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Objectives. To describe prevalence of breast milk feeding among people with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy and examine associations between breast milk feeding, timing of maternal infection before delivery, and rooming-in status during delivery hospitalization. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee of whether people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy in 2020 initiated breast milk feeding at birth. Results. Among 11 114 (weighted number) people with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy, 86.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 82.4%, 87.6%) initiated breast milk feeding during birth hospitalization. People with infection within 14 days before delivery had significantly lower prevalence of breast milk feeding (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.83, 0.94) than did those with infection at least 14 days before delivery. When stratified by rooming-in status, the association between timing of infection and breast milk feeding remained only among infants who did not room in with their mother (APR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.88). Conclusions. Pregnant and postpartum people with SARS-CoV-2 infection should have access to lactation support and be advised about the importance of breast milk feeding and how to safely feed their infants in the same room. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S8):S787–S796. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307023 )

Examinamos el poema «Meditación» de María Gertrudis Hore (1742-1801) en el contexto de la influencia del poeta británico Edward Young y su Night Thoughts en España. Lejos de hacer una mera imitación de famosos textos escritos por hombres como José Cadalso (Noches lúgubres) y Juan Meléndez Valdés («La noche y la soledad»), o del mismo Young, el texto de María Gertrudis Hore nos ofrece una perspectiva de género que la destaca de sus contemporáneos, lo cual identificamos con la ayuda de las ideas sobre la melancolía del psicoanálisis.

O presente texto discute as contribuições do artigo A América Latina na encruzilhada do tempo presente, de Muniz Ferreira, que traça um percurso histórico da América Latina dos anos 1930 até os dias de hoje, constantemente sublinhando as tensões entre as forças dominantes (neo)liberais e conservadoras e as forças progressistas e discutindo a situação sócio-econômico-política na maioria dos países da região. Na primeira parte do texto, dialogamos diretamente com as ideias de Ferreira, acrescentando, onde possível, outras observações complementares às suas análises. Na segunda parte, criamos em diálogo entre Ferreira (2022) e Butler ([2015] 2018; [2009] 2015), com base em um problema que ambos/as confrontam em suas escritas: a dificuldade de fazer com que as pessoas reconheçam as condições que têm em comum, apesar de suas diferenças, para fazer atuação política conjunta em prol de melhorias permanentes em suas condições de vida.

Postevent processing (PEP), the engagement in detailed and repetitive self-focused review of one’s performance in social situations, is theorized to maintain pathological social anxiety. However, little is known about interventions that may impact this maintenance factor. The current study examined the impact of brief mindfulness training (BMT) on PEP among socially anxious individuals. There were 77 participants (75.32% female, 63.64% non-Hispanic/Latinx White) with clinically elevated social anxiety who attended one appointment in the laboratory during which they were randomized to receive a brief mindfulness-based training (n = 37) or no training (i.e., thinking as usual control group; n = 40). After the training period, participants underwent a 3-minute social anxiety induction task, after which they were instructed to apply their thinking strategy. Participants were then asked to complete 2 weeks of daily online surveys that included a PEP induction task, instructions to use their thinking strategy following PEP induction, and a measure of state PEP. Individuals in the BMT condition reported a significant reduction in state anxiety posttraining compared to individuals in the control condition. Conditions did not differ on state PEP after the social anxiety induction task. However, compared to those in the control condition, participants in the BMT condition reported significantly greater decreases in state PEP over the 14-day follow-up period. Thus, this brief mindfulness-based strategy may be useful for individuals with clinically elevated social anxiety who engage in PEP, a cognitive vulnerability factor implicated in the maintenance of social anxiety.

