M, Silvano E, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Aguilo-Ferretjans MM, Bosch R, Dorador C, Gibson MI, and Christie-Oleza JA
- Subjects
- Alcanivoraceae classification, Alcanivoraceae metabolism, Biotechnology, Ecosystem, Petroleum Pollution, Polyesters metabolism, Polyhydroxyalkanoates metabolism, Alcanivoraceae enzymology, Biodegradation, Environmental, Oils metabolism
- Abstract
Pristine marine environments are highly oligotrophic ecosystems populated by well-established specialized microbial communities. Nevertheless, during oil spills, low-abundant hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria bloom and rapidly prevail over the marine microbiota. The genus Alcanivorax is one of the most abundant and well-studied organisms for oil degradation. While highly successful under polluted conditions due to its specialized oil-degrading metabolism, it is unknown how they persist in these environments during pristine conditions. Here, we show that part of the Alcanivorax genus, as well as oils, has an enormous potential for biodegrading aliphatic polyesters thanks to a unique and abundantly secreted alpha/beta hydrolase. The heterologous overexpression of this esterase proved a remarkable ability to hydrolyse both natural and synthetic polyesters. Our findings contribute to (i) better understand the ecology of Alcanivorax in its natural environment, where natural polyesters such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are produced by a large fraction of the community and, hence, an accessible source of carbon and energy used by the organism in order to persist, (ii) highlight the potential of Alcanivorax to clear marine environments from polyester materials of anthropogenic origin as well as oils, and (iii) the discovery of a new versatile esterase with a high biotechnological potential., (© 2020 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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35. Aquatic Thermal Reservoirs of Microbial Life in a Remote and Extreme High Andean Hydrothermal System.
- Author
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Pérez V, Cortés J, Marchant F, Dorador C, Molina V, Cornejo-D'Ottone M, Hernández K, Jeffrey W, Barahona S, and Hengst MB
- Abstract
Hydrothermal systems are ideal to understand how microbial communities cope with challenging conditions. Lirima, our study site, is a polyextreme, high-altitude, hydrothermal ecosystem located in the Chilean Andean highlands. Herein, we analyze the benthic communities of three nearby springs in a gradient of temperature (42-72 °C represented by stations P42, P53, and P72) and pH, and we characterize their microbial diversity by using bacteria 16S rRNA (V4) gene metabarcoding and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries (bacteria and archaea). Bacterial clone libraries of P42 and P53 springs showed that the community composition was mainly represented by phototrophic bacteria (Chlorobia, 3%, Cyanobacteria 3%, at P42; Chlorobia 5%, and Chloroflexi 5% at P53), Firmicutes (32% at P42 and 43% at P53) and Gammaproteobacteria (13% at P42 and 29% at P53). Furthermore, bacterial communities that were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding were characterized by an overall predominance of Chloroflexi in springs with lower temperatures (33% at P42), followed by Firmicutes in hotter springs (50% at P72). The archaeal diversity of P42 and P53 were represented by taxa belonging to Crenarchaeota, Diapherotrites, Nanoarchaeota, Hadesarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Euryarchaeota. The microbial diversity of the Lirima hydrothermal system is represented by groups from deep branches of the tree of life, suggesting this ecosystem as a reservoir of primitive life and a key system to study the processes that shaped the evolution of the biosphere., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2020
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36. Atacama Database: a platform of the microbiome of the Atacama Desert.
- Author
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Contador CA, Veas-Castillo L, Tapia E, Antipán M, Miranda N, Ruiz-Tagle B, García-Araya J, Andrews BA, Marin M, Dorador C, and Asenjo JA
- Subjects
- Archaea genetics, Archaea physiology, Bacteria genetics, Biotechnology, Desert Climate, Microbiota physiology, Soil Microbiology, Databases, Factual
- Abstract
The Atacama Desert is one of the oldest and driest places on Earth. In the last decade, microbial richness and diversity has been acknowledged as an important biological resource of this region. Owing to the value of the microbial diversity apparent in potential biotechnology applications and conservation purposes, it is necessary to catalogue these microbial communities to promote research activities and help to preserve the wide range of ecological niches of the Atacama region. A prototype Atacama Database has been designed and it provides a description of the rich microbial diversity of the Atacama Desert, and helps to visualise available literature resources. Data has been collected, curated, and organised into several categories to generate a single record for each organism in the database that covers classification, isolation metadata, morphology, physiology, genome and metabolism information. The current version of Atacama Database contains 2302 microorganisms and includes cultured and uncultured organisms retrieved from different environments within the desert between 1984 and 2016. These organisms are distributed in bacterial, archaeal or eukaryotic domains, along with those that are unclassified taxonomically. The initial prototype of the Atacama Database includes a basic search and taxonomic and advanced search tools to allow identification and comparison of microbial populations, and space distribution within this biome. A geolocation search was implemented to visualise the microbial diversity of the ecological niches defined by sectors and extract general information of the sampling sites. This effort will aid understanding of the microbial ecology of the desert, microbial population dynamics, seasonal behaviour, impact of climate change over time, and reveal further biotechnological applications of these microorganisms. The Atacama Database is freely available at: https://www.atacamadb.cl.
