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38 results on '"Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich"'

1. Cours sur le thème L'immigration comme facteur de modernisation de la société juive (XVIe-XIXe siècles)

Author: Séminaire du Professeur J.-J. Bergier (Juillet 1993: Ecole Polytechnique fédérale de Zurich), Schreiber, Jean-Philippe, Séminaire du Professeur J.-J. Bergier (Juillet 1993: Ecole Polytechnique fédérale de Zurich), and Schreiber, Jean-Philippe
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Published: 1993

2. Grazing behaviour of dairy cows on biodiverse mountain pastures is more influenced by slope than cow breed

Author: Germano Turille, Joel Berard, Mauro Coppa, Michael Kreuzer, B. Martin, Matthieu Bouchon, Madeline Koczura, Anne Farruggia, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Herbipôle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Agricole Régional, Partenaires INRAE, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: Plant growth, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Biology, Breeding, Poaceae, Pasture, SF1-1100, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 0403 veterinary science, Eating, Animal science, Lactation, Grazing, medicine, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Holstein, Geography, 0402 animal and dairy science, feed selection, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Feeding Behavior, 040201 dairy & animal science, Breed, Diet, Animal culture, Dairying, medicine.anatomical_structure, Milk, Valdostana Red Pied, Plant species, Forb, Animal Science and Zoology, Cattle, Female, pasture topography, Montbéliarde
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study was to determine how cows with different genetic merit behave and perform when grazing biodiverse and heterogeneous mountain pastures with different slopes. Three groups of 12 cows in late lactation, each composed of four Holstein, four Montbéliarde and four Valdostana Red Pied cows, breeds of increasing presumed robustness and decreasing milk yield (MY) potential. Cows grazed without concentrate either on a low-diversity flat pasture or on two species-rich mountainous pastures having slopes of either 7° or 22°. Milk yield, BW and grazing behaviour were monitored two times in the first and once in the second grazing cycle. Cows of different breeds had similar behaviour on all pastures. The Montbéliarde cows performed close to their production potential; Holstein and Valdostana cows produced less milk than anticipated. No breed difference in terms of BW loss was found. The Valdostana cows exhibited the least selective behaviour with respect to plant species and plant growth stage. Still, all cows searched for the most palatable vegetation regardless of pasture diversity. On the steep pasture, cows optimised the trade-off between ingesting and saving energy to obtain feed. They remained longer at the lowest zone and selected forbs, whereas cows on the flatter pasture went to the upper zone to select grasses. The present study gave no evidence for a superior short-term adaptation to harsh grazing conditions through an optimised feeding behaviour of the Valdostana breed compared to Montbéliarde and Holstein cows.
Published: 2019
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3. Phosphorus uptake and partitioning in two durum wheat cultivars with contrasting biomass allocation as affected by different P supply during grain filling

Author: Bofang Yan, Christian Morel, Thierry Robert, Mohamed El Mazlouzi, Alain Mollier, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, Vegetative reproduction, Phosphorus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Biomass, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant physiology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Grain growth, Anthesis, chemistry, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Cultivar, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Aims : Phosphorus (P) export with harvested grains is a key step of the P cycle in agroecosystems. In wheat, the accumulation of P in grains originates from both exogenous and endogenous P sources. We investigated the effects of different post-anthesis P supply on P partitioning and P remobilization in two durum wheat cultivars with contrasting biomass allocation.Methods : Wheat plants were grown on a complete nutrient solution with sufficient P until anthesis. Thereafter, half of the plants were deprived of P and the other half was maintained on the complete nutrient solution. P uptake, allocation, remobilization, and traits related to yield and grain P were determined.Results : Modifications of post-anthesis P supply had no effect on grain yield. Grain P concentrations at maturity for deprived P supply ranged from 2.2 to 3.4 mg P g DW− 1. Without P, net P fluxes to grains essentially came from leaves (35%), roots (28%) and stems (17% ). With P, net P fluxes came mainly from post-antheis P uptake.Conclusions : Our results suggest that when the P nutrition of durum wheat is limited after anthesis, endogenous P remobilization can sustain grain growth with minor yield penalties if the plants are well supplied during vegetative growth.
Published: 2020
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4. Vocal expression of emotional valence in pigs across multiple call types and contexts

Author: Eva Read, Marek Špinka, Monica Padilla de la Torre, Sandra Düpjan, Richard Policht, Céline Tallet, Pavel Linhart, Marjorie Coulon, Elodie F. Briefer, Birger Puppe, Alain Boissy, Andrew M. Janczak, Edna Hillmann, Lisette M.C. Leliveld, Cécile Bourguet, Véronique Deiss, Carole Guérin, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Institute of Animal Science, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Bureau d'Etudes et Travaux de Recherches en Ethologie (ETRE), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Cabinet EASIER, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, ETH, ANR, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Subjects: Emotion, 0303 health sciences, Communication, 040301 veterinary sciences, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sus scrofa, émotion, swine, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Emotional valence, Acoustic communication, Vocal expression, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Interactivity, communication acoustique, vocalisation, éthologie appliquée, business, Psychology, 030304 developmental biology, porc
Abstract: Emotions, unlike mood, are short-lived reactions associated with specific events. They can be characterized by two main dimensions, their arousal (bodily activation) and valence (negative versus positive). Knowledge of the valence of emotions experienced by domestic and captive animals is crucial for assessing and improving their welfare, as it enables us to minimize the negative emotions that they might experience and to promote positive ones. Emotions can affect vocalizations directly or indirectly through the brain, lungs, larynx or vocal tract. As a result, vocal expression of emotions has been observed across species, and could serve as a non-invasive and potentially very reliable tool to assess animal emotions. In pigs (Sus scrofa), vocal expression of emotions has been relatively well studied. However, it is not known if the vocal indicators revealed in previous studies are valid across call types and contexts. To find this out, we conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of emotional valence on pig vocalizations, including calls recorded in the most common emotional situations encountered by pigs throughout their lives, from birth to slaughter. Our analyses revealed that pigs produced calls characterized by a higher center of gravity, a shorter duration, less noise (lower Wiener entropy), lower formants (measured using the formant dispersion) and LPC coefficients in positive compared to negative contexts. Overall, these vocal parameters could be very useful for developing automated methods to monitor pig welfare on-farm.
Published: 2019

5. Promising nutritional strategies to reduce enteric methane emission from ruminants – a meta-analysis

Author: Arndt, Claudia, Hristov, Alexander N., McClelland, Shelby C., Kebreab, Ermias, Oh, Joonpyo, Bannink, André, Bayat, Ali R., Crompton, Les A., Dijkstra, Jan, Eugène, Maguy, Martin, Cécile, Kreuzer, Michael, McGee, Mark, Reynolds, Christopher K., Schwarm, Angela, Shingfield, Kevin J, Yáñez-Ruiz, David R., Yu, Zhongtang, Veneman, J. B., Newbold, C. James, Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enseñanza (CATIE), Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of California, Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading (UOR), Animal Nutrition Group, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Decreasing enteric CH4 emissions is important in mitigating the environmental impact of livestock farming. The present meta-analysis examined effects of nutritional mitigation practices on absolute CH4 emissions (g/animal/d) and CH4 yield [g CH4/kg dry matter intake (DMI)] as well as on DMI (kg/d), average daily gain (kg/d), milk production (kg/d), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (%). The database for this analysis consisted of over 400 studies. Only studies that reported statistical variance were included in the analysis (295 studies and 644 treatment mean comparisons). A standard random-effects meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance was carried out. The effects of the standardized mean difference (SMD) were classified as small (≤-0.2 and >-0.5), medium (≤-0.5 and >-0.8), and large (≤-0.8). Of the analyzed treatments, inclusion of chemical inhibitors, electron sinks, and lipids had a large effect on absolute CH4 emissions (-2.1 ± 0.5, -1.6 ± 0.2, and -1.3 ± 0.2 SMD ± SE, respectively; P 0.15), whereas electron sinks and lipids led to a small decrease in DMI (-0.2 ± 0.1, and -0.4 ± 0.1 SMD ± SE, respectively; P ≤0.01) without affecting animal productivity (P >0.05). Although these nutritional strategies effectively reduced CH4 emissions without compromising animal productivity, their adoption will largely depend on their economic feasibility.
Published: 2019

6. Evaluation of the performance of existing mathematical models predicting enteric methane emissions from ruminants:Animal categories and dietary mitigation strategies

