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ABSTRACT Materials from renewable sources have been increasingly used in construction to assist in sustainable development. Therefore, the use of timber becomes an environmentally advantageous solution, especially if used for long-term purposes, such as in structures. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of glued-laminated timber frames reinforced in their main connections. The structures were made using timber from the Araucaria angustifolia species and polyurethane adhesive based on vegetable oils. The frames, on a reduced scale, had a pillar height and free span of 2 m and were reinforced in the connections between the roof beams and pillars. The rupture strength values of the structures averaged 38.02 kN, approximately 5.47 times the design load, and represented a 32% increase in strength compared to non-reinforced structures. The displacements did not reach the normative limit for the design load and presented a linear behavior for strengths higher than three times those of the design. The structures presented satisfactory structural behavior and had an improvement in resistance and rigidity caused by the addition of reinforcements.

ABSTRACT Background: In the past decades, endoscopic ultrasound has developed from a diagnostic tool to a platform for many therapeutic interventions. Various technological advancements have emerged since the last Brazilian Consensus, demanding a review and update of the recommendations based on the best scientific evidence. Methods: A group of 32 renowned echoendoscopists selected eight relevant topics to be discussed to generate clinical questions. After that, a literature review was conducted to answer these questions based on the most updated evidence. Results: Thirty-three statements were formulated and voted on by the experts to reach a consensus. The Oxford System was used to grade the level of evidence. Conclusion: There is moderate evidence to support that the needle shape, gauge, or aspiration technique does not influence the yield of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue sampling of pancreatic solid lesions. There is moderate evidence to support using EUS-TTNB of the cyst wall to differentiate between mucinous and non-mucinous cystic neoplasms. There is little evidence to support the EUS-guided treatment of gastric varices. There is a high level of evidence to support that EUS-guided biliary drainage and ERCP present similar outcomes in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction. There is a high level of evidence for using EUS to diagnose neoplastic pancreatic cysts and detect necrosis before indicating drainage. There is moderate evidence to support EUS-GE over duodenal stent for malignant gastric outlet obstruction in patients with a life expectancy higher than 2 months. There is a high level of evidence to support the use of RFA in treating both functioning and non-functioning types of NET.

Abstract In structural design practice and scientific research on flat slabs, estimating the punching shear resistance of slab-column connection with shear reinforcement involves checking the shear stress acting on a control perimeter outside the shear-reinforced zone. Depending on the arrangement chosen for the shear reinforcement, the design codes` recommendations can lead to different interpretations of the geometry of the external control perimeter, which are, in some cases, also complex to formulate into closed-form equations. Thus, it is common that, especially in hand-made estimates, the slab-column connections are drawn, and dimensions of the external control perimeters are individually measured and applied to the design equations. This paper presents equations developed for ABNT NBR 6118, Eurocode 2 and ACI 318 to account for the length of the control perimeter outside the shear-reinforced zone, allowing the automated calculation for different shear reinforcement arrangements. The different interpretations of the geometry of the external control perimeter of these design codes are discussed and clarified. The proposed equations were validated by comparing their results with those obtained from individual drawing analysis of 62 slab-column connections with varied geometries and shear reinforcement arrangements, and the maximum error was up to 0.1%. This paper significantly contributes to the automation and optimisation of the punching shear strength estimates of slab-column connections with shear reinforcement, clarifying obscure points and automating the definition of the geometry of the external control perimeter.

Abstract The advanced stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) may be related to individual factors, socioeconomic conditions, and healthcare service availability. The objective of the study was to analyze the prevalence of advanced stage CRC at the time of diagnosis and its association with individual, contextual, socioeconomic, and healthcare service indicators. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing cases of malignant neoplasms of the colon and rectum in individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 99 years, diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 in Brazil (n = 69,047). Data were collected from the Hospital Cancer Registry (HCR), Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, and from the National Registry of Health Institutions (NRHI). A Multilevel Poisson Regression model with random intercept was used. The prevalence of advanced stage CRC at diagnosis was 65.6%. Advanced stage was associated with older age groups prevalence ratio (PR) 4.40 and younger age groups (PR 1.84), low Human Development Index (HDI) (PR 1.22), and low density of family health strategy teams (PR 1.10). The study highlights the unequal distribution of social determinants of health in the diagnosis CRC in Brazil, revealing the need to evaluate and redirect public policies aimed at improving early detection and prevention of CRC in the country.

ABSTRACT The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others.

Abstract: For the propagation of guava seedlings to occur, it is necessary to address numerous factors, therefore, the objective was to verify the influence of the diameter and type of cut on the base of ‘Pedro Sato’ guava tree cuttings. Experiment I: implemented in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme, consisting of three types of cut at the base of the cutting and five biostimulant concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g L-¹). Experiment II: implemented in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, composed of two stem diameters (D1: 3 - 3,99 mm; D2: 4 - 4,99 mm) combined with five biostimulant concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g L-¹), and both experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with 4 replicates of 10 cuttings per plot. Considering the above, it could be concluded that the use of biostimulant increases the rooting rate. Cut with the removal of lateral portions at the base of the cutting promotes greater mortality, while evidencing less increase in root length. In experiment II, it was found that cuttings with diameter between 4 and 4.99 mm show greater survival rate at concentrations of 0 and 5 g L-¹, while cuttings with diameter between 3 and 3.99 mm have higher rooting rate at concentrations 0 and 5 g L-¹ but with high mortality rate at concentration of 5 g L-¹.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in Brazil, despite the availability of screening methods that reduce its risk. Colonoscopy is the only screening method that also allows therapeutic procedures. The proper screening through colonoscopy is linked to the quality of the exam, which can be evaluated according to quality criteria recommended by various institutions. Among the factors, the most used is the Adenoma Detection Rate, which should be at least 25% for general population. AIMS: To evaluate the quality of the screening colonoscopies performed in a quarternary private Brazilian hospital. METHODS: This is a retrospective study evaluating the quality indicators of colonoscopies performed at a private center since its inauguration. Only asymptomatic patients aged over 45 years who underwent screening colonoscopy were included. The primary outcome was the Adenoma Detection Rate, and secondary outcomes included polyps detection rate and safety profile. Subanalyses evaluated the correlation of endoscopic findings with gender and age and the evolution of detection rates over the years. RESULTS: A total of 2,144 patients were include with a mean age of 60.54 years-old. Polyps were diagnosed in 68.6% of the procedures. Adenoma detection rate was 46.8%, with an increasing rate over the years, mainly in males. A low rate of adverse events was reported in 0.23% of the cases, with no need for surgical intervention and no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that high quality screening colonoscopy is possible when performed by experienced endoscopists and trained nurses, under an adequate infrastructure.

