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We present comprehensive numerical results from a study of model H, which describes phase separation kinetics in binary fluid mixtures. We study the pattern dynamics of both density and velocity fields in d = 2, 3. The density length scales show three distinct regimes, in accordance with analytical arguments. The velocity length scale shows a diffusive behavior. We also study the scaling behavior of the morphologies for density and velocity fields and observe dynamical scaling in the relevant correlation functions and structure factors. Finally, we study the effect of quenched random field disorder on spinodal decomposition in model H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by cognitive deficits and abnormal memory formation. Histone acetylation is essential for hippocampal memory formation and improving the cognitive deficits, and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is increased in the hippocampus of AD patients. The present study evaluated the effects of the nitric oxide (NO) mimetics, L-arginine and the nitrosothiol NO donor, s-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), on memory and brain HDAC2 levels in experimental animal model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). AD was induced experimentally in rats by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 3mg/kg). The effects of NO mimetics, GSNO and L-arginine, were assessed on STZ induced cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, and, following this, the hippocampal homogenates were assayed for amyloid-β, brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and HDAC2 levels. The neurobehavioral and biochemical data of the drug treated groups were compared with those of experimental control group. The results showed that icv-STZ induced cognitive deficits were differentially attenuated by GSNO (50µg/kg) and, to a lesser extent, L-arginine (100mg/kg) with improvement in the spatial learning tasks in MWM test. These behavioral changes were associated with decreased levels of biochemical markers viz. amyloid β, BDNF and HDAC2 levels in hippocampus. It is inferred that NO donors like GSNO could influence AD pathophysiology via epigenetic modification of HDAC2 inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the solution and behaviour of local fractional Fokker–Planck equation (LFFPE) is investigated in fractal media. For this purpose, the local fractional homotopy perturbation Elzaki transform method (LFHPETM) is proposed and utilized to explore the solution of LFFPE. The proposed scheme is a merger of well known local fractional homotopy perturbation technique and recently introduced local fractional Elzaki transform (LFET). The convergence and uniqueness analyses for LFHPETM solution of the general partial differential equation is also presented along with the computational procedure of this new hybrid combination. Three examples of LFFPE are illustrated to depict the applicability of the employed method with graphical simulations on Cantor set. The copulation of LFET with local fractional homotopy perturbation method (LFHPM) efficiently provides the faster solution for LFFPE in a fractal domain as compared to the LFHPM. Furthermore, the achieved solutions are also in a good match with existing solutions. The 3D behavior of solutions of LFFPEs are presented for fractal order ln 2 / ln 3 . Figures illustrate the 3D surface graphics of solutions with respect to input variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obg-like ATPase 1 (OLA1) protein has GTP and ATP hydrolyzing activities and is important for cellular growth and survival. The human OLA1 gene maps to chromosome 2 (locus 2q31.1), near Titin (TTN), which is associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study, we found that expression of OLA1 was significantly downregulated in failing human heart tissue (HF) compared to non-failing hearts (NF). Using the Sanger sequencing method, we characterized the human OLA1 gene and screened for mutations in the OLA1 gene in patients with failing and non-failing hearts. Among failing and non-failing heart patients, we found 15 different mutations in the OLA1 gene, including two transversions, one substitution, one deletion, and eleven transitions. All mutations were intronic except for a non-synonymous 5144A>G, resulting in 254Tyr>Cys in exon 8 of the OLA1 gene. Furthermore, haplotype analysis of these mutations revealed that these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are linked to each other, resulting in disease-specific haplotypes. Additionally, to screen the 254Tyr>Cys point mutation, we developed a cost-effective, rapid genetic screening PCR test that can differentiate between homozygous (AA and GG) and heterozygous (A/G) genotypes. Our results demonstrate that this PCR test can effectively screen for OLA1 mutation-associated cardiomyopathy in human patients using easily accessible cells or tissues, such as blood cells. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histones serve as a major carrier of epigenetic information in the form of post‐translational modifications which are vital for controlling gene expression, maintaining cell identity, and ensuring proper cellular function. Loss of histones in the aging genome can drastically impact the epigenetic landscape of the cell leading to altered chromatin structure and changes in gene expression profiles. In this study, we investigated the impact of age‐related changes on histone levels and histone acetylation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retina of mice. We observed a global reduction of histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 in aged RPE/choroid but not in the neural retina. Transcriptomic analyses revealed significant downregulation of histones in aged RPE/choroid including crucial elements of the histone locus body (HLB) complex involved in histone pre‐mRNA processing. Knockdown of HINFP, a key HLB component, in human RPE cells induced histone loss, senescence, and the upregulation of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers. Replicative senescence and chronological aging in human RPE cells similarly resulted in progressive histone loss and acquisition of the SASP. Immunostaining of human retina sections revealed histone loss in RPE with age. Acetyl‐histone profiling in aged mouse RPE/choroid revealed a specific molecular signature with loss of global acetyl‐histone levels, including H3K14ac, H3K56ac, and H4K16ac marks. These findings strongly demonstrate histone loss as a unique feature of RPE aging and provide critical insights into the potential mechanisms linking histone dynamics, cellular senescence, and aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface morphology modification and optical property modification of semi-insulating gallium arsenide sample implanted with 100 keV silicon ions with the fluences ranging between 5 × 10 1 5 and 4 × 10 1 7 ion cm − 2 were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy study. Scanning electron microscopy study revealed pore-like structure formation on the surface of gallium arsenide samples after silicon ion implantation. The size of these pore-like structures was found to increase with increasing ion fluence. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed an increase in silicon concentration in the gallium arsenide sample after silicon ion implantation with increasing ion fluence. The UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy study revealed a decrease in optical transmission for silicon ion implanted gallium arsenide sample with increasing ion fluence. An additional absorption band was observed for the gallium arsenide sample implanted with the highest fluence (4 × 10 1 7 ion cm − 2). Urbach tail energy was found to increase with respect to ion fluence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate sodium alginate microbeads with calcium chloride as cross-linking agent for Clonidinehydrochloride by ionotropic gelation method. Clonidine hydrochloride a centrally acting sympatholytic and imidazoline-derivative hypotensiveagent; selective α2-adrenergic agonist. It stimulates alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the brainstem to decrease sympathetic nervous system outflow. It is also administered epidurally to treat pain. Microbeads offer numerous advantages for releasing one of the drugs or part of the samedrug immediately while remaining drug or parts of the same can be sustained release. Prepared microbeads were evaluated for particle size,polydispersity index, zeta potential, particle shape, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency and In-vitro drug release. The prepared beads were free flowing and white in colour. The drug loaded beads showed 72.9±2.4% to 94.6±2.6% drug entrapment, which was found to increase with increase in alginate concentration. In vitro drug release study of these microbeads indicated controlled release for Clonidine hydrochloride 83.46% release after 48 hours. Hence the observations of all results of the different batches, MBD 11 showed controlled release action and improved drug availability. From this study it could be concluded that the free flowing micro beads of Clonidine hydro chloride could be successfully prepared by ionotropic gelation technique with high entrapment efficiency and prolonged release characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum 6061 alloy using silicon carbide (SiC) particles as a reinforcement is a promising metal matrix composite (MMC) that has gained significant attention in the automotive and aerospace industries. Till now the effect of the addition of SiC particles in Al6061 composite is not studied in depth and also very few studies are reported the on‐wear properties of Al6061‐SiC composite. So, to further enhance the properties of Al6061 alloy and to study in depth this work is carried out. In this study, MMCs are prepared using the stir casting route with varying weight fractions (5–10 wt%) of SiC particles. The properties of composites including tensile strength, compression strength, and wear are evaluated experimentally. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of SiC particles into the Al alloy matrix leads to a notable improvement in mechanical and wear parameters. The tensile and compression strength of the Al composites increases with an increase in the weight percentage addition of SiC particles (from 5% to 7.5%). At 7.5 wt% addition of SiC, it is found that the particles are uniformly distributed throughout the Al6061 alloy matrix. And also shows higher mechanical and wear properties as compared to 5% and 10% addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and transcription nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF-2) play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the interactive involvement of BDNF and NRF-2 in respect to antioxidant mechanisms in different parts of the AD brain is still unclear. Considering the above condition, used S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to examine whether it modulates the BDNF and NRF-2 levels to activate signaling pathway to promote antioxidant levels in AD brains. Method: AD was induced by intracerebroventricular infusion of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ, 3 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. The effect of GSNO was analyzed by evaluating the retention of memory in months 1, 2, and 3. After the behavior study, rats were sacrificed and accessed the amyloid beta (Aβ)-40, Aβ42, glutathione (GSH), BDNF, and NRF-2 levels in the hippocampus, cortex, and amygdala tissue. Results: Pretreatment with GSNO (50 µg/kg/intraperitoneal/day) restored the BDNF, and NRF-2 levels toward normalcy as compared with ICV-STZ + saline-treated animals. Also, GSNO treatment reversed the oxidative stress and increased the GSH levels toward normal levels. Further, reduced Aβ levels and neuronal loss in different brain regions. As a result, GSNO treatment improved the cognitive deficits in ICV-STZ-treated rats. Conclusion: The results showed that endogenous nitric oxide donor GSNO improved the cognitive deficits and ICV-STZ-induced AD pathological conditions, possibly via attenuating the oxidative stress. Hence, the above finding supported that GSNO treatment may activate BDNF and NRF-2 antioxidant signaling pathways in the AD brain to normalize oxidative stress, which is the main causative factor for ICV-STZ-induced AD pathogenesis. Plain Language Summary: This work is mainly focused on the investigation of the antioxidant activity of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in intracerebroventricular infusion of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in rats. GSNO is an endogenous nitric oxide donor and has potent antioxidant activities. Our study revealed for the first time that GSNO may have antioxidant activities in AD by improving the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Further, GSNO treatment improved spatial retention and contextual fear memory in rats. Also, GSNO treatment decreased the AD neuropathological parameters (neuronal damage, amyloid beta-Aβ40, Aβ42) and improved the neuroprotective parameters (GSH, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2) levels in AD brain tissues. These findings indicate that GSNO activates the neuronal antioxidant defense system and normalizes oxidative stress in the AD brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the global population experiences a notable surge in aging demographics, the need to understand the intricate molecular pathways exacerbated by age-related stresses, including epigenetic dysregulation, becomes a priority. Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in driving age-related diseases through altered gene expression, genomic instability, and irregular chromatin remodeling. In this review, we focus on histones, a central component of the epigenome, and consolidate the key findings of histone loss and genome-wide redistribution as fundamental processes contributing to aging and senescence. The review provides insights into novel histone expression profiles, nucleosome occupancy, disruptions in higher-order chromatin architecture, and the emergence of noncanonical histone variants in the aging cellular landscape. Furthermore, we explore the current state of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of histone deficiency in aging cells. Specific emphasis is placed on highlighting histone degradation pathways in the cell and studies that have explored potential strategies to mitigate histone loss or restore histone levels in aging cells. Finally, in addressing future perspectives, the insights gained from this review hold profound implications for advancing strategies that actively intervene in modulating histone expression profiles in the context of cellular aging and identifying potential therapeutic targets for alleviating a multitude of age-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer is among the well‐known forms of cancer and a prominent cause of cancer demises worldwide. In vitro experiments reinforced by animal studies, as well as epidemiological studies of human colorectal cancer propose that the growth