Author: Peter J. Moate, Mark McGee, Cécile Martin, Zhongtang Yu, Jan Dijkstra, Angela Schwarm, Nico Peiren, K. J. Shingfield, Mmichael Kreuzer, Alexander N. Hristov, A.L.F. Hellwing, André Bannink, Ermias Kebreab, Maguy Eugène, Peter Lund, Les A. Crompton, Ali R. Bayat, Martin Riis Weisbjerg, Christopher K. Reynolds, Xinran Li, David R. Yáñez-Ruiz, Mohammed Benaouda, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Animal Science, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Departement of Animal Science, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Estacion Experimental del Zaidin-CSIC, Centre for Dairy Research, Shool of Agriculture, Animal Science, University of Reading (UOR), Animal Nutrition Group, Animal Science, Wageningen University, Livestock Research, Animal Science, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Animal Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Veterinary Science, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Biology, SAMS, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (Turkey), University of California, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), DSM Nutritional Products, Pennsylvania Soybean Board, Ministry of Economic Affairs (The Netherlands), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine (Ireland), Academy of Finland, European Commission, Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (US), PMI, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (The Netherlands), University of New Hampshire, Federal Office for Agriculture (Switzerland), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), Scottish Government, Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases, CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), German Research Foundation, Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science, Fondo Regional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Image Science for Interventional Techniques (ISIT), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Clermont Université, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Agriculture Victoria (AgriBio), Animal Production Research, Agrifood Research Finland, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd)
Subjects: model evaluation, dietary strategy, Animal Nutrition, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Ruminant, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], atténuation, Forage, methane emission, ruminant, Beef cattle, Enteric methane, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Fodder, Dry matter, méthane, Animal nutrition, hedging, Model evaluation, Dairy cattle, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Dietary strategy, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diervoeding, 13. Climate action, marsh gas, Methane emission, WIAS, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, performance
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of existing models predicting enteric methane (CH) emissions, using a large database (3183 individual data from 103 in vivo studies on dairy and beef cattle, sheep and goats fed diets from different countries). The impacts of dietary strategies to reduce CH emissions, and of diet quality (described by organic matter digestibility (dOM) and neutral-detergent fiber digestibility (dNDF)) on model performance were assessed by animal category. The models were first assessed based on the root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) to standard deviation of observed values ratio (RSR) to account for differences in data between models and then on the RMSPE. For dairy cattle, the CH (g/d) predicting model based on feeding level (dry matter intake (DMI)/body weight (BW)), energy digestibility (dGE) and ether extract (EE) had the smallest RSR (0.66) for all diets, as well as for the high-EE diets (RSR = 0.73). For mitigation strategies based on lowering NDF or improving dOM, the same model (RSR = 0.48 to 0.60) and the model using DMI and neutral- and acid-detergent fiber intakes (RSR = 0.53) had the smallest RSR, respectively. For diets with high starch (STA), the model based on nitrogen, ADF and STA intake presented the smallest RSR (0.84). For beef cattle, all evaluated models performed moderately compared with the models of dairy cattle. The smallest RSR (0.83) was obtained using variables of energy intake, BW, forage content and dietary fat, and also for the high-EE and the low-NDF diets (RSR = 0.84 to 0.86). The IPCC Tier 2 models performed better when dietary STA, dOM or dNDF were high. For sheep and goats, the smallest RSR was observed from a model for sheep based on dGE intake (RSR = 0.61). Both IPCC models had low predictive ability when dietary EE, NDF, dOM and dNDF varied (RSR = 0.57 to 1.31 in dairy, and 0.65 to 1.24 in beef cattle). The performance of models depends mostly on explanatory variables and not on the type of data (individual vs. treatment means) used in their development or evaluation. Some empirical models give satisfactory prediction error compared with the error associated with measurement methods. For better prediction, models should include feed intake, digestibility and additional information on dietary concentrations of EE and structural and nonstructural carbohydrates to account for different dietary mitigating strategies., This study is part of the Joint Programming Initiative on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change (FACCE-JPI)’s “GLOBAL NETWORK” project and the “Feeding and Nutrition Network” (http://animalscience.psu.edu/fnn) of the Livestock Research Group within the Global Research Alliance for Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (www.globalresearchalliance.org). Authors gratefully acknowledge funding for this project from: USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Grant no. 2014-67003-21979) University of California, Davis Sesnon Endowed Chair Program, USDA, and Austin Eugene Lyons Fellowship (University of California, Davis); Funding from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Federal Appropriations under Project PEN 04539 and Accession number 1000803, DSM Nutritional Products (Basel, Switzerland), Pennsylvania Soybean Board (Harrisburg, PA, USA), Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (Burlington, VT, USA), and PMI Nutritional Additives (Shoreview, MN, USA); the Ministry of Economic Affairs (the Netherlands; project BO-20-007-006; Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases), the Product Board Animal Feed (Zoetermeer, the Netherlands) and the Dutch Dairy Board (Zoetermeer, the Netherlands); The Cofund for Monitoring & Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases from Agri- and Silvi-culture (FACCE ERA-GAS)’s project Capturing Effects of Diet on Emissions from Ruminant Systems and the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (AF-EU-18010 & BO-4400159-01); USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Hatch Multistate NC-1042 Project Number NH00616-R; Project Accession Number 1001855) and the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station (Durham, NH); French National Research Agency through the FACCE-JPI program (ANR-13-JFAC-0003-01); the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland Agricultural GHG Research Initiative for Ireland (AGRI-I) project; Academy of Finland (No. 281337), Helsinki, Finland; Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland; the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra; UK); Defra, the Scottish Government, DARD, and the Welsh Government as part of the UK’s Agricultural GHG Research Platform projects (www.ghgplatform.org.uk); INIA (Spain, project MIT01-GLOBALNET-EEZ); German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMBL) through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE); Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science (SITES) at Röbäcksdalen Research Station; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Grant Nos. 11110410 and 1151355) and Fondo Regional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (FTG/RF-1028-RG); European Commission through SMEthane (FP7-SME-262270).
Published: 2019
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7. Are traded forest tree seeds a potential source of nonnative pests?

Author: Martin Hartmann, Salome Schneider, Iva Franić, Alain Roques, Eric Allan, Wyatt Williams, René Eschen, Richard A. Sniezko, Niklaus J. Grünwald, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, Simone Prospero, Marc Kenis, CABI Europe Switzerland, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture - US Forest Service, Partenaires INRAE, and Oregon Department of Agriculture
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Forests, seed trade, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, pathways risk assessment, Gymnosperm, food, Botany, Animals, Phytosanitary certification, Larva, insect pests, pest risk assessment, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, food and beverages, Sowing, phytosanitary risk, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Megastigmus, Cecidomyiidae, North America, Seeds, Curculio, fungal pathogens, PEST analysis, alien pests
Abstract: International audience; The international seed trade is considered relatively safe from a phytosanitary point of view and is therefore less regulated than trade in other plants for planting. However, the pests carried by traded seeds are not well known. We assessed insects and fungi in 58 traded seed lots of 11 gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species from North America, Europe, and Asia. Insects were detected by X-raying and molecular methods. The fungal community was characterized using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and by growing fungi on non-selective agar. About 30% of the seed lots contained insect larvae. Gymnosperms contained mostly hymenopteran (Megastigmus spp.) and dipteran (Cecidomyiidae) larvae, while angiosperms contained lepidopteran (Cydia latiferreana) and coleopteran (Curculio spp.) larvae. HTS indicated the presence of fungi in all seed lots and fungi grew on non-selective agar from 96% of the seed lots. Fungal abundance and diversity were much higher than insect diversity and abundance, especially in angiosperm seeds. Almost 50% of all fungal exact sequence variants (ESVs) found in angiosperms were potential pathogens, in comparison with around 30% of potentially pathogenic ESVs found in gymnosperms. The results of this study indicate that seeds may pose a greater risk of pest introduction than previously believed or accounted for. A rapid risk assessment suggests that only a small number of species identified in this study is of phytosanitary concern. However, more research is needed to enable better risk assessment, especially to increase knowledge about the potential for transmission of fungi to seedlings and the host range and impact of identified species.
Published: 2019
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8. Milk composition, but not cheese properties, are impaired the day after transhumance to alpine pastures

Author: Joel Berard, Madeline Koczura, Massimo De Marchi, Germano Turille, Michael Kreuzer, B. Martin, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut Agricole Régional, Partenaires INRAE, Universita di Padova, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Bovine milk, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0402 animal and dairy science, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Sour taste, Biology, 040401 food science, 040201 dairy & animal science, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Milking, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Cow milk, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Animal science, fluids and secretions, Milk fat, Composition (visual arts), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Food quality, Somatic cell count, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Short-term effects of transhumance to high altitude were investigated in Valdostana bovine milk and Fontina cheeses. The study included samples taken at each milking on days 1, 2 and 5 after transhumance compared with 5 days before; individual cow milk was collected and bulk milk was manufactured to cheese. Somatic cell count and milk fat content increased the day immediately after transhumance. In bulk milk, transhumance effects were less pronounced. Except for sour taste, no clear trend for impaired composition or sensory properties was observed in the cheeses produced on the day after transhumance and ripened for 115 days. Milking time and, with that, manufacturing time influenced milk and cheese quality, leading to higher fat and more melting cheeses in the evening. These results allow better characterisation of the changes during this transition and will help farmers to tackle the difficulties in producing cheese during this period.
Published: 2019
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9. Covariations between plant functional traits emerge from constraining parameterization of a terrestrial biosphere model