O dossiê temático intitulado “Democratização da educação pública no Brasil: dilemas históricos, desafios e perspectivas atuais, buscou reunir artigos inéditos, oriundos de investigações de pesquisadores que apresentam reflexões históricas, críticas e dialógicas sobre a luta pela democratização da educação pública no Brasil nos diferentes níveis e modalidades da Educação Básica e no Ensino Superior. Propomos (re)pensar criticamente os interstícios da política neoconservadora e liberal de modo a colaborar com a construção de um projeto de educação democrática para o país.

ABSTRACT The worldwide main peach-producing are adopting peach training systems with canopy size-controlling clonal rootstocks. However, most peach seedlings commercialised in Brazil are still on seed-propagated rootstocks, which are vigorous and heterogeneous. This study aimed to select rootstocks which induce desirable characteristics of fruit quality, yield efficiency, size control, adaptability and stability in the ‘BRS-Kampai’ grown in subtropical regions with mild winters. We used adaptability and stability methodology and multivariate selection index to determine yield components and fruit quality. The experiment was conducted in five cycles. The treatments consisted of ‘BRS-Kampai’ grafted onto 17 clonal rootstocks of Prunus spp. and own-rooted trees. The evaluated variables were yield per tree, yield per area, fruit mass, fruit diameter, fruit firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, canopy volume and yield efficiency. The rootstocks ‘Ishtara®’, ‘Genovesa’, ‘Santa Rosa’ and ‘Cadaman’ always induced low yield and low fruit quality when used as clonal rootstocks for the ‘BRS-Kampai’ and showed no potential for use as rootstocks in subtropical humid regions with mild winters. The ‘BRS-Kampai’ own-rooted peach trees or those grafted onto ‘Flordaguard’, ‘Okinawa’ are alternatives for peach cultivation under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Pato Branco-PR, although the training and pruning systems must be adjusted due to high vigour. The clonal rootstocks ‘Tsukuba-3’ and ‘Tsukuba-2’ induced the highest production performance in the canopy cultivar BRS-Kampai, combining fruit quality, yield with higher stability, and yield efficiency making them the most suitable ones among the studied rootstocks.

This paper examines the comparative analysis of photovoltaic (PV) energy policies and data from Spain, Germany, and Brazil, focusing on understanding the factors influencing PV deployment and efficiency in these countries. This study identifies critical policy recommendations to enhance PV capacity, generation, and efficiency based on a comprehensive review of policy measures and statistical data from 2000 to 2022. These recommendations include prioritising legal stability and transition periods in policy implementation, addressing regional inequalities in PV deployment, and promoting the association of PV with other energy industries and sectors. Additionally, the study suggests the need for a strategic industrial policy to encourage domestic PV manufacturing, considering the potential benefits for economic development and employment.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a frequência e fatores associados a reposição de vitamina D e cálcio em idosos, residentes da zona urbana da cidade de Picos/Piauí. Consistiu de um estudo observacional do tipo transversal, cujos dados advém do Inquérito de Saúde de Base Populacional. Participou 143 idosos, residentes da zona urbana. Os dados coletados foram reposição de vitamina D e cálcio, sociodemográficos, percepção de saúde e estilo de vida, realizando análises estatísticas inferenciais. Os dados apontaram que mais da metade dos idosos realizavam exposição solar, porém não faziam reposição de vitamina D e cálcio. Foi observado que o sexo, escolaridade, estado de saúde e participação de atividades sociais são os principais fatores associados à reposição. Sugere-se que participar de grupos socias e ser do sexo feminino é fator de proteção para a saúde. Achados relevantes destacam a baixa reposição de vitamina D e cálcio entre a maioria dos idosos estudados, e que diversos fatores podem contribuir para esta condição.

The rise of “fast fashion” has driven up the production of low-cost, short-lived clothing, significantly increasing global textile fiber production and, consequently, exacerbating environmental pollution. This study investigated the ecotoxicological effects of different types of anthropogenic microfibers—cotton, polyester, and mixed fibers (50% cotton: 50% polyester)—on marine organisms, specifically sea urchin embryos. All tested fibers exhibited toxicity, with cotton fibers causing notable effects on embryonic development even at environmentally relevant concentrations. The research also simulated a scenario where microfibers were immersed in seawater for 30 days to assess changes in toxicity over time. The results showed that the toxicity of microfibers increased with both concentration and exposure duration, with polyester being the most toxic among the fibers tested. Although synthetic fibers have been the primary focus of previous research, this study highlights that natural fibers like cotton, which are often overlooked, can also be toxic due to the presence of harmful additives. These natural fibers, despite decomposing faster than synthetic ones, can persist in aquatic environments for extended periods. The findings underline the critical need for further research on both natural and synthetic microfibers to understand their environmental impact and potential threats to marine ecosystems and sea urchin populations.

