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BACKGROUND. There is enough evidence of the negative impact of excess weight on the formation and progression of res piratory pathology. Given the continuing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is relevant to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the clinical features of the novel coronavirus infection (NCI).AIM. To study the effect of BMI on the course of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection and the post-covid period.MATERIALS AND METHODS. AKTIV and AKTIV 2 are multicenter non-interventional real-world registers. The АКТИВ registry (n=6396) includes non-overlapping outpatient and inpatient arms with 6 visits in each. The АКТИВ 2 registry (n=2968) collected the data of hospitalized patients and included 3 visits. All subjects were divided into 3 groups: not overweight (n=2139), overweight (n=2931) and obese (n=2666).RESULTS. A higher BMI was significantly associated with a more severe course of the infection in the form of acute kidney injury (p=0.018), cytokine storm (pCONCLUSION. Overweight and/or obesity is a significant risk factor for severe course of the new coronavirus infection and the associated cardiovascular and kidney damage Overweight people and patients with the 1st and 2nd degree obesity tend to have a high risk of death of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both acute and post-covid periods. On top of that, in case of morbid obesity patients this tendency is statistically significant. Normalization of body weight is a strategic objective of modern medicine and can contribute to prevention of respiratory conditions, severe course and complications of the new coronavirus infection.

Objective. To assess the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region and its relationship with hyperuricemia (HU) and other cardiovascular risk factors. Design and methods. We examined 2501 people aged 35–74 in the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region, selected by the stratified multi-stage random sample. All respondents underwent a laboratory study of the following parameters: total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose, creatinine, uric acid, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and fibrinogen. We also calculated body mass index (BMI), visceral obesity index with Amato formula and glomerular filtration rate with CKD-EPI formula. Binary logistic regression method was used to construct a predictive model for the risk of HTN. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software (USA). Results. HU was identified in 29,3 % of respondents with HTN. The mean uric acid level in this group was 345,1 [285,6; 410,55] µmol/l and significantly differed from the same indicator in residents without HTN — 297,5 [249,9; 351,1] µmol/L (p 2 (OR 1,634, 95 % CI 1,262–2,117, p Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the widespread prevalence of HU in residents of the Nizhny Novgorod region with HTN: almost every third (29,3 %) had this disorder. In a multiple logistic regression model, HU was found to be highly correlated with HTN (OR 1,709, 95 % CI 1,341–2,177, p