Author: Georg Wohlfahrt, Marc Peaucelle, Damiano Gianelle, Nicolas Delpierre, Dan Yakir, Philippe Ciais, Timo Vesala, Sylvain Kuppel, Eric Dufrêne, Mark A. Sutton, Thomas Kolb, Nicolas Vuichard, Cédric Bacour, Andreas Ibrom, Ladislav Šigut, Lutz Merbold, Sebastian Wolf, Leonardo Montagnani, Anders Lindroth, Nina Buchmann, Jiquan Chen, Carsten Gruening, Josep Peñuelas, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Tomomichi Kato, Stefano Minerbi, Andrej Varlagin, Beverly E. Law, Ivan Mammarella, Cristina Gimeno-Colera, Ankur R. Desai, Richard Joffre, Nicolas Viovy, Lukas Hörtnagl, Carole Helfter, Peter D. Blanken, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOVELTIS [Sté], ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Environmental Sciences [Toledo USA], University of Toledo, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], University of Wisconsin-Madison, Centro di Ecologia Alpina, Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Joint Research Centre, Edinburgh Research Station, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano Servizi Forestali, Servizi Forestali, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, Department of Physics [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Physics, Institute of Ecology, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Kiel University, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, University of Innsbruck, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), VU University Amsterdam, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Hokkaido University, McGill University, A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, and Weizmann Institute of Science
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biosphere model, Optimization, Eddy covariance, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Terrestrial model, Data assimilation, FluxNet, Ecosystem model, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, ORCHIDEE, Plant functional traits, Ecosystem, Plant acclimatation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, SDG 15 - Life on Land, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biosphere, 15. Life on land, Assimilation, Trait, Environmental science, Plant acclimation
Abstract: Aim: The mechanisms of plant trait adaptation and acclimation are still poorly understood and, consequently, lack a consistent representation in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). Despite the increasing availability of geo-referenced trait observations, current databases are still insufficient to cover all vegetation types and environmental conditions. In parallel, the growing number of continuous eddy-covariance observations of energy and CO2 fluxes has enabled modellers to optimize TBMs with these data. Past attempts to optimize TBM parameters mostly focused on model performance, overlooking the ecological properties of ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological consistency of optimized trait-related parameters while improving the model performances for gross primary productivity (GPP) at sites.Location: Worldwide. Time period: 1992–2012. Major taxa studied: Trees and C3 grasses. Methods: We optimized parameters of the ORCHIDEE model against 371 site-years of GPP estimates from the FLUXNET network, and we looked at global covariation among parameters and with climate. Results: The optimized parameter values were shown to be consistent with leaf-scale traits, in particular, with well-known trade-offs observed at the leaf level, echoing the leaf economic spectrum theory. Results showed a marked sensitivity of trait-related parameters to local bioclimatic variables and reproduced the observed relationships between traits and climate. Main conclusions: Our approach validates some biological processes implemented in the model and enables us to study ecological properties of vegetation at the canopy level, in addition to some traits that are difficult to observe experimentally. This study stresses the need for: (a) implementing explicit trade-offs and acclimation processes in TBMs; (b) improving the representation of processes to avoid model-specific parameterization; and (c) performing systematic measurements of traits at FLUXNET sites in order to gather information on plant ecophysiology and plant diversity, together with micro-meteorological conditions.
Published: 2019
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10. Invited review: Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques

Author: Michael Kreuzer, David R. Yáñez-Ruiz, Angela Schwarm, Pierre Noziere, Alexander N. Hristov, Ali R. Bayat, Jan Dijkstra, Pekka Huhtanen, Mark McGee, André Bannink, Ermias Kebreab, K. J. Shingfield, Christopher K. Reynolds, Zhongtang Yu, Les A. Crompton, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Reading (UOR), Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Animal Nutrition Group, University of California, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2014-67003-21979 NH00616-R, Department of Animal Science and College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, INIA (Spain) MIT01-GLOBALNET-EEZ, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (the Netherlands), GRA project BO-43-003.02.004, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (The Netherlands), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Pennsylvania State University, Federal Office for Agriculture (Switzerland), USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, The Netherlands, INIA, 2014-67003-21979, NH00616-R, MIT01-GLOBALNET-EEZ, and BO-43-003.02.004
Subjects: Nitrogen balance, Animal Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Biology, nitrogen, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Rumen, Nutrient, Animal science, Ruminant, Genetics, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Animal nutrition, Animal Husbandry, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Animal Nutrition Sciences, ruminant animal, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ruminants, technique, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Manure, Animal Feed, Diervoeding, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, manure, WIAS, Animal Science and Zoology, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Essential nutrient, environment, metabolism, Food Science
Abstract: Nitrogen is a component of essential nutrients critical for the productivity of ruminants. If excreted in excess, N is also an important environmental pollutant contributing to acid deposition, eutrophication, human respiratory problems, and climate change. The complex microbial metabolic activity in the rumen and the effect on subsequent processes in the intestines and body tissues make the study of N metabolism in ruminants challenging compared with nonruminants. Therefore, using accurate and precise measurement techniques is imperative for obtaining reliable experimental results on N utilization by ruminants and evaluating the environmental impacts of N emission mitigation techniques. Changeover design experiments are as suitable as continuous ones for studying protein metabolism in ruminant animals, except when changes in body weight or carryover effects due to treatment are expected. Adaptation following a dietary change should be allowed for at least 2 (preferably 3) wk, and extended adaptation periods may be required if body pools can temporarily supply the nutrients studied. Dietary protein degradability in the rumen and intestines are feed characteristics determining the primary AA available to the host animal. They can be estimated using in situ, in vitro, or in vivo techniques with each having inherent advantages and disadvantages. Accurate, precise, and inexpensive laboratory assays for feed protein availability are still needed. Techniques used for direct determination of rumen microbial protein synthesis are laborious and expensive, and data variability can be unacceptably large; indirect approaches have not shown the level of accuracy required for widespread adoption. Techniques for studying postruminal digestion and absorption of nitrogenous compounds, urea recycling, and mammary AA metabolism are also laborious, expensive (especially the methods that use isotopes), and results can be variable, especially the methods based on measurements of digesta or blood flow. Volatile loss of N from feces and particularly urine can be substantial during collection, processing, and analysis of excreta, compromising the accuracy of measurements of total-tract N digestion and body N balance. In studying ruminant N metabolism, nutritionists should consider the longer term fate of manure N as well. Various techniques used to determine the effects of animal nutrition on total N, ammonia- or nitrous oxide-emitting potentials, as well as plant fertilizer value, of manure are available. Overall, methods to study ruminant N metabolism have been developed over 150 yr of animal nutrition research, but many of them are laborious and impractical for application on a large number of animals. The increasing environmental concerns associated with livestock production systems necessitate more accurate and reliable methods to determine manure N emissions in the context of feed composition and ruminant N metabolism., The authors acknowledge support for preparation of this manuscript by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, grant/award number: 2014-67003-21979, NH00616-R, the Department of Animal Science and College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University; the Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, INIA (Spain, project MIT01-GLOBALNETEEZ); Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); and Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (the Netherlands), GRA project BO-43-003.02.004
Published: 2019
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11. Dynamic many-process applications on many-tile embedded systems and HPC clusters: The EURETILE programming environment and execution platforms

Author: Robert Lajos Buecs, Devendra Rai, Lothar Thiele, Nicolas Fournel, Francesca Lo Cicero, Elena Pastorelli, Ottorino Frezza, Piero Vicini, Alessandro Lonardo, Clément Deschamps, Pierluigi Paolucci, Laura Tosoratto, Michele Martinelli, Luis Gabriel Murillo, Davide Rossetti, Ashraf El-Antably, Andrea Biagioni, Lars Schor, Frédéric Rousseau, Iuliana Bacivarov, Jan Henrik Weinstock, Rainer Leupers, Roberto Ammendola, Francesco Simula, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Techniques de l'Informatique et de la Microélectronique pour l'Architecture des systèmes intégrés (TIMA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for integrated systems Architecture (TIMA), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Process (computing), Software development, Fault tolerance, 02 engineering and technology, Supercomputer, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, PACS 8542, Software, Debugging, Computer architecture, Hardware and Architecture, Embedded system, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Programming paradigm, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Software system, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business, media_common
Abstract: International audience; In the next decade, a growing number of scientific and industrial applications will require power-efficient systems providing unprecedented computation, memory, and communication resources. A promising paradigm foresees the use of heterogeneous many-tile architectures. The resulting computing systems are complex: they must be protected against several sources of faults and critical events, and application programmers must be provided with programming paradigms, software environments and debugging tools adequate to manage such complexity. The EURETILE (European Reference Tiled Architecture Experiment) consortium conceived, designed, and implemented: 1- an innovative many-tile, many-process dynamic fault-tolerant programming paradigm and software environment, grounded onto a lightweight operating system generated by an automated software synthesis mechanism that takes into account the architecture and application specificities; 2- a many-tile heterogeneous hardware system, equipped with a high-bandwidth, low-latency, point-to-point 3D-toroidal interconnect. The inter-tile interconnect processor is equipped with an experimental mechanism for systemic fault-awareness; 3- a full-system simulation environment, supported by innovative parallel technologies and equipped with debugging facilities. We also designed and coded a set of application benchmarks representative of requirements of future HPC and Embedded Systems, including: 4- a set of dynamic multimedia applications and 5- a large scale simulator of neural activity and synaptic plasticity. The application benchmarks, compiled through the EURETILE software tool-chain, have been efficiently executed on both the many-tile hardware platform and on the software simulator, up to a complexity of a few hundreds of software processes and hardware cores.
Published: 2016
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12. Combining spectroscopic and isotopic techniques gives a dynamic view of phosphorus cycling in soil

