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In this study, we conducted successful experiments on ethylenediamine sulfate (EDS), an organic compound, to investigate its enantioselectivity in chiral crystallization. We employed optical trapping with circularly polarized laser beams, using a continuous wave laser at 1064 nm. By focusing the laser at the air–solution interface of a heavy water-saturated EDS solution, the formation of sub-micrometer-sized chiral EDS crystals was verified. Two generated enantiomorphs (d-crystal and l-crystal) were identified by the rotating analyzer method. The enantioselectivity in the chiral crystallization of EDS was assessed through 30 to 60 times experiments conducted under various conditions of laser powers and polarization modes, utilizing the count of generated crystals for each enantiomorph in the evaluation. Circularly polarized lasers at a specific power created an imbalance in the generation probability of the enantiomorphs, resulting in crystal enantiomeric excess values of 23% and −30%. The enantioselectivity mechanism was explored from two perspectives: refractive index differences of two enantiomorphs and 3D helical optical forces. Study of the thermodynamic mechanism was insufficient to explain the outcomes. Conversely, the 3D helical optical force mechanism revealed that the forces acting on EDS clusters in solution induced helical fluid motion, driving EDS nucleation, with the helicity of fluid motion determining the crystal's chirality. This approach will present new insights into chirality in industrial and research fields, with potential applications in regard to improving optical resolution and addressing the origin of homochirality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the modification of graphene oxide (GO) with ethylenediamine (EDA) to enhance its interlayer spacing to 1.04 nm and increase water flux to 879.2 L m−2 h−1. Subsequently, gallic acid (GA) was employed for secondary modification of the ethylenediamine-modified graphene oxide (EGO). Cellulose acetate (CA) served as the substrate for membrane fabrication, with the GA–EGO membrane prepared via a vacuum filtration method. The fundamental properties of the GA–EGO membrane were characterized using various analytical techniques, including water contact angle measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that the optimal concentration of GA in the GA–EGO membrane was 1 mg. Under these conditions, significant alterations to the membrane surface were observed, achieving a water contact angle of 0°, which corresponds to a superhydrophilic state. The GA–EGO membrane demonstrated an increased water flux of 1058.2 L m−2 h−1 and exhibited excellent emulsion separation capabilities, achieving a separation efficiency of 95.3% for coal–oil emulsions. Notably, after ten cycles of use, the GA–EGO membrane retained its operational efficiency. Furthermore, it maintained a separation efficiency exceeding 90% for emulsions derived from various oils, underscoring its promising potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black carbon (BC) generated from vehicle engine exhaust is a global environmental concern and a freely available carbon source. Herein, onion-like nanocarbon (ONC) isolated from diesel soot (DS) has been surface-functionalized with a small amine named ethylenediamine (en). The amine-functionalized ONC designated as f-en-ONC shows maximum emission at 430 nm under excitation at 350 nm. The aqueous solution of f-en-ONC emits a blue color on UV-light illumination and displays a quantum yield of ∼18%. Among the different tested biomolecules, f-en-ONC selectively detects glutamic acid (GLA) through fluorescence-based quenching. The limit of detection for GLA was found to be ∼ 17.3 μM. Based on spectral overlap studies, UV-visible spectra, and the Stern–Volmer plot, the dynamic quenching mechanism was suggested for the fluorescence-based sensing of GLA. Further, the water-soluble f-en-ONC was used as a bioimaging probe for cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a huge potential in developing robust, highly stable, and covalently crosslinked ceramics-decorated membranes that can be efficiently used for the treatment of oil-contaminated water. Hence, the current work was focused on developing a photo-active strontium titanate (SrTiO 3) perovskite ceramics decorated highly stable membrane with photocatalytic self-cleaning, superoleophobic underwater and superhydrophilic in air features. The SrTiO 3 perovskite structured ceramics were decorated in the active layer of the membranes through interfacial polymerization on a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltrationsupport. For the sake of photoactive SrTiO 3 ceramics nanoparticles to take part in the interfacial polymerization, the SrTiO 3 ceramics nanoparticles were functionalized with amino