According to foreign publications, 58% of patients with gender disorders had additional psychiatric diagnosis, 39.3% had at least one suicide attempt. The data of suicidal activity and mental comorbidity in Russian population of transgenders are absent.Purpose of the study is to assess suicidal activity and mental comorbidity in persons with gender disorders.The retrospective analysis of records of patients applied with complains on gender disorders from January 2014 to April 2021 was applied. The demographic characteristics, life anamnesis, comorbid mental pathology at time of appliance, frequency of suicidal attempts, suicidal thoughts and auto-aggressive behavior were examined. The data of 926 patients with gender disorders were included: FtM 515 (55.7%), MtF 411 (44.3%). The median age of patients applied for care appliance was 24 years (13-65 years). In group of transgender patients 75.2% had no mental illness, except gender disorders. At that, there was high prevalence of comorbid mental pathology (24.8% on average). Usually, it was background mental illnesses and reversible mental disorders, which were not causes of gender disorders. The suicide rate in transgender group was 12.5%. For 1 patient with suicidal experience, there were 1.3 suicidal attempts (from 1 to 5). The significant dependence of increased suicidal activity, depression, auto-aggressive behavior and rate of comorbid mental pathology on age of debut of gender disorders was established. The transgender patients with debut of gender dysphoria in puberty age are most vulnerable to development of any mental pathology. The suicidal activity of patients with gender disorders depends on both social causes and presence of comorbid mental pathology. A number of modifiable risk factors for suicidal behavior were identified: support of relatives, external correspondence to associated gender, early steps to "change gender", earlier apply for medical care, background compensated mental illnesses.По данным зарубежных авторов, 58% пациентов с гендерными нарушениями имели дополнительный психиатрический диагноз, 39,3% пациентов - как минимум одну попытку суицида. Данные о суицидальной активности и психической коморбидности в российской популяции трансгендерных лиц отсутствуют.Цель исследования - оценка суицидальной активности и психической коморбидности у лиц с гендерными нарушениями.Проведен ретроспективный анализ карт пациентов, обратившихся с жалобами на гендерные нарушения с января 2014 г. по апрель 2021 г. Изучены: демографические характеристики, анамнез жизни, коморбидная психическая патология на момент обращения и в анамнезе, частота суицидальных попыток, суицидальных мыслей и аутоагрессивного поведения. Были включены данные 926 пациентов с жалобами на гендерные нарушения: FtM - 515 (55,7%), MtF - 411 (44,3%). Медиана возраста обратившихся составила 24 года (от 13 до 65 лет).В группе трансгендерных пациентов у 75,2% отсутствуют какие-либо психические заболевания, кроме гендерных нарушений. При этом наблюдалась высокая распространенность коморбидной психической патологии (в среднем 24,8%). Как правило, это были фоновые психические заболевания и обратимые психические расстройства, не являющиеся причиной гендерных нарушений. Частота суицидов в группе трансгендерных лиц составила 12,5%. На одного пациента с суицидальным опытом приходится 1,3 суицидальной попытки (от 1 до 5). Получена четкая зависимость роста суицидальной активности, депрессии, аутоагрессивного поведения, коморбидной психической патологии от возраста дебюта гендерного нарушения. Трансгендерные пациенты с дебютом гендерной дисфории в пубертатном возрасте максимально уязвимы в отношении развития любой психической патологии. Суицидальная активность у пациентов зависит как от социальных причин, так и от наличия коморбидной психической патологии. Выделен ряд модифицируемых факторов риска суицидального поведения: поддержка близких, внешнее соответствие ассоциируемому гендеру, ранние шаги по «смене пола», раннее обращение за медицинской помощью, компенсированные фоновые психические заболевания.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the demand for feminizing and masculinizing hormone therapy has increased significantly among transgender people around the world. There are no such studies in Russia and the amount of medical information on the transgender population is limited.AIM: to assess the number of transgender patients who take hormone therapy without a doctor’s prescription and to characterize the medicines they use.MATERIALS AND METHODS: data from 1117 transgender patients were included in to analysis: 44.01% (n=515) of them were trans women, 55.99% (n=630) were trans men. Patients applied to the “Scientific Center for Personalized Medicine” in order to receive medical care.RESULTS: Half of transgender people (53.6%) are already taking hormonal drugs. More often transgender women (76.7%), less often transgender men (32.3%). In this case, only 8.6% turned to endocrinologists for the therapy prescription. Many patients used unlicensed drugs, use irrational schemes and combinations, often overdose.CONCLUSION: A significant number of transgender people start using hormone replacement therapy on their own initiative, without the doctor’s supervision. The solution to this problem could be incensement of knowledge level in doctors and patients to create a friendly environment and productive interaction between therapists, endocrinologists and transgender people, as well as the organization of consulting centers within public medical institutions.

Introduction. Currently, one of the directions in medicine is the study of the issue of the quality of life of patients. This indicator is a complex characteristic in terms of the physical and psychological component of health. The state of health is influenced by many factors and one of them is the peculiarities of the climatogeographic region where a person lives. The conditions of the Far North are characterized by extreme climatic and industrial conditions. In such areas, a rotational method is used, which assumes distance from the permanent place of residence. Thus, the influence of the climatic conditions of the Far North on the quality of life of respondents working on a rotational basis determines the relevance of this study, which was carried out in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — UGRA (KhMAO — Ugra).The aim of the research was to study the quality of life of respondents working on a rotational basis in the Far North.Materials and methods. Only men took part in this study — 207 people working in the conditions of the Far North (KhMAO — Ugra) on a rotational basis. All respondents were divided into four age groups: group 1 — 24–28 years old (n=36); group 2 — 29–34 years old (n=63); group 3 — 35–38 years old (n=78); group 4 — 39–45 years old (n=30). The duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 3 months. A simple survey of all respondents was used to obtain information. In order to study the quality of life (QL) of those working in the Far North on a rotational basis, the MOS SF-36 questionnaire was used. Statistical analysis was performed using the STATGRAPHICS 12 Plus for Windows software in accordance with the general principles of QOL research in medicine.Results. With a long stay in the Far North, a restructuring of the adaptive mechanisms is noted, which goesthrough several stages: initially, minor physiological changes are noted that do not lead to serious changes in the body systems. The second stage is characterized by stable working capacity, but already there is a decrease in health indicators on all scales of the SF-36 questionnaire. The third stage or period of uncompensated fatigue is characterized by a significant decrease in psychological and physical indicators. Conclusion. Unfavorable from the point of view of the medico-biological aspect in the work on a rotational basis in the Far North is the coincidence of the period of work with the phase of the greatest adaptation falling on the first month of stay in the North.

