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Background: A single, 200-mg iron injection for newborn pigs is a common practice in swine production. It is required to provide sufficient iron for newborn pigs while avoiding the potential risk of excessive amount of iron causing oxidative stress. Objective: To evaluate the quantity and timing of a single or second iron injection into suckling piglets on growth performance and hematocrit levels. Methods: A total of 24 piglets from four litters were used in each experiment (3). Treatments were: Experiment 1- 1) Control: 150 mg iron injection at d 1-3 of age, 2) Iron14: additional 100 mg iron injection at 14 d before weaning, and 3) Iron7: additional 100 mg iron injection at 7 d before weaning; Experiment 2- 1) Control: 100 mg iron injection at d 1-3 of age, 2) Iron100/100: 100 mg iron at d 1-3 of age and 9 d after the first injection, and 3) Iron200: 200 mg iron injection at d 1-3 of age; and Experiment 3 (at d 3-4 of age)- 1) Fe100: 100 mg iron injection, 2) Fe200: 200 mg iron injection, and 3) BW200: 125 mg iron injection/kg body weight. Pigs were weaned at d 25-28 of age. Growth performance and hematocrit levels were measured until d 13-14 postweaning. Results: In Experiment 1, the Iron14 treatment had a greater final body weight than the control treatment (p=0.07). Hematocrit levels were greater in the Iron14 (p=0.10) and Iron7 (p<0.05) treatments than in the control treatment at d 14 postweaning. In Experiment 2, average daily gain in the postweaning period was greater in the Iron100/100 treatment than in the control (p<0.05) and Iron200 (p=0.08) treatments. Hematocrit levels in the Iron200 treatment were greater than those in the control treatment (p<0.05) at d 13 postweaning. In Experiment 3, there was no difference in growth performance, but the BW200 treatment increased hematocrit levels to a greater degree than the Fe200 treatment (p<0.10). Conclusion: An additional iron injection earlier and a split iron injection to newborn pigs could benefit postweaning growth, but not by body weight-based iron injection. Hematocrit levels increase with a greater dose of iron injected although the magnitude varies depending on injection strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Asprosin is a protein hormone important in regulating appetite; glucose and lipid metabolites are secreted during fasting. Aims: The present study investigates the relationship between asprosin level and oxidative stress in MetS. Methods: The study included 171 participants persons aged 35–65 years who were divided into two groups: a control group, which included 75 participants, and a patient group, which included 95 participants from patients getting treatment at the Ibn Sina Educational Hospital in the Iraqi city of Mosul. Ethical approval was obtained from the Iraqi Ministry of Health - Nineveh Health. Five milliliters of venous blood were taken following a fast for an entire night. To perform oxidative and antioxidative factor tests as well as clinical evaluations. Results: Asprosin hormone levels in MetS significantly increased, but a significant decrease of antioxidative (glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, and arylesterase) also A substantial rise in malondialdehyde, lactoperoxidase, and peroxidase. It was found through the linear correlation coefficient (R) that there was a significant positive correlation between asprosin and oxidative and an inverse correlation with antioxidative variables. Discussion: These findings imply that asprosin is an indicator of metabolic disorders and is associated with MetS and oxidative stress indicators. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be considered a new indicator and a promising tool for diagnosis and treatment to initiate and develop MetS . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Plasma corticosterone concentration (CORT), heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H:L), catalase activity (CAT), total glutathione concentration (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels (TBARS) were evaluated in 48 Hy-Line Brown laying hens, at 79 weeks of age, after being fasted for 10 consecutive days. Blood was collected on days zero, two, four, six, eight, and 10 of fasting, and a completely randomized design was adopted, with eight replicates on each day of collection, with each bird being an experimental unit. The time of maximum stress was determined for each method, using the polynomial regression analysis. The Pearson correlation analysis was also performed to determine