silane using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane yielding amino-functionalize-SrTiO 3 (F-SrTiO 3). Ethylenediamine (EDA) was used as an additional amine for ensuring the suitable cross-linking of the polyamide (PA) network where isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) was used as a crosslinker. The resultant F-SrTiO 3 /PA@PVDF membrane was thoroughly investigated through several membrane characterization techniques confirming the existence of all the components in the membrane structure. When applied for separating the emulsified and surfactant stabilized oil from water, the F-SrTiO 3 /PA@PVDF membrane showed excellent separation efficiency reaching >99 % for an emulsion of 200 ppm with a permeance of 56 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. Moreover, the membrane showed an underwater superoleophobic (θ O, W = 159.9°) nature owing to the presence of amide linkages and superhydrophilic F-SrTiO 3 nanoparticles. These features lowered the evidence of membrane fouling and the photocatalytic self-cleaning potential of F-SrTiO 3 resulted in removing the foulants from the membrane surface with a flux recovery of 95 % while keeping the separation efficiency intact. Hence, the current approach of covalently incorporating the photocatalytic, superhydrophilic F-SrTiO 3 in the membrane active layer proved to be robust and can be readily scaled up and applied in real-life filtration conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micronutrients play a crucial role in supporting plant growth and development, even though they are required in minimal quantities. Deficiencies in certain micronutrients can have a significant impact on plant development leading to reduced yields and lower-quality crops. Chelation, a vital process in plant nutrition, involves the formation of stable complexes of micronutrients bound to organic molecules, offering a promising solution to enhance their effectiveness in plant nutrition and mitigate deficiencies. Chelates contribute to the plant's stability and uptake of micronutrients, thus alleviating the effects of inadequacies. Chelating agents can be broadly categorized as synthetic or natural compounds. Synthetic chelators encompass substances like EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid), DTPA (Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic Acid), and EDDHA (Ethylene-Diamine-di-O-Hydroxy Phenylacetic Acid). In contrast, natural chelators include amino acids, peptides, and organic acids. The mechanisms of chelation in plants and soil involve intricate interactions among chelates, micronutrients, and soil components, facilitating the uptake and translocation of micronutrients within plant tissues. Although, natural chelates exhibit superior stability and compatibility with soil microbiota in addition to synthetic chelates still promotes sustained nutrient availability. Through this review, the efficacy of chelated micronutrients in enhancing plant growth, yield, and overall nutritional quality is investigated, shedding light on their potential to address deficiencies and optimize agricultural productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the needs of consumers for high-quality textiles, the blended fabrics gradually become the mainstream of the market. However, developing the union dyeing blended fabrics in finished fabrics is still challenging. In this paper, different mass fractions of urea, caustic soda, ethylenediamine, and ethylenediamine + urea + water fiber swelling agent were used to modify the blended fabric. The barium values for the two fibers, adsorption swelling time and temperature were measured. The results showed that ethylenediamine + urea + water displayed the best combination candidates for the union dyeing of the blended fabric, which had a certain degree of elimination of crystallinity on cotton fibers. The optimal swelling process parameters of ethylenediamine:urea:water were 75:15:10, the temperature is 30 °C, and the time is 90 min. Under this process, washing under different conditions had a significant effect on the union dyeing of the blended fabric. After the fabric was washed with alcohol, the cotton fiber configuration also changed from cellulose type I to cellulose type I (12) + EDA-I (88), with a high degree of transformation and a high degree of decrystallization (30.98%). The modal fiber configuration changed from cellulose type II to cellulose type II (77) + EDA- II (23), with a low degree of transformation and a low degree of decrystallization (8.83%).Finally, the union dyeing values were increased from 0.4 ~ 0.5 to 0.85 ~ 1.1 without.the change of style and feel of the blended fabric. Notably, the breaking strength of the blended fabrics was reinforced. This work has significant implications for the development of high-quality cotton/modal blended fabrics with high