Author: Chiara Pistocchi, Emmanuel Frossard, Michael S. Massey, Peter M. Vitousek, Federica Tamburini, Ruben Kretzschmar, Julian Helfenstein, Oliver A. Chadwick, Christian von Sperber, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn], Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Swiss National Science Foundation (Project number 200021_162422), and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Life Science, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, Phosphorus, Extraction (chemistry), Biogeochemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, Phosphorus cycling, 15. Life on land, Phosphate, Speciation, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, lcsh:Q, Cycling
Abstract: Current understanding of phosphorus (P) cycling in soils can be enhanced by integrating previously discrete findings concerning P speciation, exchange kinetics, and the underlying biological and geochemical processes. Here, we combine sequential extraction with P K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and isotopic methods (33P and 18O in phosphate) to characterize P cycling on a climatic gradient in Hawaii. We link P pools to P species and estimate the turnover times for commonly considered P pools. Dissolved P turned over in seconds, resin-extractable P in minutes, NaOH-extractable inorganic P in weeks to months, and HCl-extractable P in years to millennia. Furthermore, we show that in arid-zone soils, some primary mineral P remains even after 150 ky of soil development, whereas in humid-zone soils of the same age, all P in all pools has been biologically cycled. The integrative information we provide makes possible a more dynamic, process-oriented conceptual model of P cycling in soils., Our understanding of phosphorus (P) cycling in soils, a basis for many ecosystem services, has been limited by the complexity of P forms and processes. Here the authors use spectroscopic and isotopic techniques to estimate turnover times of P pools and tease apart biologically-driven and geochemically-driven P fluxes.
Published: 2018
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13. Palaeoclimate constraints on the impact of 2 °c anthropogenic warming and beyond

Author: Martin Ziegler, Johannes Sutter, Thibaut Caley, Katarzyna Marcisz, Giuseppe Cortese, Maria Fernanda Sanchez Goñi, Anne de Vernal, Jacqueline Austermann, Alessio Rovere, Katrin J. Meissner, Carlo Barbante, Basil A. S. Davis, Paul J. Valdes, Anders E. Carlson, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Samuel L Jaccard, Jesper Sjolte, Eric W. Wolff, Stéphane Affolter, Sarah A. Finkelstein, Willy Tinner, Nerilie J. Abram, Thomas Felis, Zicheng Yu, Kelsey A. Dyez, Heinz Wanner, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Max D. Holloway, Alan C. Mix, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Qing Yan, Paul Gierz, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Anne-Laure Daniau, Victor Brovkin, Erin L McClymont, Michal Kucera, Patricio A. Velasquez Alvárez, Daniele Colombaroli, Christoph C. Raible, Emilie Capron, Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas, Michael Sarnthein, Julia Gottschalk, Hubertus Fischer, Liping Zhou, Jennifer R. Marlon, Julien Emile-Geay, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Marie-France Loutre, Brian F. Cumming, Daniel J. Lunt, Philippe Martinez, Jennifer Saleem Arrigo, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Thomas F. Stocker, Hendrik Vogel, Fortunat Joos, Pepijn Johannes Bakker, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Climate Change Research Centre [Sydney] (CCRC), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Australian National University (ANU), Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre for Ice and Climate [Copenhagen], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, University of Toronto, Department of Geography (UNIVERSITé DE DURHAM), Durham University, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), GNS Science [Lower Hutt], GNS Science, Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), University of Southern California (USC), University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System, Past Global Changes International Project Office (PAGES), Past Global Changes International Project Office, School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University [New Haven], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Uni Research Climate, Uni Research Ltd, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), National Coordination Office, Washington, Institute of Geosciences [Kiel], Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University [Lund], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Institute of Geography [Bern], Nansen-Zhu International Research Center (NZC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Lehigh University [Bethlehem], Department of Earth Sciences [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, University of Peking, Peking University [Beijing], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, Wolff, Eric [0000-0002-5914-8531], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, sub-01, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), 3705 Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice cores climate, Paleoclimatology, Ecosystem, Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analitica, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 13 Climate Action, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Global warming, 37 Earth Sciences, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Radiative forcing, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Greenhouse gas, Climatology, Polar amplification, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Climate model, Ice sheet
Abstract: International audience; Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming were forced differently than future anthropogenic change, such periods can provide insights into potential future climate impacts and ecosystem feedbacks, especially over centennial-to-millennial timescales that are often not covered by climate model simulations. Our observation-based synthesis of the understanding of past intervals with temperatures within the range of projected future warming suggests that there is a low risk of runaway greenhouse gas feedbacks for global warming of no more than 2 °C. However, substantial regional environmental impacts can occur. A global average warming of 1–2 °C with strong polar amplification has, in the past, been accompanied by significant shifts in climate zones and the spatial distribution of land and ocean ecosystems. Sustained warming at this level has also led to substantial reductions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, with sea-level increases of at least several metres on millennial timescales. Comparison of palaeo observations with climate model results suggests that, due to the lack of certain feedback processes, model-based climate projections may underestimate long-term warming in response to future radiative forcing by as much as a factor of two, and thus may also underestimate centennial-to-millennial-scale sea-level rise.
Published: 2018
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14. Assimilating phenology datasets automatically across ICOS ecosystem stations

Author: Hufkens, Koen, Filippa, Gianluca, Cremonese, Edoardo, Migliavacca, Mirco, D'Odorico, Petra, Peichl, Matthias, Gielen, Bert, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Soudani, Kamel, Papale, Dario, Rebmann, Corinna, Brown, Tim, Wingate, Lisa, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (MPIB), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Tuscia University, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Research School of Biology, and Australian National University (ANU)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biology, ICOS, near-surface remote sensing, proximal sensing, digital repeat photography, phenology, protocol
Abstract: The presence or absence of leaves within plant canopies exert a strong influence on the carbon, water and energy balance of ecosystems. Identifying key changes in the timing of leaf elongation and senescence during the year can help to understand the sensitivity of different plant functional types to changes in temperature. When recorded over many years these data can provide information on the response of ecosystems to long-term changes in climate. The installation of digital cameras that take images at regular intervals of plant canopies across the Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem stations will provide a re- liable and important record of variations in canopy state, colour and the timing of key phenological events. Here, we detail the procedure for the implementation of cameras on Integrated Carbon Observation System flux towers and how these images will help us understand the impact of leaf phenology and ecosystem function, distinguish changes in canopy structure from leaf physiology and at larger scales will assist in the validation of (future) remote sensing products. These data will help us improve the representation of phenological responses to climatic variability across Integrated Carbon Observation System stations and the terrestrial biosphere through the improvement of model algorithms and the provision of validation datasets. ISSN:0236-8722 ISSN:2300-8725
Published: 2018
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15. Prediction of enteric methane production, yield and intensity of beef cattle using an intercontinental database

Author: Nico Peiren, Mark McGee, Zhongtang Yu, Sang Suk Lee, Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho, Ali R. Bayat, Alexandre Berndt, Telma Teresinha Berchielli, Kristin E Hales, Angela Schwarm, André Bannink, E. Charmley, N. Andy Cole, Jan Dijkstra, Maguy Eugène, Cécile Martin, Ermias Kebreab, Carol Anne Duthie, David R. Yáñez-Ruiz, M. Niu, Michael Kreuzer, John Rooke, Les A. Crompton, David P. Casper, Christopher K. Reynolds, Juliana Duarte Messana, Padraig O'Kiely, Martin Hünerberg, Tim A. McAllister, Henk J. van Lingen, Alexander N. Hristov, Mariana Caetano, P. I. Hynd, Alex V. Chaves, Federal Office for Agriculture (Switzerland), European Commission, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine (Ireland), Department of Animal science, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Farmer’s Business Network, Animal Science Department, University of Tabriz [Tabriz], Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, University of Adelaide, Department of Animal and Veterinary Bioscience, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Suncheon National University, Research and Development, EMBRAPA Southeast Livestock, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading (UOR), Milk Production, Production Systems, Natural resources institute Finland, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin-CSIC, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen / Aeres University of Applied Sciences, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Furst McNess Company, FACCE-JPI program Global Network (ANR-13-JFAC-0003-01), Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), University of California, Farmer's Business Network Inc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), SRUC, The University of Adelaide, Université Clermont Auvergne, Dunsany, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Animal Sciences Unit, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, USDA-ARS, Sunchon National University, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), University of Reading, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Estación Experimental del Zaidin (CSIC), The Ohio State University, Wageningen University & Research, The Pennsylvania State University, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, bovin, Animal Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forage, Beef cattle, computer.software_genre, 7. Clean energy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Dietary variables, Yield (wine), Linear regression, Dry matter, méthane, Empirical modeling, Geographical region, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, base de données, Ecology, Database, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, prediction, Forage content, Diervoeding, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, international, marsh gas, Methane emission, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, WIAS, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, computer, Intensity (heat transfer), Predictive modelling
Abstract: Enteric methane (CH) production attributable to beef cattle contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. Reliably estimating this contribution requires extensive CH emission data from beef cattle under different management conditions worldwide. The objectives were to: 1) predict CH production (g d animal), yield [g (kg dry matter intake; DMI)] and intensity [g (kg average daily gain)] using an intercontinental database (data from Europe, North America, Brazil, Australia and South Korea); 2) assess the impact of geographic region, and of higher- and lower-forage diets. Linear models were developed by incrementally adding covariates. A K-fold cross-validation indicated that a CH production equation using only DMI that was fitted to all available data had a root mean square prediction error (RMSPE; % of observed mean) of 31.2%. Subsets containing data with ≥25% and ≤18% dietary forage contents had an RMSPE of 30.8 and 34.2%, with the all-data CH production equation, whereas these errors decreased to 29.3 and 28.4%, respectively, when using CH prediction equations fitted to these subsets. The RMSPE of the ≥25% forage subset further decreased to 24.7% when using multiple regression. Europe- and North America-specific subsets predicted by the best performing ≥25% forage multiple regression equation had RMSPE of 24.5 and 20.4%, whereas these errors were 24.5 and 20.0% with region-specific equations, respectively. The developed equations had less RMSPE than extant equations evaluated for all data (22.5 vs. 23.2%), for higher-forage (21.2 vs. 23.1%), but not for the lower-forage subsets (28.4 vs. 27.9%). Splitting the dataset by forage content did not improve CH yield or intensity predictions. Predicting beef cattle CH production using energy conversion factors, as applied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, indicated that adequate forage content-based and region-specific energy conversion factors improve prediction accuracy and are preferred in national or global inventories., Authors gratefully acknowledge project funding from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Federal Appropriations under Project PEN 04539 and Accession number 1000803; the Joint Programming Initiative on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change (FACCE-JPI)’s ‘GLOBAL NETWORK’ project and the ‘Feeding and Nutrition Network’ (http://animalscience.psu.edu/fnn) of the Livestock Research Group within the Global Research Alliance for Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (www.globalresearchalliance.org); the Sesnon Endowed Chair program (UC Davis); the Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland; AHDB Beef and Lamb, the Scottish Government, Defra and the devolved administrations through the UK Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Inventory Research Platform; French National Research Agency through the FACCE-JPI program (ANR-13-JFAC-0003-01); the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science, (Project No. PJ013448012018), RDA, Republic of Korea; the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Carbon Farming Futures Action on the Ground program; AOTGR2-0400); the financial support of the Reducing Emissions from Livestock Research Program, the National Livestock Methane Program, Meat and Livestock Australia, CSIRO and Ridley AgriProducts Pty, Ltd; the Institute of Science and Technology in Animal Science (INCTCA 465377/2014-9), the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM), Ireland (AGRI-I project); European Commission through SMEthane (FP7‐SME‐262,270); Beef Cattle Research Council of the Canadian Cattlemen’s Association; the Cofund for Monitoring & Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases from Agri- and Silvi-culture (FACCE ERA-GAS)’s project Capturing Effects of Diet on Emissions from Ruminant Systems and the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (AF-EU-18010 & BO-4400159-01).
Published: 2018
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16. Sampling and collecting foliage elements for the determination of the foliar nutrients in ICOS ecosystem stations