- Published
- 2020
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37. Exploring the hydrolytic potential of cultured halophilic bacteria isolated from the Atacama Desert.
- Author
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Ruginescu R, Purcărea C, Dorador C, Lavin P, Cojoc R, Neagu S, Lucaci I, and Enache M
- Subjects
- Bacteria genetics, Bacteria ultrastructure, Desert Climate, Environment, Hydrolysis, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Bacteria isolation & purification, Bacteria metabolism, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Environmental Microbiology
- Abstract
Considering that most industrial processes are carried out under harsh physicochemical conditions, which would inactivate enzymes from commonly isolated mesophilic organisms, current studies are geared toward the identification of extremophilic microorganisms producing enzymes resistant to extreme salt concentrations, temperature and pH. Among the extremophiles, halophilic microorganisms are an important source of salt-tolerant enzymes that can be used in varying biotechnological applications. In this context, the aim of the present work was to isolate and identify halophiles producing hydrolases from the Atacama Desert, one of the harshest environments on Earth. Isolates were recovered from halite samples and screened for the presence of seven different hydrolase activities (amylase, caseinase, gelatinase, lipase, pectinase, cellulase and inulinase) using agar plate-based assays. From a total of 23 halophilic bacterial isolates, most showed lipolytic (19 strains) and pectinolytic (11 strains) activities. The molecular identification of eight selected isolates showed a strong similarity to members of the Halomonas and Idiomarina genera. Therefore, the present study represents a preliminary, but essential, step to identify novel biological sources of extremozymes in an environment once thought to be devoid of life., (© FEMS 2019.)
- Published
- 2019
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38. Streptomyces altiplanensis sp. nov., an alkalitolerant species isolated from Chilean Altiplano soil, and emended description of Streptomyces chryseus (Krasil'nikov et al. 1965) Pridham 1970.
- Author
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Cortés-Albayay C, Dorador C, Schumann P, Schniete JK, Herron P, Andrews B, Asenjo J, and Nouioui I
- Subjects
- Alkalies, Altitude, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, Chile, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Diaminopimelic Acid chemistry, Fatty Acids chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Peptidoglycan chemistry, Phospholipids chemistry, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Streptomyces isolation & purification, Desert Climate, Phylogeny, Soil Microbiology, Streptomyces classification
- Abstract
A polyphasic approach was used for evaluating the taxonomic status of strain HST21
T isolated from Salar de Huasco in the Atacama Desert. The results of 16S rRNA gene and multilocus sequence phylogenetic analyses assigned strain HST21T to the genus Streptomyceswith Streptomyces albidochromogenes DSM 41800T and Streptomyces flavidovirens DSM 40150T as its nearest neighbours. Digital DNA-DNA hydridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the genome sequences of strain HST21T and S. albidochromogenes DSM 41800T (35.6 and 88.2 %) and S. flavidovirens DSM 40105T (47.2 and 88.8 %) were below the thresholds of 70 and 95-96 % for prokaryotic conspecific assignation. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic results distinguished strain HST21T from its closest neighbours. Strain HST21T is characterized by the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid in its peptidoglycan layer; glucose and ribose as whole cell sugars; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, glycophospholipids, unknown lipids and phospholipids as polar lipids; and anteiso-C15 : 0 (21.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (20.5 %) as major fatty acids (>15 %). Based on these results, strain HST21T merits recognition as a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces altiplanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HST21T =DSM 107267T =CECT 9647T . While analysing the phylogenies of strain HST21T , Streptomyces chryseus DSM 40420T and Streptomyces helvaticus DSM 40431T were found to have 100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with digital DNA-DNA hydridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 95.3 and 99.4 %, respectively. Therefore, S. helvaticus is considered as a later heterotypic synonym of S. chryseus and, consequently, we emend the description of S. chryseus.- Published
- 2019
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39. Streptomyces huasconensis sp. nov., an haloalkalitolerant actinobacterium isolated from a high altitude saline wetland at the Chilean Altiplano.