whether the methods were interchangeable. CORT and GSH concentrations indicated that the time of maximum stress occurred at 4.3 days of fasting, whereas, the H:L and CAT activity indicated that the time of maximum stress occurred at 10 days of fasting. The malondialdehyde concentration detected by the TBARS method was highest at day zero and lowest at day 5.5 of fasting, but this method was not a reliable measure of stress. The low Pearson correlation coefficients observed among the methods made it impossible to designate only one of the tested methods as a replacement for the others, to measure the stress in laying hens during fasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbicide promotes physiological and biochemical changes even in tolerant species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of the herbicides clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D in the antioxidant system of wheat, and iodosulfuron-methyl in wheat and ryegrass. Two studies, divided into three experiments, were conducted in an entirely randomized design in a greenhouse and phytotron. The first study tested herbicides iodosulfuron-methyl, clodinafop-propargyl, 2,4-D, and a control without application in wheat. The second, divided into two experiments with wheat and ryegrass, tested iodosulfuron-methyl doses (0, 1.75, 3.5, and 7.0 g a.i. ha-1). The variables analyzed were the concentrations of chlorophylls a, b, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant system activity. The herbicide treatments iodosulfuron-methyl, clodinafop-propargyl, and 2,4-D decreased the concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids in wheat plants. The herbicides promoted oxidative stress with increased H2O2 and TBARS concentrations. Increasing the dose of iodosulfuron-methyl provided a reduction in the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system in wheat and ryegrass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous investigations have revealed that a functional fermented orange beverage presented in its composition different phenolic compounds, which through in silico investigation demonstrated to have biological effects of therapeutic importance as antioxidant, gastrorepair, and anti-ulcerative properties. Thus, this study confirmed in vivo, through a model of EtOH-induced gastric ulcers in rats, the beneficial properties indicated by the in silico tests. Gastric ulcer was induced by EtOH (intragastric) and was treated after 1 h with fermented orange beverage with and without Mentha piperita extract (0.5 mL/100 g w.b). Omeprazole was used as positive control. Histopathological evaluation revealed that EtOH administration resulted in the formation of gastric ulcers due to the reduction of the mucus layer, presence of hemorrhage, and infiltration of neutrophils in the stomach tissue of rats, and only treatment with omeprazole was able to reverse these changes. Additionally, EtOH administration altered the gastric juice volume and induced oxidative stress in the gastric tissue observed through the increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS), reduction in the levels of non-protein thiols (NPSH), and alteration in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The ingestion of the fermented orange beverage increased NPSH levels and reduced changes in TBARS levels induced by ethanol. These findings suggested that the fermented orange beverage has antioxidant effects, as pointed out by in silico studies, but not gastrorepair and anti-ulcerative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitiligo is a chronic cutaneous disease characterized by the loss of melanocytes and consequent depigmentation of the skin, affecting approximately 0.5 to 2% of the global population. This complex dermatological condition has been the subject of extensive study in recent decades, aiming to understand its causes, pathophysiological mechanisms, and the development of effective therapeutic approaches. Evidence suggests that vitiligo results from a multifactorial interaction between genetic, autoimmune, environmental, and neuroendocrine factors. Immunological mechanisms, including oxidative stress and the autoimmune response targeted against melanocytes, play a crucial role in the disease's pathogenesis. Accurate diagnosis and effective management of vitiligo are essential to improve patients' quality of life. A variety of therapeutic options are available, including phototherapy, topical treatments, melanocyte transplantation surgery, and immunomodulatory therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of