Author: Loustau, Denis, Altimir, Nuria, Barbaste, Mireille, Gielen, Bert, Marañón Jiménez, Sara, Klumpp, Katja u INRA. Unité de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Linder, Sune, Matteucci, Giorgio, Merbold, Lutz, Op de Beeck, Maarten, Soulé, Patrice, Thimonier, Anne, Vincke, Caroline, Waldner, Peter, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Department of Physics, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Unité de service et de recherches en analyses végétales et environnementales (USRAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), and Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences)
Subjects: cycle du carbone, LEAF-AREA, ASSIMILATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ICOS, foliage nutrient content, protocol, leaf mass-to-area ratio, 114 Physical sciences, SOIL HETEROGENEITY, SEASONAL PATTERNS, FAGUS-SYLVATICA, Protocol, NITROGEN CONCENTRATION, Biology, Leaf mass-to-area ratio, 4112 Forestry, écosystème terrestre, CONSEQUENCES, Foliage nutrient content, VARIABILITY, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, GROWTH, nutrition végétale, PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY
Abstract: The nutritional status of plant canopies in terms of nutrients (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) exerts a strong influence on the carbon cycle and energy balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, in order to account for the spatial and temporal variations in nutritional status of the plant species composing the canopy, we detail the methodology applied to achieve consistent time-series of leaf mass to area ratio and nutrient content of the foliage within the footprint of the Integrated Carbon Observation System Ecosystem stations. The guidelines and defi-nitions apply to most terrestrial ecosystems. ISSN:0236-8722 ISSN:2300-8725
Published: 2018
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17. Biological processes dominate phosphorus dynamics under low phosphorus availability in organic horizons of temperate forest soils

Author: Éva Mészáros, Chiara Pistocchi, Federica Tamburini, Emmanuel Frossard, Else K. Bünemann, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture - Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), and Swiss National Science Foundation [SNF project 200021E-149130].
Subjects: Mineralization, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isotopic dilution, Soil Science, Radioisotope tracing, Sequential extraction, 33P, Litter addition, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Soil quality, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Chemistry, Soil organic matter, Temperate forest, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Mineralization (soil science), 15. Life on land, Plant litter, P-33, Microbial population biology, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the mechanisms underlying phosphorus (P) availability is important to predict forest productivity in a changing environment. We quantified P fluxes and traced P from plant litter into inorganic and organic soil P pools in organic horizons from two contrasting temperate forest soils with low and high inorganic P availability, respectively. We incubated the two organic horizons with and without litter after labelling the soil solution with P-33 and performed sequential extractions at several time points in order to trace P dynamics in labile (water extractable, available and microbial P) and non-labile (non-living organic P, P bound to iron and aluminium and P bound to calcium) pools. Under low P availability, P fluxes were dominated by gross P mineralization, and microbial P immobilization accounted for up to 95% of gross P mineralization. Additionally, labile P in plant litter was rapidly incorporated into microbial P and only a small fraction ended up in the non-labile inorganic P pools. In contrast, P fluxes under high P availability were dominated by abiotic processes, particularly by fast (within 10 days) sorption/desorption reactions between the available P and the P bound to aluminium. These findings support the hypothesis that under low P availability biological processes control P fluxes. The observed tight cycling of P, with little efflux due to net P mineralization, suggests that the mineralization of organic P is driven by microbial P demand, and that the microbial community could compete with plants for available P.
Published: 2018
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18. ORCHIDEE-PEAT (revision 4596), a model for northern peatland CO2, water, and energy fluxes on daily to annual scales

Author: Qiu, C., Zhu, D., Ciais, P., Guenet, B., Krinner, G., Peng, S., Aurela, M., Bernhofer, C., Bruemmer, C., Bret-Harte, S., Chu, H., Chen, J., Desai, A.R., Dusek, J., Euskirchen, E.S., Fortuniak, K., Flanagan, L.B., Friborg, T., Grygoruk, M., Gogo, S., Gruenwald, T., Hansen, B.U., Holl, D., Humphreys, E., Hurkuck, M., Kiely, G., Klatt, J., Kutzbach, L., Largeron, C., Laggoun-Defarge, F., Lund, M., Lafleur, P.M., Li, X., Mammarella, I., Merbold, L., Nilsson, M.B., Olejnik, J., Ottosson-Lofvenius, M., Oechel, W., Parmentier, F.-J.W., Peichl, M., Pirk, N., Peltola, O., Pawlak, W., Rasse, D., Rinne, J., Shaver, G., Schmid, H.P., Sottocornola, M., Steinbrecher, R., Sachs, T., Urbaniak, M., Zona, D., Ziemblinska, K., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement [2017-2019] (IGE [2017-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Dresden], Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska [Anchorage], Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Matters and Energy Fluxes, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Łódz ́], University of Lódź, University of Lethbridge, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), University of Hamburg, Carleton University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Cork], University College Cork (UCC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University [Aarhus], School of the Environment – Geography, Trent University, Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan' University of Life Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences-Poznan University of Life Sciences, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), PIVOTS project of the Région Centre – Val de Loire (ARD 2020 program and CPER 2015–2020)., ANR-10-LABX-100-01/10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Physics, and Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles
Subjects: 1171 Geosciences, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE, HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, Peatlands, 114 Physical sciences, Carbon, LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM, ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION, CHANGING CLIMATE CONDITIONS, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], LAND-SURFACE MODEL, ddc:550, NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION, TEMPERATE BOG, Earth Sciences, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450, Hydrology, INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES
Abstract: Peatlands store substantial amounts of carbon and are vulnerable to climate change. We present a modified version of the Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model for simulating the hydrology, surface energy, and CO2 fluxes of peatlands on daily to annual timescales. The model includes a separate soil tile in each 0.5° grid cell, defined from a global peatland map and identified with peat-specific soil hydraulic properties. Runoff from non-peat vegetation within a grid cell containing a fraction of peat is routed to this peat soil tile, which maintains shallow water tables. The water table position separates oxic from anoxic decomposition. The model was evaluated against eddy-covariance (EC) observations from 30 northern peatland sites, with the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) being optimized at each site. Regarding short-term day-to-day variations, the model performance was good for gross primary production (GPP) (r2 = 0.76; Nash–Sutcliffe modeling efficiency, MEF = 0.76) and ecosystem respiration (ER, r2 = 0.78, MEF = 0.75), with lesser accuracy for latent heat fluxes (LE, r2 = 0.42, MEF = 0.14) and and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE, r2 = 0.38, MEF = 0.26). Seasonal variations in GPP, ER, NEE, and energy fluxes on monthly scales showed moderate to high r2 values (0.57–0.86). For spatial across-site gradients of annual mean GPP, ER, NEE, and LE, r2 values of 0.93, 0.89, 0.27, and 0.71 were achieved, respectively. Water table (WT) variation was not well predicted (r2 Vcmax and latitude (temperature), which better reflects the spatial gradients of annual NEE than using an average Vcmax value.
Published: 2018
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19. Molecular Mechanisms of Stem Cell Pluripotency and Cell Fate Specification

Author: Findlay, Greg, David, Laurent, Beyer, Tobias, The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit [Dundee, UK] (School of Life Sciences), University of Dundee, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Structure fédérative de recherche François Bonamy (SFR François Bonamy), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes (IRS-UN), Cellular and Tissular Imaging Core Facility of Nantes (MicroPICell), Université de Nantes (UN), Department of Biology [Zürich, Switzerland], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, and Le Bihan, Sylvie
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