Aim. To analyze newly diagnosed diseases and features of the post-COVID course in patients after a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) within 12-month follow-up.Material and methods. A total of 9364 consecutively hospitalized patients were included in the ACTIV registry. Enrollment of patients began on June 29, 2020, and was completed on March 30, 2021, corresponding to the first and second waves of the pandemic. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, computed tomography (CT) results, information about inhospital clinical course and complications of COVID-19 during hospitalization were extracted from electronic health records using a standardized data collection form. The design included follow-up telephone interviews with a standard questionnaire at 3, 6, and 12 months to examine the course of post-COVID period.Results. According to the ACTIV registry, 18,1% of patients after COVID-19 had newly diagnosed diseases (NDDs) over the next 12 months. Hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) prevailed in the NDD structure. Comparison of the age-standardized incidence of NDDs (HTN, CAD, diabetes) in the post-COVID period in the ACTIV registry with NDD incidence in 2019 according to Rosstat and the expected incidence of NDDs according to the EPOHA study revealed that HTN, diabetes, CAD in patients after COVID-19 were registered more often as follows: HTN by 7,0 and 4,4 times, diabetes by 7,3 and 8,8 times, CAD by 2,3 and 2,9 times, respectively. NDDs most often developed in patients aged 47 to 70 years. Comparison of the actual and expected number of cases of newly diagnosed HTN, CAD and diabetes depending on age showed that the actual number of cases in the population of patients in the ACTIV register is significantly higher than expected for patients aged 45-69 years and for patients with hypertension or diabetes and aged Conclusion. Available evidence suggests that a strategy for managing COVID-19 survivors should include mandatory screening for early detection of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which will be key to reducing the risk of further COVID-19 consequences.

This article considers the issue of personality. The article analyzes the ways of personality formation. It also examines the issue of obstacles that may be encountered on the path of personality formation.

Background. Due to the demand for special rehabilitation programs for patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (VFs), it is of interest to study the functional abilities of those patients. The scientific hypothesis suggests that osteoporotic VFs would cause muscle weakness, muscle dysfunction and conditional (basic motor) disturbances. Objective: to estimate muscle strength, motor function and coordination disorders in patients with VFs in the setting of systemic osteoporosis as a basis for rehabilitation programs developing. Methods. 120 patients aged 43−80 with primary osteoporosis were enrolled. Study group comprised of 60 subjects (56 women, 4 men) with at least 1 VF confirmed by X-ray. Control group included 60 subjects (56 women, 4 men) with osteoporosis but without any osteoporotic fracture. The examination program consist of back muscles tenzodynamometry, balance tests and stabilometry. Results . Muscle strength deficiency was estimated in study group in trunk flexors (TF) — 40.9% and in trunk extensors (TE) — 18.1% with an adequate function of the left lateral flexors (LLF) and in right lateral flexors (RLF). Patients with VFs had the lower muscle strength vs controls of TE (15.64 ± 9.8 vs 27.73 ± 9.9 kg, p = 0.00002), TF (14.61 ± 8.98 vs 21.28 ± 8.38 kg, p = 0.0006), LLF (13.10 ± 7.2 vs 24.06 ± 8.9 kg, p = 0.005) and RLF 13.44 ± 7.43 vs 24.26 ± 7.65 kg, p = 0.0003). Patients with VFs lose their balance faster during one-leg-standing test with open eyes (5.0 [1.0; 10.0] vs 7.5 [5.0; 10 . 5] sec in control group, p = 0.03) and with closed eyes (2.0 [0; 3.0 ] vs 3.5 [3.0; 5.0] sec, p = 0.04). Fukuda-Unterberger test showed greater side dislocation in study group — 40o [25; 45] vs controls 30o [10; 45], (p = 0.02). According to stabilometry study group was characterized vs control group by lower balance coefficient with open eyes (77.2 ± 7.6 vs 85.7 ± 9.4%, p = 0.002) and with closed eyes (67.1 ± 9.8 vs 73.4 ± 9.9%, p = 0.03) , greater sagittal displacement (6.8 [2.1; 37.7] vs 4.8 [1.8; 10.7] mm, p = 0.025) and deviation in the saggital plane (1.2 [-1.07; 1.5] vs -1.2 [-1.5; 1.2] mm, p = 0.01), and also less pressure center velocity (9.51 ± 4.4 vs 7.1 ± 2.7 mm/sec, р = 0.009). Conclusions. VFs in osteoporotic patients are associated with reduction of trunk muscles strength and negatively affect static and dynamic balance function. The obtained data should be taken into account when developing rehabilitation programs for patients with osteoporosis who have suffered compression VFs.