vitiligo, addressing its clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatment options based on the evidence available in the scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A criopreservação do sêmen bovino contribui para as cadeias produtivas do leite e da carne, melhorando a eficiência dos rebanhos e, consequentemente, sua lucratividade. Neste contexto, diferentes métodos e aditivos são utilizados para melhorar a resistência espermática à criopreservação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de ácido ascórbico (vitamina C) e Trolox (vitamina E sintética) como antioxidantes no meio diluidor de sêmen para preservar a viabilidade do sêmen no processo de congelamento-descongelamento. Oito touros, cinco Bos taurus indicus e três Bos taurus taurus, foram selecionados e submetidos a três coletas de sêmen em intervalos de 48 horas. Os ejaculados foram submetidos a uma análise prévia de motilidade, vigor e concentração, a seguir colocados em palhetas de 0,25 mL na proporção de 25×106 de espermatozoides viáveis, e distribuídos em quatro grupos: GI (sêmen diluído sem adição de vitaminas), GII (sêmen diluído com 250 μmoL mL-1 de Trolox), GIII (sêmen diluído com 0,60 mg mL-1 de vitamina C) e GIV (sêmen diluído com 0,60 mg mL-1 de vitamina C + 250 μmoL mL-1 de Trolox); posteriormente, foram submetidos à criopreservação. Os movimentos e a cinética dos espermatozoides descongelados foram analisados por Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA), não havendo diferença (p0,05). A interação entre Trolox e vitamina C gerou resultados significativos para a motilidade espermática após o descongelamento quando avaliada pelo TRT, e a viabilidade espermática quando avaliada pelo HOST, sendo superiores aos encontrados no grupo controle e no grupo com adição de vitamina C.

Introdução: O consumo de alimentos com propriedades antioxidantes é essencial para atletas na prática intensa de atividade física, pois o consumo de oxigênio aumenta e pode acarretar elevação da produção de radicais livres pode levar estresse oxidativo, acarretando fadiga, lesão muscular e baixo desempenho. Nos alimentos vermelhos os antioxidantes mais encontrados são licopeno e antocianinas, responsáveis pela coloração dos alimentos. Objetivo: O presente estudo verificou a frequência do consumo de alimentos vermelhos com propriedades antioxidantes e presença de lesões nos atletas de ginástica rítmica, além de averiguar e classificar o estado nutricional. Materiais e metodos: Estudo de caráter transversal aprovado pelo comitê de ética nº 3.424.317, com participação de 8 atletas com idade de 7 a 12 anos, foi aplicado um questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA), para avaliar o consumo além da coleta de dados antropométricos para avaliar o IMC, o qual foi realizado individualmente em forma de entrevista. Dados tabulados em planilhas eletrônicas Excel® Office 365 utilizando estatística descritiva média e percentual. Resultados: 100% (n=8) das atletas encontravam-se em eutrofia e 50% (n=4) já sofreram algum tipo de lesão durante os treinos, o menor consumo dos alimentos pesquisados, foi entre as atletas que relataram já terem sofrido lesões. Discussão: As atletas que apresentaram maior consumo de alimentos antioxidantes foram as que relataram não ter sofrido algum tipo de lesão durante os treinos, podendo ser este fato considerado um dos possíveis fatores para proteção antioxidantes e são necessários na dieta dos atletas a fim de garantir a saúde e prevenir possíveis lesões.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito metafilático do disseleneto de difenila no desempenho, perfil metabólico e status oxidativo de bezerras de corte submetidas ao desmame precoce. Foram utilizadas 30 bezerras taurinas de corte, filhas de vacas primíparas, entre 60 a 110 dias de vida. As bezerras foram distribuídas de forma randomizada em três grupos experimentais. Grupo controle (GC, n=10): 2 mL de solução de NaCl a 0,9%. Grupo dimetilsulfóxido (GDMSO, n=10): 2 mL de dimetilsulfóxido a 99,2%. Grupo disseleneto de difenila (GDD, n=10): 3 µmol/kg de (PhSe)2 a 98%, diluído em 2 mL de dimetilsulfóxido 99,2%. O intervalo entre dias considerado como momentos (M), foi de 14 dias, e a avaliação de peso e coleta de amostras de sangue ocorreu no M1=basal (-28 dias), M2 (-14 dias), M3 (dia 0), M4 (14 dias) e M5 (28 dias), já as administrações dos tratamentos no M1, M2, M3. Houve efeito significativo para momento: ganho médio diário (P