Irrigated agriculture needs significant amounts of water for increasing irrigated areas to meet the increase food demand. New alternatives with high water use efficiency are needed to increase crop productivity. This work evaluates the use of plastic film mulch either as groundcover or as a percolation barrier to increase yields and water use efficiency of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.). An experiment was carried out with pineapple on a loamy sand-soil. The treatments were: (i) soil tillage with plastic film as groundcover combined with plastic film as a percolation barrier installed at 0.40 m below the soil surface; (ii) soil tillage with no groundcover combined with a percolation barrier; (iii) soil tillage with plastic film as groundcover only; (iv) soil tillage without groundcover and percolation barrier. The use of plastic mulch maintained the levels of soil water availability at least 80% during the crop cycle, while without it soil water values ranged from 15% to 70%. Groundcover with plastic mulch contributed significantly to decrease evapotranspiration and the medium crop coefficient. The plastic groundcover combined with or without the plastic percolation barrier yielded the better results of productivity, irrigation water productivity, and water footprint. The mean irrigation water productivity and water footprint were 667.12 kg mm−1 ha−1 and 109.0 L kg−1, respectively, for the use of a plastic groundcover combined with a plastic percolation barrier. The percolation barrier was more effective for saving water than for increasing yield. The use of percolation barrier with plastic contributed for saving 92–103 L kg−1 ha−1 when combined with or without ground cover.

Introductionhe challenge was to provide comprehensive health resources to a remote and underserved population living in the Brazil-Colombia-Peru border, amid the most disruptive global crisis of the century.MethodsIn August 2021, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Amazonia (FIOCRUZ Amazônia) and partner collaborators implemented an overarching provisional program for SARS-CoV-2 detection and lineages characterization, training of laboratory personnel and healthcare providers, donation of diagnostic supplies and personal protective equipment, and COVID-19 vaccination. The expedition was conducted at the Port of Tabatinga, a busy terminal with an intense flux of people arriving and departing in boats of all sizes, located in the Amazon River basin. Local government, non-profit organizations, private companies, and other stakeholders supported the intervention.ResultsThe expedition was accomplished in a convergence point, where migrant workers, traders, army personnel, people living in urban areas, and people from small villages living in riversides and indigenous territories are in close and frequent contact, with widespread cross-border movement. Using a boat as a provisional lab and storage facility, the intervention provided clinical and laboratory monitoring for 891 participants; vaccination for 536 individuals; personal protective equipment for 200 healthcare providers; diagnostic supplies for 1,000 COVID-19 rapid tests; training for 42 community health agents on personal protection, rapid test execution, and pulse oximeter management; and hands-on training for four lab technicians on molecular diagnosis.DiscussionOur experience demonstrates that multilateral initiatives can counterweigh the scarcity of health resources in underserved regions. Moreover, provisional programs can have a long-lasting effect if investments are also provided for local capacity building.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the occurrence, duration, and intensity of the flushes of vegetative growth in two peach cultivars of Prunus persica L. Batsch, grown as a pioneer endeavor at a high-altitude tropical climate site in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The observational experiment was carried out in 2017/18 and 2018/19 on the ‘Tropic Beauty’ and ‘BRS Kampai’ cultivars by an evaluation of the number and duration of flushes of vegetative growth during the year over two cycles. The number of fruit-bearing shoots, total number of leaves and shoot length were also assessed. At harvest, fruit load and diameter were determined and grouped into diameter ranges. The number of hours recorded at different temperature ranges, < 10.0 °C; 10.1-15.0 °C; 15.1-20.0 °C; 20.1-25.0 °C; > 25.1 °C, were summed separately and divided into daily and nightly periods. The peach tree has an unusual vegetative growth pattern when cultivated in a tropical area, which occurs in two flushes, with the first flush occurring from budbreak to fruit harvest between June and Sept, forming short shoots (less than 10 cm), with early shoot growth cessation, with a limited leaf number that can potentially diminish the supply of carbohydrates to the fruit, leading to smaller growth. The second flush occurs after harvest, between Oct and Dec, when there is an increase in daily temperature and precipitation, and no competition with fruits. Notabily, these second flush shoots grow with greater vigor and regularization of the growth cycle, forming fruit-bearing shoots with abundant leaf and flower buds for the next production cycle.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotypes developed by the Peach Breeding Program at the Federal University of Viçosa, as regards to resistance to M. incognita. Six rootstocks genotypes propagated by cuttings (713-07, 713-13, 913-3, 913-6, 913-11 and 913-17) and two rootstocks propagated by seeds (‘Okinawa’ and hybrid between scion cultivars Aurora 2 x Aurora 1), were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized block design with five replicates and one plant per experimental units. After establishing the plants in pot, maintained in a greenhouse, this were inoculated with 11.000 juveniles + eggs of M. incognita. Evaluations were performed at 140 days after inoculation. The roots were evaluated and the number of galls and egg mass in the roots were determined. The eggs were extracted from each plant for quantification and determination of the Reproduction Factor (RF) of the nematode. The peach genotypes 913-3, 913-6, 913-11, 913-17 and 713-7 showed an immune reaction to M. incognita. Genotype 713-13 showed susceptible reaction to M. incognita. The hybrid between scion cultivars Aurora 2 x Aurora 1 confirmed susceptible.

We evaluated the longitudinal dynamics of antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CoronaVac and the effect of a booster dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. We found a robust antibody response after the second dose of CoronaVac that wanes over time. The response was recovered by BNT162b2, which boosted anti-spike antibody titers.