- Author
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Cortés-Albayay C, Dorador C, Schumann P, Andrews B, Asenjo J, and Nouioui I
- Subjects
- Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, Chile, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Diaminopimelic Acid chemistry, Fatty Acids chemistry, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Peptidoglycan chemistry, Phospholipids chemistry, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Streptomyces isolation & purification, Vitamin K 2 analogs & derivatives, Vitamin K 2 chemistry, Altitude, Phylogeny, Salinity, Streptomyces classification, Wetlands
- Abstract
Streptomyces strain HST28
T isolated from the Salar de Huasco, an athalassohaline and poly-extreme high altitude saline wetland located in northern Chile, was the subject of a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain HST28T showed morphological and chemotaxonomic features in line with its classification in the genus Streptomyces. Optimal growth of strain HST28T was obtained at 28 °C, pH 8-9 and up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. Single (16S rRNA) and multi-locus gene sequence analyses showed that strain HST28T had a distinct phylogenetic position from its closest relatives, the type strains of Steptomyces aureus and Streptomyces kanamyceticus. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (23.3 and 31.0 %) and average nucleotide identity (79.3 and 85.6 %) values between strain HST28T and its corresponding relatives mentioned above were below the threshold of 70 and 96 %, respectively, defined for assigning a prokaryotic strains to the same species. Strain HST28T was characterised by the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid in its peptidoglycan layer; galactose, glucose, ribose and traces of arabinose and mannose as whole-cell sugars; phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, aminolipid, glycophospholipid and an unidentified lipid as polar lipids; and the predominating menaquinones MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) (>20 %) as well as anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids (>15 %). Based on the phenotypic and genetic results, strain HST28T (DSM 107268T =CECT 9648T ) merits recognition as a new species named Streptomyces huasconensis sp. nov.- Published
- 2019
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40. Insights Into the Microbiology of the Chaotropic Brines of Salar de Atacama, Chile.
- Author
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Cubillos CF, Paredes A, Yáñez C, Palma J, Severino E, Vejar D, Grágeda M, and Dorador C
- Abstract
Microbial life inhabiting hypersaline environments belong to a limited group of extremophile or extremotolerant taxa. Natural or artificial hypersaline environments are not limited to high concentrations of NaCl, and under such conditions, specific adaptation mechanisms are necessary to permit microbial survival and growth. Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile include three large salars (salt flats) which globally, represent the largest lithium reserves, and are commonly referred to as the Lithium Triangle Zone. To date, a large amount of information has been generated regarding chemical, geological, meteorological and economical perspectives of these salars. However, there is a remarkable lack of information regarding the biology of these unique environments. Here, we report the presence of two bacterial strains (isolates LIBR002 and LIBR003) from one of the most hypersaline lithium-dominated man-made environments (total salinity 556 g/L; 11.7 M LiCl) reported to date. Both isolates were classified to the Bacillus genera, but displayed differences in 16S rRNA gene and fatty acid profiles. Our results also revealed that the isolates are lithium-tolerant and that they are phylogenetically differentiated from those Bacillus associated with high NaCl concentration environments, and form a new clade from the Lithium Triangle Zone. To determine osmoadaptation strategies in these microorganisms, both isolates were characterized using morphological, metabolic and physiological attributes. We suggest that our characterization of bacterial isolates from a highly lithium-enriched environment has revealed that even at such extreme salinities with high concentrations of chaotropic solutes, scope for microbial life exists. These conditions have previously been considered to limit the development of life, and our work extends the window of life beyond high concentrations of MgCl
2 , as previously reported, to LiCl. Our results can be used to further the understanding of salt tolerance, most especially for LiCl-dominated brines, and likely have value as models for the understanding of putative extra-terrestrial (e.g., Martian) life.- Published
- 2019
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41. Total and Potentially Active Bacterial Communities Entrapped in a Late Glacial Through Holocene Ice Core From Scarisoara Ice Cave, Romania.