20. Elemental composition of natural nanoparticles and fine colloids in European forest stream waters and their role as phosphorus carriers

Author: Gottselig, N., Amelung, W., Kirchner, J.W., Bol, R., Eugster, W., Granger, S. J., Hernandez-Crespo, C., Herrmann, F., Keizer, J.J., Korkiakoski, M., Laudon, H., Lehner, I., Lofgren, S., Lohila, A., Macleod, C.J.A., Molder, M., Müller, C., Nasta, P., Nischwitz, V., Paul-Limoges, E., Pierret, M. C., Pilegaard, K., Romano, N., Sebastia, M. T., Voltz, Marc, Vereecken, H., Siemens, J., Klumpp, E., Agrosphere, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Universidade de Aveiro, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lund University [Lund], The James Hutton Institute, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Analytics (ZEA-3), Partenaires INRAE, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Engineering, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Universitat de Lleida, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), This project was partly funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG KL2495/1-1), Lund University, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Biogeochemical cycling of elements largely occurs in dissolved state, but many elements may also be bound to natural nanoparticles (NNP, 1-100 nm) and fine colloids (100-450 nm). We examined the hypothesis that the size and composition of stream water NNP and colloids vary systematically across Europe. To test this hypothesis, 96 stream water samples were simultaneously collected in 26 forested headwater catchments along two transects across Europe. Three size fractions (similar to 1-20 nm, >20-60 nm, and >60 nm) of NNP and fine colloids were identified with Field Flow Fractionation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an organic carbon detector. The results showed that NNP and fine colloids constituted between 2 +/- 5% (Si) and 53 +/- 21% (Fe; mean +/- SD) of total element concentrations, indicating a substantial contribution of particles to element transport in these European streams, especially for P and Fe. The particulate contents of Fe, Al, and organic C were correlated to their total element concentrations, but those of particulate Si, Mn, P, and Ca were not. The fine colloidal fractions >60 nm were dominated by clay minerals across all sites. The resulting element patterns of NNP
Published: 2017
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21. Carbon isotope discrimination during branch photosynthesis of Fagus sylvatica: field measurements using laser spectrometry

Author: Lisa Wingate, Patrick Sturm, Jérôme Ogée, Nina Buchmann, Lydia Gentsch, Peter Plüss, Albin Hammerle, Alexander Knohl, Matti Barthel, Thomas Baur, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Tofwerk AG, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Institut Paul Scherrer (IPS), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], and Marie Curie Excellence grant from the European Commission to AK (MEXT-CT-2006-042268) and benefited from a COST-SIBAE Short-term Scientific mission grant to LG (COST-STSM-ECOST-STSM-ES0806-280211-005035)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fagus sylvatica, Fagus sylvatic, Physiology, Vapour Pressure Deficit, laser spectrometers, Plant Science, photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, stem respiration, Botany, Fagus, branch bags, Isotopologue, Photosynthesis, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Carbon Isotopes, Laser spectrometry, Plant Stems, biology, Lasers, Spectrum Analysis, Diurnal temperature variation, Temperate forest, Plant Transpiration, Branch bags, CO2, Laser spectrometers, Leaf gas exchange, Open chambers, Photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination, Stem respiration, Carbon Dioxide, open chambers, biology.organism_classification, leaf gas exchange, Plant Leaves, Isotopes of carbon, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Journal of Experimental Botany, 65 (6), ISSN:1460-2431, ISSN:0022-0957
Published: 2014
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22. A role for the microtubule +end protein Bik1 (CLIP170) and the Rho1 GTPase in Snc1 trafficking

Author: Alain Nicolas, Fabrice Caudron, Cécile Boscheron, Annie Andrieux, Laetitia Kurzawa, Marine Mugnier, Laurence Aubry, Sophie Loeillet, Charlotte Peloso, Eric Denarier, [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Institut de Biosciences et de Biotechnologies de Grenoble (ex-IRTSV) (BIG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Biology [Zürich, Switzerland], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Dynamique de l'information génétique : bases fondamentales et cancer (DIG CANCER), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Curie-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Échelle (BGE - UMR S1038), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ARC 7927 grant to AA, and by the INCA 'TetraTips' to AA (PLBIO10-030), ANR Tyr-TIPs (Blan07-2_187328),ANR Tyr-TIPs (Blan07-2_187328), [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), ANR-07-BLAN-0045,Tyr-TIPs,Cell regulations at microtubule +ends: shifting from a Darwinist to a deterministic view of microtubule organization and of cell morphogenesis(2007), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Denarier, Eric, and Blanc - Cell regulations at microtubule +ends: shifting from a Darwinist to a deterministic view of microtubule organization and of cell morphogenesis - - Tyr-TIPs2007 - ANR-07-BLAN-0045 - BLANC - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microtubule-associated protein, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Dynein, Endocytic cycle, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, macromolecular substances, tyrosination, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Microtubules, 03 medical and health sciences, Microtubule, trafficking, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, fungi, +Tips, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Transport protein, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Tubulin, biology.protein, Kinesin, Rho1, CLIP170
Abstract: The diversity of microtubule functions is dependent on the status of tubulin C-termini. To address the physiological role of the C-terminal aromatic residue of α-tubulin, a tub1-Glu yeast strain expressing an α-tubulin devoid of its C-terminal amino acid was used to perform a genome-wide-lethality screen. The identified synthetic lethal genes suggested links with endocytosis and related processes. In the tub1-Glu strain, the routing of the v-SNARE Snc1 was strongly impaired, with a loss of its polarized distribution in the bud, and Abp1, an actin patch or endocytic marker, developed comet-tail structures. Snc1 trafficking required dynamic microtubules but not dynein and kinesin motors. Interestingly, deletion of the microtubule plus-end-tracking protein Bik1 (a CLIP170 ortholog), which is preferentially recruited to the C-terminal residue of α-tubulin, similarly resulted in Snc1 trafficking defects. Finally, constitutively active Rho1 rescued both Bik1 localization at the microtubule plus-ends in tub1-Glu strain and a correct Snc1 trafficking in a Bik1-dependent manner. Our results provide the first evidence for a role of microtubule plus-ends in membrane cargo trafficking in yeast, through Rho1- and Bik1-dependent mechanisms, and highlight the importance of the C-terminal α-tubulin amino acid in this process.
Published: 2016
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23. Familiarity with photostimulated bucks does not decrease the sexual response of anestrous goats exposed to the male effect

Author: Munoz, Alfonso, Bedos, Marie, Arona, Rodrigo Manuel, Vielma, Jesús, Moussu, Chantal, Briefer, Elodie, Chemineau, Philippe, Keller, Matthieu, Delgadillo, José Alberto, ProdInra, Migration, Centro de Investigacion en Reproduccion Caprina, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, ANUIES-SEP-CONACyT n°233532, ECOS, International Organisation on Animal Reproduction. FRA., and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2016

24. Linking carbon isotope signatures of nighttime leaf-respiratory and daytime assimilatory CO2 fluxes observed with laser spectrometry under field conditions

Author: Gentsch, Lydia, Ogée, Jérôme, Wingate, Lisa, Sturm, Patrick, Siegwolf, Rolf, Werner, Roland A., Buchmann, Nina, Knohl, Alexander, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Institut Paul Scherrer (IPS), and European Geosciences Union (EGU). DEU.
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, spectrométrie, carbone atmosphérique, fagus sylvatica, Milieux et Changements globaux, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, respiration végétale
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

25. Modélisation des réseaux sociaux

Author: Sueur, Cedric, Perony, Nicolas, Amblard, Fredéric, Guillaume, Jean-Loup, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Informatique, Image et Interaction - EA 2118 (L3I), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Cédric Sueur, and Guillaume, Jean-Loup
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO.INFO-SI] Computer Science [cs]/Social and Information Networks [cs.SI], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-SI]Computer Science [cs]/Social and Information Networks [cs.SI]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

26. Changing precipitation pattern alters soil microbial community response to wet-up under a Mediterranean-type climate

Author: Catherine A Osborne, Mary K. Firestone, Romain L. Barnard, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California (UC), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Monash University, Kearney Soil Science Foundation, European Project: 219357,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF,PPEPSI(2009), and University of California
Subjects: Wet season, Mediterranean climate, Technology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate, Rain, rDNA, Biology, Microbiology, Grassland, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, Soil, Dry season, rRNA, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Soil Microbiology, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bacteria, Ecology, Fungi, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Carbon Dioxide, Biological Sciences, soil COE efflux, Climate Action, Microbial population biology, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, mediterranean grassland, Original Article, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Infection, Soil microbiology, rpoB, birch effect, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: © 2015 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved. A large soil CO2pulse is associated with rewetting soils after the dry summer period under a Mediterranean-type climate, significantly contributing to grasslands' annual carbon budget. Rapid reactivation of soil heterotrophs and a pulse of available carbon are both required to fuel the CO2pulse. Understanding of the effects of altered summer precipitation on the metabolic state of indigenous microorganisms may be important in predicting changes in carbon cycling. Here, we investigated the effects of extending winter rainfall into the normally dry summer period on soil microbial response to a controlled rewetting event, by following the present (DNA-based) and potentially active (rRNA-based) soil bacterial and fungal communities in intact soil cores (from a California annual grassland) previously subjected to three different precipitation patterns over 4 months (full summer dry season, extended wet season and absent dry season). Phylogenetic marker genes for bacteria and fungi were sequenced before and after rewetting, and the abundance of these genes and transcripts was measured. After having experienced markedly different antecedent water conditions, the potentially active bacterial communities showed a consistent wet-up response. We found a significant positive relation between the extent of change in the structure of the potentially active bacterial community and the magnitude of the CO2pulse upon rewetting dry soils. We suggest that the duration of severe dry summer conditions characteristic of the Mediterranean climate is important in conditioning the response potential of the soil microbial community to wet-up as well as in framing the magnitude of the associated CO2pulse.
Published: 2015
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27. TNF-α and IGF1 modify the microRNA signature in skeletal muscle cell differentiation