In a recent study, our research group demonstrated that the essential oil of Ocotea odorifera (EOOO) and its major compound safrole potentiated the action fluoroquinolones, modulating bacterial resistance possibly due to direct inhibition of efflux pumps. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether these treatments could enhance the activity of gentamicin and erythromycin against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The EOOO was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antibiotic-enhancing effect of the EOOO and safrole against MDR strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was analyzed by the broth microdilution method. The chemical analysis confirmed the presence of safrole as a major component among the 16 compounds identified in the EOOO. Both the essential oil and the isolated compound showed clinically relevant antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Regarding the modulation of antibiotic resistance, the EOOO was found to enhance the activity of erythromycin against the strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, as well as improving the action of gentamicin against S. aureus. On the other hand, safrole potentiated the activity of gentamicin against the S. aureus strain alone. It is concluded, therefore, that the EOOO and safrole can enhance the activity of macrolides and aminoglycosides, and as such are useful in the development of therapeutic tools to combat bacterial resistance against these classes of antibiotics.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a associação entre uso de drogas e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal de adolescentes em três cidades brasileiras. Método: estudo transversal, aninhado em um ensaio controlado randomizado para avaliar o programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas em escolas brasileiras #TamoJunto2.0 do Ministério da Saúde. A amostra foi de 5.213 alunos de 73 escolas de três cidades brasileiras. O desfecho satisfação corporal foi analisado por meio da escala de Silhuetas de Stunkard e as variáveis explicativas foram o uso de drogas e dados sociodemográficos. Resultados: os adolescentes tinham entre 12 e 14 anos e cerca de 69,9% relataram insatisfação corporal, e no último ano 35,67% utilizaram álcool. A insatisfação por sobrepeso foi maior nas meninas (41,5%) e por baixo peso nos meninos (33,1%). Os adolescentes que usavam maconha apresentaram 39% (OR=1,39) mais chance de insatisfação por baixo peso e ser menina aumentou em 24% (OR=1,24) as chances de insatisfação por sobrepeso. Conclusão: os níveis de insatisfação corporal merecem atenção no cuidado de enfermagem hebiátrica e reforçam a necessidade de estratégias educativas abordando a imagem corporal e uso de drogas, a relacionando aos vários atributos subjetivos que podem afetar a saúde dos adolescentes, seja na comunidade ou escola.

A produção e a reprodução da realidade humano-social dependem, necessariamente, da existência da memória, pois é esta última que assegura, também, que o processo de desenvolvimento histórico não seja um eterno começar de novo. Entrementes, seria difícil entender como a aquisição das memórias se realiza sem, concomitantemente, atentar-se para o fato de que ela ocorre efetivamente no âmbito da vida cotidiana. Do mesmo modo, é crucial observar a importância que as categorias da imitação e da assimilação possuem para o desenvolvimento da memória. Portanto, o presente artigo busca evidenciar a intricada relação existente entre memória, assimilação, imitação e como elas são operacionalizadas na estrutura da vida cotidiana.

ABSTRACT Studies that seek to identify a smaller number of soil attributes that represent others can generate less expenditure of time and financial resources for monitoring cultivated areas. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution and spatial autocorrelation of physical attributes of an Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, Brazilian Soil Classification System). The evaluated attributes consisted of soil density (SD), total porosity (TP), free porosity (FP), field capacity (FC), permanent wilt point (PW), and total water availability (TW). Semivariogram adjustments and semivariance estimates were performed to characterize the structure and magnitude of the spatial dependence of soil attributes. The attributes were distributed on thematic maps and the spatial autocorrelation was estimated by the Moran index, which quantifies the degree of autocorrelation. TP showed a high positive correlation with PWP. Soil TW showed a high positive correlation with SD and a high negative correlation with FP. In turn, FP showed a high negative correlation with SD. The results showed spatial dependence for all attributes, standing out the apparent soil density and permanent wilt point, which were good evaluators of strong spatial dependence.

In this article, it is presented a critical mapping of the legislative proposals in progress in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Federal Senate related to affirmative actions in education, with emphasis on color or race. It is identified that most of the proposals negatively impact the sub-quotes for black and indigenous people, either through the suppression of the ethnic-racial sub-quota, or through the combined use of criteria for other social groups, notably income. It is remarkable that no proposal in the pipeline advocates affirmative action exclusively for subordinate racial groups. With regard to the revision of the Law n. 12,711/2012, scheduled for 2022, it is identified that the proposals presented so far do not aim to advance the current affirmative action policy, recommending its indefinite expiration date, at best.

This paper provided a list of all new Brazilian Hexapoda species described in 2020. Furthermore, based on the information extracted by this list, we tackled additional questions regarding the taxa, the specialists involved in the species descriptions as well as the journals in which those papers have been published. We recorded a total of 680 new Brazilian species of Hexapoda described in 2020, classified in 245 genera, 112 families and 18 orders. These 680 species were published in a total of 2019 articles comprising 423 different authors residing in 27 countries. Only 30% of these authors are women, which demonstrates an inequality regarding sexes. In relation to the number of authors by species, the majority of the new species had two authors and the maximum of authors by species was five. We also found inequalities in the production of described species regarding the regions of Brazil, with Southeast and South leading. The top 10 institutions regarding productions of new species have four in the Southeast, two at South and with one at North Region being the outlier of this pattern. Out of the total 219 published articles, Zootaxa dominated with 322 described species in 95 articles. The average impact factor was of 1.4 with only seven articles being published in Impact Factors above 3, indicating a hardship on publishing taxonomic articles in high-impact journals. The highlight of this paper is that it is unprecedent, as no annual record of Hexapoda species described was ever made in previous years to Brazil.

Native forests have been suffering changes, such as fragmentation and edge effect, and these have implications for the dynamics of carbon within the same fragment, differentiating vegetation and soil. In this way, the work aimed to evaluate the hydro-microbiological attributes of the soil in rainy and dry periods, as well as to indicate if there is an edge effect in a seasonal semideciduous forest fragment. The study was carried out in a forest fragment in the area of the State University of Goiás, Ipameri Campus, consisting of three transects divided into three blocks from the edge. Sampling was performed in two periods of the year, rainy and dry, to determine the gravimetric soil water content (UG), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), and the metabolic quotient (qCO2). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test), and when significant, the means were evaluated by the Tukey test at 5% probability. Response variations of microorganisms are closely related to the periods studied; the rainy season benefits the carbon incorporation activity, and the dry season stimulates the carbon release. Consequently, metabolic efficiency is more pronounced in the rainy season. The edge of the fragment only influenced the MBC, evidencing that disturbances caused at the extremity of fragment interfere with the C input in the microbial biomass.