Despite experiencing problems related to using cannabis, very few undergraduate cannabis users are interested in treatment for cannabis-related problems or benefit from cannabis-focused online personalized feedback interventions (PFIs). Thus, it may be important to determine whether individuals perceive their problems as distressing, as only those who are distressed by their problems may be motivated to change their cannabis use or benefit from cannabis-related interventions. The current study examined cannabis-related problem distress, its relation to motivation to change cannabis use, and whether problem distress impacted outcomes of a problem-focused online PFI. Past-month cannabis-using undergraduates who endorsed experiencing at least one cannabis-related problem in the past 3 months were randomized to a PFI (n = 102) or a personalized normative feedback (PNF)-only condition (n = 102). Problem distress was robustly related to readiness, importance, and confidence to change cannabis use at baseline. Among those with high levels of problem distress at baseline, those in the PFI condition reported a greater decrease in problems than those in the PNF-only condition. This was not the case among those with lower levels of problem distress. Further, the number of cannabis-related problems did not moderate intervention outcomes. Cannabis users who perceive their problems as more distressing may be more motivated to change their cannabis use and more likely to benefit from a problem-focused PFI relative to a PNF-only intervention. Results have implications for the personalization of cannabis-focused interventions to maximize the impacts of interventions and decrease cannabis-related problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Throughout its history, New York has received several archaeological objects as gifts, including a mid-fourth-century BCE Greek funerary stele. Dr John Huston Finley, the third president of City College, saw a stele when he was in Greece and asked the Greek Government to gift the stele to the college. The stele, dubbed the ‘Marathon Stone’ by Finley, was dedicated and proudly displayed at City College, now of the City University of New York. This article explores the gift’s context by drawing on contemporary newspaper reports, Finley’s tenuous association of the stele with the battle of Marathon, and the gifting of an archaeological object as a means for promoting ties between City College and Greece. The article then examines the context for the stele’s display, the Neo-Antique Lewisohn Stadium, and argues that the display of the stele and erection of Lewisohn Stadium both embodied Finley’s aspirations for City College to rival Columbia and New York Universities. The demise of the stadium in 1973 and the removal of the stele to a basement signaled a major shift in the significance of the classics, classical art, and Neo-Antique architecture at City College, as well as the changing priorities of the institution.

This paper reports a cross-case analysis of three summer writing programs for youth in the northeast United States, each a longitudinal study in the tradition of design research. Initially, all thr...

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly facilitates controlled coatings on a variety of surfaces with the ability to manipulate the composition through the thickness by selection of the complementary pairs. However, the characterization of these composition profiles tends to be destructive and requires significant compositional differences that can limit their utility. Here, we demonstrate the ability to non-destructively quantify the depth dependence of the allyl content associated with the selective incorporation of poly(sodium acrylate-co-allylacrylamide) (84 : 16 mol : mol) (allyl-PAA) in LbL films based on the assembly of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and PDAC/allyl-PAA. Although the atomic composition of the film is not dramatically influenced by the change between PAA and allyl-PAA, the absorption in the IR near 1645 cm−1 by the allyl group provides sufficient optical contrast to distinguish the LbL components with spectroscopic ellipsometry. The use of IR spectroscopic ellipsometry can determine the thickness of layers that contain allyl-PAA and also gradients that develop due to re-arrangements during the LbL process. With multiple films fabricated simultaneously, the location of the gradient between the 1st and 2nd series of multilayers (e.g., first PDAC/PAA bilayers and then PDAC/allyl-PAA bilayers) can be readily assessed. The results from a variety of different multilayer architectures indicate that the gradient is located within the thickness expected for the 1st deposited bilayer stack (PDAC/PAA or PDAC/allyl-PAA). These results are indicative of a dynamic dissolution–deposition process (in- and out- diffusion) during the fabrication of these LbL films. These results provide additional evidence into the mechanisms for exponential growth in LbL assemblies. The ability to quantify a gradient with the low contrast system examined indicates that spectroscopic IR ellipsometry should be able to non-destructively determine compositional gradients for most polymer films where such gradients exist.

