Search

Copyright of International Welfare Policies & Social Work Journal / Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social is the property of Asociacion Internacional de Ciencias Sociales & Trabajo Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aldeamento indígena desde o século XVII, o Embu possuía como característica a presença de diversos músicos entre seus habitantes. De acordo com D. Duarte Leopoldo e Silva, arcebispo de São Paulo, a “banda do Embu” era formada por “indios” guaianazes sendo “a melhor das redondezas, senão a única, e era “como parte obrigada das grandes solenidades da vizinhança, e até mesmo de Itanhaém e Bragança”. Tendo em vista a relevância do tema para a historiografia da música no Brasil, empreendemos uma pesquisa nos Maços de População de São Paulo (1765 a 1850) em busca de registros de músicos no aldeamento do Embu. A seguir, cruzamos as informações obtidas com os registros da paróquia do Embu, para encontrar marcos importantes na vida familiar dos indivíduos identificados de forma a reconstituir a biografia e a trajetória desses músicos indígenas esquecidos.

This article analyzes the contested historical narrative behind the Mbeere’s role in the Mau Mau movement. Specifically, it explores the role of memorialization and marginalization in reconfiguring this past. With respect to the latter, the Mbeere were ostracized from the Mau Mau movement after the Kenyan Parliament, headed by Dedan Kimathi, sought to consolidate support by encouraging local officials to lobby bordering ethnic groups. As a result, the Mbeere, who were suspected to be pro-government and anti-Mau Mau, faced brutal reprisals from the Kikuyu and the Embu, key players in the movement. Although the physical violence may have ended, the symbolic violence of denial and ostracism persists as the Mau Mau movement’s memory is popularized and commodified through the British government’s acknowledgement of their abuse against Kenyans in the Mau Mau struggle. The dominant history of the Mau Mau rebellion is harrowing for the Mbeere Mau Mau veterans, who in fact existed and fought tenaciously against the British but were subsequently omitted from these narratives. This article draws on oral testimonies and archival sources to explore this history and potential avenues for official recognition and memorialization.

Aspects of parenting including overprotection explain individual differences in child adjustment. This review and meta‐analysis summarizes studies on parental overprotection and internalizing and externalizing problems. To ensure that findings could be compared as systematically as possible, the focus was on studies that used the overprotection scale of the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran ("Memories of my Parents' Upbringing") (EMBU) questionnaire, a popular instrument to measure parental overprotection. In total, we extracted 176 effects from 29 studies. A modified version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to perform quality assessments for the included studies. Parental overprotection was associated positively with offspring internalizing and externalizing problems, with overall estimates ranging from r =.14 to.18. Moderator analyses suggested that effects of maternal were larger than effects of paternal overprotection. Other factors that moderated the strength of the association between overprotection and maladjustment included whether outcomes were self‐reported or parent‐reported, the design was cross‐sectional or longitudinal, and publication year. Cultural context, age at exposure, and child sex did not explain differences between effect sizes. Most findings were based on cross‐sectional studies and therefore do not constitute proof of causal relations. Many studies were of less‐than‐satisfactory quality regarding representativeness of the sample, descriptions of the data collection, and statistical analyses. There is a clear need for well‐powered longitudinal studies to strengthen inferences about associations between parental overprotection and internalizing and externalizing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimed to examine the relationships between Chinese parenting styles and child academic achievement through a meta-analytical review. After literature screening, 54 studies and 793 independent effect sizes that met the inclusion criteria were incorporated into the analysis (n = 24630). According to the results of the study, positive parenting styles like "emotional warmth and understanding" had prominent beneficial effects on child academic achievement, whilst negative ones such as "punishment and harshness", "overinvolvement and overprotection", "preference for the subject", "rejection and denial") were significantly unfavorable for child academic performance. In addition, the relation between parental overinvolvement and overprotection and child academic achievement was moderated by parental roles. Children's ages could moderate the relationships between parenting styles (except for overinvolvement and overprotection) and child academic results. The connection between parental preference for the subject and child academic achievement was moderated by disciplines. The effects of parents' emotional warmth and understanding as well as overinvolvement and overprotection were moderated by times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parental rearing style is highly concerned by experts and scholars in psychology, education, and sociology. The main purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between the special environmental elements of college students' original families and their parental rearing style from the perspective of family systems. This study used cluster random sampling and the EMBU scale to survey 10 classes of 423 college students in central China. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. The results of this study was as follows: (1) There was a significant correlation between environmental factors of college students' original family and parenting styles; (2) In terms of the relationship between family background information and parental rearing styles, multiple regressions showed significant positive predictability; (3) There were significant differences in the distribution of parenting styles among different elements of the original family environment. This study concluded that there were significant differences in parenting styles and types of parenting based on different elements of the original family environment, including gender, place of residence, the one only child, and single parent family). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental rearing behaviours characterised by high levels of rejection and overprotection have been implicated in the development and maintenance of child psychopathology, including paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (EMBU) is a commonly used measure of perceived parental rearing. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the factor structure of the EMBU child and parent versions were examined in a sample of children and youth with OCD (n = 176), and their mothers (n = 162). Associations between rearing and clinical correlates of OCD were explored. For parents, a 4-factor model provided the best fit. For children, a higher order model was the best fit. Greater parent and child perceived negative rearing behaviours and lower perceived positive behaviours were associated with greater OCD severity, comorbid symptoms and impairment. The EMBU has a conceptually meaningful factor structure and provides a useful measure for assessing perceived rearing behaviours within paediatric OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the increasing constraint in the availability of fresh water for irrigation, wastewater especially sewage effluent is being used for irrigation of agriculture fields, particularly in urban and peri‑urban centers. However, there is increasing concern over the associated potential health risks due to the dietary intake of contaminated vegetables. This study was conducted to analyze the levels of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead in sewage effluent, and in the vegetables and soil irrigated using this sewage effluent. Sewage effluent, soil and plant samples were collected and subjected to acid digestion to extract the heavy metals from the samples. Thereafter, concentration levels of the heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentrations of 0.484–1.834 mg/L, 1.432–4.612 mg/L, 0.015–0.353 mg/L, 0.011–2.123 mg/L for copper, zinc, cadmium and lead, respectively, were obtained in the sewage effluent which were above the WHO permissible levels in wastewater for irrigation. Due to continuous use of sewage effluent for irrigation, gradual accumulation of heavy metals in the soil could occur which could eventually lead to increased uptake of the heavy metals by the growing vegetables. Therefore, to ensure food safety and the use of sewage effluent for irrigation, we suggest that it is important to conduct continuous monitoring and pollution control.

Copyright of E-Pedagogium is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background:Using diagnoses exclusively, comparable evaluations of the empirical evidence relevant to the content can be made. The term holocaust survivor syndrome according to the DSM-IV classification encompasses people with diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorders and psychopathological symptoms exposed to the Nazi genocide from 1933–1945 identified by Natan Kellermann, AMCHA, Israel (1999).Methods:The relationships between disorders of affectionate parenting and the development of dysfunctional models on one hand, and various psychopathological disorders on the other hand were investigated. Multi-axial assessment based on PTSD diagnosis (APA, 2000) with DSM-IV classification criteria of holocaust survivor syndrome and child survivor syndrome earlier found in holocaust survivors was used as criteria for comparison among Finnish sub-populations.Results:Symptoms similar to those previously described in association with holocaust survivor syndrome and child survivor syndrome were found in the population of Finnish people who had been displaced as children between 1939–1945.Conclusions:Complex PTSD syndrome is found among survivors of prolonged or repeated trauma who have coping strategies intended to assist their mental survival. Surviving Finnish child evacuees had symptoms at similar level to those reported among holocaust survivors, though Finnish combat veterans exhibited good mental adjustment with secure attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between perceived rearing styles and the clinical expression of Eating Disorders (ED). Methods. One hundred and ninety-six patients diagnosed of an ED and 127 healthy student as controls selected from the Nursing College were evaluated for general psychopathology (STAI, BDI II, RSE), and for abnormal eating attitudes (EAT, EDI-II, BITE). The EMBU (‘my memories of upbringing') was administered for the assessment of perceived parental rearing styles and we used a questionnaire to assess familial variables. Results. In relation to the control group, patients with ED perceived greater rejection, overprotection and less warmth than the controls. Patients who perceived greater paternal favoritism, maternal overprotection and low paternal emotional warmth, showed higher levels of anxiety. Paternal affection and maternal attitudes of rejection, overprotection and favoritism were related with lower selfesteem. Regarding abnormal eating attitudes, body dissatisfaction inversely correlated with paternal emotional care and maternal favoritism. The EDI subscales: ineffectiveness, perfectionism and ascetism were associated with parental rejection. Maternal rejection also related with drive for thinness, interoceptive awareness and impulse regulation. Perceived emotional warmth was related with perfectionism. Bulimia subscale and BITE scores were inversely associated with paternal overprotection and affection, and scored significantly higher in paternal favoritism and rejection from both parents. Conclusions. Perceived parental bonding is different in the various subtypes of EDs. Patients diagnosed of Bulimia Nervosa or Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified perceived greater rejection, less affection and a greater overprotection than Anorexia Nervosa patients and controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the gradient nature of acceptability judgements and grammatical variants in the bilectal population of Cyprus, by comparatively discussing the findings of two recent experiments on (i) exhaustivity effects in Cypriot Greek clefts and embu 'it is that'-structures (Leivada et al. 2013) and (ii) clitic placement and how it is affected by lexical and syntactic