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Oxidative stress is caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species that generate an imbalance in the cellular antioxidant capacity. In this study, the effect of alpha-lipoic acid on microsomes isolated from rat brain and heart was analyzed by determining chemiluminescence (expressed as counts per minute) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Oxidative stress was induced by subjecting the samples to an ascorbate-Fe++-dependent pro-oxidant system at 37 °C for 120 minutes. The inhibitory effect of alpha-lipoic acid was compared using different concentrations thereof, corresponding to 50, 150 and 250 [ig per mg of microsomal protein. Controls were performed simultaneously without the addition of the pro-oxidant. A significant increase in light emission and malondialdehyde was observed in the microsomes of both organs in the ascorbate-Fe++ group. Analysis of chemiluminescence levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances indicated that alpha-lipoic acid acted as an antioxidant that protected rat heart microsomes from damage by lipid peroxidation at all doses tested. In brain microsomes, alpha-lipoic acid was observed to act as an antioxidant only at the 150 |ig/ml dose. In the latter case, it will be necessary to test new doses of it to demonstrate the effects on these membranes. In conclusion, alpha-lipoic acid acted as an antioxidant to protect the membranes of both organs against peroxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Background: Scabies is one of the most common diseases in dogs. It threatens both animals and humans due to its zoonotic potential. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant balance with hematological findings in dogs infested with sarcoptic mange. Methods: The animals evaluated in this study consisted of 32 mixed-breed dogs between 1 and 2 years of age. The dogs were allocated into two groups: a control group (infestation-free animals; n=10), and a sarcoptic mange-infected group (Sarcoptes, n=22). Dogs in the Sarcoptes group showed infestation signs such as intense itching, excoriations, alopecia, and blistering of the elbow and auricular margins. Results: Significant increase (p<0.01) levels were observed in total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress index (OSI), and nitric oxide (NO), while glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels in dogs infested with Sarcoptes decreased significantly (p<0.01). In addition, a significant increase (p<0.01) of WBC count in dogs in the sarcoptic group in comparison with the control was found. Conversely, there was significant decrease (p<0.01) in RBC, HGB, and PCV counts in Sarcoptes-infested dogs. Conclusions: Our study suggests a possible relationship between oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and hematological findings in dogs infested with sarcoptic mange. Furthermore, in addition to MDA, TAS, TOS, and OSI markers, NO as well as GSH might be also used to assess the oxidative stress in dogs naturally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated injuries sustained by Pimelodus maculatus caused by transient operating conditions in a Brazilian hydroelectric power plant. Fish (n = 43) that inhabited the tailrace and appeared on the water surface after changes in the operating conditions were evaluated (IF). Additionally, fish (n = 10) captured using longline in the vicinity of the tailrace were used for comparisons (NF). Blood samples were evaluated for cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations. Tissue samples (gill, liver, brain, and muscle) were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS, protein carbonyl content, and catalase activity) and histology (gill, liver, and spleen). The most prominent findings in IF were barotraumas with intra-abdominal hemorrhage and swim bladder rupture. Cortisol and glucose concentrations were lower for IF when compared to NF. IF also suffered from oxidative stress, as indicated by increased TBARS in the liver and brain, as well as increased protein carbonyl content in the gills and liver. The main histological alterations induced by the adverse conditions were circulatory disorders, such as telangiectasia and gill aneurysm, hepatic congested veins, and hemorrhage in the liver and spleen. The abrupt drop of pressure resulting from changes in the operating conditions of the turbines caused barotraumas and oxidative stress, which were the leading causes of fish mortality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença de etiologia multifatorial responsável por gerar um estado de inflamação crônica subclínica. A melatonina, hormônio produzido fisiologicamente pela glândula pineal, vem sendo amplamente estudada por seu efeito anti-inflamatório em diversas doenças. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos anti-inflamatórios da suplementação de melatonina no tratamento da obesidade. Materiais e Métodos: Esta revisão narrativa foi realizada por meio de levantamento de literatura, utilizando as bases de dados digitais Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs, Google Acadêmico e Periódicos da CAPES. Resultados: Um estudo duplo cego randomizado, avaliou 44 mulheres com obesidade, que foram divididas de forma randomizada em um grupo que fez uso de melatonina (n=22) e em outro grupo que fez uso de placebo (n=22). Foi observado que apenas o grupo de pacientes que fez uso da melatonina apresentou redução significativa nas concentrações séricas de marcadores inflamatórios como TNF alfa, IL-6, hsCRP e MDA. Outro estudo duplo-cego randomizado, analisou 30 pacientes com obesidade que foram randomizados em 2 grupos, grupo 1 (n=15) recebeu 10 mg de melatonina e o grupo 2 (n=15) recebeu placebo. Com a suplementação de melatonina as concentrações de adiponectina omentina 1 e GPx (enzima antioxidante) aumentaram significativamente, enquanto os níveis de MDA (marcador de estresse oxidativo) diminuíram significativamente. Conclusão: Apesar dos estudos clínicos sobre este tema serem escassos e os existentes apresentarem um número amostral reduzido, os resultados até então demonstraram a eficácia da melatonina em contrabalancear os efeitos deletérios do excesso de tecido adiposo.

Uma parte do O2 captado pelo ME durante o exercício físico aeróbico acaba se convertendo em Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio (EROs) que, junto das Espécies Reativas de Nitrogênio (ERNs) e, eventualmente das Espécies Reativas de Enxofre (EREs), também formadas pelo metabolismo energético, são moléculas instáveis e potentes sinalizadoras de várias adaptações biológicas celulares, como a biogênese mitocondrial, a angiogênese, além da ativação/expressão das enzimas oxidativas e do sistema de defesa antioxidante. Essas e outras adaptações positivas refletem em melhora do desempenho aeróbico/endurance, especialmente através do aumento de parâmetros determinantes para tal como o consumo máximo de O2 (VO2 máx), os limiares metabólicos e a capacidade tamponante. Por outro lado, se a produção de EROs, ERNs e EREs na sistemática de treinos aeróbicos for demasiadamente alta, crônica, sistêmica e descontrolada, o quadro de estresse oxidativo/nitrosativo/sulfurativo pode se instalar, especialmente no ME, desencadeando mal-adaptação, traduzida em inflamação crônica, catabolismo acentuado, além de sinalização pró-apoptótica, pró-necrótica e pró-necroptótica. Esse quadro anti-adaptativo nefasto pode deflagrar na Síndrome do Overtraining (OVTS), caracterizada por perda significativa e permanente do desempenho, além de efeitos deletérios fisiológicos, imunológicos e psicológicos. Logo, o objetivo do presente manuscrito de revisão é problematizar o efeito dual, pró e anti-adaptativo, gerado pelo estresse oxidativo, nitrosativo e, eventualmente, sulfurativo, no exercício/treinamento físico aeróbico, destacando a importância visceral do controle das cargas externas e internas de treinamento para garantir, prioritariamente, os efeitos benéficos associados ao estresse do exercício físico regular e sistematizado.

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Um dos grandes males que pode levar à uma série de acometimentos físicos ao idoso é o excesso de produção de radicais livres, a qual, aparentemente, pode ser combatida pela prática regular de exercício físico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, a influência do exercício físico sobre o estresse oxidativo em idosos. Assim, foi realizado uma revisão da literatura, cruzando-se as palavras exercício físico, estresse oxidativo e idoso, nas bases de dados PubMed, Europe PMC, Web of Science, Scielo, sem restrição de idioma até 2021. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados somente quatro artigos os quais tiveram como objeto de estudo o exercício resistido e exercício aeróbio. Em três estudos que utilizaram o exercício resistido, dois observaram diminuição do estresse oxidativo e um não obteve diferença. Já no único estudo relacionado ao exercício aeróbio demonstrou diminuição do estresse oxidativo. Assim, concluiu-se que, apesar dos poucos estudos obtidos, aparentemente, o exercício físico é eficiente no combate ao estresse oxidativo em idosos.

