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Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway plays a role in cancer development, organogenesis, and embryogenesis. The abnormal activation promotes cancer stem cell renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. In the present study, molecular docking simulation and ADMET studies were carried out on selected bioactive compounds in search of β‐catenin protein inhibitors for drug discovery against cancer. Blind docking simulation was performed using PyRx software on Autodock Vina. β‐catenin protein (PDB ID: 1jdh) and 313 bioactive compounds (from PubChem database) with selected standard anticancer drugs were used for molecular docking. The ADMET properties of the best‐performing compounds were calculated using SwissADME and pkCMS web servers. The results obtained from the molecular docking study showed that glycyrrhizic acid, solanine, polyphyllin I, crocin, hypericin, tubeimoside‐1, diosmin, and rutin had the best binding interactions with β‐catenin protein based on their binding affinities. Glycyrrhizic acid and solanine had the same and lowest binding energy of −8.5 kcal/mol. This was followed by polyphyllin I with −8.4 kcal/mol, and crocin, hypericin, and tubeimoside‐1 which all had a binding energy of 8.1 kcal/mol. Other top‐performing compounds include diosmin and rutin with binding energy of −8.0 kcal/mol. The ADMET study revealed that the following compounds glycyrrhizic acid, solanine, polyphyllin I, crocin, hypericin, tubeimoside‐1, diosmin, rutin, and baicalin all violated Lipinski's rule of 5 which implies poor oral bioavailability. However, based on the binding energy score, it was suggested that these pharmacologically active compounds are potential molecules to be tested against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review identified various bioactive compounds which have the potential to serve as novel drugs or leads against acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the dysregulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. The risk factors associated with the onset of AML include long‐term exposure to radiation and chemicals such as benzene, smoking, genetic disorders, blood disorders, advancement in age, and others. Although novel strategies to manage AML, including a refinement of the conventional chemotherapy regimens, hypomethylating agents, and molecular targeted drugs, have been developed in recent years, resistance and relapse remain the main clinical problems. In this study, three databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched to identify various bioactive compounds with antileukemic properties. A total of 518 articles were identified, out of which 59 were viewed as eligible for the current report. From the data extracted, over 60 bioactive compounds were identified and divided into five major groups: flavonoids, alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, terpenes, and terpenoids, and other known and emerging bioactive compounds. The mechanism of actions of the analyzed individual bioactive molecules differs remarkably and includes disrupting chromatin structure, upregulating the synthesis of certain DNA repair proteins, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibiting/regulating Hsp90 activities, DNA methyltransferase 1, and histone deacetylase 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles are of great importance in development and research because of their application in industries and biomedicine. The development of nanoparticles requires proper knowledge of their fabrication, interaction, release, distribution, target, compatibility, and functions. This review presents a comprehensive update on nanoparticles' toxic effects, the factors underlying their toxicity, and the mechanisms by which toxicity is induced. Recent studies have found that nanoparticles may cause serious health effects when exposed to the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact without caution. The extent to which toxicity is induced depends on some properties, including the nature and size of the nanoparticle, the surface area, shape, aspect ratio, surface coating, crystallinity, dissolution, and agglomeration. In all, the general mechanisms by which it causes toxicity lie on its capability to initiate the formation of reactive species, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles are of great importance in development and research because of their application in industries and biomedicine. The development of nanoparticles requires proper knowledge of their fabrication, interaction, release, distribution, target, compatibility, and functions. This review presents a comprehensive update on nanoparticles' toxic effects, the factors underlying their toxicity, and the mechanisms by which toxicity is induced. Recent studies have found that nanoparticles may cause serious health effects when exposed to the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact without caution. The extent to which toxicity is induced depends on some properties, including the nature and size of the nanoparticle, the surface area, shape, aspect ratio, surface coating, crystallinity, dissolution, and agglomeration. In all, the general mechanisms by which it causes toxicity lie on its capability to initiate the formation of reactive species, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging pollutants represent a group of synthetic or naturally occurring compounds that are not normally monitored within the environment but can enter into the environment and cause different adverse ecological and health effects. This systematic review identified the various emerging pollutants in Nigeria. The following databases, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals OnLine (AJOL) were searched to identify studies on pollutants of emerging concerns in Nigeria. A total of 933 articles were identified out