- Author
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Paun VI, Icaza G, Lavin P, Marin C, Tudorache A, Perşoiu A, Dorador C, and Purcarea C
- Abstract
Our understanding of the icy-habitat microbiome is likely limited by a lack of reliable data on microorganisms inhabiting underground ice that has accumulated inside caves. To characterize how environmental variation impacts cave ice microbial community structure, we determined the composition of total and potentially active bacterial communities along a 13,000-year-old ice core from Scarisoara cave (Romania) through 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. An average of 2,546 prokaryotic gDNA operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 585 cDNA OTUs were identified across the perennial cave ice block and analyzed in relation to the geochemical composition of ice layers. The total microbial community and the putative active fraction displayed dissimilar taxa profiles. The ice-contained microbiome was dominated by Actinobacteria with a variable representation of Proteobacteria, while the putative active microbial community was equally shared between Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Accordingly, a major presence of Cryobacterium, Lysinomonas, Pedobacter , and Aeromicrobium phylotypes homologous to psychrotrophic and psychrophilic bacteria from various cold environments were noted in the total community, while the prevalent putative active bacteria belonged to Clostridium, Pseudomonas, Janthinobacterium, Stenotrophomonas , and Massilia genera. Variation in the microbial cell density of ice strata with the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and the strong correlation of DOC and silicon concentrations revealed a major impact of depositional processes on microbial abundance throughout the ice block. Post-depositional processes appeared to occur mostly during the 4,000-7,000 years BP interval. A major bacterial composition shift was observed in 4,500-5,000-year-old ice, leading to a high representation of Beta- and Deltaproteobacteria in the potentially active community in response to the increased concentrations of DOC and major chemical elements. Estimated metabolic rates suggested the presence of a viable microbial community within the cave ice block, characterized by a maintenance metabolism in most strata and growth capacity in those ice deposits with high microbial abundance and DOC content. This first survey of microbial distribution in perennial cave ice formed since the Last Glacial period revealed a complex potentially active community, highlighting major shifts in community composition associated with geochemical changes that took place during climatic events that occurred about 5,000 years ago, with putative formation of photosynthetic biofilms.
- Published
- 2019
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42. Systematic Affiliation and Genome Analysis of Subtercola vilae DB165 T with Particular Emphasis on Cold Adaptation of an Isolate from a High-Altitude Cold Volcano Lake.
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Villalobos AS, Wiese J, Imhoff JF, Dorador C, Keller A, and Hentschel U
- Abstract
Among the Microbacteriaceae the species of Subtercola and Agreia form closely associated clusters. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated three major phylogenetic branches of these species. One of these branches contains the two psychrophilic species Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola vilae , together with a larger number of isolates from various cold environments. Genomic evidence supports the separation of Agreia and Subtercola species. In order to gain insight into the ability of S. vilae to adapt to life in this extreme environment, we analyzed the genome with a particular focus on properties related to possible adaptation to a cold environment. General properties of the genome are presented, including carbon and energy metabolism, as well as secondary metabolite production. The repertoire of genes in the genome of S. vilae DB165
T linked to adaptations to the harsh conditions found in Llullaillaco Volcano Lake includes several mechanisms to transcribe proteins under low temperatures, such as a high number of tRNAs and cold shock proteins. In addition, S. vilae DB165T is capable of producing a number of proteins to cope with oxidative stress, which is of particular relevance at low temperature environments, in which reactive oxygen species are more abundant. Most important, it obtains capacities to produce cryo-protectants, and to combat against ice crystal formation, it produces ice-binding proteins. Two new ice-binding proteins were identified which are unique to S. vilae DB165T . These results indicate that S. vilae has the capacity to employ different mechanisms to live under the extreme and cold conditions prevalent in Llullaillaco Volcano Lake., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests.- Published
- 2019
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43. Bacterial Communities Associated With Spherical Nostoc Macrocolonies.