stimulation (Papadopoulou et al. 2014). The analysis lays emphasis on the intra-dialectal variation observed across speakers' performance in both experiments. Variation is discussed in relation to socio-syntactic aspects of language use, such as (i) the existence of competing grammars (Tsiplakou 2007, in press) and competing motivations (Grohmann & Leivada 2012, to appear) in bilectal environments such as the one in Cyprus, (ii) the notion of gradience existent within a dialect-standard continuum (e.g. Cornips 2006 for Dutch, Leivada et al. 2013 for Greek), and (iii) syntactic/semantic factors that inform our participants' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study examined the association between recollected parental child-rearing strategies and individual differences in self-regulation, socio-emotional adjustment, and psychopathology in early adulthood. Undergraduate participants (N =286) completed the EMBU – a measure of retrospective accounts of their parents’ child-rearing behaviors – as well as self-report measures of self-regulation and socio-emotional adjustment across the domains of eating disorder symptoms, physically risky behavior, interpersonal problems, personal financial problems, and academic maladjustment. A subset of participants also completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Parental warmth was found to be related to overall better self-regulation and improved interpersonal and academic adjustment. In contrast, both parental rejection and overcontrol were found to be related to general deficits in self-regulation as well as adjustment difficulties and psychopathology. Parental rejection was most closely related to internalizing clinical presentations like anxiety, depression, and somatization, whereas overcontrol was most aligned with increased hypomanic activation and psychoticism. Mediation analyses demonstrated that the relationships between parental child-rearing strategies and socio-emotional adjustment and psychopathology were partially mediated by self-regulation. Future directions are suggested, including basic and translational research related to better understanding the roles of parental child-rearing and self-regulation in the development of internalizing symptoms, activation, and psychotic symptoms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The aim of this study was to identify long-term effects of diagnostic criteria on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C) for a test group of Finnish evacuees from World War II and compare the outcome effect with a control group of children who lived in Finland during the war in 1939–1945.Methods: 152 participants were recruited by the local leader of the Finnish War Child Association in Sweden and Finland. The selected group answered questions on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C) and the EMBU (Swedish acronym for “Own Memories of Parental Rearing”).Results: Evidence suggests a link between childhood parental separation and termination of the internalized attachment hierarchy of origin in a detachment process among Finnish evacuees. Based on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Total (PCL-C) diagnosis an extreme traumatization for 36.7% of the test group subjects was identified, including a hidden Holocaust trauma in the population of Finnish evacuees.Conclusions: The study met the criteria for satisfying global evidence value. Sixty-five years after the end of World War II and in line with other studies on war children, the data show high levels of different trauma exposures from the war with 10.6 higher risk (odds ratio) for the exposed group of Finnish evacuees. Despite some limitations, the data highlight the need for further investigation into different parts of the detachment process among seriously traumatized groups to reveal resilience and other dimensions of importance in professional mental health creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since parents' rearing styles may affect adolescents' behavior and socialization, it is relevant to know how some psychological variables are related to parent rearing styles. This study is aimed to explore this point by analysing altogether parents' rearing styles (EMBU-P), social values (social power, order, benevolence, and conservatism-liberalism), Big-five personality traits, and marital satisfaction (consensus, affection, satisfaction, and cohesion) in parents of adolescents. This is a prospective study based in correlational analysis method. It was found that rearing styles defined by warmth and acceptance are related to a responsible and emotionally stable personality profile, high marital satisfaction, and the preference for prosocial values. On the contrary, overprotected and favouring rearing styles are related to low friendliness, low emotional stability and low openness, poor marital adjustment with a lack of cohesion, and social values defined by a lack of benevolence, and the preference for social power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the relationships of the socialisation process with the Big-Five personality traits, empathy, parent-rearing styles and social values. The main aim was to detect which variables predict better socialisation outcomes. A socialisation battery for adolescents (BAS-3), the Big-Five Questionnaire (BFQ), Bryant’s Index of Empathy (IECA), the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran-My memories of upbringing (EMBU) and a Social Values Inventory (SVI) were applied to 832 Spanish adolescents. Also, 134 parent couples agreed to fill out the version of the socialisation battery for adolescents’ parents (BAS-2). Results show that personality dispositions, parent-rearing styles and social values were related to socialisation reported by children. Patterns of relationships showed that different variables account for different socialisation outcomes. However, when these variables were related to the socialisation outcomes reported by parents, relationships were considerably lower. The implications of the present study are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of different versions of the EMBU (Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran – My memories of upbringing) in a non-clinical sample of adolescents. The factor structure of the questionnaire was studied by means of more adequate exploratory and confirmatory factor procedures in order to ascertain which version achieves a better fit to data. The 64-item version of the EMBU was administered to a non-clinical sample of 832 adolescents. Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out for successive versions of 64, 37, 24 and 23 items. The theoretical four-factor structure of the 64-item version is not replicated in a factor analysis through principal axis extraction with direct oblimin rotation. The “Favoring Subject” factor was not found. 37 items present loadings equal to or larger than 0.30 for the “Rejection”, “Emotional Warmth” and “Overprotection” factors. A re-analysis of these items shows a clear three-factor structure. When Arrindell et al.'s (1999 ) 23-item version was analysed, the three expected factors were also found. Confirmatory factor analyses allow us to reduce the 36-item version to a shorter one of 24 items. This last version achieves the best fit to data, including the 23-item version. The new 24-item version improves the construct validity of the EMBU and presents similar reliability coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study explores the relationships between memories of parental-rearing (measured through the EMBU), social values and socialised behaviour traits in an adolescent population, and also the psychometric properties of a measure of social values in the adolescent population. Four hundred and eight boys and 424 girls from the general population constituted the sample. Social values were assessed by a new self-report questionnaire composed of 30 items. A previous analysis of this measure revealed a three factor structure (Benevolence, Social power, and Security) with good psychometric properties. Behaviour traits were assessed by the participants’ teachers. Results show that aggressive subjects remember their parents as more rejecting, overprotective, favouring, and less warm. On the contrary, benevolent subjects were more responsible, sensitive, sociable, and their parent-rearing style was seen as warmer. Social values were moderately predicted by Emotional Warmth and Rejection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The most frequently used questionnaires for the characterisation of rearing, the EMBU and the PBI, offer different factorial solutions. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the validity of the construct of both rearing scales. We start with the replies of 738 subjects to the two scales to test their construct validity. The models, which have been internationally accepted, derived from both scales and are subjected to a Structural Equation Modelling Method. Although (from a formal point of view) there is little difference between the two models analysed, the trifactorial model of EMBU shows a closer fit to the data. The trifactorial solution of the EMBU seems more adequate than the bifactorial of the PBI. The origin of the factorial solutions of both models and the consequences of these results are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A possible link between experiences of dysfunctional parental rearing and late behavioural outcomes could consist of the development of dysfunctional assumptions about self and others in relationship. This hypothesis has previously been addressed in psychiatric patients. Accordingly, the confounding influence of mental status on the endorsement of dysfunctional assumptions cannot be wholly excluded. The present study, in which a community sample of 233 subjects was enrolled, was planned to contribute to clarifying this issue. Subjects completed the EMBU to assess perceptions of parental rearing and two measures of dysfunctional assumptions, or dysfunctional working models: the DAS and the DWM-S. It was predicted that experiences of caring parental rearing would be negatively correlated with scores on both the DAS and the DWM-S. Conversely, it was predicted that experiences of dysfunctional parenting would be positively correlated with scores on the two scales. Both predictions were supported by the results. Perceptions of dysfunctional maternal rearing contribute most to high scores both on the DAS and the DWM-S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the character and extent of negative thought content in panic disorder (PD) and the relation between thinking and bodily sensations. Content of thinking was explored in several areas, some of which are not exclusively related to anxiety. A structured diagnostic interview (SCID), a self-rating scale (SCL-90R), a sentence construction test (The Incomplete Sentences Blank (ISB)), and an inventory of childhood memories of parental rearing (the EMBU) were administered to 47 PD patients, 15 patients with major depression (MD), and 30 normal subjects. Thus, measures of implicit as well as explicit thinking, measures of thinking on present as well as past issues, and methods allowing negative as well as positive thought content to be expressed, were used. We found that PD was characterized by more negative thinking of anxiogenic, depressive, and dependent nature and less neutral or positive thinking than the normal subjects, primarily in issues related to the present. These negative thoughts were correlated with bodily symptoms. Very few significant differences were found between PD and MD, but a subgroup of PD with comorbidity of MD exceeded the other groups on measures of negative thoughts as well as bodily symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new inventory aimed at the assessment of perceived parental rearing practices (EMBU) and an inventory aimed at assessing psychogenic needs (CMPS) were completed by 152 healthy subjects of both sexes (108 males and 44 females). The series was comprised of 73 conscripts, 57 medical students, 15 vocational therapy students and 7 staff personnel who were 17-46 years old. Several significant correlations were found between dimensions of parental rearing behaviour and personality characteristics, most of them being consistent with earlier findings by other authors. Although statistically significant, the correlation coefficients were mostly low, leaving a large amount of unexplained variance. The findings of this study support the general assumption that the perception of parental rearing practices is an important factor in the shaping of personality make-up but that other, still unexplored factors might have an even greater importance in the determination of habitual personality characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]