Author: Meyer, Swanhild U, Thirion, Christian, Polesskaya, Anna, Bauersachs, Stefan, Kaiser, Sebastian, Krause, Sabine, Pfaffl, Michael W, Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), SIRION Biotech GmbH, Régulation post-transcriptionnelle de l’expression des gènes par les protéines se liant à l’ARN (RPTEG), Département Biologie des Génomes (DBG), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay (IBITECS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Department of Statistics, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München [München] ( TUM ), Régulation post-transcriptionnelle de l’expression des gènes par les protéines se liant à l’ARN ( RPTEG ), Département Biologie des Génomes ( DBG ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay ( IBITECS ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute ( ICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Myoblasts, Skeletal, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], microRNA, TNF-α, IGF1, Skeletal muscle cell, Expression profiling, Myoblast differentiation, Human, Murine, miRNA biogenesis, MAPK, Humans, ddc:610, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, Medical sciences, medicine, Cells, Cultured, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Research, Cell Differentiation, Cell Biology, MicroRNAs
Abstract: Background Elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α are common in chronic diseases or inherited or degenerative muscle disorders and can lead to muscle wasting. By contrast, IGF1 has a growth promoting effect on skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanisms mediating the effect of TNF-α and IGF1 on muscle cell differentiation are not completely understood. Muscle cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) which play a dominant role in this process. This study aims at elucidating how TNF-α or IGF1 regulate microRNA expression to affect myoblast differentiation and myotube formation. Results In this study, we analyzed the impact of TNF-α or IGF1 treatment on miRNA expression in myogenic cells. Results reveal that i) TNF-α and IGF1 regulate miRNA expression during skeletal muscle cell differentiation in vitro, ii) microRNA targets can mediate the negative effect of TNF-α on fusion capacity of skeletal myoblasts by targeting genes associated with axon guidance, MAPK signalling, focal adhesion, and neurotrophin signalling pathway, iii) inhibition of miR-155 in combination with overexpression of miR-503 partially abrogates the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on myotube formation, and iv) MAPK/ERK inhibition might participate in modulating the effect of TNF-α and IGF1 on miRNA abundance. Conclusions The inhibitory effects of TNF-α or the growth promoting effects of IGF1 on skeletal muscle differentiation include the deregulation of known muscle-regulatory miRNAs as well as miRNAs which have not yet been associated with skeletal muscle differentiation or response to TNF-α or IGF1. This study indicates that miRNAs are mediators of the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on myoblast differentiation. We show that intervention at the miRNA level can ameliorate the negative effect of TNF-α by promoting myoblast differentiation. Moreover, we cautiously suggest that TNF-α or IGF1 modulate the miRNA biogenesis of some miRNAs via MAPK/ERK signalling. Finally, this study identifies indicative biomarkers of myoblast differentiation and cytokine influence and points to novel RNA targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-015-0083-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2015
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28. O3 and NOx exchange

Author: Loubet, Benjamin, Ammann, Christof, Castell, Jean-François, Emberson, Lisa, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Kowalski, Andrew S., Laville, Patricia, Merbold, Lutz, Personne, Erwan, Stella, Patrick, Tuovinen, Jari-Petteri, Tuzet, Andree, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Air Pollution Climate Group, Agroscope, Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Huelva, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), and Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Abstract: This discussion was based on the background document “Review on modelling atmosphere-biosphere exchange of Ozone and Nitrogen oxides”, which reviews the processes contributing to biosphere-atmosphere exchange of O3 and NOx, including stomatal and non-stomatal exchange of O3 and NO, NO2.
Published: 2015

29. Global network for the development of nutrition-related strategies for mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from ruminant livestock

Author: Hristov, Alex N., Kebreab, Ermias, Yu, Z. T., Martin, Cécile, Eugène, Maguy, Yanez Ruiz, David, Shingfield, Kevin John, Ahvenjärvi , S., O'Kiely, Padraig, Reynolds, Chris K., Hammond, Kirsty J., Dijkstra, J., Bannink, A., Schwarm, Angela, Kreuzer, Michael, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Animal Production Research, Agrifood Research Finland, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, University of Reading (UOR), Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Livestock Research, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)
Subjects: oxyde nitreux, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], production animale, livestock, methane, nitrous oxide, mitigation, database, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ruminant, méthane, nutrition animale, élevage, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

30. Physiological controls of the isotopic time lag between leaf assimilation and soil CO2 efflux

Author: Nina Buchmann, Yann Salmon, Romain L. Barnard, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Agroécologie [Dijon], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stomatal conductance, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, stable carbon isotopes, transpiration, Soil respiration, Botany, Respiration, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ecosystem, 13C, Transpiration, 2. Zero hunger, Terrestrial biological carbon cycle, Carbon sink, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, photosynthates, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, caron transfer, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Ecosystem respiration, Agronomy and Crop Science, respiration, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: EA EcolDur CT3; International audience; Environmental factors and physiological controls on photosynthesis influence the carbon isotopic signature of ecosystem respiration. Many ecosystem studies have used stable carbon isotopes to investigate environmental controls on plant carbon transfer from above- to belowground. However, a clear understanding of the internal mechanisms underlying time-lagged responses of carbon isotopic signatures in ecosystem respiration to environmental changes is still lacking. This study addressed plant physiological controls on the transfer time of recently assimilated carbon from assimilation to respiration. We produced a set of six wheat plants with varying physiological characteristics, by growing them under a wide range of nitrogen supply and soil water content levels under standardised conditions. The plants were pulse-labelled with 13C-CO2, and the isotopic signature of CO2 respired in the dark by plants and soil was monitored continuously over two days. Stomatal conductance (gs) was strongly related to the rate of transfer of recently assimilated carbon belowground. The higher gs, the faster newly assimilated carbon was allocated belowground and the faster it was respired in the soil. Our results suggest that carbon sink strength of plant tissues may be a major driver of transfer velocity of recently assimilated carbon to plant respiratory tissues and soil respiration.
Published: 2014
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31. Flood pulses control soil nitrogen cycling in a dynamic river floodplain

Author: Jörg Luster, Klement Tockner, N. Pasquale, B. Huber, Romain L. Barnard, Patrick Schleppi, J. Shrestha, Pascal A. Niklaus, Emmanuel Frossard, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institute of Environmental Engineering, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Free University of Berlin (FU), ETH Competence Centre of Environment and Sustainability (CCES), and WSL
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, Nitrogen mineralization, geography.geographical_feature_category, Denitrification, Floodplain, Floodplain soils, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Sediment, Mineralization (soil science), 15. Life on land, Nitrification, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, parasitic diseases, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Alluvium, Flood pulse, Nitrogen cycle
Abstract: International audience; Flood pulses are major drivers of river-floodplain processes. We investigated their effects on soil nitrogen (N) transformations along a lateral gradient from the river to a mature alluvial forest in the Thur River floodplain (NE Switzerland). Selected N pools (ammonium and nitrate) and N transformations (mineralization, nitrification and denitrification) in the topsoils were repeatedly quantified over a period of six months. During this period, the floodplain was affected by two flood events of different magnitude. Our results showed a distinct difference in size and temporal changes of N pools and transformation rates among functional process zones (FPZs) differing in flooding disturbance. A strong temporary increase in N mineralization in a FPZ with young soil on the frequently flooded gravel bars was the most prominent flood-related effect. This was most likely related to the fast-flowing water during inundation that deposited fresh dispersed sediments with a coarse sandy texture containing highly bioavailable organic N, and/or stimulated the turnover of existing N by destroying sediment aggregates already present before the flood. Increased N mineralization appeared to stimulate coupled nitrification-denitrification in this FPZ during the drying phase. In the more stable FPZs, N mineralization was not strongly enhanced by flooding, whereas nitrification and denitrification were also increased during the drying phase, however to a lesser degree than in the gravel bar soils. Based on our results we propose that floodplain zones characterized by short intensive floods with fast over-flowing water are "hot spots" and the drying phases after the floods are "hot moments" of N transformations.
Published: 2014
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32. EURETILE Design Flow: Dynamic and Fault Tolerant Mapping of Multiple Applications Onto Many-Tile Systems