of this disease can be moderated by eating aspects. Dietary intake including green vegetables and fruits may result in the reduction of colon cancer chances. The finding suggests that the combinations of dietary nutrients may deliver additive or synergistic effects and might be a powerful method to avoid or eradicate colon cancer beginning and/or development. Flavonols are one of the most widespread dietary nutrients of the polyphenols‐flavonoids and major constituent of Allium and Brassicaceae vegetables. Flavonols present in vegetables of Allium and Brassicaceae family are kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. These flavonols are claimed to have antiproliferative activity in vivo and in vitro against colorectal cancer. The objective of this review is to summarize the role of flavonols obtained from dietary sources in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To report a rare case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis with interstitial lung disease. Retrospective case report. A middle-aged female, who was a known case of systemic sclerosis with interstitial lung disease, was presented with sudden painless bilateral loss of vision for a month. The fundoscopy findings were suggestive of bilateral optic atrophy. Anti-topoisomerase I was found in the serum. Serum B12 and folate levels were reduced. HRCT Chest was suggestive of interstitial lung disease. MRI brain was normal and MRI orbit showed kinking of the left optic nerve. The findings were suggestive of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis with interstitial lung disease and bilateral optic neuropathy. This is a rare case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis and interstitial lung disease with profound vision loss, in the absence of renal or cardiac involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monsoon precipitation plays a crucial role in shaping the diversity of vegetation in the Himalayas, both in terms of temporal and spatial distribution. While palynology has traditionally been employed to reconstruct the past climate of the Himalaya, there has been limited understanding of how monsoon-related changes affect the structure and distribution of vegetation. To address this, we analysed pollen data from a 3 m deep sedimentary profile in the higher Sikkim Himalaya to reconstruct monsoon driven changes in vegetation diversity. Our results show a highly fluctuating trend of pollen and diversity parameters at late-Pleistocene-Holocene transition for which fluctuating hydroclimatic conditions and differential pollen preservation in coarser sediments is attributed. During the Early Holocene (10,438–7934 cal yrs BP) favourable hydroclimatic conditions led to a rapid expansion of mixed broad-leaved forests, marked by higher values of richness and alpha diversity. Between 7934 and 5481 cal yrs BP, the region experienced moderate hydroclimatic conditions that facilitated expansion and diversification of woody taxa, and correlated with the global Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO). Conversely, from 5481 to3949 cal yrs BP, declining total pollen count (TPC), species richness, and alpha diversity indicates significant shifts in vegetation composition under deteriorating climatic conditions, which corresponds with the 4.2 ka event worldwide. From 3949 to 2049 cal yrs BP, an increasing yet variable trend in TPC and diversity indices, suggests warm-humid conditions prevailed in the region. During the last 1086 cal yrs, an increasing trend is recorded in the palyno assemblage and diversity parameters suggesting ameliorating climate, matches well with the Mediaeval Climate Anomaly (MCA). Our inferences suggest that the palyno assemblage and diversity parameters are quiet sensitive to warm and humid conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a letter to the editor published in the journal Neurological Sciences. It discusses a unique case study of a teenager with congenital myasthenic syndrome and demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy. The patient had a specific genetic mutation and experienced significant improvement in symptoms with salbutamol monotherapy. The letter emphasizes the importance of identifying the genetic basis of each syndrome for genetic counseling and appropriate therapy. The study highlights the variability of clinical manifestations in congenital myasthenic syndromes and the potential efficacy of salbutamol as a treatment option. Further research is needed to understand the effects of salbutamol on demyelinating neuropathy and its overall therapeutic efficacy in AChR deficiency-related congenital myasthenic syndromes. [Extracted from the article]

Recently supramolecular chirality has received increasing interest due to its potential applications in enantioselective sensors and chromatographic separation of enantiomers. The appearance of such chirality results from the helical organization of molecules manifested by H-bonding interactions, weak van der Waals forces, and electrostatic forces. In recent years a lot of interest has been focused towards the synthesis of chiral conjugated polymers such as polyacetylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline (PANI), and poly(p-phenylene vinylene) due to their potential applications in circularly polarized electroluminescence and chiral electrode for asymmetric synthesis. Among these chiral PANI is desirable because it is inexpensive, environmentally stable, and can be readily doped and dedoped using simple acid–base stimuli. Besides PANI does not require any synthetic steps before the polymerization of achiral aniline and totally relies on the preferential formation of either right- or left-handed helix of the polymer backbone due to the presence of a chiral dopant in the reaction medium. Different types of chiral acids have been used for the creation of helical polyaniline using different methods. This review paper presents a detailed discussion of different methods of synthesizing helical/chiral polyaniline, different types of dopants used for chirality induction, chirality measurement by circular dichroism spectroscopy, parameters controlling induction and stabilization of chirality in PANI, and application of chiral polyanilines in diverse areas such as enantiomer separation, enantioselective synthesis, chiral nanocomposites, and microwave absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are not many reports on psychogenic diplopia in children and adolescents which is diagnosed as „Dissociate neurological symptom disorder, with visual disturbance" (DNSD) as per ICD-11 guidelines. Here we present a 12-year-old adolescent's case report along with his responses on Somatic Inkblot Series (SIS-II) projective test along with the interpretation of the responses. The blind analysis of the report validates the known history and indicated the need for further exploration to aid the therapeutic process. The images revealed the client's poor interpersonal relationships with his mother, father and peers, with a low self and aggressive attitude with desire to have power and authority. Clients who undergo these experiences need personal therapy to address their negative attitude and aggressive behavior. More research of SIS-II with children and adolescents may help the clinicians to unravel the „inner cry" and help them to process the unresolved issues during psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous structures emerging as promising electrode materials due to their high structural diversity, controlled and wide pore network, and amenability to chemical modifications. COFs are solely composed