Summary: Volatile short-chain fatty acids such as butyric and acetic acid have been supplemented in poultry rations as a feed ingredient and nutritive supplement. A novel Clostridium fermentation solubles broth (MiruTyton), containing short-chain fatty acids, minerals, and amino acids, was supplemented in a standard corn/soybean meal–based ration at a rate of 750, 1,500, 3,000, and 6,000 mg/kg to achieve approximately 277, 554, 1,108, and 2,216 mg/kg of ammonium butyrate in the diet. After 6 wk, supplementation at all levels did not cause significant changes in the blood parameters or any live performance metric of mixed-sex Cobb-500 broilers (N = 1,920). In addition, administering 6,000 mg/kg of MiruTyton caused no significant lesions in any of the tissue examined except for an increase (P

Research suggests that individuals may benefit from participation in a partial hospital program (PHP) following discharge from inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. Indeed, PHPs are designed to facilitate further stabilization and skill-building before discharge to the community. As a result, our hospital-located in a large metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States-has long maintained a commitment to providing this critical level of care. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, these in-person PHP services were discontinued in response to public health recommendations and to ensure the safety and well-being of patients and staff. To maintain this important point along the psychiatric care continuum, hospital leadership encouraged our PHP team to pursue an alternative approach to treatment delivery: video-based telepsychotherapy. This article describes the development of a virtual PHP that serves acute psychiatric patients stepping down from inpatient hospitalization. First, we provide an overview of the original in-person PHP and then discuss the process of its transition to a virtual format. Next, we describe in detail the components of our newly developed virtual PHP, highlighting adaptations necessitated by patients and staff being remote from our physical hospital. Finally, we present preliminary evidence of our virtual PHP's acceptability and feasibility, based on experiences with our 23 patients to date; discuss lessons learned from this program development effort; and recommend future directions for research and clinical practice. Information provided herein aims to guide the development of other virtual PHPs and telepsychotherapy programs that similarly strive to offer intensive treatment to an acute psychiatric population.

Smokers with elevated anxiety sensitivity (AS) have poorer smoking cessation outcomes. Smokers with elevated anxiety/depression report worse smoking cessation outcomes and greater AS. Thus, it is important to examine the utility of intervention strategies that target AS in the context of smoking cessation. Hatha yoga encourages the implementation of present-centered awareness in the face of discomfort, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce AS. The current study examines the impact of hatha yoga on AS among 51 smokers. Participants were randomly assigned to hatha yoga or wellness control on their quit/reduce smoking day. Compared to the control, the yoga condition reported significantly less AS at one-week follow-up. This relationship was moderated by baseline anxiety/depression, such that among individuals with elevated anxiety/depression, yoga was related to less AS than the control. Hatha yoga may serve as an additional strategy for successful smoking cessation in individuals with high AS.

Objective To describe prevalence of breastmilk feeding among people with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and examine associations between breastmilk feeding, timing of maternal infection before delivery, and rooming-in status during delivery hospitalization. Methods Retrospective cohort using data from five states reporting initiation of breastmilk feeding of infants at birth among people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy in 2020. Results Among 9760 (weighted N) people with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy, 86.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83.3%-88.7%) initiated breastmilk feeding during birth hospitalization. People with infection ≤ 14 days before delivery had significantly lower prevalence of breastmilk feeding (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.97) compared to those with infection > 14 days before delivery. When stratified by rooming-in status, the association between timing of infection and breastmilk feeding remained only among infants who did not room-in with their mother (aPR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.92). Conclusion Pregnant and postpartum people with SARS-CoV-2 infection should be advised about the importance of breastmilk feeding, how to safely feed their infants in the same room, and have access to lactation support.

Microbial proteins are potentially important alternatives to animal protein. A safety assessment was conducted on a Clostridium protein which can serve as a high-quality protein source in human food. A battery of toxicity studies was conducted comprising a 14-day dose-range finding dietary study in rats, 90-day dietary study in rats and in vitro genotoxicity studies. The allergenic potential was investigated by bioinformatics analysis. In the 90-day feeding study, rats were fed diets containing 0, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% Clostridium protein. The Clostridium protein-containing diets were well-tolerated and no adverse effects on the health or growth were observed. Significant reductions in neutrophil counts were observed in all female rats compared to controls, which were slightly outside of reference ranges. These effects were not deemed to be adverse due to the absence of comparable findings in male rats and high physiological variability of measured values within groups. A No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of at least 10% Clostridium protein, the highest dose tested and corresponding to 5,558 and 6,671 mg/kg body weight/day for male and female rats, respectively, was established. No evidence of genotoxicity was observed and the allergenic potential was low. These results support the use of Clostridium protein as a food ingredient.