This text analyzes the revision process of the São Luis, Maranhão Master Plan, which, approved in 2006 with the support of popular movements, is now at a time of social demobilization to express private capital interests in alliance with the state and municipal public authorities. Aiming to expand the international insertion of Maranhão, the proposal expands the urban perimeter as a strategy for millionaire businesses in a context of public fiscal crisis, threatening traditional rural communities and environmental resources under state and federal protection. After analyzing the process in the City Council and in Public Hearings, the text exposes the history of the master plan in São Luis, responsible for unequal urban structure of the city and notes the socio-environmental consequences of the current proposal, far beyond the control of outdated technical capacity and critical financial situation of municipal management.

Summary: Background: Observational studies have postulated a therapeutic role of metformin in treating COVID-19. We conducted an adaptive platform clinical trial to determine whether metformin is an effective treatment for high-risk patients with early COVID-19 in an outpatient setting. Methods: The TOGETHER Trial is a placebo-controled, randomized, platform clinical trial conducted in Brazil. Eligible participants were symptomatic adults with a positive antigen test for SARS-CoV-2. We enroled eligible patients over the age of 50 years or with a known risk factor for disease severity. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or metformin (750 mg twice daily for 10 days or placebo, twice daily for 10 days). The primary outcome was hospitalization defined as either retention in a COVID-19 emergency setting for > 6 h or transfer to tertiary hospital due to COVID-19 at 28 days post randomization. Secondary outcomes included viral clearance at day 7, time to hospitalization, mortality, and adverse drug reactions. We used a Bayesian framework to determine probability of success of the intervention compared to placebo. Findings: The TOGETHER Trial was initiated June 2, 2020. We randomized patients to metformin starting January 15, 2021. On April 3, 2021, the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee recommended stopping enrollment into the metformin arm due to futility. We recruited 418 participants, 215 were randomized to the metformin arm and 203 to the placebo arm. More than half of participants (56.0%) were over the age of 50 years and 57.2% were female. Median age was 52 years. The proportion of patients with the primary outcome at 28 days was not different between the metformin and placebo group (relative risk [RR] 1.14[95% Credible Interval 0.73; 1.81]), probability of superiority 0.28. We found no significant differences between the metformin and placebo group on viral clearance through to day 7 (Odds ratio [OR], 0.99, 95% Confidence Intervals 0.88–1.11) or other secondary outcomes. Interpretation: In this randomized trial, metformin did not provide any clinical benefit to ambulatory patients with COVID-19 compared to placebo, with respect to reducing the need for retention in an emergency setting or hospitalization due to worsening COVID-19. There were also no differences between metformin and placebo observed for other secondary clinical outcomes.

Abstract Numerical analysis of the behavior of piled rafts seated on uniform soil with low bearing capacity has been important to support the project design. The calibration of the numerical model with instrumented load test allows usage of the results, in given conditions, in the foundation design of small and medium-sized buildings built on soils with the same mechanical properties analyzed in this paper. In this context, this paper evaluates numerical models, which allow to consider the influence of short bored piles connected to the raft. The models are also assessed using piled rafts concepts. From the results obtained, the load supported by the total shaft resistance is significant for the case of bored piles, and this load is from 14% to 30% higher in the case more flexible or thinner raft. Inserting piles in the rafts reduces settlement and increases overall stiffness. Such effects are amplified in piles with higher slenderness ratios (L/d).

ABSTRACT The Amazonas was one of the most heavily affected Brazilian states by the COVID-19 epidemic. Despite a large number of infected people, particularly during the second wave associated with the spread of the Variant of Concern (VOC) Gamma (lineage P.1), SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in the Amazonas. To understand how SARS-CoV-2 persisted in a human population with a high immunity barrier, we generated 1,188 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from individuals diagnosed in the Amazonas state from 1st January to 6th July 2021, of which 38 were vaccine breakthrough infections. Our study reveals a sharp increase in the relative prevalence of Gamma plus (P.1+) variants, designated Pango Lineages P.1.3 to P.1.6, harboring two types of additional Spike changes: deletions in the N-terminal (NTD) domain (particularly Δ144 or Δ141-144) associated with resistance to anti-NTD neutralizing antibodies or mutations at the S1/S2 junction (N679K or P681H) that probably enhance the binding affinity to the furin cleavage site, as suggested by our molecular dynamics simulations. As lineages P.1.4 (S:N679K) and P.1.6 (S:P681H) expanded (Re > 1) from March to July 2021, the lineage P.1 declined (Re