of periodically arranged organic molecules, resulting in lightweight materials. Their inherent properties, such as extended surface area and diverse framework topologies, along with their high proclivity to chemical modification, have positioned COFs as sophisticated materials in the realm of electrochemical energy storage (EES). The modular structure of COFs facilitates the integration of key functions such as redox‐active moieties, fast charge diffusion channels, composite formation with conductive counterparts, and highly porous network for accommodating charged energy carriers, which can significantly enhance their electrochemical performance. However, ascribing intricate porosity and redox‐active functionalities to a single COF structure, while maintaining long‐term electrochemical stability, is challenging. Efforts to overcome these hurdles embrace strategies such as the implementation of reversible linkages for structural flexibility, stimuli‐responsive functionalities, and incorporating chemical groups to promote the formation of COF heterostructures. This review focuses on the recent progress of COFs in EES devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, through a meticulous exploration of the latest strategies aimed at optimizing COFs as advanced electrodes in future EES technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation delves into the functionality exhibited by ferroelectric BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BFM) nanoparticles (NPs) concerning the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrocatalytic activity of BFM NPs undergoes a transformative shift as a consequence of mono‐, di‐, and tri‐valent cation substitution. Notably, the strategic engineering of doping at the Bi site within BFM NPs yields a remarkable outcome, namely the conspicuous reduction of the kinetic overpotential prerequisite for HER. This diminished overpotential in doped BFM NPs arises from the confluence of multifarious factors: diminished charge transfer resistance, augmented specific surface area, a discernible distribution of pore sizes ranging from narrow to broad, particles endowed with a shape boasting abundant active facets, and the integration of dopants as novel active sites on the surface. Furthermore, the presence of surface defects, oxygen vacancies, and amplified microstrain within doped BFM NPs contributes to the reduction in overpotential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a milder approach for C(sp2=−H functionalization of 2,2‐disubstituted cyclopentene‐1,3‐dione via formal 1° amination utilizing water as a solvent. In addition, this approach also offers C(sp2)−O, C(sp2)−I bond formation for the first time using sodium azide. The said highly scalable transformation does not require any prefunctionalization of the starting material. Moreover, this methodology is metal free, requires no ligand and all these reactions are carried out in an open‐air atmosphere with broad substrate scope. We have also explored a novel BF3.OEt2 mediated dehalogenation using mild reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary This research explores the development of high‐moisture meat analogues (HMMA) by blending wheat gluten (WG) and rice protein (RP) with pea protein isolate (PPI) in a twin‐screw extruder under high‐moisture extrusion conditions. The study investigates the effects of incorporating RP and WG with PPI on textural, rheological and colour properties, as well as the underlying protein–protein interactions through protein solubility. From the compositional analysis of these secondary ingredients, there was no significant difference between them. However, results from the extrusion indicated that WG‐PPI showed good fibration and higher instrumental anisotropy than RP‐PPI blend extrudates. RP‐PPI blends exhibit inferior textural and rheological properties, attributed to RP's limited crosslinking ability within the protein matrix. This has resulted in a poor structure and lower textural values at higher incorporation of RP (50%) in the pea protein matrix. This was due to the insoluble protein fraction of the RP resulting in a non‐melting in the extrusion barrel. These findings underscore the importance of understanding protein interactions in developing optimised HMMA formulations, paving the way for further exploration into developing modified RP with improved physiochemical properties which can be integrated into meat analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fast-evolving realm of communication technology, microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are in high demand owing to their compact size, lightweight, inexpensive, ease of integration, and compatibility with modern electronic devices. This research focuses on the synthesis of ZnAl2O4Ca (ZAC) ceramic nanoparticles using an economical sol–gel method suitable for microstrip patch antenna applications. The structural analysis study of ZAC nanoparticles confirmed the polycrystalline nature with 8.1 nm of crystallite size whereas an investigation of functional groups showed the corresponding vibration modes. Morphological investigation revealed the spherical grains having their mean diameter of 12.32 nm. The dielectric property’s examination, revealed the dielectric permittivity of 13, loss tangent of 0.02, and conductivity of 67 μΩ−1 cm−1. Furthermore, a prototype patch antenna fabricated using ZAC ceramics demonstrated a dual-band performance at frequencies 2.8 GHz and 4.8 GHz, with return losses of − 25.78 dB and − 28.5 dB, respectively. This work suggests the suitability of ZAC ceramic nanoparticles for use in WLAN applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altered and aberrant glycosylation signatures have been linked to being a hallmark in a variety of human disorders including cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), capable of self-renewal and differentiation, have recently been credited with a unique notion of disease genesis and implicated as the cause for initiation and recurrence of the disease in a new regime of neoplastic transformations hypothesis. Many biomarkers relating to diagnostic and prognostic intents have been discovered using the ubiquitous and abundant surface glycan patterns on CSCs. Various technological advancements have been developed to identify and determine concerns with glycosylation structure. However, the nature and purpose of the glycan moiety on these glycosylation pattern have not yet been thoroughly investigated. This review, thus, summarizes the process of glycosylation in CSCs, variations in glycosylation patterns in various stem cells, aberrant glycosylation patterns in cancer, the role of glycosylation in tumor cell adhesion, cell–matrix interactions, and signaling, as well as cancer detection and treatment. The function of carbohydrates as prospective serum biomarkers, some clinically authorized biomarkers, and potential novel biomarkers relating to cancer disease diagnosis and prognosis are also discussed in the review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential risk of bacteria‐induced prosthetic infection during implantation/post‐operative healing raises a serious concern about the success of implant/surgery. In this context, the present study successfully established the antibacterial efficacy of the electret form of Mg1‐xCaxSi1‐xZrxO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 [MCSZO‐X]) bioceramics, toward both, Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with reference to those of hydroxyapatite (HAP). MCSZO‐X bioceramics were synthesized using a solid‐state route. The influence of Ca‐ and Zr