The purpose is to study the effect of ambient temperature in the Far North on meteosensitive patients with various degrees and clinical variants of arterial hypertension. Material and methods. 250 people took part in the study — 142 men (56,8%) and 108 women (43,2%), permanently residing in the territory of KhMAO-UGRA. All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of Grade 1-3 arterial hypertension (AH). The average age is not younger than 18 and not older than 75 years. The average duration of hypertension was 15,7 (0,5) years (p = 0,9). Also, the duration of observation of all patients was taken into account according to control charts (CC). The sample ranged from 6 months to 3 years. The assessment of the meteorological conditions influence was carried out using test indices: A. Grigoriev’s test-index, D. Rudder’s kerosotropic test-index, and I. Kerdo’s vegetative test-index. The indicators of life quality were assessed using the MOS SF-36 questionnaire. Results. The development of meteotropic reactions, including arterial pressure slip effect (APSE), in meteosensitive patients was 2 times more often observed in women with AH 2 and 3 degrees, on the days of the passage of cyclones and anticyclones. Conclusion. The ambient temperature is a predictor of meteotropic reactions in meteosensitive patients with hypertension permanently living in the Far North. The CC method allows identifying the periods of APSE and developing a predictive model.

Introduction. In recent years, in occupational pathology, much attention is paid to professionally caused diseases, a special place among which is occupied by cardiovascular pathology. Vascular wall stiff ness is considered as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. This makes it important to study the mechanism of development of arterial stiffness, a key component of which is inflammation.The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between immune parameters and vascular wall stiff ness according to volumetric sphygmography in workers exposed to industrial aerosols.Materials and methods. A survey was conducted of 55 men working in conditions of exposure to industrial aerosols, and 32 men who do not have professional contact with industrial pollutants. Serum concentrations of class A and G immunoglobulins, cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α, and C-reactive protein were determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Assessment of elastic properties of the vascular wall was carried out by volumetric sphygmography.Results. Increased production of anti-inflammatory interleukin–8, immunoglobulin G and C-reactive protein, as well as increased cardiovascular and ankle vascular index on the right and left in the group working under the influence of industrial aerosols was found. Median concentrations of immunoglobulins, interleukins and C-reactive protein were independent of changes in the value of the cardiovascular ankle vascular index. Increased rigidity of the vascular wall was accompanied by an increase in the production of tumor necrosis factor α. Thus, in the group of persons with increased stiff ness, the level of this cytokine was 3 times higher than in the group of persons with normal values of the cardiovascular-ankle vascular index. The relationship between the cardiovascular ankle vascular index and the concentration of tumor necrosis factor α (r=0.61; p=0.009), C-reactive protein (r=0.54; p=0.02) and feedback with the level of anti-infl ammatory interleukin–10 (r=0.36; p=0.04) was revealed.Conclusions. The established significant correlations between cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin–10), C-reactive protein and individual indicators of volumetric sphygmography (cardio-ankle vascular index) indicate the pathogenetic role of cytokines and acute phase proteins in the violation of elastic properties of the vascular bed in workers under the influence of industrial aerosols.

