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In the context of open innovation, firms urgently expand knowledge search and acquisition externally, forming complex interactions between internal networks and their knowledge exploration behaviours. However, prior research has overlooked network dynamics and treated internal networks as static. Drawing upon social network theory and the knowledge-based view, our study constructs a theoretical model that links intrafirm collaboration network dynamics with knowledge search within firms. We also investigated external contextual mechanisms such as the relationship strength, relationship breadth, and network centrality of corporate external networks. These moderate the relationship between intrafirm collaboration network dynamics and firms’ knowledge search. We empirically test the hypotheses using data from listed firms in the Chinese computer, communication, and electronic equipment manufacturing industry (C39) between 2014 and 2021. The results indicate that the intrafirm collaboration network dynamic has an inverted U-shaped effect on firms’ knowledge search breadth and depth. Relationship strength and network centrality weaken these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effectiveness of periodically placed rotating blades in enhancing heat transfer in a channel. The channel consists of a cold top plate moving at a constant speed and a fixed hot plate at the bottom. Thin rotating blades are placed periodically along the channel's centerline, with the spacing between their axes equal to the channel's height. This paper analyzes a transient, two‐dimensional, laminar flow problem using energy, momentum, and continuity equations. To address the challenges posed by moving blades, the Galerkin finite element method is implemented within an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework, employing a triangular mesh discretization scheme. This study comprehensively explores thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics, including overall heat transfer, thermal frequency, and power consumption of the rotating blade for heat transfer in mixed convection scenarios with Richardson numbers (Ri) ranging from 0.1 to 10 at varying rotational frequency of the blade. Outcomes demonstrate that the inclusion of a rotating blade increases heat transfer up to 50% at lower Ri, after which the impact of the rotating blade diminishes and heat transfer reduces up to 20% at higher Ri. In addition, heat transfer enhances with increasing blade frequency up to Ri = 6.5, beyond which the effect of the frequency overturns. Examining thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics reveals that the blade achieves optimal performance when operating at f = 1 and Ri = 3. The study's insights into mixed convection heat transfer offer versatile applications, benefiting industries and equipment such as electronic cooling, chemical reactors, food processing, material fabrication, solar collectors, and nuclear reactor systems. Moreover, the findings are instrumental in the thermal ventilation of buildings and the development of micro‐electromechanical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outline a global agenda for sustainable development, but need more detailed implementation guidelines for businesses, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Given their limited resources, SMEs face significant challenges in adopting sustainability practices aligned with the SDGs. This study explores the potential of ChatGPT, a large language model, to assist SMEs in overcoming these challenges. The research introduces a ChatGPT-aided framework through a novel methodological approach to help SMEs develop sustainability roadmaps, engage stakeholders, and identify key sustainability goals, risks, opportunities, and Key Process Indicators (KPIs). The case study of an SME in the electronic measurement equipment industry is used to validate the framework. The findings, corroborated by a Focus Group with the participation of academics and SME top managers, demonstrate the framework's potential to enhance SME sustainability practices, contributing to academic discourse and offering practical insights that will inform and empower industry stakeholders. Furthermore, several actions are presented to respond to concerns about the accuracy and reliability of AI-generated recommendations. Finally, future research should seek to validate the proposed framework across a broader range of industries and SME contexts and assess this methodology's application with organisations other than SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the threshold effect of R&D behaviour on financial performance by using the Chinese electronic equipment manufacturing industry as the sample. Results in this study reveal the co-effect of innovation input (R&D) and output (patents) on corporate financial performance, while patent output has a threshold effect that allows financial performance to be enhanced via R&D input, and the relationship between patent output and financial performance changes significantly when R&D input is used as a threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper takes the Chemical Industry and Computers and other Electronic Equipment Manufacturing Industry enterprises, listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets as samples, selects the 2017-2021 annual report data of each enterprise, and it uses multiple regression analysis method to test empirically the impact of high and low polluted enterprises to share social responsibility on corporate financial performance. The results of the research show that: the impact of disclosing environmental accounting information of high-polluted enterprises has a positive effect on financial performance. The impact of disclosing environmental