co‐doping on the crystallite size of MCSZO‐X has been analyzed using X‐ray peak profile analyses. The electrets were developed by corona poling of sintered MCSZO‐X samples at voltage and temperature of 20 kV and 500°C (30 min), respectively. The charge, stored on the surface of MCSZO‐X electret samples was calculated to be 0.253, 0.294, 0.320, 0.173, and 0.161 µC/cm2 via thermally stimulated depolarized current measurement. The positive and negative ends of MCSZO‐ X electrets exhibited a reduction in the viability of E. coli bacteria by (24%, 25%, 30%, 43%, and 42%) and (29%, 37%, 39%, 51%, and 48%), respectively, in comparison to those of HAP. On the contrary, the viability of S. aureus bacteria has decreased by (26%, 33%, 35%, 46%, and 42%) and (21%, 22%, 27%, 395, and 37%) on the surfaces of the positive and negative ends of MCSZO‐ X electrets, respectively, with the reference of those of HAP. The mechanism of electret‐induced antibacterial activity has been revealed via various assays, such as catalase activity, superoxide production (SOD), , protein estimation, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) assays. The positive ends of MCSZO‐X electrets demonstrate antibacterial efficacy by means of more reactive oxygen species generation as compared to their negative ends of electrets and uncharged surfaces of MCSZO‐X samples, as revealed by SOD, protein estimation, catalase activity, and LPO assays. However, the negative ends of electrets prevent the adhesion of bacterial cells via electrostatic repulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles were introduced to the market as a way to reduce dependency on internal combustion engine-driven transportation systems. However, this method increased the burden on the current electrical grid rather than reducing it. In the power grid, distributed generation ideas are presented to reduce this burden. In order to reduce the distribution systems' overall real power loss, this research demonstrates how hybrid optimization algorithms, including genetic algorithms and Monte Carlo simulation methodologies, can be used to determine the best location and size for various types of distributed generation with electric vehicle scheduling. The suggested approach's practicality was tested using a 16-bus distribution test system. At both static and ZIP load models, the more effective kinds of distributed generation with electric vehicle couples are DG2 with fuel cell electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermally active structures such as crude oil pipelines and high-power voltage cables are usually embedded within local soils for their substructural stability. Based on site requirements, soils are amended with synthetic cementitious materials to improve their strength. However, synthetic binders such as cementation, geo-polymerization, and bio-cementation undermine thermal insulation while improving strength. Moreover, commonly used synthetic binders such as cement and lime are extremely harmful to the geoenvironment due to their hyper-alkalinity and high carbon footprint. Therefore, this study proposes a novel backfill composite consisting of clay loam, biochar, and biopolymer for superior thermal insulation and strength characteristics. Local soil containing high clay content was chosen due to its low thermal conductivity and potential to form stable hydrogen bonding with the biopolymer. The clay loam is amended with 2.5% to 7.5% (w/w) biochar and 0.5% to 1.5% (w/w) of biopolymer and their various combinations. Out of nine soil–biochar–biopolymer composites devised in the current study, six composites exhibited superior strength and lowered thermal conductivity than the plain soil in both conditions, i.e., optimum moisture state and upon drying. The findings of this study establish the synergistic attributes of biopolymer and biochar amendment for developing a high-strength thermal-insulating soil composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a stacked-capacitor pixel circuit for flexible AMOLED (Active Matrix-Organic Light Emitting Diode) displays based on the a-IGZO (Amorphous-Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide) TFT (Thin Film Transistor). A calibrated HSPICE level-61 a-IGZO TFT model is used for CAD simulations. The proposed design compensates for VTH shifts in the TFT by employing a stacked capacitor configuration for threshold voltage detection. The simulated results show a percentage error in the OLED current of less than 0.04% for a maximum tensile and compressive strain of 0.3%. The circuit can suppress the error in OLED current to 1.83% for a VTH shift in the range of 0V to 2.1V, from the nominal 0.7V, with an input data voltage of 15V. Therefore, the proposed pixel circuit topology proves to be a highly reliable pixel architecture which can be effectively used in AMOLED displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common menstrual disorder associated with multiple risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. In addition, HMB is often present with irregular menstruation (IM) which is a risk factor for CVD outcomes. However, the relationship between HMB and CVD outcomes is unexplored in the presence or absence of IM. We determined the association of HMB with multiple CVD outcomes using a nationally representative sample of female hospitalizations in the US. Methods: All hospitalizations of females with HMB diagnosis and normal menstrual cycles from ages of 18 to 70 years were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample Database, 2017. The HMB was defined using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 for excessive and frequent menstruation bleeding and included any current or history of HMB diagnosis. Outcomes including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF) or arrhythmia, myocardial infarction (MI), and diabetes (DM) were defined using ICD-10 codes. Adjusted logistic regression and prosperity scores-matched logistic regression analyses were conducted to summarize adjusted associations with an odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Among 2,430,851 hospitalizations, HMB was observed in 7762 (0.68%) females with age ≤ 40 years and 11,164 (0.86%) females with age > 40 years. Among hospitalizations with age ≤ 40 years, HMB was significantly associated with increased odds of CVD outcomes including MACE (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.08), CHD (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.71), stroke (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.40), HF (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.03), and AF/arrhythmia (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.54). These associations were confirmed in multiple sensitivity analyses. In contrast, HMB was not robustly associated with CVD events among hospitalizations of women with age > 40 years. HMB without IM was strongly associated with DM, HF, AF, and MACE outcomes while HMB with IM was strongly associated with CHD and AF outcomes in hospitalizations of young women. Conclusions: HMB is associated with CVD events among US hospitalizations of young women. A routine investigation and screening of menstrual disorders, especially HMB, is useful for CVD risk stratification and management in young women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a technique for first‐order gradient‐based optimization of stochastic objective functions called Nesterov‐accelerated adaptive moment assessment, which makes use of dynamic evaluations of lower‐order moments. The adaptive moment assessment and the Nesterov acceleration gradient are combined. Consequently, it