The publications analysis confirms necessity of studying both status of cognitive capacities of researchers and factors associated with cognitive aging.To assess cognitive functions and quality of life of researchers of state institutions.The single-stage section of state institutions was applied to arrange sampling of 53 researchers (28 females and 25 males) aged from 22 to 73 years. The respondents filled questionnaires "Cognitive screening", "Age is not a drawback", "Depression Geriatric Scale", "Russian validated version of QOL questionnaire SF-36".As in general population, among researchers certain decrease in quality of life with age was established. The respondents aged from 50 to 59 years demonstrated lower indices on scales of physical functioning (p = 0.04), body pain (p = 0.03) and role functioning due to physical condition (p = 0.006). At that, indices of vital activity and social functioning tended to improvement with age. The cognitive impairments were absent in 96.23% of researchers aged from 22 to 73 years and they were present in 1.89% of respondents. In 47.17% of respondents aged from 22 to 67 years, no senile asthenia syndrome was observed. The preasthenia was registered in 39.62% of respondents aged from 24 to 69 years. The syndrome of senile asthenia was established in 11.32% of respondents aged 25-73 years. The depression was absent in 83.02% of respondents aged from 22 to 69 years and it was probably present in 7.55% of respondents aged from 25 to 33 and 49 years.According to data of complex screening self-testing, it is established that current state of researchers is characterized by availability of complex of problems related to health disorders, decreased cognitive functions, development of premature aging syndrome and presence of significant number of risk factors of health disorders due to high frequency and combination of these factors. The relationship between cognitive functions and quality of life of researchers is established, in particular, according to scales "Physical functioning", "General health", "Vitality", "Social functioning", "Mental health".

Aim To study the effect of regular drug therapy for cardiovascular and other diseases preceding the COVID-19 infection on severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on data of the ACTIVE (Analysis of dynamics of Comorbidities in paTIents who surVived SARS-CoV-2 infEction) registry.Material and methods The ACTIVE registry was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The registry includes 5 808 male and female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in a hospital or at home with a due protection of patients’ privacy (data of nasal and throat smears; antibody titer; typical CT imaging features). The register territory included 7 countries: the Russian Federation, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Moldova, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The registry design: a closed, multicenter registry with two nonoverlapping arms (outpatient arm and in-patient arm). The registry scheduled 6 visits, 3 in-person visits during the acute period and 3 virtual visits (telephone calls) at 3, 6, and 12 mos. Patient enrollment started on June 29, 2020 and was completed on October 29, 2020. The registry completion is scheduled for October 29, 2022. The registry ID: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04492384. In this fragment of the study of registry data, the work group analyzed the effect of therapy for comorbidities at baseline on severity and outcomes of the novel coronavirus infection. The study population included only the patients who took their medicines on a regular basis while the comparison population consisted of noncompliant patients (irregular drug intake or not taking drugs at all despite indications for the treatment).ResultsThe analysis of the ACTIVE registry database included 5808 patients. The vast majority of patients with COVID-19 had comorbidities with prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Medicines used for the treatment of COVID-19 comorbidities influenced the course of the infectious disease in different ways. A lower risk of fatal outcome was associated with the statin treatment in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD); with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor antagonists and with beta-blockers in patients with IHD, arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure (CHF), and atrial fibrillation; with oral anticoagulants (OAC), primarily direct OAC, clopidogrel/prasugrel/ticagrelor in patients with IHD; with oral antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); and with long-acting insulins in patients with type 1 DM. A higher risk of fatal outcome was associated with the spironolactone treatment in patients with CHF and with inhaled corticosteroids (iCS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Conclusion In the epoch of COVID-19 pandemic, a lower risk of severe course of the coronavirus infection was observed for patients with chronic noninfectious comorbidities highly compliant with the base treatment of the comorbidity.

Post-COVID disorders syndrome (PCDS) is an umbrella term for a complex of persistent symptoms that a patient can develop after suffering from COVID-19. The aim of the research was to systematize data on the role of micronutrients in the treatment of PCDS. Material and methods. The authors carried out a systematic analysis of foreign (ncbi. nlm.nih.gov) and Russian (elibrary.ru) scientific publications. Results. The most common symptoms that can persist for a long time after a coronavirus infection can be divided into 4 groups: 1) hypoxic syndrome (respiratory and oxygen deficiency); 2) asthenic syndrome; 3) syndrome of neuropsychiatric disorders; 4) gastrointestinal symptoms. Adequate dietary intake of vitamins and mineral substances is critical for the proper functioning of the immune system and maintenance of the organism functional reserves. The optimal consumption of vitamins D, C and E, zinc and ω-3 fatty acids with ration can be useful for preventing infection, supporting immunity during COVID-19 disease and in the complex of rehabilitation of patients with PCDS. Conclusion. Intake of dietary supplements containing complex of micronutrients can be recommended as a rational adjuvant therapy during the rehabilitation period after COVID-19. However, further research is essential to determine the effective dosage of vitamins and other micronutrients to reduce the manifestations of PCDS.