accounting information of low-pollution enterprises on financial indicators could be relatively inconsistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Circular supply chains (CSCs) are one of the cornerstones of the circular economy (CE). Previous research has shown that closing the materials loop helps recover value in a supply chain. The aim of the study is to identify factors that stimulate the transition to a circular supply chain. We focus our research on Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE), as according to European Commission guidelines, this sector has high potential for circularity and is therefore one of the priority areas for CSC implementation. Methods: This exploratory study identifies the main factors enabling the transition to CSCs in the EEE industry. We search for the answers to three research questions: 1) What factors are influencing the transition to circular-supply-chain (W)EEE? 2) What factors can be categorized as key stimulators of the transition to circular-supply-chain (W)EEE? 3) How impactful are the stimulators of the transition to a circular (W)EEE supply chain? We used an expert survey with a Likert scale to assess the relevance of stimulators. The results of the expert survey were subjected to statistical analysis to determine the consensus of expert opinion. Results: Six groups of factors were investigated, related to: legislation, collection (take-back) systems, technology, economy, products, and customers. In total, 30 factors were identified, and were assessed by experts for their impact on three recovery scenarios, namely recycling, remanufacturing and repairs. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the factors driving the development of circular supply chains are primarily related to the organization of the (W)EEE collection system. Legal aspects are perceived as neutral by experts. Product-related factors are key to the further development of EEE remanufacturing and repairs, and technological factors are crucial to the development of WEEE recycling. The shift in consumption from linear sales to Product-as-a-Service (PaaS) models is also supporting the transition towards CSCs. Conclusions: The transition to circular supply chains is complex, and a number of simulators were identified in this study. The importance of particular factors is related to the (W)EEE recovery scenario under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is the first driving force to lead development, how to improve manufacturing innovation performance has become a hot topic. Based on 47 listed companies in the computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry in the A-share market, this paper adopted the Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the influencing factors of technology, organization and environment on the innovation performance of manufacturing industry and the improvement path. The findings are as follows: (1) A single condition is not a necessary condition for high innovation performance in manufacturing industry, but government support plays a key role in improving innovation performance in manufacturing industry. (2) There are two improvement paths for high innovation performance in manufacturing industry, which are specifically explained as "technology-environment dual improvement path" and "technology-organization-environment collaborative improvement path". (3) The improvement of innovation performance in the manufacturing industry is the result of multiple factors, showing the characteristics of "all paths lead to the same destination". Different manufacturing enterprises have different paths to improve innovation performance based on their actual conditions. Based on these findings, this study may provide some implications for the effective improvement of manufacturing innovation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green finance promotes the optimization of industrial structure and continuous improvement of ecological environment by supporting the development of green industries. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2020, this paper uses the entropy weight TOPSIS method to measure the development level of green finance and the level of industrial structure optimization in China, and constructs a panel data model to empirically test the impact of green finance on the upgrading of China's industrial structure. The study finds that there is still an imbalance and insufficiency in the development of green finance and industrial structure optimization in China. From 2012 to 2020, the development level of green finance and the level of industrial structure optimization in China have been continuously rising, but there is obvious heterogeneity, showing an eastern>central>western spatial pattern. Empirical analysis results show that at the significance level of 1‰, the development of green finance has a significant promoting effect on the rationalization and upgrading of the industrial structure. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the impact of green finance on industrial structure optimization. In terms of regional heterogeneity, at the significance level of 1‰, the role of green finance in promoting the optimization of industrial structure in central and western China is higher than that in eastern China, and the impact of green finance on China's industrial structure shows a spatial pattern of western>central>eastern China. In terms of industry heterogeneity, at the significance level of 1‰, green finance has a significant promoting effect on the development of green industries, and a significant inhibiting effect on the development of high-energy-consuming industries. Specifically, in the green industry, green finance has the greatest promoting effect on the communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry; in the high-energy-consuming industry, green finance has the greatest inhibiting effect on the black metal smelting and rolling processing industry, and the smallest impact on the petroleum, coal and other fuel processing industry. Finally, based on this, policy suggestions for green finance to support the optimization of industrial structure are proposed from two dimensions: government and financial institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November 2023, the Red Sea Waterway Crisis broke out, which caused the goods originally shipped to Europe via the Red Sea-Suez Canal Route to be transported around the Cape of Good Hope in Africa, thus increasing the shipping cost and shipping time. Firstly, this paper uses the Supply Chain Network Model and the Optimization Model to theoretically analyze the impact of this incident. Secondly, the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Model is employed to analyze the impact of the crisis on China. At the same time, it also explains whether the impact of the incident can be alleviated by using CHINA RAILWAY Express (CR Express). Finally, this paper compares the upward pressure changes of domestic commodity prices in China, Germany, France, Netherlands and Italy before and after the adoption of CR Express. The results of the study are as follows. (1) The outbreak of the Red Sea Waterway Crisis has a great negative impact on China's macro economy. When China switches to the use of CR Express, the impact on China's GDP and terms of trade is reduced. (2) The outbreak of the Red Sea Waterway Crisis has a greater impact on China's import trade than on its export trade. (3) The outbreak of the Red Sea Waterway Crisis has a great negative impact on China's textile and clothing industry and electronic equipment industry. (4) CR Express can ease the upward pressure of domestic commodity prices. Taken together, the above results can provide reference for China and other countries to cope with similar impact events. • The Supply Chain Network Model is used to describe the impact of the Crisis on the shipping industry. • The Optimization Model is used to analyze the mitigation effect of CR Express on the crisis. • The GTAP Model is used to analyze the negative impact of the Red Sea Waterway Crisis on China. • The changes of domestic commodity price upward pressure before and after the adoption of CR Express was compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovation performance of the manufacturing industry in the Wuhan city circle is evaluated based on the relevant data from 2018 to 2020 in 9 cities of Hubei Province within the Wuhan city circle using the DEA-BCC model, the DEA-Malmquist index method, and the location quotient method. This article measures the agglomeration level of innovation elements in the Wuhan city circle, constructs a performance evaluation index system including two input indicators: R&D expenditure and R&D personnel, and two output indicators: new product sales revenue and number of patent applications; evaluates the innovation performance of 27 manufacturing industries in the Wuhan city circle from five aspects: technical efficiency change (effch), technical progress change (techch), pure technical efficiency change (pech), scale efficiency change (sech), and total factor productivity change (tfpch), and compares and analyzes the innovation performance of Wuhan, Xianning, Xiantao, and Tianmen using the DEA-BCC model and DEAP 2.1. The results show that the agglomeration level of talent elements in the Wuhan city circle is between 0.24 and 1.75, and the agglomeration level of capital elements is between 0.23 and 1.52. The differences between regions are obvious, the degree of coordination is low, and the radiation effect of Wuhan is insufficient. The average value of technological progress is 1.274, which is vital to enhance the innovation performance of the Wuhan manufacturing industry. The technical efficiency dropped by 65%, but the total factor productivity fell only 13%, indicating that the technical efficiency value is not the main factor affecting the innovation performance of Wuhan. The innovation performance of high-tech and high-value-added industries such as computer, communication, and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries is relatively high, while the innovation performance of low-tech and low-value-added industries such as agricultural and sideline food processing industry and textile industry is relatively low. The innovation performance of Xianning, Xiantao, and Tianmen is higher, while the relative technological inefficiency caused by the low-scale efficiency value adversely affects the innovation performance of Wuhan. The results indicate that increasing the scale of manufacturing innovation investment can effectively enhance the innovation performance of the Wuhan city circle manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of female electrical appliance 'demonstrators' in interwar Scotland. During this period, manufacturers launched a variety of domestic electrical appliances into a consumer market already saturated with solid fuel and gas-fired equivalents. To tackle the fierce competition the electrical industry deployed female demonstrators, originally trained in domestic science, to entertain and educate audiences across Scotland. Notably, Glasgow-based demonstrators, and representatives at Scotland's domestic science colleges, expressed an early interest in working with the Electrical Association for Women, to benefit from the organisation's modern and empowering image. This article compares demonstrators' understanding of the purpose of their role with the views of consumers, domestic science experts and those working in the electrical industry. An insight into the vital, yet forgotten, 'mediating' role which demonstrators performed between the