has perks, and this technique is convenient to use, numerically economical, memory‐light, and very well‐suited for challenges with massive amounts of information and characteristics. Additionally, we investigate the algorithm's convergence characteristics and propose a conservative constraint on the convergence rate. Finally, we employ this technique for the detection and classification of safety helmets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Material scientists have stepped up their search for efficient materials in low-cost, high-stability, nontoxic energy conversion devices. In this paper, emerging materials inspire us to study one of the perovskite chalcogens made from alkaline-earth metals (Barelium). Therefore, we determined some fundamental properties with some application-based properties, which explained their applicability in energy conversion device fabrication by first-principles calculation within the WIEN2K Code. Structure stability has been verified by Birch–Murnaghan fits and thermal stability at different temperatures and pressure ranges is explained by Gibbs function in thermodynamic properties. By using modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) potential, electronic and optical characteristics of these materials provide insight into their nature: they were revealed to be direct bandgap semiconductors with the calculated values of 1.77eV (1.25eV) for BaZrS3(BaZrSe3), respectively. Both materials exhibit transparency on low-energy striking photons and demonstrate absorption and optical conduction in the UV region.Both materials exhibit transparency on low-energy striking photons and demonstrate absorption and optical conduction in the UV region. In the thermoelectric parameter, the figure of merit (ZT) is unity at room temperature and decreases up to 0.98 with temperature increment which reveals that these materials will be helpful in thermoelectric devices. As per the application part, we carried out the calculation of the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) and found that efficiency increases from 6.5% to 27.1% (8.1% to 31.9%) for BaZrS3 (BaZrSe3), respectively. The film thickness increased from 100nm to 1μm at room temperature and then stabilized. This emerging study shows that these materials can be used as an alert substance in energy conversion device fabrications and the proposed outcomes are in good acceptance with the experimental and other theoretical data. As per the optical and thermoelectric parameters of these materials, we infer that both are promising candidates in energy conversion device fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe design of a mineral slurry transportation system is difficult because of the non-Newtonian nature of the flow at high slurry concentrations. The behavior of the slurry depends on many physio-chemical properties such as particle density, particle size distribution (PSD), particle shape, chemical composition, pH etc. This work presents a comparative study between three preferred methods of scale-up of the head loss in larger diameter pipelines, namely Bowen’s Method, rheological method and Wilson’s Method. The performance of each method is validated with the pipe loop test data in a 200 DN pipeline. A high concentration (>50% by weight) iron ore concentrate slurry was used for carrying out the above study. This work would be beneficial for engineers involved in the design and maintenance of the slurry pipelines with respect to the choice of the scale-up methods available for estimation of the head loss for a time independent, homogenous, non-Newtonian particulate slurry for both laminar and turbulent regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid halide perovskites are emerging as an encouraging option for the fabrication of solar systems. Ethyl-ammonium-based hybrid halide perovskites offer amazing qualities such as reduced bandgap, increased structure stability, and less toxicity. Properties like structural; electrical; optical; and thermoelectric of the material ethyl ammonium germanium chloride are calculated using density functional theory (DFT) simulation code WIEN2K and calculated the optimized structure; density of states; and band structure of EAGeCl3 using exchange-correlation potential KTB-mBJ, establishing it as a direct bandgap semiconductor. Several optical properties such as dielectric function; absorption coefficient; and refractive index over a photon energy spectrum over the range of 0 to 7 eV have also been calculated. In addition, transport coefficients also calculated dependent on concentration of charge carriers, the chemical potential, and temperature at which the material is operating. The findings emphasize the extraordinary properties of EAGeCl3, which has a high ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation, such as light, with a high efficiency, superior compound's ability to generate an electric potential in response to temperature, among additional benefits. These discoveries confirm its suitability as an affordable material for use in photovoltaic devices, contributing to the resolution of environmental concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media are increasingly used to obtain and disseminate information about environmental issues. Yet, environmental communication research has focused mainly on social media discussions pertaining to climate change, while overlooking public awareness and discourse regarding the other planetary boundaries (i.e., important and interlinked environmental issues other than climate change). Moreover, while discussions about climate change are often found to be polarising, it remains to be seen if this extends to other environmental issues. We used network analysis and topic modelling to analyse two million environment-related tweets and identified nine 'green communities' of users. Climate change was the most popular issue across all communities and other issues like biodiversity loss were discussed infrequently. The discourse was less polarised than previously assumed, was largely pro-environmental, and originated more from the Global North than the Global South. The relevance of our findings for policymakers and researchers in environmental communication is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report we present seven lines of bioinformatic evidence supporting the conclusion that the Pentameric Ligand-gated Ion Channel (pLIC) Family is a member of the Voltage-gated Ion Channel (VIC) Superfamily. In our approach, we used the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) as a reference and applied a series of bioinformatic methods to search for similarities between the pLIC family and members of the VIC superfamily. These include: (1) sequence similarity, (2) compatibility of topology and hydropathy profiles, (3) shared domains, (4) conserved motifs, (5) similarity of Hidden Markov Model profiles between families, (6) common 3D structural folds, and (7) clustering analysis of all families. Furthermore, sequence and structural comparisons as well as the identification of a 3-TMS repeat unit in the VIC superfamily suggests that the sixth transmembrane segment evolved into a re-entrant loop. This evidence suggests that the voltage-sensor domain and the channel domain have a common origin. The classification of the pLIC family within the VIC superfamily sheds light onto the topological origins of this family and its evolution, which will facilitate experimental verification and further research into this superfamily by the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menopause is characterized by various physical, mental and emotional symptoms. ERr 731® is a standardized extract from Rheum rhaponticum root and has been clinically studied for its role in reducing menopausal symptoms. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ERr 731® supplementation in alleviating the severity of menopausal symptoms. In this review, we searched across three online databases up to March 2023, evaluated the quality of the included studies by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale, and assessed the risk of bias by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We then performed a meta-analysis using RevMan software to estimate the pooled mean difference (MD). The study protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023416808). After screening and evaluation, we included four high-quality studies (a total of 390 participants; the ERr 731® group: 193 participants; the control group: 197 participants) in the meta-analysis. The results showed that ERr 731® supplementation significantly reduced the Menopause Rating Scale score (MD: –15.12; P < 0.001), compared with control therapy. Sensitivity analysis revealed no effect of individual studies on the overall pooled estimate or overall observed heterogeneity. The current review provides evidence that ERr 731® supplementation is effective in reducing menopause symptoms. Potential bias and high heterogeneity in the results warrant further clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquity of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from industrial activities poses a critical environmental threat due to its persistence, toxicity and mutagenic potential. Traditional physico-chemical methods for its removal often entail significant environmental drawbacks. Recent advancements in remediation strategies have emphasized nano and bioremediation techniques as promising avenues for cost-effective and efficient Cr(VI) mitigation. Bioremediation harnesses the capabilities of biological agents like microorganisms, and algae to mitigate heavy metal contamination, while nano-remediation employs nanoparticles for adsorption purposes. Various microorganisms, including E. coli, Byssochlamys sp., Pannonibacter phragmitetus, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Fusarium, and Chlorella utilize bioreduction, biotransformation, biosorption and bioaccumulation mechanisms to convert Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Their adaptability to different environments and integration with nanomaterials enhance microbial activity, offering eco-friendly solutions. The study provides a brief overview of metabolic pathways involved in Cr(VI) bioreduction facilitated by diverse microbial species. Nitroreductase and chromate reductase enzymes play key roles in nitrogen and chromium removal, with nitroreductase requiring nitrate and NADPH/NADH, while the chromium reductase pathway relies solely on NADPH/NADH. This review investigates the various anthropogenic activities contributing to Cr(VI) emissions and evaluates the efficacy of conventional, nano-remediation, and bioremediation approaches in curbing Cr(VI) concentrations. Additionally, it scrutinizes the mechanisms underlying nano-remediation techniques for a deeper understanding of the remediation process. It identifies research gaps and offers insights into future directions aimed at enhancing the real-time applicability of bioremediation methods for mitigating with Cr(VI) pollution and pave the way for sustainable remediation solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our pursuit of designing potent bioactive compounds, we synthesized six novel tellurium (IV) complexes through the condensation of 5‐methyl‐2‐thiophene carboxaldehyde and p‐nitroaniline. These compounds underwent rigorous investigation using various analytical techniques (TGA, SEM, EDAX, and powder XRD) and spectral analyses (NMR, mass spectrometry, UV–Vis, and FTIR). Spectroscopic analysis suggested an octahedral geometry for the complexes, revealing chelation through the thiophene sulfur and azomethine nitrogen atoms. Thermal analysis indicated a three‐step degradation process, ultimately leaving behind metal oxide as the end product. We conducted in‐vitro antimicrobial screening using the broth micro‐dilution method, highlighting the significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of complexes 3c and 3d, as well as the potent antimicrobial activity of 3b and 3f against various bacterial strains, including Candida albicans. To further substantiate our findings, we performed advanced computational analyses, including molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling, DFT, MESP, and ADMET studies. Molecular docking validated our antimicrobial results, whereas pharmacophore models enhanced our understanding of molecular interactions with proteins, potentially identifying novel bioactive compounds. Furthermore, DFT and MESP investigations underscored the superior biological efficacy of tellurium (IV) complexes over thiophene‐derived ligands, emphasizing their potential as therapeutic agents. ADMET analysis revealed their favorable profile as precursors for drug development with minimal adverse effects. In summary, our research seamlessly integrates experimental and theoretical aspects, offering innovative insights into drug design and potential applications in pharmaceuticals. This study represents a significant milestone, paving the way for future advancements in the field of pharmaceutical science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change affects the established crop production practices by altering rainfall, temperature, and solar radiation—leading to reduced resource use and economic efficiencies. Pertaining to this, we analysed the optimum fertiliser-Nitrogen (N) recommendation of rice and wheat crops for Kharagpur station, West Bengal, India under projected climate change conditions by using six mathematical models, namely, quadratic, square root, linear plateau, quadratic plateau, square root plateau, and the Mitscherlich model. Models were parameterised using field experiment observations at Kharagpur and tested for historical crop yield. The historical (1976–2005) and future (2006–2100) yield responses of rice and wheat to the different N doses are simulated by using a calibrated and validated process-based crop simulation model—Crop Environment and Resource Synthesis (CERES). Eight bias-corrected Global Climate Model (GCM) outputs for the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5) were used to simulate the yield of both crops for the period of 1976 to 2100. Results revealed that the quadratic plateau model represents crop yield response to fertiliser-N application better than other mathematical models. The estimated optimum N dose (OND) increased from an average historical 121 kg N/ha to 138, 143, and 146 kg N/ha for rice, and from an average historical 98 kg N/ha to 119, 124, and 127 kg N/ha for wheat in three future times, respectively, 2006–2035, 2036–2065, and 2066–2095 under all RCPs scenarios. On the other hand, the yield of both crops is expected to decrease in the future due to an increase in N losses, leading to reduced N use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pharmacogenomics plays an important role in drug metabolism. A stable anticoagulation is important for primary and secondary prevention of cardioembolic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). We report the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9*2/*3) and vitamin K epoxide reductase subunit 1 (VKORC1) genotypes and acquired causes in maintaining stability of anticoagulation following acenocoumarin in cardioembolic stroke and CVST. Methods: The study comprised 157 individuals with cardioembolic stroke and CVST who were on acenocoumarin. Their comorbidities, comedication, and dietary habits were noted. Prothrombin time and international normalized ratio (INR) were measured during follow-up, and the coagulation status was categorized as stable (>50% occasions in therapeutic range) and unstable (>50% below and above therapeutic range). Genotyping of VKORC1, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C9*3 was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Bleeding and embolic complications were noted. The predictors of unstable INR were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Results: INR was stable in 47.8% and unstable in 52.2% of patients. Patients with mutant genotypes required low dose of acenocoumarin. The predictors of unstable INR were metallic valve (odds ratio [OR] 4.