Elimination of vitamin D and calcium deficiencies is of particular importance in older patients undergoing medical rehabilitation after a serious illness, surgery or injury and having a high risk of fractures. Preventing falls and fractures, including during the course of rehabilitation, is an important challenge that can be addressed in these patients, in particular through improved nutrition and vitamin D and calcium supplementation.

Orphan (rare) diseases include congenital or acquired diseases, the frequency of occurrence of which does not exceed a certain number established by the laws of various countries. Despite its rarity, the orphan diseases make a significant contribution to the structure of population disability and most of them have no specific treatment. One of the main clinical challenges in these patients is to ensure their high quality of life (QOL). The review describes basic non-specific and specific questionnaires for assessing QOL in children with orphan diseases. An ideal questionnaire for assessing QOL in children with orphan disease should be sufficiently reliable, valid, sensitive and specific, fill out by a child or adolescents on their own, include questions covering as much as possible all areas of life and health aspects - especially those associated with the main decease. The questionnaire should not be too huge and complicated for the patient. From the side of the researcher, the simplicity of the tool in calculating and the ability to use the results for subsequent analysis are important.

The state of water in hydrogels of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and bentonite was studied by low-temperature PMR spectroscopy. Polymer macromolecules interacted actively with the bentonite. The thermodynamic parameters of layers of strongly and weakly bound water and the interphase energy of water in the hydrogels were determined.

Obtained are gel (from sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonite and water) and dispersed (from fumed silica, graphite and water) water-contained composites, which include up to 90% of water. Quality of water in composites meets the requirements for drinking water and is determined by the technology of their production. It is shown that water-retaining capacity of water-containing composites depends on the composition and structural-mechanical characteristics.

It was shown that rheological properties of hydrogels (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonite, water) and the structure of dispersed water-containing composites (hydrophobic fumed silica, graphite, water) are determined by self-assembly processes taking place in the system due to supramolecular interactions between components.

Disperse water-containing composites based on hydrophobic materials and containing up to 90 percent by weight (wt %) of water have been obtained. It is shown that the water-retaining capacity of these composites can be controlled by introducing hydrophobic graphite into their composition.

The paper has investigated structural mechanical properties of hydrogels from Na-carboxylmethyl cellulse and bentonite by the rheological method and showed that they depend on their composition. Hydrogels accumulate about 95% of water. Treatment of the surface of hydrogel by hydrophilic or hydrophobic aerosil slows down water loss in drying and destruction in the water medium.

A mathematical model was developed for conjugate heat transfer in a heterogeneous system “solid body − gas-liquid medium” with account for vapor generation at the surface of hot metal cylinder with cooling by a longitudinal water flow. Results are presented for numerical parametric calculations for influence of thermophysical and hydrodynamic characteristics on the pattern of vapor generation at the cooled cylinder surface.

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (VF) have a negative impact on quality of life within a year after injury. A recent-onset vertebral body compression fracture in the presence of osteoporosis (OP) is generally accompanied by acute back pain, hypokinesia, and a reduction in daily physical and social activities, further leading to social isolation. Rehabilitation measures are of particular importance to restore quality of life in OP patients, especially in the people who have a history of fractures. Exercise therapy is the mainstay of management in patients with OP and VF; however, pain and limited mobility can be a barrier to exercises. Competent bracing is a method that can assist in reducing pain in VF, stabilizing the spine, and increasing motor activity. The use of an orthosis not only improves quality of life, but also gives an opportunity to take physical exercises. Semi-rigid and elastic corsets are preferable to rigid structures that are less convenient to use and associated with a large number of undesirable phenomena. Wearing a brace continuously (with its obligatory taking off overnight) is rational for 6-8 weeks. Above this period, there is an increased risk of muscle atrophy. It is acceptable to longer use orthoses situationally, if there is a need to be in an upright position, during long walks, trips, or physical exercises.Остеопоротические переломы позвонков (ПП) оказывают негативное влияние на качество жизни в течение года после травмы. Недавно возникший компрессионный перелом тела позвонка на фоне остеопороза (ОП), как правило, сопровождается острой болью в спине, ограничением двигательной функции, снижением повседневной активности, как физической, так и социальной, с последующей социальной изоляцией. Реабилитационные мероприятия имеют особое значение для восстановления качества жизни пациентов с ОП, особенно тех лиц, у кого в анамнезе уже были переломы. Лечебная физкультура - это основа ведения пациентов с ОП и ПП, однако боль и ограничение подвижности могут быть препятствием для выполнения физических упражнений. Грамотное ортезирование - это метод, способствующий уменьшению боли на фоне ПП, стабилизации позвоночника, увеличению двигательной активности. Применение ортеза не только повышает качество жизни, но и дает возможность заниматься физической нагрузкой. Полужесткие и эластичные корсеты предпочтительнее жестких конструкций - менее удобных в использовании и ассоциированных с большим количеством нежелательных явлений. Постоянное ношение ортеза (с обязательным освобождением в ночное время) рационально в течение 6-8 нед. Сверх этого срока риск развития атрофии в мышцах туловища повышается. Допустимо более длительное использование ортезов 'ситуационно' - при необходимости длительное время пребывать в вертикальном положении, долгих прогулках, в дороге, при выполнении физической нагрузки.