electrical industry and consumers adds to the wider discussion about women and their participation in a male-dominated workplace throughout the interwar years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issue of electromagnetic interference creates an intense challenge in modern civilisation due to the continuous need for electronic equipment in various industries. The current attention is centred on materials that possess characteristics such as lightweight, processability, resistance to corrosion, high flexibility, and compatibility with established technologies, in order to address this issue. The present investigation involved the fabrication of a new composite material using a solvent mixing method. The fabricated polymer composite was based on a matrix of Ethylene Methyl Acrylate (EMA) polymer and incorporated two types of fillers: Fe 3 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 (Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles decorated on g-C 3 N 4) and MWCNTs. Fillers embedded within polymer matrices have garnered significant interest owing to their capacity to enhance the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the composite materials. The Fe 3 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 filler demonstrates a unique combination of magnetic and conductive properties, whereas MWCNTs are widely acknowledged for their exceptional electrical conductivity. The composites filled with Fe 3 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 (7 wt%) and MWCNT (3 wt%) exhibited a significantly enhanced electrical conductivity, quantified at a magnitude of 10−2 S/cm and a highly effective EMI SE of −43.4 dB. Additionally, the polymer composite showed a thermal conductivity value of 0.92 W.m−1. K−1. • Fabrication of lightweight and highly flexible EMA/Fe 3 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 /MWCNT composites. • Incorporation of Fe 3 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 and MWCNTs filler into the EMA matrix enhance the electrical conductivity. • Fabricated polymer composite shows −43 dB EMI shielding with a loading of 7 wt% Fe 3 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 and 3 wt% MWCNTs. • E 100 FG 7 M 3 composites show a thermal conductivity of 0.92 W/mK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research employs the IPCC methodology to assess carbon emissions from China's Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) industry for 2012–2020, utilizing the GM (1) model to predict emissions for the next decade. Six scenarios evaluate emissions, guiding strategies for reduction. Key findings reveal the usage phase as the highest emitter, while WEEE dismantling incurs the lowest. In 2020, emissions from production, sales, transportation, usage, recycling transportation, dismantling, and recycling were projected. Scrapping imported EEE from 2012 to 2020 results in 1.88 million tons of emissions. Projected 2030 emissions, under current policies or low-carbon measures, are 136 million tons and 72 million tons, respectively. Urgent actions, especially in Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and stakeholder roles, are essential. The study advocates for consumer awareness on energy conservation and reducing dependence on imported products. Manufacturing emissions highlight the need for eco-design, emphasizing sustainable practices. Recycling and dismantling phases also contribute emissions, necessitating optimized routes and advanced technologies. In addition, the study explores the potential for carbon reduction by incorporating the organic combination of carbon trading markets, evaluating the carbon emission reduction potential of recycling enterprises. The proposal suggests replacing government subsidies with the sale of carbon credits, not only to stimulate companies to actively promote green dismantling but also to address the current inadequacy of subsidies. Establishing a comprehensive life cycle management system is crucial to minimizing the EEE industry's carbon footprint and promoting a sustainable future. [Display omitted] • The IPCC method is used to calculate the carbon emissions of EEE in China. • The highest carbon emissions generated in the use stage of electronic products. • The lowest carbon emissions generated in the dismantling stage of WEEE. • The total carbon emissions of WEEE will achieve 136 million tons in 2030. • The total carbon emissions of imported EEE in China are 1.88 million tons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reconsiders the driving forces behind the active role of Dutch courts in the early development of European law by analysing the histories of the 1962 Bosch and 1963 Van Gend en Loos preliminary references. The legal context of these path‐breaking references and their crucial impact on the development of a constitutional doctrine in European law are evident. Yet for understanding the emergence of the cases, their political and economic contexts need to be added to the well‐known favourable constitutional settlement from which they arose. Adding contingency to the narrative of the Netherlands as the proverbial 'good European', this article reports how the pavement for the 'road to Luxembourg' was made up of materials as diverse as an open stance towards international law, a black market in electronic equipment, and a dispute on the definition of Harnstoffharz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the argument that fair repair legislation is not fair for manufacturers in the U.S. It offers an overview of the history of the electronic device repair market. The sufficiency of federal copyright in solving issues in the manufacturing industry is reviewed. Also discussed is the need to reconcile the proposed legislation's deficits while meeting consumer needs with adequate manufacturer protection.