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-13.49, P = 0.02), use of digoxin (OR 0.031, 95% CI 0.13-0.74, P = 0.09), proton pump inhibitor (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06-0.91, P = 0.037), sodium valproate (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.85, P = 0.029), and CYP2C9*2 genotype (OR 5.57, 95% CI 1.19-26.06, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Variant genotypes of VKORC1, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C9*3 required lower dose of acenocoumarin, and CYP2C9*2 was associated with unstable INR. Comedication is a modifiable risk factor that needs attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent focus in the fields of biology and ecology has centered on the significant attention given to the mathematical modeling and analyzing the spatiotemporal population distribution among species engaged in interactions. This paper explores the dynamics of the temporal and spatiotemporal delayed Bazykin-type prey–predator model, incorporating fear and its carryover effect. In our model, we incorporated a functional response of the Holling-type II. In the temporal model, a detailed dynamic analysis was carried out, investigating the positivity and boundedness of solutions, establishing the uniqueness and existence of positive interior equilibria, and examining both local and global stability. Additionally, we explored the presence of saddle-node, transcritical, and Hopf bifurcations varying attack rate parameter. The delayed system shows highly periodic behavior. Additionally, for the spatiotemporal model, we provide a complete analysis of local and global stability, and we derive the conditions for the existence of Turing instability for both self-diffusion and cross-diffusion, respectively. The two-dimensional diffusive model is further discussed, highlighting various Turing patterns, including holes, stripes, and hot and cold spots, along with their biological significance. Numerical simulations are executed to validate the analytical findings in both temporal and spatiotemporal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Somatic Inkblot Test- online version (SIT) was taken by a 32-Year-old married male, working as an executive in the private sector, living in an urban Indian joint family. He complains about insomnia, excessive worrying, having sad mood, irritability, decreased interest in work, and decreased sexual appetite. The SIT images helped in understanding psychopathology of the symptoms and brought on the surface many unpleasant memories such as bullying in the school, conflicting relationship with father and dissatisfied intimate relationship. He felt much relieved after the discussion with the therapist. A few sessions of psychotherapy helped with positive results. His responses projected on the Somatic Inkblot Test have been analyzed using content analysis and psychoanalytic interpretation and discussed in this case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI), a member of the lipophilic family of fatty acid-binding proteins, plays an important role in the development, regulation, and differentiation of the mammary gland. The aim of the study was to identify polymorphism in the MDGI gene and its expression analysis in the mammary gland at various stages of lactation, in Indian buffalo. Nucleotide sequence analysis of MDGI gene in different breeds of riverine and swamp buffaloes revealed a total of 16 polymorphic sites and one Indel. Different transcription factor binding sites were predicted for buffalo MDGI gene promoter sequence, using online tools and in-silico analysis indicating that the SNPs in this region can impact the gene expression regulation. Phylogenetic analysis exhibited the MDGI of buffalo being closer to other ruminants like cattle, yak, sheep, and goats. Further, the expression analysis revealed that buffalo MDGI being highly expressed in well-developed mammary glands of lactating buffalo as compared to involution/non-lactating and before functional development to start the milk production stage in heifers. Stage-specific variation in expression levels signifies the important functional role of the MDGI gene in mammary gland development and milk production in buffalo, an important dairy species in Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a thorough assessment and classification of different uncertain environments used by researchers to analyze inventory management(IM) systems across various sectors, such as ABC analysis, Last In, First Out (LIFO), and batch tracking. Moreover, it introduces the concepts of the neutrosophic principle and fuzzy principle in inventory management. it also investigates the difficulties associated with the traditional inventory model. The primary focus of the study lies in inventory management under the Neutrosophic principle, specifically addressing uncertain demand and imprecise data. By shedding light on the potential of neutrosophic principle, this manuscript contributes valuable insights into overcoming the challenges posed by fuzzy models and enhancing decision-making in the realm of inventory control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented challenge for humanity, causing widespread disruptions to daily life and economies worldwide. However, amidst the challenges, it has also presented an opportunity to reflect on our competencies, capabilities, and objectives. One area that has gained significant attention during this time is the humanitarian supply chain management theories, which offered significant directions to the scholars engaged in operations and supply chain management, practitioners and policymakers. To further advance the theoretical boundaries of the humanitarian supply chain and expand the scope and boundaries of the discipline, a special issue has been organised. This issue includes 24 carefully selected articles that have gone through multiple rounds of review. The articles are all centred on the humanitarian crisis resulting from COVID-19 and offer a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by various stakeholders. Additionally, one relevant article from a previous issue has been included, which explores the potential use of drones in disaster relief operations. The articles included in this special issue have significant implications for theory, practice, and policy, providing valuable insights and direction for further research to expand the scope of the discipline. This particular issue is a crucial contribution to humanitarian supply chain management. It provides a deeper understanding of the complex challenges faced during a crisis and the best practices to overcome them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]