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Aguilar P, Dorador C, Vila I, and Sommaruga R
- Abstract
Species of the genus Nostoc (Cyanobacteria) can form large colonies of up to several centimeters in diameter that may represent a unique habitat for bacteria in freshwaters. Bacteria inside the colony are probably segregated from the surrounding water and largely dependent on the metabolism of this primary producer. However, the existence of a specific bacterial community associated with free-living representatives of Nostoc from lakes and streams is unknown. Here, we studied large Nostoc spp. colonies (ca. 2-10 cm in diameter) from two adjacent, high altitude aquatic environments and assessed the diversity, and community composition of the bacterial community associated with the inner gelatinous matrix (GM). Further, we compared this community with that of the lake's littoral zone where the colonies live or with the outer layer (OL) of the colony in samples collected from a stream. Alpha bacterial diversity in the inner GM of the colonies from both sites was lower than in the littoral zone or than in the OL. Significant differences in community composition were found between the inner and the OL, as well as between the inner GM, and the littoral zone. Further, these differences were supported by the putative metabolic processes of the bacterial communities. Our results indicate the existence of a specific bacterial community inside macrocolonies of Nostoc spp. and also imply that the inner environment exerts a strong selection. Finally, these large colonies represent not only a unique habitat, but probably also a hotspot of bacterial activity in an otherwise oligotrophic environment.
- Published
- 2019
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44. Active microbiome structure and its association with environmental factors and viruses at different aquatic sites of a high-altitude wetland.
- Author
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Eissler Y, Gálvez MJ, Dorador C, Hengst M, and Molina V
- Subjects
- Altitude, Archaea genetics, Bacteria genetics, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Seasons, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Viruses genetics, Archaea classification, Bacteria classification, Ecosystem, Microbiota, Viruses classification, Water Microbiology, Wetlands
- Abstract
Salar de Huasco is a high-altitude wetland characterized by a highly diverse microbial life adapted to extreme climatic and environmental conditions. Our study aims to determine active microbial community structure changes within different aquatic sites and its relationship with environmental factors and viruses as potential drivers of diversification in different aquatic areas of this ecosystem. In this study, bacteria and archaea composition (16S rRNA subunit pyrolibraries) and picoplankton and viral abundance were determined at ponds, springs and lagoon sites of the wetland during wet and dry seasons (February and July 2012, respectively). In general, mixosaline waters (1,400-51,000 μS/cm) usually found in ponds and lagoon presented higher picoplanktonic abundances compared to freshwater (<800 μS/cm) spring sites, ranging from 1.07 × 10
5 to 1.83 × 107 cells/ml. Viral abundance and viral to picoplankton ratio (VPR) also presented greater values at ponds compared to spring sites, reaching up to 4.78 × 108 viruses-like particles and up to 351 for VPR. In general, ponds hold a higher microbial diversity and complexity associated also with the presence of microbial mats compared with water sources or lagoon (Shannon index H' 2.6-3.9 vs. <2.0). A greater richness of archaea was also detected in ponds characterized by functional groups such as known methanogens and ammonia oxidizers, and uncultured groups. In total, our results indicate that among the different aquatic sites of the wetland, ponds presented a great microbial community diversification associated to a higher top-down control by viruses which may influence nutrient and greenhouse gases cycling., (© 2018 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2019
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45. Adaptive Strategies in a Poly-Extreme Environment: Differentiation of Vegetative Cells in Serratia ureilytica and Resistance to Extreme Conditions.
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Filippidou S, Junier T, Wunderlin T, Kooli WM, Palmieri I, Al-Dourobi A, Molina V, Lienhard R, Spangenberg JE, Johnson SL, Chain PSG, Dorador C, and Junier P
- Abstract
Poly-extreme terrestrial habitats are often used as analogs to extra-terrestrial environments. Understanding the adaptive strategies allowing bacteria to thrive and survive under these conditions could help in our quest for extra-terrestrial planets suitable for life and understanding how life evolved in the harsh early earth conditions. A prime example of such a survival strategy is the modification of vegetative cells into resistant resting structures. These differentiated cells are often observed in response to harsh environmental conditions. The environmental strain (strain Lr5/4) belonging to Serratia ureilytica was isolated from a geothermal spring in Lirima, Atacama Desert, Chile. The Atacama Desert is the driest habitat on Earth and furthermore, due to its high altitude, it is exposed to an increased amount of UV radiation. The geothermal spring from which the strain was isolated is oligotrophic and the temperature of 54°C exceeds mesophilic conditions (15 to 45°C). Although the vegetative cells were tolerant to various environmental insults (desiccation, extreme pH, glycerol), a modified cell type was formed in response to nutrient deprivation, UV radiation and thermal shock. Scanning (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses of vegetative cells and the modified cell structures were performed. In SEM, a change toward a circular shape with reduced size was observed. These circular cells possessed what appears as extra coating layers under TEM. The resistance of the modified cells was also investigated, they were resistant to wet heat, UV radiation and desiccation, while vegetative cells did not withstand any of those conditions. A phylogenomic analysis was undertaken to investigate the presence of known genes involved in dormancy in other bacterial clades. Genes related to spore-formation in Myxococcus and Firmicutes were found in S. ureilytica Lr5/4 genome; however, these genes were not enough for a full sporulation pathway that resembles either group. Although, the molecular pathway of cell differentiation in S. ureilytica Lr5/4 is not fully defined, the identified genes may contribute to the modified phenotype in the Serratia genus. Here, we show that a modified cell structure can occur as a response to extremity in a species that was previously not known to deploy this strategy. This strategy may be widely spread in bacteria, but only expressed under poly-extreme environmental conditions.