of which 30 articles were selected to be eligible for the study. Over 250 emerging pollutants were identified and divided into 9 major groups which are personal care products, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, mycotoxins, radionuclides and electromagnetic radiations (Gamma radiation) and other pollutants of emerging concerns such as microbes, microplastics, and particulate matter. These pollutants are found in water bodies and underground waters, soils and sediments, biological systems, and ambient air at different concentrations with seasonal variations. Some of these pollutants act as endocrine disruptors, β-adrenergic receptors agonist blockers, oxidative stress inducers and can cause genetic alterations in DNA and epigenetic reprogramming through global DNA methylation, gene-specific CpG methylation and microRNA expression. Emerging pollutants of public health concern in Nigeria are on the increase and are threat to both ecological and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully obtained using the leaf extract from Ventilago maderaspatana. Extensive analysis was conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of the bioderived AgNPs. XRD analysis confirmed their cubic structure, and revealed a well-defined size distribution with average crystallite size of 11.7 nm. FE-SEM and TEM images visually supported the observed size range. The presence of plant-mediated phytochemicals on the surface of AgNPs was confirmed through DLS, FTIR, and TGA/DTA studies. To assess their antidiabetic potential, rats were induced with streptozotocin, resulting in elevated levels of biochemical parameters associated with diabetes. Conversely, serum insulin levels (2.50 ± 0.55) and glucokinase activity (64.50 ± 8.66) decreased. However, treatment with AgNPs demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose, total protein, albumin, and HbA1c levels, effectively restoring them to normal ranges. Moreover, the treatment significantly increased insulin levels (7.55 ± 0.63) and glucokinase activity (121.50 ± 4.60), indicating the antidiabetic potential of V. maderaspatana-mediated AgNPs. Notably, the exitance of phytochemicals, like flavonoids and phenols, on the surface of AgNPs facilitated their ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) through electron donation. This property enhanced their overall antidiabetic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gum arabic also known as gum Acacia, Acacia Senegal and Arabic gum is a natural, edible, dietary fiber and polysaccharide consisting of an arabiono-galactan-protein complex. The term Arabic gum was proposed by European merchants. Two species of Acacia, Acacia seyal and Acacia Senegal are recommended to produce a gum. 80% gum is produced from Acacia Senegal which is widely distributed to Sudan, Africa, Japan, Nepal, and many other tropical and subtropic regions of the world. From ancient times, it has been used for many beneficial purposes. Anciently it was used to make mummies and in painting. Currently, it is widely used for food applications, clinical uses, and non-food applications. In food approaches, it is used as a flavoring agent, stabilizer, sweetener, and thickening agent. It is used for the formulation of ice creams, candies, jellies, soft drinks, beverages, desserts, and soup. In clinical uses, it is used due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diarrhea, immune-stimulant, analgesic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, anticancerous, anti-ulcerative and for many other purposes due to diversity of potential. In non-food applications, it is used for the synthesis of syrups, tablets, lozenges, creams, lotions, paint, ink, glue, and ceramics. This review briefly covered the all area in which gum arabic is used widely due to its beneficial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pervasive sleep disorder named insomnia has been increasingly recognized as a major factor leading comorbidity in individuals suffering with mental health problems. The review article demonstrated the cause and impact of insomnia through literature on individuals who are already struggling with mental health issues. After a thorough database research, Studies evaluating the prevalence rates of insomnia across different mental health illnesses, such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, were found. In addition to this, review article examines the duality of insomnia and mental health. It explains how insomnia worsens psychiatric symptoms while also exacerbating them. It also discusses how untreated insomnia can affect the development and prognosis of psychiatric disorders, as well as how treatment strategies can address both sleep disorders and psychiatric symptoms. Finally, it explores potential mechanisms that may be at play between insomnia and psychiatric disorders, including dysregulation of neurotransmitters, hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal functions, as well as cognitive and emotional processes. By understanding the complex relationship between insomnia and psychological health, holistic interventions can be developed that address both sleep disturbance and psychiatric symptoms, leading to improved well-being and overall quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cichoriumintybus L., often known as chicory, is a Mediterranean plant species that is a member of the Asteraceae family. It has been known to have therapeutic benefits for a very long time. C. intybus is unique among the six species of Cichorium that are grown in Europe and Asia because of its wide range of uses in conventional medicine. The plant has been used in many traditional medical systems, especially in India, where it has been used to treat a wide range of illnesses, from diabetes to wounds. Chicory contains a wide range of phytoconstituents, including cellulose, proteins, sugar, flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins, tannins, coumarins, sesquiterpene