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Background: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the mortality rate of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from 23 centers across 15 countries, spanning the period of March 2020 to December 2021, were retrospectively collected. The study population comprised patients who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis while being treated for COVID-19 in the intensive care unit. Cox regression and decision tree analyses were used to identify factors associated with mortality in patients with CAPA. Results: A total of 162 patients (males, 65.4 %; median age: 64 [25th–75th: 54.0–73.8] years) were included in the study, of whom 113 died during the 90-day follow-up period. The median duration from CAPA diagnosis to death was 12 (25th–75th: 7–19) days. In the multivariable Cox regression model, an age of ≥65 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.05, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–3.07), requiring vasopressor therapy at the time of CAPA diagnosis (HR: 1.80, 95 % CI: 1.17–2.76), and receiving renal replacement therapy at the time of CAPA diagnosis (HR: 2.27, 95 % CI: 1.35–3.82) were identified as predictors of mortality. Decision tree analysis revealed that patients with CAPA aged ≥65 years who received corticosteroid treatment for COVID-19 displayed higher mortality rates (estimated rate: 1.6, observed in 46 % of patients). Conclusion: This study concluded that elderly patients with CAPA who receive corticosteroids are at a significantly higher risk of mortality, particularly if they experience multiorgan failure.

Abstract This multicentre (22 centres in Turkey) retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of patients with neutropenic fever and SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Study period was 15 March 2020–15 August 2021. A total of 170 cases (58 female, aged 59 ± 15.5 years) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. One-month mortality rate (OMM) was 44.8%. The logistic regression analysis showed the following significant variables for the mentioned dependent variables: (i) achieving PCR negativity: receiving a maximum of 5 days of favipiravir (p = 0.005, OR 5.166, 95% CI 1.639–16.280); (ii) need for ICU: receiving glycopeptide therapy at any time during the COVID-19/FEN episode (p = 0.001, OR 6.566, 95% CI 2.137–20.172), the need for mechanical ventilation (p

Cities defined as living units; They are important formations that can transfer to the society many features of this geographical area, which they surround as much as they own their geographical limitations, The added values that cities have created on the social area cannot be denied. One of the most important added values created by cities is the added value seen at the socioeconomic level. In this context, Tokat City was chosen as the city within the scope of the paper. The reason why Tokat was chosen is to present the socioeconomic added value created by the Almus Dam which was one of the important achievements of the republican period and which was established in the Almus District, at the city level. In order to reveal this added value, the original documents obtained from the Republic Archives of the Prime Ministry and the newspaper news on the online platform were studiously examined with the content analysis method, and the valuable outputs obtained by compiling among themselves were shared with the reader. Paper is at a level that can fill an important gap in the literature, both due to the fact that the studies on the city history of the Republican period are less in quantity and because of the limited number of studies directly related to the Almus Dam. According to the results obtained, after the Almus Dam enter into service; ıt has created an undeniable socio-economic added value in agriculture, fishery industry, employment and energy production. In order to increase the contribution of the paper to the literature, it is the most usual suggestion to reach the socio-economic numerical outputs related to the Almus Dam and to evaluate these outputs on the level of district and city

Sistem teorisi hem sosyolojinin hem de uluslararası siyasetin en önemli çalışma alanlarından biri olmuştur. Sistem teorisini en kapsamlı şekilde ele alan ilk siyaset bilimci Morton Kaplan, gelenekselci metodun karşısında yer alarak çalışmalarını davranışsalcı akımın içinde yürütmüştür. Buna karşın Hedley Bull düzen kavramını üretmiştir. İngiliz okulu teorisyenlerinden Barry Buzan ve Richard Little’ın sistem tarihi yazımı denemesi ise alternatif bir sistem analizi sunmuştur. Morton Kaplandan sonra uluslararası siyasete üst seviyeden bir bakış, Kenneth Waltz tarafından yapılmıştır. O dünya siyasetinde Soğuk Savaş dönemini açıklayarak tepeden bir bakış açısı sunmuştur. Fakat Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde Sosyal İnşacılık yaklaşımının yapı ve yapan ilişkisini açıklaması, uluslararası siyasete dair yeni bir kuramsal deneme sunmuştur. Onların yaklaşımı, bir tarih yazımında kullanılmaktan ziyade sistem içindeki değişimi açıklamaya yöneliktir. Diğer taraftan Haas’ın sistem yaklaşımı ise uluslararası örgütlerin sistem içinde oynadığı role dikkat çekmektedir. Onun sistem yaklaşımı, sistemin bir parçası olan yapı konusunda bir öngörü sunmasına rağmen siyasi bir tarih yazımına bir katkısı söz konusu değildir. Buna karşın Resocrance’ın denemesi, en başarılı sistem tarihi yazımlardan biri olarak değerlendirilebilir.