Summary: Background: Recent evidence indicates a potential therapeutic role of fluvoxamine for COVID-19. In the TOGETHER trial for acutely symptomatic patients with COVID-19, we aimed to assess the efficacy of fluvoxamine versus placebo in preventing hospitalisation defined as either retention in a COVID-19 emergency setting or transfer to a tertiary hospital due to COVID-19. Methods: This placebo-controlled, randomised, adaptive platform trial done among high-risk symptomatic Brazilian adults confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 included eligible patients from 11 clinical sites in Brazil with a known risk factor for progression to severe disease. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either fluvoxamine (100 mg twice daily for 10 days) or placebo (or other treatment groups not reported here). The trial team, site staff, and patients were masked to treatment allocation. Our primary outcome was a composite endpoint of hospitalisation defined as either retention in a COVID-19 emergency setting or transfer to tertiary hospital due to COVID-19 up to 28 days post-random assignment on the basis of intention to treat. Modified intention to treat explored patients receiving at least 24 h of treatment before a primary outcome event and per-protocol analysis explored patients with a high level adherence (>80%). We used a Bayesian analytic framework to establish the effects along with probability of success of intervention compared with placebo. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04727424) and is ongoing. Findings: The study team screened 9803 potential participants for this trial. The trial was initiated on June 2, 2020, with the current protocol reporting randomisation to fluvoxamine from Jan 20 to Aug 5, 2021, when the trial arms were stopped for superiority. 741 patients were allocated to fluvoxamine and 756 to placebo. The average age of participants was 50 years (range 18–102 years); 58% were female. The proportion of patients observed in a COVID-19 emergency setting for more than 6 h or transferred to a teritary hospital due to COVID-19 was lower for the fluvoxamine group compared with placebo (79 [11%] of 741 vs 119 [16%] of 756); relative risk [RR] 0·68; 95% Bayesian credible interval [95% BCI]: 0·52–0·88), with a probability of superiority of 99·8% surpassing the prespecified superiority threshold of 97·6% (risk difference 5·0%). Of the composite primary outcome events, 87% were hospitalisations. Findings for the primary outcome were similar for the modified intention-to-treat analysis (RR 0·69, 95% BCI 0·53–0·90) and larger in the per-protocol analysis (RR 0·34, 95% BCI, 0·21–0·54). There were 17 deaths in the fluvoxamine group and 25 deaths in the placebo group in the primary intention-to-treat analysis (odds ratio [OR] 0·68, 95% CI: 0·36–1·27). There was one death in the fluvoxamine group and 12 in the placebo group for the per-protocol population (OR 0·09; 95% CI 0·01–0·47). We found no significant differences in number of treatment emergent adverse events among patients in the fluvoxamine and placebo groups. Interpretation: Treatment with fluvoxamine (100 mg twice daily for 10 days) among high-risk outpatients with early diagnosed COVID-19 reduced the need for hospitalisation defined as retention in a COVID-19 emergency setting or transfer to a tertiary hospital. Funding: FastGrants and The Rainwater Charitable Foundation. Translation: For the Portuguese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Os problemas de ordem prática na Matemática remontam praticamente ao seu início, mesmo ainda sem esta ser considerada como um corpo de conhecimentos. No caso da Geometria, a partir dos egípcios, com os problemas de medidas, ela tem se configurado como um ramo da Matemática com raízes eminentemente práticas. O termo “Geometria Prática” encontra-se apresentado sob dois aspectos: um relativo à atitude diante de um problema e outro ligado a um contexto educativo. O presente artigo é um recorte da parte histórica do trabalho de Santos (2020), com uma ampliação a respeito da Geometria Prática, sobre a qual visa apresentar um problema, conhecido como Problema de Ressecção ou, como é mais conhecido, Problema de Snell-Pothenot, em homenagem a Willebrord Snell (ca.1580-1626) e Laurent Pothenot (1650-1732). Trata-se de um problema de levantamento planar, em que são dadas as coordenadas dos três pontos e , e um observador, em um ponto desconhecido P, que observa o segmento sob um ângulo α e o segmento sob um ângulo β. Busca-se determinar a posição do ponto P. E ainda, de forma inversa mas inteiramente análoga, determinar a posição do ponto P, a partir de observações feitas dos pontos A, B e C. A apresentação é composta de um histórico sobre Willebrord Snell, pontuando aspectos importantes de sua vida, bem como de situações em que o problema teve origem. Segue-se então uma discussão a respeito do Problema de Ressecção, para depois fazermos um apanhado sobre Laurent Pothenot. Em seguida são apresentadas duas soluções desse problema, sendo uma delas classificada como moderna e outra como geométrica. O trabalho é finalizado com as considerações finais e referências.

Resumo Apresentamos os recursos linguísticos para a realização de perguntas polares em fa d’Ambô (FA), a partir de um corpus formado por dados obtidos na Guiné Equatorial. Discutimos o (i) uso da partícula interrogativa final a; e a (ii) associação de pitch-accent frasal à última mora da palavra prosódica final da sentença, com alteração do acento da palavra e elevação da entonação, padrão linguístico não documentado, embora previsto por Gordon (2014). A interrogativa faculta o uso da partícula a para perguntas polares, porém seu uso não é licenciado em perguntas-QU. Trabalhos anteriores não abordaram essa questão (Barrena, 1957; Post, 1995; Zamora, 2010) ou afirmaram que as interrogativas polares eram construídas como as declarativas (Post, 1995). Argumentamos que, em FA, palavras acentuadas ao final da sentença interrogativa polar diferem daquelas que ocorrem em outras posições e que o pitch-accent é atraído ao limite direito da sentença, padrão não documentado em uma língua de sistema top-down (Gordon, 2014). Destacando o fato de a partícula final a ocorrer em FA e em outros crioulos de base portuguesa do Golfo da Guiné, oferecemos evidências para sua presença no Proto-Crioulo do Golfo da Guiné, bem como da influência das línguas do substrato Níger-Congo, sobretudo aquelas do cinturão sudanês.

Introdução: Tanto o angiossarcoma esplênico quanto o linfoma não Hodgkin (LNH) de células B não só são raros como apresentam desafios diagnósticos. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 45 anos, obeso, sudorese noturna há um ano, e dor abdominal cíclica há dois, com clínica inicial de angiossarcoma, contudo, sob o exame histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico, mostrou tratar-se de LNH de células B com apresentação atípica. A ultrassonografia (US) de abdome total realizada ao início do sintoma de sudorese noturna não teve alterações. Após um ano, a US apresentou massa esplênica. Na ressonância magnética da região abdominal, constatou-se tumoração esplênica expansiva heterogênea no aspecto anterior, suspeita de angiossarcoma esplênico. Após esplenectomia total, pancreatectomia caudal e linfadenectomia retroperitoneal, o exame histopatológico mostrou neoplasia maligna pouco diferenciada extensamente necrótica substituindo o parênquima esplênico. O estudo imuno-histoquímico foi positivo para os marcadores CD20 em diversos focos, para o BCL2 e para o KI67 (em 95% dos núcleos das células neoplásicas). A histopatologia e a imuno-histoquímica foram compatíveis com o diagnóstico de LNH difuso de alto grau, com imunofenótipo B do baço, sem sinal de infiltração de tecidos adjacentes. Após a esplenectomia total e quatro ciclos de quimioterapia, o paciente estava livre do linfoma e sem sintomas. Conclusão: É de suma importância o reconhecimento do diagnóstico correto de neoplasias raras como a relatada. Tanto a clínica quanto os exames de imagem, mesmo que fundamentais, podem ser imprecisos, reiterando a importância dos exames histológico e imuno-histoquímico complementares.