lactones, fatty acids, cholins, benzo-isochromenes, alkaloids, vitamins, and minerals. The diverse ranges of therapeutic benefits associated with C. intybus are partly ascribed to this phytochemical composition. The pharmacological actions of chicory, which have been demonstrated to range from hepatoprotective to anti-inflammatory, demonstrate the plant's versatility and its potential to treat a variety of illnesses. This article offers a thorough investigation of C. intybus L.'s phytochemistry and pharmacological applications. This review attempts to be a useful resource for researchers, medical professionals, and practitioners interested in using Cichoriumintybus's medicinal properties for improving human health by compiling the body of knowledge on the botanical and chemical aspects of chicory as well as its therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An annual herb is known as "Fumitory," Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (Fumariaceae), is a widespread weed in Pakistan's and India's plains. The plantis frequently employed in the Unani and Ayurvedic medical systems, both as a single herb and in different polyherbal preparations. It is helpful for aches, diarrhea, fever, influenza, liver issues, dyspepsia, constipation, vomiting, diuretic, anthelmintic, leukoderma, diaphoretic, blood purification, and for jaundice when combined with black pepper. It has several different chemical components, including carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, phytosterols, fixed oils, saponins, steroids, tannins, and more. According to research investigations, this plant has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, analgesic, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, and therapeutic effects on biliary disorders and irritable bowel syndrome. This review focused on the chemical components and pharmacological properties of this plant, which may be useful in future molecular and phytochemical research for the development of medication formulations for the treatment of various ailments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with learning disabilities (LDs) sometimes struggle with mental health concerns, which can make it difficult for them to live happy lives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the various therapies and reasonable adaptations that can be done to assist people with learning disabilities and mental health issues. Individuals with learning disabilities and mental health issues frequently encounter considerable barriers to adequate care and assistance owing to a variety of physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments. The study opens by underlining the prevalence of learning disabilities and mental health disorders in the population, as well as the difficulties that people with these conditions confront. It then looks at the many interventions and reasonable adaptations that can be done in various settings, such as healthcare, education, and employment, to help individuals with learning disabilities and mental health issues. Environmental modifications, such as creating sensoryfriendly environments, communication adjustments, such as utilizing plain language and visual aids, and psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and social skills training, are among the interventions available. The study also emphasizes the significance of including people with learning disabilities and mental health issues in decision-making and planning, as well as the need for a person-centered approach to care. This study intends to contribute to the development of more effective and inclusive ways to care and support for this group by analyzing the many interventions and reasonable changes that can be made to support people with learning disabilities and mental health concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants with their ingredients, extract, seeds, oils and fruit are gradually used in the treatment of many diseases. Inflammation is a pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytological and chemical reactions. The medicinal plants reduce inflammation by blocking the inflammatory process, blocking the arachidonic acid metabolism, blocking enzymes, and blocking the inflammatory cells. Curcuma long, Zingiber officinale, Rosa canina, cassia fistula, salvia officinale, Borago officinale, Rosmarinus officinale, evening primrose, Ribesnigrum, Oleaeuropea, Herpagophytum, Elaeagnusangustifolia are some plants discussed in this study with their anti-inflammatory mechanism. Since the treatment of inflammation is not a single configuration relief, in this review article we tried to introduce to approach multidimensional medicinal access to treat inflammation, with the help of anti-inflammatory plants and by modification our life style by exercise and diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of people around the world suffer from gout, a form of arthritis characterized by excruciating inflammation brought on by the build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints. Pharmaceutical interventions are frequently used in traditional therapy methods to control symptoms and lower uric acid levels. However, the use of herbal remedies as supplemental or alternative gout treatments is growing in popularity. It is well recognized that medicinal plants contain bioactive substances with anti-inflammatory characteristics, which may help to reduce the pain and inflammation associated with gout. These plants have long played a significant role in traditional medical systems around the world. Recent research projects have produced encouraging findings that support the potential effectiveness of herbal treatments in preventing acute gout attacks and treating the ailment while it is in remission. In order to highlight their potential to increase therapeutic options and reduce adverse effects associated with pharmaceuticals in the management of gout, this review examines the historical use and mechanisms of action of medicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural sweetener honey has been valued for generations for its delectable flavor and therapeutic benefits. This mini-review examines the various medicinal advantages of the bioactive substances present in honey. Although sugars are the main component of honey, it also contains a variety of secondary metabolites, including phenolic chemicals, flavonoids, enzymes, and peptides. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and wound-healing effects of honey are a result of these bioactive substances. Traditional medicine has used honey to cure a variety of illnesses, and modern scientific investigations have offered strong evidence in favor of honey's therapeutic potential. In order to highlight honey's promising potential as a natural medicine, this article provides an overview of the present level of knowledge on its bioactive chemicals and their applications in human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory disorders and auto-inflammatory diseases are multifaceted ailments marked by dysregulated immune responses and chronic inflammation. Understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders and creating successful treatment techniques are major areas of research and clinical interest. This review article gives an updated summary of the pathophysiology of inflammatory illnesses and auto-inflammatory diseases, as well as current therapeutic techniques. These diseases are caused by a complex interaction of genetic predisposition, environmental stimuli, and immune system dysregulation. Abnormal cytokine signaling, immune cell malfunction, and tissue damage induced by chronic inflammation are all important mechanisms. Insights into the pathogenic processes that underpin disease have paved the way for the development of specific treatment approaches. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, biologic therapy, targeted therapies, and immunomodulatory therapies are all used to treat inflammatory disorders and auto-inflammatory diseases. Traditional treatments alleviate symptoms, whereas newer biologic and targeted medications selectively target immune system components to control the inflammatory response. Immunomodulatory medicines attempt to rebalance the immune system and control abnormal immunological activity. This review focuses on the most recent developments in treatment techniques, such as the use of biologics that target specific cytokines and cellular pathways, as well as targeted therapies that target key molecular targets implicated in inflammation and autoimmune. Furthermore, the ability of immunomodulatory medicines to modify immune response is explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor dental health has an impact on the general population's quality of life and everyday functioning, particularly in people with mental health conditions. Because of the huge burden of oral healthassociated quality of life in patients with mental health issues, nurses must understand how they can assist patients at an early stage. The purpose of this review was to discover and evaluate oral health interventions in patients suffering from mental illness. The study incorporates existing literature from a variety of sources, including research articles, therapeutic guidelines, and professional publications. It investigates the difficulties that individuals with mental health issues encounter in maintaining oral hygiene, as well as the consequences for their overall health and well-being. It also looks into the current research on the efficacy of oral hygiene therapies delivered by nurses in this setting. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the significance of addressing oral health issues in this vulnerable group, as well as the critical role that nurses may play in promoting and implementing dental hygiene programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinal blood vessels have become promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis and evaluation of systemic disorders, including myocardial infarction (heart disease) and cerebrovascular diseases. With an emphasis on current developments in retinal imaging techniques and their importance in identifying early vascular changes connected to both diseases, this review article explores the relationship between retinal blood vessels and these two significant systemic ailments. The benefits and drawbacks of several non-invasive imaging techniques for documenting retinal vascular changes, such as fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), are discussed. The study examines a variety of information that connects myocardial infarction risk, occurrence, and development to retinal vessel characteristics like calibre, tortuosity, and branching patterns. The underlying processes that might connect retinal vascular alterations to these systemic diseases are also perhaps investigated. In addition, common risk factors and systemic diseases that affect both the retinal and systemic vasculature are described as shared pathophysiological pathways. The promise of retinal vessel analysis as a non-invasive method for risk assessment, diagnosis, and monitoring of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular illnesses is highlighted by these findings. Retinal vascular analysis has the potential for improved patient outcomes through prompt interventions because of its affordability, accessibility, and non-invasive nature. To fully realize the clinical potential of this strategy, a number of issues, such as the standardization of imaging methods and the requirement for extensive longitudinal investigations, must be resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare delivery, management, and optimization have undergone a radical