Представлена потребность общества и состояние локальных блочно-модульных очистных сооружений, обеспечивающих выполнение действующих технологических и экологических норм. В настоящее время имеются конструктивные решения станций и модулей очистки воды для систем водоснабжения, но отсутствуют математическое описание и графическое представление параметров обезвоживания осадка неоднородного состава. На основе математического моделирования проведены параметрические исследования процесса наполнения мешка установки для реагентно-механического обезвоживания осадков сточных вод. Приведена математическая модель процесса, состоящая из системы дифференциального уравнения, рассчитывающего скорость отложения осадка в накопительном фильтрационном мешке и алгебраических соотношений, определяющих расчетные величины. Установлены закономерности заполнения фильтрационных мешков осадками сточных вод при постоянном и произвольно изменяющемся объемном расходе. Предложенный численный алгоритм позволяет производить параметрические исследования заполнения фильтрационного мешка в зависимости от значений плотности стоков, объемной доли примесей в смеси стоков, объемного расхода стоков по времени процесса фильтрации, тем самым иметь возможность прогнозировать рациональный эксплуатационный режим работы, оценку производительности, инвестиционные затраты, экономичность эксплуатации очистной установки, всего комплекса очистных сооружений в целом.

The article reveals the topic of the place and role of the Vkontakte social network in the organization of the educational process, the relevance of which was confirmed during the Covid-19 pandemic. The object of the research is digital education at Russian universities. The subject of the research is the VKontakte social network as a means of organizing the educational process. The authors share the experience of using social networks, accumulated in the process of teaching social disciplines at the Timiryazev Academy. The data proving the popularity of this network among students in Russia are presented. The main scientific result: not only the high efficiency of using the VKontakte social network for organizing the educational process has been proven, but also a proposal is formulated to consider digital literacy and knowledge of modern digital technologies as one of the qualification requirements for higher school teachers.

Vascular stiffness in persons of working age was studied by volumetric sphygmography. 189 men undergoing medical examination with volumetric sphygmography were examined. The cardiovascular index, reflecting the stiffness of the vascular wall, exceeded the norm in 37.5% of the examined, and in 14.3% - the estimated age exceeded the chronological age by 4 years or more.

Based on the mathematical model of the conjugate heat transfer from a steel cylinder to a water-air medium, the results of the calculation of the cooling rate and the mass fraction of the α-phase in supercooled austenite during the γ → α transformation are obtained. To find the mass fraction of the α-phase in austenite during supercooling, a modified Kolmogorov – Johnson – Mel – Avrami equation is used. The calculation results have been obtained during the cooling of the high-temperature metal cylinder by the laminar gas-liquid flow in an annular channel with account taken of vaporization in the liquid. The regulation of the heat and mass transfer balance of the system during the vaporization is based on the energy model of the heat balance and is performed using the effective thermophysical parameters of the cooling medium. The mathematical model is presented in a two-dimensional non-stationary formulation taking into account the symmetry of the cooling medium flow relative to the longitudinal vertical axis of the cylinder. To solve the system of differential equations, the control volume method is used. The parameters of the cooling medium flow are calculated using an algorithm SIMPLE. For the iterative solution of the system of linear algebraic equations, the methods of Gauss-Seidel and under-relaxation are used. The calculations, are carried out using a grid with a condensing profile at the «metal cylinder – liquid» and «liquid - outer metal ring» boundaries on the liquid side and the metal side.