- Published
- 2019
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46. Microbial community composition and trophic role along a marked salinity gradient in Laguna Puilar, Salar de Atacama, Chile.
- Author
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Dorador C, Fink P, Hengst M, Icaza G, Villalobos AS, Vejar D, Meneses D, Zadjelovic V, Burmann L, Moelzner J, and Harrod C
- Subjects
- Bacteria isolation & purification, Bacteroidetes genetics, Bacteroidetes isolation & purification, Biodiversity, Chile, Chloroflexi, Ecosystem, Geologic Sediments microbiology, Phylogeny, Proteobacteria genetics, Proteobacteria isolation & purification, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Salinity, Bacteria genetics, Water Microbiology
- Abstract
The geological, hydrological and microbiological features of the Salar de Atacama, the most extensive evaporitic sedimentary basin in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, have been extensively studied. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to the composition and roles of microbial communities in hypersaline lakes which are a unique feature in the Salar. In the present study biochemical, chemical and molecular biological tools were used to determine the composition and roles of microbial communities in water, microbial mats and sediments along a marked salinity gradient in Laguna Puilar which is located in the "Los Flamencos" National Reserve. The bacterial communities at the sampling sites were dominated by members of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria. Stable isotope and fatty acid analyses revealed marked variability in the composition of microbial mats at different sampling sites both horizontally (at different sites) and vertically (in the different layers). The Laguna Puilar was shown to be a microbially dominated ecosystem in which more than 60% of the fatty acids at particular sites are of bacterial origin. Our pioneering studies also suggest that the energy budgets of avian consumers (three flamingo species) and dominant invertebrates (amphipods and gastropods) use minerals as a source of energy and nutrients. Overall, the results of this study support the view that the Salar de Atacama is a heterogeneous and fragile ecosystem where small changes in environmental conditions may alter the balance of microbial communities with possible consequences at different trophic levels.
- Published
- 2018
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47. Distribution of greenhouse gases in hyper-arid and arid areas of northern Chile and the contribution of the high altitude wetland microbiome (Salar de Huasco, Chile).