change as a result of the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into the sector. This review article examines the diverse effects of AI in healthcare, encompassing a wide range of applications from administrative and operational improvements to support for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The analysis goes into the most recent developments in AI technologies, including computer vision, natural language processing, and machine learning, and how they might change the face of healthcare. We also discuss the ethical and legal issues raised by the expansion of AI in healthcare and provide predictions for the future. The enormous potential for AI to revolutionize healthcare is highlighted in this review, but it also stresses the need for responsible and ethical deployment to guarantee the greatest results for patients and healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The well-known medicinal plant milk thistle (Silybummarianum) has a long history of traditional use, and a growing body of scientific study is demonstrating its therapeutic potential. In-depth information about milk thistle's phytochemistry, pharmacology, and customary usage is provided in this review article. We explore the numerous phytochemicals present in milk thistle with a focus on silymarin, which is thought to be the main bioactive component. Examining milk thistle's pharmacological attributes entails learning about its hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. We also go into the traditional and mainstream applications of milk thistle, such as detoxification, liver problems, and dietary supplements. We also highlight recent developments in the realm of complementary and alternative medicine as well as potential future uses for milk thistle. The goal of this review is to present a thorough and current understanding of milk thistle, making it a useful tool for researchers, medical experts, and those curious about the possible health advantages of this remarkable botanical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agonising disorder known as dysmenorrhea, which is characterized by painful menstruation, affects women all over the world. Due to their apparent efficacy and lack of side effects, traditional and herbal treatments for the management of dysmenorrhea have attracted increasing interest in recent years. The goal of this review is to offer a thorough examination of the most recent scientific research on the use of herbal remedies for the treatment of dysmenorrhea. We thoroughly investigate a wide range of medicinal plants, their active ingredients, their modes of action, and the clinical data demonstrating their effectiveness. This review emphasises the potential of medicinal plants as alternative or complementary options for the management of dysmenorrhea through an in-depth examination of botanical interventions. The dearth of comprehensive clinical trials and disparities in study design, however, highlight the need for more investigation into the safety and effectiveness of these therapies. This study provides a helpful resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals looking for alternative methods to lessen the burden of dysmenorrhea by highlighting the knowledge gaps now in existence and providing insights into prospective future research areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes and cancer are two complicated and common diseases that have received a lot of attention in the fields of medical and public health. The goal of this in-depth review article is to offer a full analysis of the complex connection between cancer and diabetes. The review starts out by exploring the epidemiological data connecting these two illnesses, underlining the elevated risk of cancer among those with diabetes. The various underlying mechanisms are then explored, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, persistent inflammation, and common risk factors including obesity. This article additionally explores how managing diabetes affects cancer outcomes and vice versa. It highlights the value of interdisciplinary care approaches and clarifies the difficulties faced by those who deal with both disorders. The review also emphasizes recent advances in the field, such as the use of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment and prevention of cancer, as well as the possibility of precision medicine to personalize care for those who have both cancer and diabetes. This comprehensive review highlights the complex interactions between cancer and diabetes and stresses the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach to care, early detection, and management techniques that address both disorders simultaneously. For those who are impacted by these difficult co-morbidities, the changing landscape of research in this area offers promise for improved outcomes and a higher quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in cupping is an emerging non-pharmacological option for treatment of pain. Cupping proved to be valuable treatment option for various illnesses including chronic pain. It is also named as prophetic medicine Cupping therapy, dry or wet cupping, have been used since ancient times in TCM owing to believe that it has more efficacy than pharmacological treatments. Cupping, Al-hijama, is also followed in many Arabic countries, named as prophetic medicine. Cupping work on mechanism of dilatation of vessels and increasing local blood circulation to cure various illnesses. Lower back pain is prevalent in our community due to stressed environment, physical work load as well as underlying serious medical conditions. Literature review was conducted to report the scientific data published on effects of wet cupping in lower back pain. Multiple search engines i.e. NCBI, Pub Med, Science Direct, Scopus, etc. were used for review of literature. We have prepared this review article to the best of