Onondaga Lake in central New York State was listed as a Superfund site in 1994 due to industrial disposal of pollutants. A biomonitoring program was conducted to assess exposure to over 70 legacy contaminants and contaminants of emerging concern in populations disproportionately at risk for exposure residing near Onondaga Lake and to educate these communities on how to reduce exposures. The populations of focus were refugees from Burma and Bhutan and low-income, primarily African American, anglers (urban anglers). These communities consume locally caught fish for economic as well as cultural reasons and therefore may be at higher risk of exposure. This study focuses on assessment of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and associations with local fish consumption. Using respondent driven sampling, 311 refugees and 89 urban anglers were enrolled in the study. Following informed consent, study participants provided blood and urine specimens and completed a questionnaire. Percentiles of locally caught fish meals in the past 12 months by race/ethnicity groups showed that the Burmese participants of Karen ethnicity were the highest consumers, with a median of 135 meals compared to 103 meals for the other Burmese participants, 70 meals for the urban anglers, and 44 meals for the Bhutanese participants. Compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–16 sample of the general U.S. population, the Karen participants had markedly elevated perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) levels with median serum concentrations 9.5 times greater (41.6 ng/mL vs. 4.4 ng/mL) and 26.9 times greater (2.69 ng/mL vs. 0.10 ng/mL), respectively; the other Burmese participants had moderately elevated levels of PFOS and PFDA with median serum concentrations 3.0 times greater (13.3 ng/mL vs. 4.4 ng/mL) and 7.3 greater times greater (0.73 ng/mL vs. 0.10 ng/mL), respectively; and, PFAS levels were not elevated in the Bhutanese or urban angler cohorts. Male gender was consistently the strongest predictor of PFAS exposure among all study cohorts. A positive association between local fish consumption was indicated only for PFOS among urban anglers. An association between local fish consumption and PFAS was not statistically significant among the refugee cohorts, perhaps due to the lack of ‘lower-end’ exposure or exposure variability. Community events were held by the program staff to present the biomonitoring results and distribute community outreach materials with visual aids specific for the study populations to promote safe fish eating.

The bacterial DNA damage response pathway (SOS response) is composed of a network of genes regulated by a single transcriptional repressor, LexA. The lexA promoter, itself, contains two LexA operators, enabling negative feedback. In Escherichia coli, the downstream operator contains a conserved DNA cytosine methyltransferase (Dcm) site that is predicted to be methylated to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) specifically during stationary phase growth, suggesting a regulatory role for DNA methylation in the SOS response. To test this, we quantified 5mC at the lexA locus, and then examined the effect of LexA on Dcm activity, as well as the impact of this 5mC mark on LexA binding, lexA transcription, and SOS response induction. We found that 5mC at the lexA promoter is specific to stationary phase growth, but that it does not affect lexA expression. Our data support a model where LexA binding at the promoter inhibits Dcm activity without an effect on the SOS regulon.

The current paper presents a biopsychosocial model of cannabis use and anxiety that focuses explicitly on aspects of anxiety that may contribute to cannabis use and use-related problems among individuals with elevated anxiety. Elevated anxiety and anxiety disorders are common among individuals who use cannabis and those with cannabis use disorder (CUD). One possible explanation for this co-occurrence may be that symptoms associated with anxiety disorders (i.e., physiological arousal, subjective anxiety, and avoidance) may place anxious individuals at risk of using cannabis to cope with these symptoms. A review of the literature on the relationships between facets of anxiety and cannabis use and related problems partially supports the utility of this model and informs future directions for research and treatment in this area.