Os conceitos de Memória, Lugar e Cidade são cada vez mais importantes no período atual e para o ensino de Geografia. A formação do professor passa pela apreensão e pelo conhecimento do lugar enquanto instância propícia às descobertas e ações no contexto urbano, em que a memória também exerce um papel relevante. Desta maneira, o objetivo principal do texto é uma discussão, baseada metodologicamente em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de análise em torno dos três conceitos já mencionados – Memória, Lugar, Cidade – no contexto da formação profissional e do campo de trabalho do professor de Geografia, apontando caminhos possíveis para a realização do que se designa aqui de Pedagogia da existência. Destaca-se a necessidade de análise na escola, de uma educação geográfica centrada nos saberes dos alunos, do seu cotidiano no lugar, considerando a esfera da proximidade, da vizinhança, do (re)conhecimento e da horizontalidade das relações afetivas entre os grupos dos quais participam, entendidas como caminho para o alcance da uma consciência crítica sobre a realidade a fim de transformá-la.

É necessário incrementar a inovação através do empreendedorismo acadêmico, fortalecendo a interação entre universidades e empresas, onde a pesquisa sobre modelos de cooperação é necessária. Há muito o que aprender por meio de ações desenvolvidas em outros países, que por meio de modelos emergentes, são uma excelente alternativa para melhorar a qualidade da educação e inovação. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar ações desenvolvidas por meio de um modelo emergente na Holanda, na Universidade de Twente, onde os princípios de interação universidade e empresa são eficientes. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas abordagens. Inicialmente uma pesquisa bibliométrica, identificando lacunas e tendências, seguida de uma apresentação de práticas da universidade realizadas através de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva. O resultado destas práticas apresenta um modelo que serve como benchmarking de interação, por meio de uma visão diferenciada que vai além da transferência usual de conhecimento universitário para a empresa, mas que estabelece formas de cooperação práticas e duradouras.

This paper aims to evaluate the suitability of the model developed by API (2007) in the indirect obtention of effective saturation curves for air-LNAPL systems in soils with lateritic characteristics and multimodal pore-size distribution, such as those found in different Brazilian territories. For this purpose, soil samples typical of the state of São Paulo were tested in order to determine the effective saturations of air-water and air-LNAPL systems from the hanging column test, as well as, filter paper method. The results showed typical retention curves of soils with multimodal pore size distribution, whether for air-water or air-LNAPL systems. Furthermore, obtaining effective air-LNAPL saturation curves from air-water systems were consistent, whenever trimodal capillary pressure models were used. Finally, as pointed out by Alfaro Soto and Chang (2015), it should be emphasized that the modification of prediction models of specific volumes of contaminants for remediation in tropical soils could be necessary due to their differentiated retention characteristics.

Congenital defects can cause changes in the normal function or morphology of organs, thus contributing to neonatal mortality. Malformations in dogs occur as a result of genetic factors or by the action of teratogenic agents during pregnancy. Genetic defects can be inherited from one or both parents. These defects are more common in purebred puppies or can even be the result of consanguinity. Teratogenic agents, such as toxins, drugs, infectious diseases, mechanical influences, and irradiation, may affect the litters during gestational development. Hypoplasia of ribs has been described in human newborns. It is a rare and lethal malformation of autosomal recessive inheritance that prevents thoracic expansion and reduces pulmonary compliance, causing respiratory failure. A pregnant bitch of undefined breed was submitted to caesarean section. At birth, a neonate exhibited respiratory distress, and the palpation of the thorax indicated absence of ribs. In addition, the newborn had cleft palate and cleft lip, which led to perform the euthanasia of the animal. Post-mortem examination indicated hypoplasia of ribs and unilateral renal agenesis. As in the canine neonate, hypoplasia of ribs in human newborns is also associated with other malformations, such as cleft lip, cleft palate, and urogenital defects. The present report describes the first case of hypoplasia of ribs associated with other malformations in a canine neonate, the cause being possibly related to a genetic hereditary factor.

ABSTRACT We register for first time the occurrence of Epipompilus tucumanus Evans, 1967 in Brazil, and record the spider Ariadna boliviana Simon, 1907 as its host. The observations were made in the National Park of Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The prey carriage mechanism is described for first time for this genus, and we provide a video showing this behavior.

Esta revisão apresenta os princípios de funcionamento de células solares orgânicas (OSCs). Esta classe de dispositivos fotovoltaicos vem sendo amplamente estudada e otimizada para uma futura comercialização devido às suas características optoeletrônicas, obtendo atualmente eficiência de conversão de energia, em laboratório, comparáveis às células solares comerciais inorgânicas. Este trabalho apresenta as características de células solares orgânicas, comparando com as de outras gerações de dispositivos fotovoltaicos bem como um detalhamento dos princípios de funcionamento de OSCs, com ênfase na geração de cargas livres a partir de polímeros conjugados.