our knowledge and available data to facilitate the readers to better know the therapeutic effects of cupping therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climacteric syndrome, commonly known as menopause, is a normal stage of a woman's life that is characterised by numerous physiological and psychological changes. These modifications might cause symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, cognitive impairments, and genitourinary issues, which can interfere with daily life. The search for efficient therapies has raised interest in natural medicines as women navigate this transitional phase, with vitamin E emerging as a leading contender. This mini review explores the intriguing connection between climacteric sickness and vitamin E in an effort to give readers a thorough evaluation of what is known at this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sitting lifestyle and remote work habits increase risks of spine maladies. Among them, chronic lower back pain (CLBP) is an injury of the spine decreasing living levels by painful movement of affected people. In the research, we described recent achievements in diagnosis and investigation of reasons for CLBP and perturbations of the malady. The early stage can be stopped by proper active lifestyle proper regular exercising including swimming, yoga, and pilates. Blue labors and women are more sensitive to CLBP, thus systematic sports habits are necessary in those groups for prevention of CLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since centuries ago, people have valued honey, a naturally sweet substance made by bees from the nectar of flowers, for its therapeutic and nutritional benefits. The objective of this review paper is to thoroughly analyze the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of honey. Honey's complex chemical make-up, which includes sugars, enzymes, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, contributes to its medicinal versatility. Honey has been used historically as a folk cure for a variety of illnesses, and both conventional and modern medicines have recognized its efficacy. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound-healing, and immune-modulatory properties of honey are discussed in this article, with an emphasis on how it can be used to treat illnesses like digestive problems, respiratory infections, skin wounds, and more. Honey's molecular interactions with biological pathways are being examined, offering light on the mechanisms behind honey's medicinal effects. A thorough comprehension of honey's pharmacological properties is essential for its incorporation into evidence-based medicine as interest in natural therapies rises. In order to effectively utilize the therapeutic potential of honey, more study is necessary to understand specific pathways, improve dose forms, and establish standardized protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In alternative medicine, Saw palmetto is used in the treatment of many diseases, as it is effective in treating urinary system diseases through anti-androgen effects and effects on involuntary receptors in the lower urinary tract, in addition to being used in the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer Prostatitis, chronic prostatitis (CP) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Scientific research has proven that Saw palmetto is considered a herbal remedy because it contains 3 phytosterols, 14 fatty acids, and SRM3251 contains 3 phytosterols, 17 fatty acids, β-carotene, and γ-tocopherol. It also played an important role as an anti-androgen as 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is converted from testosterone by the action of 5a-reductase, and this helps in the development of male sexual characteristics, transcription of androgen-regulating genes, prostate enlargement. Also, it affects on enzymes and chemokines that effect on the inflammatory process. Saw palmetto is used in the treatment of Chronic Prostatitis (CP) and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS). In this review, the phytochemical content of Saw palmetto will be highlighted and the pharmacological effect on male hormones, urinary system diseases and infections will be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare service delivery is fundamentally difficult since it involves nuanced interactions between many different parties, cutting-edge technology, and complex clinical procedures. The vital necessity of patient safety and the reduction of potential dangers are becoming more and more obvious as the healthcare landscape changes. In order to promote a culture of safety within the realm of healthcare and nursing, this review paper critically analyses the function of risk management. In this comprehensive review, we examine the various facets of risk management and how critical it is to patient care. With a focus on patient-centeredness and on-going quality improvement, the transformation of healthcare systems from fragmented and episodic treatment models to integrated and preventative paradigms is the main objective of present study. Given their frontline presence and crucial role in patient care, the review clarifies the essential role of nursing professionals in risk management. It looks at how nurses' roles have evolved to include clinical practice, drug administration, infection control, and communication in detecting, assessing, and managing risks. The paper also emphasizes the need of interdisciplinary cooperation by demonstrating how effective risk management transcends conventional barriers and necessitates a group commitment to patient safety. Ultimately, the delivery of high-quality care is the cornerstone of the environment that healthcare organizations and nursing professionals may jointly establish by adopting a proactive approach to risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of disease management has undergone a