Author: Lars Schor, Robert Lajos Buecs, Luis Gabriel Murillo, Pierluigi Paolucci, Lothar Thiele, Devendra Rai, Nicolas Fournel, Laura Tosoratto, Ashraf El Antably, Piero Vicini, Rainer Leupers, Iuliana Bacivarov, Jan Henrik Weinstock, Frederic Rousseau, Torella, Lucie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for integrated systems Architecture (TIMA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Techniques de l'Informatique et de la Microélectronique pour l'Architecture des systèmes intégrés (TIMA), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hardware architecture, Computer science, business.industry, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Software development, System programming, PACS 8542, Computer architecture, Software fault tolerance, Reactive programming, N-version programming, Programming paradigm, Software design, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business
Abstract: International audience; EURETILE investigates foundational innovations in the design of massively parallel tiled computing systems by introducing a novel parallel programming paradigm and a multi-tile hardware architecture. Each tile includes multiple general-purpose processors, specialized accelerators, and a fault-tolerant distributed network processor, which connects the tile to the inter-tile communication network. This paper focuses on the EURETILE software design flow, which provides a novel programming environment to map multiple dynamic applications onto a many-tile architecture. The elaborated high-level programming model specifies each application as a network of autonomous processes, enabling the automatic generation and optimization of the architecture-specific implementation. Behavioral and architectural dynamism is handled by a hierarchically organized runtime-manager running on top of a lightweight operating system. To evaluate, debug, and profile the generated binaries, a scalable many-tile simulator has been developed. High system dependability is achieved by combining hardware-based fault awareness strategies with software-based fault reactivity strategies. We demonstrate the capability of the design flow to exploit the parallelism of many-tile architectures with various embedded and high performance computing benchmarks targeting the virtual EURETILE platform with up to 192 tiles.
Published: 2014

33. Field measurements of photosynthetic 13C discrimination of Fagus Sylvatica branches using laser spectrometry

Author: Gentsch, Lydia, Sturm, Patrick, Hammerle, Albin, Siegwolf, Rolf, Wingate, Lisa, Ogée, Jérôme, Barthel, Matthias, Plüss, Peter, Baur, Thomas, Buchmann, Nina, Knohl, Alexander, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs und Forschungsanstalt - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Partenaires INRAE, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], and Joint European Stable Isotope Users Group Meeting (JESIUM). Saisissez le nom du laboratoire, du service ou du département., Ville service.
Subjects: analyse bayésienne, analyse de données, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, fagus sylvatica, carbone 13, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, isotope, carbone, spectromètre laser
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

34. Eddy covariance measurement of ammonia fluxes: Comparison of high frequency correction methodologies

Author: G. Rana, P. Di Tommasi, Benjamin Loubet, T. Bertolini, Vincenzo Magliulo, Rossana Monica Ferrara, Pierre Cellier, Werner Eugster, Centre for Research for Agrobiology and Pedology, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, ISAFom, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Research Unit for Cropping Systems in Dry Environments, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Analyser, Eddy covariance, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Transfer function, QC-TILDAS, inductance, Flux (metallurgy), [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Anemometer, closed-path analyser, ammoniac, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Differential optical absorption spectroscopy, Far-infrared laser, Forestry, Ogive, ogive, Computational physics, 13. Climate action, transfer function, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: Several methods are available for evaluating and correcting the underestimation of trace gas fluxes measured by eddy covariance (EC) method and due to the design and the setup of the employed equipment. Different frequency correction factors (CF) to apply to the measured EC ammonia (NH3) fluxes have been applied using the following approaches: (i) the spectral theoretical transfer function (CFTheor) with and without phase shift; (ii) the in situ ogive method (CFO); and (iii) the inductance correction method (CFL). The NH3 fluxes were measured in an experimental field located in south Italy, above a sorghum crop submitted to Mediterranean semi-arid climate and fertilized with urea. A fast analyser based on Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (TILDAS) coupled with a quantum cascade (QC) laser was used to measure NH3 concentration at high frequency. The results showed that correction of the values of NH3 EC fluxes over natural surfaces are necessary for taking into account the dumping of high frequency contribution due to the coupling of ammonia fast analyser by QC-TILDAS and sonic anemometer. In particular, the calculated flux losses ranged between −23% (inductance method, with the CF threshold selected to 2.5) and −43% (experimental-ogive method); while the two theoretical transfer function approaches gave comparable loss estimates, i.e. −30 and −31% for the methods with time lag and phase shift, respectively.
Published: 2012
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35. Swiss maize (Zea mays L) landraces. Their genetic diversity and distinctiveness in a global comparison

Author: Freitag, Niclas, Schneider, David, Mir, Celine, Stamp, Peter, Hund, Andreas, Messmer, Rainer, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG, Bern, Switzerland) within the framework of the National Action Plan for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (NAP-PGREL)
Subjects: genetic resources, Swiss alleles, maize landraces (Zea mays L), [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, genetic diversity, phylogeny
Abstract: International audience; Swiss maize landraces are expected to be genetically diverse, as they have been cultivated in different climatic regions of Switzerland for almost 500 years. A core collection of 35 Swiss maize landraces was recently defined. This core collection was analyzed in the present study, with the objectives (i) to resolve genetic diversity and phylogeny of the core collection, (ii) to relate these results to those obtained in a worldwide collection of maize landraces, thereby (iii) analyzing separation and admixture and (iv) to identify unique alleles that were detected only in Swiss maize landraces (Swiss alleles). A high diversity (HT = 0.61) in an international comparison and many Swiss alleles pointed at the value of this core collection as a plant genetic resource. The genetic differentiation within the core collection was in very good accordance with the geographic separation caused by the Swiss Alps. The accessions grouped into three major clusters, two northern and a southern one. Additionally, landraces from Valais built an intermediate cluster, which is probably the result of hybridization between different European germplasm. Continuous maize cultivation in remote areas may have favored genetic drift and intentional selection by farmers and may have led to this particular cluster. In the international comparison, northern Swiss accessions were related to European and American Northern Flints, whereas southern Swiss accessions were closely related to southern European Flints (e.g. Italian Orange Flints). Some northern Swiss accession combined high diversity with many Swiss alleles, which may be valuable for broadening the European Flint pool.
Published: 2012

36. 7. L’usage des terres

Author: Christine Delire, Matthieu Guimberteau, Pierre Friedlingstein, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Katia Laval, Edouard Davin, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Exeter, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2011
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37. Evaluation of mathematical models to predict methane emissions from ruminants under different dietary mitigation strategies

Author: Mohammed Benaouda, Cécile Martin, Xinran Li, Ermias Kebreab, Alexander Nikolov Hristov, Zhongtang Yu, Yáñez-Ruiz, David R., Reynolds, Christopher K., Crompton, Les A., Jan Dijkstra, Bannink, A., Angela Schwarm, Michael Kreuzer, Mark McGee, Peter Lund, Anne Louise Frydendahl Hellwing, Martin Riis Weisbjerg, Moate, Peter J., Bayat, Ali R., Shingfield, Kevin J., Nico Peiren, Eugène, Maguy A., Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Animal Science, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Department of Animal Sciences, Microbiology, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Center for Dairy Research, Animal Science, University of Reading (UOR), Scool of Agriculture, Policy and Developement, Animal Nutrition Group, Animal Science, Wageningen University, Livestock research, Animal Science, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Veterinary Science, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Biology, SAMS, Berndt, Alexandre, Ribeiro, Luiz Gustavo Pereira, Abdalla, Adibe Luis, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: livestock, base de données, prediction equation, marsh gas, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], atténuation, nutritional practices, méthane, ruminant, hedging, enteric methane
Abstract: This study evaluated the ability of published models to predict enteric methane (CH4) emissions from dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and dairy goat, using a large database (3183 individual animal data). Models for each animal subcategory and CH4 dietary mitigating strategies of lipid or starch supplementation and of diet quality (described by organic matter digestibility and neutral-detergent fiber digestibility) were assessed. Models were ranked according to root mean square prediction error (RMSPE; % of observed mean) to standard deviation of observed values ratio (RSR) and RMSPE, using all data within each animal subcategory. For dairy cattle, CH4 emissions (g/day) were predicted with the smallest RSR using the model based on feeding level [dry matter intake (DMI)/body weight (BW)], digestibility of feed gross energy (dGE) and dietary ether extract (EE) content (RSR=0.66, RMSPE=15.6%). For beef cattle, the smallest RSR was obtained using GE intake, BW, forage and EE content (RSR=0.83, RMSPE=27.2%). For sheep and goat, there were limited published models; the smallest RSR was observed for a sheep model based on digestible energy intake (RSR = 0.61, RMSPE = 19.2%). IPCC Tier 2 models (1997; 2006) had low predictive ability for variation in dietary EE content, neutral detergent fiber content and organic matter digestibility (RMSPE 14.3-30.5% and 23.0-40.5% for dairy and beef cattle, respectively). No model predicted CH4 emissions accurately under all dietary mitigation strategies. Some models gave satisfactory predictions and for improved prediction, models should include feed intake, digestibility and information on dietary chemical composition.

38. Database construction for model comparisons of methane emissions by ruminants in relation to feed

Author: Xinran Li, Cécile Martin, Ermias Kebreab, Hristov, Alexander N., Yu, Z. T., Yáñez-Ruiz, David R., Reynolds, Christopher K., Les Crompton, Jan Dijkstra, André Bannink, Angela Schwarm, Michael Kreuzer, Marc Mcgee, Peter Lund, Hellwing, A. L., Weisbjerg, M. R., Peter Moate, Bayat, A. R., Shingfield, Kevin J., Nico Peiren, maguy EUGENE, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Animal Sciences, Microbiology, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Center for Dairy Research, Animal Science, University of Reading (UOR), School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Animal Nutrition Group, Animal Science, Wageningen University, Livestock research, Animal Science, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Animal Science, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Agriculture Victoria Research, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Nutritional Physiology, Green Technology, Natural resources institute Finland, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Global Network project, ANR-13-JFAC-0003-01, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)
Subjects: dietary strategy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], methane emission, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ruminant, Model evaluation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
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