- Author
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Molina V, Eissler Y, Cornejo M, Galand PE, Dorador C, Hengst M, Fernandez C, and Francois JP
- Subjects
- Archaea classification, Archaea genetics, Archaea metabolism, Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria metabolism, Biodiversity, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Chile, DNA, Archaeal genetics, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Geologic Sediments microbiology, Greenhouse Gases metabolism, Methane analysis, Methane metabolism, Nitrous Oxide analysis, Nitrous Oxide metabolism, RNA, Ribosomal genetics, Ultraviolet Rays, Altitude, Desert Climate, Ecosystem, Greenhouse Gases analysis, Microbiota physiology, Wetlands
- Abstract
Northern Chile harbors different bioclimatic zones including hyper-arid and arid ecosystems and hotspots of microbial life, such as high altitude wetlands, which may contribute differentially to greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO
2 ), methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O). In this study, we explored ground level GHG distribution and the potential role of a wetland situated at 3800 m.a.s.l, and characterized by high solar radiation < 1600 W m-2 , extreme temperature ranges (-12 to 24 °C) and wind stress (< 17 m s-1 ). The water source of the wetland is mainly groundwater springs, which generates streams and ponds surrounded by peatlands. These sites support a rich microbial aquatic life including diverse bacteria and archaea communities, which transiently form more complex structures, such as microbial mats. In this study, GHG were measured in the water and above ground level air at the wetland site and along an elevation gradient in different bioclimatic areas from arid to hyper-arid zones. The microbiome from the water and sediments was described by high-throughput sequencing 16S rRNA and rDNA genes. The results indicate that GHG at ground level were variable along the elevation gradient potentially associated with different bioclimatic zones, reaching high values at the high Andean steppe and variable but lower values in the Atacama Desert and at the wetland. The water areas of the wetland presented high concentrations of CH4 and CO2 , particularly at the spring areas and in air bubbles below microbial mats. The microbial community was rich (> 40 phyla), including archaea and bacteria potentially active in the different matrices studied (water, sediments and mats). Functional microbial groups associated with GHG recycling were detected at low frequency, i.e., < 2.5% of total sequences. Our results indicate that hyper-arid and arid areas of northern Chile are sites of GHG exchange associated with various bioclimatic zones and particularly in aquatic areas of the wetland where this ecosystem could represent a net sink of N2 O and a source for CH4 and CO2 .- Published
- 2018
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48. Introducing the Atacama Desert.
- Author
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Bull AT, Andrews BA, Dorador C, and Goodfellow M
- Subjects
- Chile, Conservation of Natural Resources, Extreme Environments, Humans, Indians, South American, Desert Climate, Soil Microbiology
- Abstract
This brief introduction is intended to orientate the reader with respect to the principal environmental and historical features of the Atacama Desert, the oldest and continuously driest non-polar temperate desert on Earth. Exploration of its microbiology is relatively recent but both fundamental and applied research activities have grown dramatically in recent years reflecting the substantial interest in its microbial diversity, ecology, biogeochemistry, natural product potential and Mars-analogue properties of this unique and invigorating environment.
- Published
- 2018
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49. Rhodobacter sp. Rb3, an aerobic anoxygenic phototroph which thrives in the polyextreme ecosystem of the Salar de Huasco, in the Chilean Altiplano.
- Author
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Pérez V, Dorador C, Molina V, Yáñez C, and Hengst M
- Subjects
- Altitude, Chile, Computational Biology, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Genes, Bacterial, Models, Biological, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, RNA, Transfer genetics, Rhodobacter genetics, Rhodobacter metabolism, Species Specificity, Adaptation, Physiological genetics, Ecosystem, Extreme Environments, Rhodobacter physiology, Water Microbiology
- Abstract
The Salar de Huasco is an evaporitic basin located in the Chilean Altiplano, which presents extreme environmental conditions for life, i.e. high altitude (3800 m.a.s.l.), negative water balance, a wide salinity range, high daily temperature changes and the occurrence of the highest registered solar radiation on the planet (> 1200 W m
-2 ). This ecosystem is considered as a natural laboratory to understand different adaptations of microorganisms to extreme conditions. Rhodobacter, an anoxygenic aerobic phototrophic bacterial genus, represents one of the most abundant groups reported based on taxonomic diversity surveys in this ecosystem. The bacterial mat isolate Rhodobacter sp. strain Rb3 was used to study adaptation mechanisms to stress-inducing factors potentially explaining its success in a polyextreme ecosystem. We found that the Rhodobacter sp. Rb3 genome was characterized by a high abundance of genes involved in stress tolerance and adaptation strategies, among which DNA repair and oxidative stress were the most conspicuous. Moreover, many other molecular mechanisms associated with oxidative stress, photooxidation and antioxidants; DNA repair and protection; motility, chemotaxis and biofilm synthesis; osmotic stress, metal, metalloid and toxic anions resistance; antimicrobial resistance and multidrug pumps; sporulation; cold shock and heat shock stress; mobile genetic elements and toxin-antitoxin system were detected and identified as potential survival mechanism features in Rhodobacter sp. Rb3. In total, these results reveal a wide set of strategies used by the isolate to adapt and thrive under environmental stress conditions as a model of polyextreme environmental resistome.- Published
- 2018
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50. Preface.
- Author
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Bull AT, Andrews BA, Dorador C, and Goodfellow M
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Metabolic Engineering methods, South America, Systems Biology methods, Desert Climate
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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