O estudo versa sobre as modificações advindas do acréscimo do § 9º ao art. 2º da Lei 12.850, de 2 de agosto de 2013. Em razão da nova redação conferida pela Lei 13.964/2019, vedam-se a progressão de regime, o livramento condicional e outros benefícios prisionais aos condenados por integrarem organização criminosa ou por terem cometido crimes por meio de organização criminosa com a qual ainda mantenham vínculo associativo. A problemática consiste em identificar se a proibição de progressão de regime se assemelha a alguma modalidade de sistema penitenciário, se as referidas mudanças são constitucionais e se respeitam os direitos humanos. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na análise de normas, nacionais e internacionais, bem como na pesquisa de doutrina e jurisprudência. Ao final desse estudo, verifica-se que a nova lei se aproxima do sistema penitenciário pensilvânico ou celular; atende ao princípio da individualização da pena, sendo constitucional e compatível com o princípio da convencionalidade de normas internacionais, mormente com as Regras Mínimas das Nações Unidas para o Tratamento de Reclusos e a Convenção Contra a Tortura e Outros Tratamentos ou Penas Cruéis, Desumanos ou Degradantes.

ABSTRACT Soil respiration represents the largest flux of CO2 emission from terrestrial ecosystems, being affected by land-use changes and soil properties. There are few studies investigating the response of soil respiration to land-use changes in the Caatinga biome. This study aimed to measure soil respiration from Caatinga vegetation and degraded pasture, to verify the effect of land-use changes on soil respiration. Measurements of soil respiration were performed using the infrared gas analyzer method over nine months (in rainy and dry seasons), in Caatinga and degraded pasture in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco. The soil moisture, soil temperature, soil organic carbon (SOC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and climatic variables were also measured. Soil organic carbon and NDVI were higher in Caatinga than in degraded pasture, while the inverse occurred with soil temperature. The soil respiration showed a clear seasonal variation, with the highest values occurring in the wet season, being positively correlated with soil moisture and negatively with soil temperature. Soil respiration was significantly higher in the Caatinga (8.0 ton ha-1 yr-1 of C) than in degraded pasture (3.7 ton ha-1 yr-1 of C). These higher values of soil respiration in Caatinga were due to lower soil temperature and higher SOC, and can be seen as indicators of good environmental quality.

OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to compare the hydrogen potential (pH) and residual gastric volume (RGV) of patients undergoing colonoscopy after 3 and 6 hours of colon preparation with mannitol. METHODS: We described a prospective randomized trial with a 50:50 allocation rate of two distinct times of colonoscopy after colon preparation with 10% mannitol. We included outpatients aged over 18 years, with no history of gastric surgeries and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)-rated anesthetic risk below III. Colonoscopy was performed after upper digestive endoscopy at two different times: 3 versus 6-hour after mannitol ingestion. During upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, we measured RGV and evaluated pH with a digital pH meter. Clinical trials.gov: 71123317.9.3001.0065 RESULTS: We randomized a total of 100 participants to the 3 and 6-hour groups, with the patients in the 6-hour group being younger and presenting a higher body mass index (BMI). The intervention did not result in any statistically significant differences between the two groups, neither for the RGV (p=0.98) or the pH (p=0.732). However, the subgroup of patients with diabetes mellitus showed statistically significant higher RGV values in the 3-hour group. CONCLUSION There was no difference between RGV and pH values at 3 versus 6-hour after bowel preparation with mannitol, except for RGV in diabetic patients at 3 hours. As prolonged fasting protocols may result in adverse events such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, we can infer that colonic preparation with mannitol in shorter fasting periods, such as 3 hours, can be adopted safely and routinely.

Abstract Fish ecomorphology and diet can help us to understand species response to impacts and coexistence patterns. Thus, we developed a comparative analysis of ecomorphology and diet of Inpaichthys kerri and Hyphessobrycon vilmae and tested for environmental variables that explain their abundance in headwater streams. We sampled streams from the Aripuanã River basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. We sampled environmental variables following a standardized protocol and used 30 and 80 individuals from each species to obtain ecomorphological attributes and feeding index, respectively. To identify environmental variables that influence species abundance, we developed generalized additive mixed models. Inpaichthys kerri presented broader and deeper caudal peduncles, more dorsal eyes, and larger fins, besides the lower consumption of aquatic insects, algae, and detritus when compared to H. vilmae. Inpaichthys kerri was more abundant in fast waters with little amounts of marginal grasses, conditions associated with more forested streams, while H. vilmae was more in streams with more abundant marginal grasses from pasture. Deforestation in the Aripuanã basin threatens the persistence of I. kerri, since its optimal environmental conditions tend to be replaced by H. vilmae optimal conditions. Natural history helps us to understand species occurrence and represents a substantial contribution for more effective conservation measures.

O presente artigo versa sobre o processo contraditório de legitimação por um lado de um urbanismo moderno, mas de natureza estatal e autoritária, no contexto de fortalecimento dos municípios brasileiros frente à uma nova realidade urbano-industrial no Brasil dos anos 1930 e 1940. Mais especificamente se detém nas repercussões para o espaço urbano de São Luís, capital do estado do Maranhão, durante a interventoria de Paulo Ramos e da gestão modernizante dos prefeitos Saboya Ribeiro e Pedro Neiva no período varguista. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa histórica a partir de fontes primárias, como jornais e documentos oficiais da época, com o objetivo de compreender como se deu a remodelação urbana em São Luís.

Abstract Intraspecies or interspecies crossings transfer relevant alleles between plants. However, some interspecies crossings involving Passiflora species impede ovule fertilization and the viable development of seeds. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify the viability of interspecific crossings and monitor pollen tube development. The experiment had six species of Passiflora in the reciprocal crossings. Histochemical tests aimed to evaluate the percentage of intraspecies or interspecies crossings that resulted in fruit development and pollen tube development. Ovule fertilization and fruit development occurred in determined directions of crossings when controlling the female or male genitor, but only one case of reciprocal crossing had success. In crossings with no fruit development, histological analysis showed that some callus developed in the stigma and style, confirming unilateral and interspecies incompatibility in the genus Passiflora to some species and some directions of crossings.