revolution because to nanotechnology, which has created new instruments and unique tactics for focused therapies. The various roles that nanoparticles play in the treatment of diseases are thoroughly examined in this review paper. Nanoparticles have special physicochemical characteristics that make them useful platforms for therapeutic treatments, imaging, and drug administration. This study emphasises the uses of nanoparticles in diverse illness contexts, such as cancer, infectious diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular ailments, through a methodical consideration of current developments. The research paper also explores challenges associated with nanoparticle-based medicines, including potential toxicity and regulatory barriers. This review contributes to the understanding of how nanoparticles can change the healthcare landscape by offering insights into the current status of nanoparticle research and its possible implications for future disease management techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycation generates advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its intermediates, thus increasing the risk of developing various ailments including diabetes mellitus. Current study was planned to explore the antioxidant and antiglycation potential of selected nuts viz, Juglans regia (Walnut), Prunus dulcis (Almond), Pistacia vera (Pistachio), and Arachis hypogaea (Peanut), locally available and readily consumed in Faisalabad, Pakistan, for their health‐promoting properties. The prepared methanolic extracts of selected nuts were tested for biological activities including the antioxidant and antiglycation potential. The effect of these extracts against oxidation and AGE formation was evaluated by in vitro method using bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐glucose system. Juglans regia, Pistacia vera, and Arachis hypogaea were found rich in phenolics and flavonoids contents with increased reducing potential and least IC50 due to the DPPH free radical scavenging inhibition. Dose‐ and time‐dependent inhibition of glucose‐induced advanced glycation end‐product (AGE) was exhibited by fruit extracts through in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐glucose system. Juglans regia and Pistacia vera were predominantly effective in the inhibition of early and intermediary glycation products at different incubation conditions. The study indicated that the extracts of selected nuts possess significant antioxidant capacity and are rich in phenolics and flavonoids, making them useful supplements as an important part of a balanced diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytobioactive compounds are plant secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds abundantly present in medicinal plants and have remarkable therapeutic potential. Oxidative stress and antibiotic resistance are major causes of present‐day ailments such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and inflammation. The data for this review were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Science Direct by using keywords: "Medicinal plants, Phytobioactive compounds, Polyphenols, Alkaloids, Carotenoids etc." Several studies have reported the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of the phytobioactives. Polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and polysaccharides isolated from medicinal plants showed remarkable antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, anti‐inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities. This literature review was planned to provide comprehensive insight into the biopharmacological and therapeutic potential of phytobioactive compounds. The techniques used for the extraction and isolation of phytobioactive compounds, and bioassays required for their biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, have been discussed. Characterization techniques for the structural elucidation of phytobioactive compounds such as HPLC, TLC, FTIR, GC–MS/MS, and NMR have also been discussed. This review concludes that phytobioactive compounds may be used as potential alternative to synthetic compounds as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pistacia Atlantica in folk medicine is used by Algerian traditional healers for treating a wide variety of diseases and conditions including dyspepsia, digestive problems, peptic ulcers, and, in particular, inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to assess the phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity (using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS+, and reducing power methods), enzyme inhibitory activity (towards α-amylase and urease), antibacterial activity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the unripe fruit extracts of Pistacia atlantica collected from different parts of the Djelfa region of Algeria. According to the findings, various aqueous extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and enzymatic activities in all tests, but showed that they have a weak inhibitory effect against all tested bacterial strains. Twenty-one minerals comprising both macro- and microelements (Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, U, and Zn) were determined using the technique of neutron activation analysis (INAA). The result indicates that the concentration of the mineral element is close to the minimal FAO recommendation. In addition, the result revealed significant anti-inflammatory activities. The data generated can be a valuable source of information for the pharmaceutical industry and medical research. These results suggest that the unripe fruit extracts of Pistacia atlantica have an appropriate potential to be utilized across a wide range of contexts as an agent with multifunctional uses, as well as a natural remedy for other physiological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ficus exasperata has been used to treat ulcer, diabetes, fever, and a variety of stress-related disorders. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of drug-induced acute liver injury. In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extract of F. exasperata (EFE) on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Rats were pretreated with EFE (150, 250, 500 mg/kg) and thereafter received 250 mg/kg APA intraperitoneally (i.p.). The normal control group received distilled water, while the negative control group received 250 mg/kg APAP, respectively. Hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress-antioxidant parameters were then assessed. Flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and glycosides, but not phenolics were detected by EFE phytochemical analysis. No mortality was recorded on acute exposure of rats to varying concentrations of APAP after 24 h; however, a dose-dependent increase in severity of convulsion, urination, and hyperactivity was observed. APAP overdose induced high AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin levels in the serum, invoked lipid peroxidation, depleted GSH, decreased CAT, SOD, and GST levels, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) level, myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, COX-2, MCP-1, and IL-6 were also increased. Importantly, pretreatment of rats with EFE before acetaminophen ameliorated and restored cellular antioxidant status to levels comparable to the control group. Our results show and suggest the hepatoprotective effect of F. exasperata and its ability to modulate cellular antioxidant status supports its use in traditional medicine and renders it safe in treating an oxidative stress-induced hepatic injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a highly complex disease that has an adverse impact on the lives of individuals, and the current medicines used to manage diabetes have obvious side effects. Medicinal plants, on the other hand, may serve as an alternate source of anti-diabetic drugs. A polyherbal combination has a higher and more extensive therapeutic potential than a single herb. Yet, due to deterioration during the absorption process, the usage of this drug still yields inadequate results. Encapsulation of polyherbal drug with chitosan nanoparticles is one of the key ways to solve this problem due to its biocombatibilty, slow and targeted drug delivery characteristics. In the present study, the chitosan was derived from prawn shell and the chitosan nanoparticles had been prepared by ionic-gelation method. The anti-diabetic polyherbal drug (Andrographis paniculata, Andrographis alata, Adhatoda zeylanica, Gymnema sylvestre, Syzygium cumini, and Justicia glabra) was encapsulated with a bio-derived chitosan biopolymer. The drug loading efficiency was about 85 %. The chemical and physical properties of the chitosan and drug-loaded chitosan nanoparticles had been analyzed by FT-IR absorption, XRD, SEM, TEM and EDAX analysis. The antidiabetic efficiency, hepatoprotective activity and antihyperlipedimic activity of the chitosan nanoparticles, polyherbal drug and polyherbal drug encapsulated with chitosan nanoparticles were assessed in a group of rats. The polyherbal drug reduced the serum glucose level from 306.4 mg/dL to 134.47 mg/dL, while the polyherbal drug encapsulated with chitosan nanoparticles reduced to 127.017 mg/dL. This was very close to the serum glucose level of non-diabetic rat (124.65 mg/dL). Further, it considerably increased the insulin level close to that of non-diabetic rat. Thus, the polyherbal drug encapsulated with chitosan nanoparticles showed superior efficiency in antidiabetic and also diabetic complications. • Chitosan Nano-biopolymer had been bio-synthesized. • Polyherbal Drug Encapsulated Chitosan Nano-biopolymer had superior efficiency on Diabetes and its Complications. • Reduced the serum glucose level from 306.4 to 127.017 mg/dL. (control - 124.65 mg/dL) • Reduced the diabetic complications to the standard level • Suitable candidate materials for diabetic treatment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties, antibacterial and antifungal activities, anti-inflammatory properties, and chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs), total phenol, and total flavonoid of wild Mentha pulegium L. This study also determined the mineral (nutritional and toxic) elements in the plant. The EOs were extracted using three techniques—hydro distillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), and microwave-assisted distillation (MAD)—and were analyzed using chromatography coupled with flame ionization (GC-FID) and gas chromatography attached with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). The antioxidant effects of the EOs were tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), while the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the EO and methanolic extract were tested using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil, representing 97.73% of the total oil, with 0.202% yield. The major components were pulegone (74.81%), menthone (13.01%) and piperitone (3.82%). Twenty-one elements, including macro- and micro-elements (Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, U and Zn), were detected using neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), with the concentration of mineral element close to the FAO recommendation. The results show that the EOs and extracts from Mentha pulegium L. had significant antimicrobial activities against the microorganisms, including five human pathogenic bacteria, one yeast (Candida albicans), and one phytopathogenic fungi. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf extracts were confirmed. The results indicate that the EOs and extracts from Mentha pulegium L. have promising applications in the pharmaceutical industries, clinical applications, and in medical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]