The lack of learning media and teacher creativity in implementing mathematics learning results in a lack of students' understanding and enthusiasm in learning mathematics. This research aims to analyze the design, feasibility, effectiveness and response of teachers and students in implementing virtual reality learning based on case-based learning in class VIII mathematics subjects. The research uses the Dick and Carey development model. The research subjects consisted of two content experts, one instructional design expert, one learning media expert, three individual test students, nine small group test students, and thirty-two field test students. The data collection methods used were interviews, questionnaires, tests and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are quantitative descriptive analysis, inferential statistical analysis (t-test), and N-Gain test. The content expert test results showed very high validity based on Gregory's validity. The expert test found, the score percentage is considered very good. Based on the t-test calculation, the significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 is smaller than 0.05 (p > 0.05), rejecting the null hypothesis (H0) and accepting the alternative hypothesis (Ha). So, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in learning outcomes before and after using virtual reality based on case-based learning. The N-Gain calculation produces a score of 0.741, which indicates a high category so it can be concluded that the use of virtual reality learning based on case-based learning is effective in improving student learning outcomes in class VIII mathematics subjects.

Migration is moving from one place to another place. Extraordinary situations such as wars, epidemics or natural disasters end with the displacement of people and thus their migration, which leads to some consequences in terms of both migration sending and receiving sides as well as social and geographical consequences. The 93 War between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian State witnessed a great migration wave. Especially with the loss of Bulgaria after the war, the Muslim people living in Bulgaria became refugee and were settled in Skopje, an important Ottoman sanjak due to its strategic location, by the Ottoman State. The Ottoman Empire used every opportunity for the Bulgarian immigrants to maintain their lives. It implemented price control, which is one of its general economic policies, effectively to that end. As in other regions within the borders of the Ottoman Empire, it continued this control which means narh policy in Skopje, and punished those who acted in the opposite direction. The aim of the study is to evaluate the Skopje during and after the 93 War within the scope of fines of narh.

Valproic acid is an antiepileptic drug associated with skin-related issues like excessive hair growth, hair loss, and skin rashes. In contrast, Moringa oleifera, rich in nutrients and antioxidants, is gaining popularity worldwide for its medicinal properties. The protective properties of M. oleifera extract against skin-related side effects caused by valproic acid were investigated. Female rats were divided into control groups and experimental groups such as moringa, sodium valproate, and sodium valproate + moringa groups. A 70% ethanolic extract of moringa (0.3 g/kg/day) was given to moringa groups, and a single dose of sodium valproate (0.5 g/kg/day) was given to valproate groups for 15 days. In the skin samples, antioxidant parameters (such as glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity), as well as oxidant parameters representing oxidative stress (i.e. lipid peroxidation, sialic acid, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and total oxidant capacity), were examined. Additionally, boron, hydroxyproline, sodium-potassium ATPase, and tissue factor values were determined. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also carried out for protein analysis in the skin samples. The results showed that moringa could increase glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, sodium-potassium ATPase, and boron levels, while decreasing lipid peroxidation, sialic acid, nitric oxide, total oxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species, hydroxyproline, and tissue factor levels. These findings imply that moringa possesses the potential to mitigate dermatological side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]