Enquanto a produção excessiva de radicais livres pode causar diversos danos celulares, a produção controlada desempenha importantes papéis regulatórios na célula no processo de adaptação no sistema de defesa antioxidante. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo é de esclarecer os efeitos do uso de suplementos antioxidantes das vitaminas C e E, quanto às adaptações obtidas através do treinamento resistido. A realização desta revisão da literatura foi do tipo sistemática, utilizando-se da base de dados Pubmed, aplicando-se os critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos. De acordo com a investigação, cronicamente, a suplementação das vitaminas C e E não parecem ter efeito benéfico no processo de hipertrofia muscular em praticantes amadores, de modo que o seu uso pode ainda interferir de forma significantemente negativa nos ganhos de força e hipertrofia muscular, após um período de suplementação. Conclui-se que a suplementação de vitaminas C e E em doses superiores às recomendadas, não parece promover benefícios no processo de hipertrofia muscular. Pelo contrário, especialmente em jovens adultos saudáveis, a suplementação pode ser prejudicial quando o objetivo é aumento de massa magra e força.

Esse manuscrito apresenta os conceitos básicos da Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD), descrevendo e analisando os componentes e etapas de sua ação fotodinâmica e sua potencialidade de eficácia terapêutica. É discutida a escolha de fotossensibilizadores (FS) e a fonte de energia eletromagnética, assim como os mecanismos TIPO I e TIPO II da ação fotodinâmica gerada pela excitação eletrônica do agente fotossensibilizante. Portanto, são analisados os aspectos químicos do estresse oxidativo gerado pelas espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e espécies reativas de nitrogênio (ERNs), contemplando oxigênio singlete (1O2) e radicais livres. Por fim, comenta-se sobre as possibilidades de maior aplicação de TFD em medicina veterinária, sobretudo no que se refere aos animais de estimação.

The heating rate used during semen thawing plays an important role in reducing structural and functional damage to spermatozoa. In this study, we evaluated the influence of thawing temperature on semen quality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial activity of cryopreserved bovine semen. A total of 195 straws of 0.5 mL from five Holstein Friesian bulls were used (39 straws per bull). Samples underwent 8 to 22 years of storage; they were processed under a standard protocol with tris-egg yolk and stored in liquid nitrogen. Samples were thawed for 30 seconds in a water bath at T1: 36 °C, T2: 38 °C or T3: 40 °C. Sperm motility and kinematics, morphology, structural membrane integrity (SMI), functional membrane integrity (FMI), acrosome integrity (AI), ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) of post-thawing bovine sperm were evaluated. Generalized linear models were fitted to the data. Each model included the effects of bull, storage time, and treatment. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess data normality, and means were compared using the Tukey test. T2 and T3 showed better results for sperm motility and kinematic parameters, SMI (%) (T1 41.9 ± 2.3; T2 45.7 ± 1.9; T3 47.4 ± 2.8), ROS (RFU/min) (T1 0.026 ± 0.007; T2 0.032 ± 0.001; T3 0.031 ± 0.001) and high-ΔΨM (RFU x 103 ) (67.1± 0,4; 71.3 ± 0.4; 74.2 ± 0.4) (P < 0.05). However, T1 had higher FMI (39.3 ± 2.3) than T2 (34.0 ± 1.9) (P < 0.05), though not significantly (P > 0.05) different from T3 (38.4 ± 2.2). Thawing temperatures of 38 °C and 40 °C increases motility, kinetics, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity and ROS of cryopreserved bovine semen, compared with more conventional thawing at 36 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that may bring about harmful pollution of water and soil. Phytoremediation involving elements beneficial for plant development is a strategy to alleviate this problem. Silicon (Si) has shown potential in neutralizing biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, especially those caused by heavy metals. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether Si could mitigate the effects of Cd toxicity on growth, photosynthetic activity, and oxidative stress in seedlings of Enterolobium contortisiliquum. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with four replications. In addition to a control treatment, the following amounts of Cd, Si, and combinations were added to the complete nutrient solution: 1.5 mM Si; 3.0 mM Si; 1.5 mM Si + 100 µM Cd; 3.0 mM Si + 100 µM Cd; 100 µM Cd. Each sampling unit consisted of a tray containing 16 plants. Silicon concentrations of 1.5 and 3.0 Si mM were adequate to mitigate the effects of cadmium toxicity on Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings. The results showed that Si promoted photosynthetic activity, increased total chlorophyll, and decreased shoot lipid peroxidation in the presence of Cd. Furthermore, the lack of significant differences in shoot and root dry weight among treatments and low peroxidation content in roots suggest that E. contortisiliquum is tolerant to cadmium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: a phenolic-rich extract of Astronium urundeuva honey (PhEAH) was produced and its pharmacological proprieties were determined. Method: PhEAH was prepared using a solid-phase extraction column. Next, antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated by broth microdilution method and the antioxidant effect was investigated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Urethral catheter sensitized with PhEAH were produced and its anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm effect determined. Finally, antitumoral and antiviral activities were studded using 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Results: PhEAH showed an elevated total phenol concentration (PhEAH: 18.7±0.4 mg GA/g vs. fresh honey: 0.99±0.005 mg GA/g). Although PhEAH did not show significant antifungal and antiviral effects, it was moderately active against Gram-negative bacilli (Klebsiella aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae) and showed increased antibacterial activity against salmonellosis pathogens (Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis). PhEAH-impregnated urethral catheters inhibited the growth of various pathogenic bacteria and impaired the ability of P. aeruginosa to colonize and adhere to it. In addition to its antimicrobial activity, PhEAH presented antioxidant properties and reduced the viability of human glioblastoma cells. Conclusion: in conclusion, our study shows that PhEAH contains large amounts of phenolic compounds, which are associated with its antibacterial, anti-adhesive, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Resumo Fundamento O pterostilbeno (PS), um composto polifenólico natural e antioxidante, surge como uma intervenção promissora para minimizar danos do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do PS na promoção da homeostase redox nos pulmões e no ventrículo direito (VD) de animais infartados. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos (60 dias de idade) foram randomizados em três grupos: SHAM, IAM (infarto) e IAM+PS (IAM + pterostilbeno). Sete dias após o procedimento de IAM, os ratos foram tratados com PS (100 mg/kg/dia) por gavagem por oito dias. Os animais foram depois sacrificados e os pulmões e VD foram coletados para análise do balanço redox (diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p

Introdução: O estresse oxidativo está envolvido na fisiopatologia da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e o papel dos antioxidantes nesse contexto ainda precisa ser melhor compreendido. Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de hipertensão e a relação com ingestão de polifenóis e capacidade antioxidante total dietética (DTAC) em mulheres climatéricas da Serra Gaúcha-RS, Brasil. Materiais e métodos: 41 mulheres participaram do estudo (CEP 2.420.632; 07/12/2017) e foram submetidas a aferições de peso, altura, circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial. Aplicaram-se diferentes questionários visando a obtenção de informações sociodemográficas e de saúde, além do Recordatório Alimentar de 24 horas. Comparações entre os grupos hipertenso e não hipertenso foram feitas através de teste t de Student ou qui-quadrado. Resultados: A prevalência de HAS na população foi de 29,27 % (IC95% 14,73; 43,81) e as mulheres hipertensas apresentaram IMC estatisticamente superior ao das não hipertensas (p=0,047). Embora sem diferença estatística, observou-se que o grupo hipertenso apresentou DTAC e ingestão de polifenóis totais diminuídos (9 e 11 % de redução, respectivamente). O mineral magnésio teve sua ingestão significativamente reduzida (30 %; p=0,006) pelas mulheres hipertensas. Observou-se que elas exibiram uma ingestão abaixo do recomendado para as vitaminas A e E. Dentre os alimentos e bebidas que contribuíram para aumentar a DTAC das participantes, o café ficou em primeiro lugar em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: Esses dados demonstram a importância do monitoramento do consumo de antioxidantes visando a prevenção e/ou controle da hipertensão e de doenças relacionadas à saúde do coração, em mulheres climatéricas.

Introdução: Diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) é um distúrbio multifatorial caracterizado pelo aumento dos níveis de radicais livres. Tanto o estresse oxidativo quanto a obesidade contribuem para um estado inflamatório da doença, principalmente pelo aumento da citocina TNF-α. Sabendo-se que a genética individual pode contribuir para o estresse oxidativo, o estudo avaliou o impacto das variações genéticas de enzimas antioxidantes C262T no gene CAT e polimorfismos nulos dos genes GSTM1 e GSTT1 nos níveis de TNF-α, assim como, avaliou se as variantes genéticas atuariam sinergicamente com a obesidade aumentando os níveis da citocina em diabéticos da Grande Vitória/ES, Brasil. Métodos: O polimorfismo no gene CAT foi avaliado pela técnica PCR/RFLP e nos genes GSTM1 e GSTT1 por PCR multiplex, em 56 pacientes, sendo 28 obesos e 28 não obesos. Níveis de TNF-α foram medidos pela técnica de ELISA sanduíche. Resultados: Frequências das variantes nulas de GSTM1 e GSTT1 foram 44,6% e 17,9%, respectivamente. As frequências genotípicas C262T-CAT foram 73,2%, 25% e 1,8% para homozigoto normal, heterozigoto e homozigoto polimórfico, respectivamente. Não houve associação entre genótipos polimórficos e aumento dos níveis de TNF-α, assim como, não foi demonstrado aumento significante da citocina quando avaliado o sinergismo entre obesidade e genética individual do paciente. Conclusão: Níveis de TNF-α não se elevam em diabéticos tipo 2 na presença dos polimorfismos nos genes CAT, GSTM1 e GSTT1, e a obesidade não atua no aumento dessa citocina na população estudada, separadamente ou em conjunto com a genética individual de variantes nos genes CAT, GSTM1 e GSTT1.

ABSTRACT O período de transição em vacas leiteiras aumenta o suprimento de oxigênio aos tecidos e a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Junto com o comprometimento do sistema antioxidante, gera estresse oxidativo, que pode estar ligado ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estresse oxidativo em 35 novilhas leiteiras Gir, durante o período periparto. Foram analisados ácido úrico, cobre, ferro, zinco, albumina, bilirrubina total, superóxido dismutase (SOD) e glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px). Um modelo linear com distribuição de Poisson foi aplicado usando o procedimento GENMOD. A primeira medida (30d antes do parto) foi considerada como referência (T0), e as amostras foram coletadas 16 dias antes do parto (T1) e sete (T2), 14 (T3), 28 (T4) e 42 dias pós-parto (T5). Cobre, zinco e albumina variaram dentro da faixa de referência, apesar de ter havido aumento no cobre de 45,92% no T3. Os níveis de ácido úrico aumentaram durante o período de transição, sem diferença significativa até 16 dias pré-parto, quando foi observado aumento de 67,57%, sendo sua maior concentração observada em T4. A SOD teve um aumento maior (300%) do que a GSH-Px (36%) no final do período experimental, acompanhada por adaptações bioquímicas para garantir uma resposta antioxidante eficaz. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o período periparto causa estresse oxidativo em novilhas leiteiras Gir.