union dyeing and fixation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of LiMn1−xFexPO4 as a cathode material is hindered considerably by its poor electronic conductivity and slow lithium‐ion diffusion. In the present study, a uniform nitrogen‐doped carbon coating on LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 (LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4@NC) was achieved using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a chelating agent and carbon source. The nitrogen‐doped carbon layer enhanced the electronic conductivity and ionic diffusion of the LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 cathode. Furthermore, the uniform carbon layer prevented metal ion dissolution and stabilized the crystal structure. The resulting LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4@NC‐2 sample demonstrated superior performance with a specific capacity of 152.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and preserved 93.7 % of this capacity over 200 cycles at 1 C. Meanwhile, the LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4@NC‐2 sample demonstrated a high Li+ diffusion coefficient (3.98×10−11 cm2 s−1) and electrical conductivity (1.47×10−2 S cm−1). This study presents a novel approach to designing high‐performance cathode materials using a cost‐effective and straightforward process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study successfully developed a bio-based, photocurable, anionic–nonionic dual-functional chain extender, and sulfonated cardanol-based polyethylene glycol (SCP), derived from renewable resources—cardanol and polyethylene glycol—for application in waterborne polyurethane dispersions (WPUDs). Utilizing SCP as a chain extender, WPUDs were prepared through a typical acetone process with poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and ethylene diamine (EDA) at a constant NCO/OH ratio of 1:1. This research focused on the effects of polyethylene glycol molecular weight and SCP dosage on the particle size, stability, and film-forming properties of the WPUD. Optimal dispersion stability and film-forming performance were achieved with a polyethylene glycol molecular weight of 1500 and a PBA to SCP molar ratio of 4:1, yielding a particle size of 0.326 ± 0.010 μm and excellent storage stability over six months. The resulting WPU coatings exhibited a tensile strength of 11.4 MPa, which increased to 16.8 MPa after UV irradiation owing to the formation of a semi-interpenetrating network via the photopolymerization of cardanol's unsaturated side chains. UV cross-linking also enhanced water resistance, reducing the water absorption rate (WAR) from 18.68% to 4.21% and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) from 6.59 × 10−5 g·m⁻¹·Pa⁻¹·d⁻¹ to 2.26 × 10⁻⁵ g·m⁻¹·Pa⁻¹·d⁻¹, while also improving thermal stability. These findings demonstrate that SCP offers a sustainable and effective solution for developing high-performance WPU coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) focuses on systemic administration of medication, neglecting to proactively modulate the local microenvironment of skeletal system for superior therapeutic performance. Eldecalcitol (ED‐71), a novel drug for treating osteoporosis, still requires research to overcome high‐frequency delivery and low‐utilization. Here, a bone‐targeting and multishelled nanoparticles are developed for step‐wise release of ED‐71. The nanoparticles are achieved by using the chitosan/alginate outer layer as protective barrier against gastric acid, pectin middle layer as adhesive agent that improved intestinal penetration, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid‐grafted mesoporous silica nanomaterials core as bone‐targeting nanocarriers. After oral administration, the ED‐71‐loaded nanoparticles (ME‐ED‐71@PCA) promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by reducing intracellular oxidative stress, and inhibits the osteoclast differentiation. ME‐ED‐71@PCA improves bone mass in ovariectomized‐mice by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and the efficacy is more pronounced than ED‐71 alone. ME‐ED‐71@PCA exhibits satisfactory therapeutic performance due to its step‐wise drug release and bone‐targeting compared to ED‐71 administration, providing a new approach to re‐establish bone metabolic homeostasis in PMOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-Monosubstituted ethylenediamine derivatives with three methylene-tethered aromatic groups ((ArCH2)2NCH2CH2N(R)CH2Ar (R-ArArAr), where Ar = 2-pyridyl, 2-quinolyl, 1- and 3-isoquinolyl and 2-quinoxalyl; R = methyl, benzyl and phenyl) were utilized as pentadentate ligands for copper(II) complexation. Fifteen mononuclear copper(II) complexes were synthesized and exhibit differences in cyclic voltammetry, absorption spectroscopy and solid state geometries, depending on the aromatic group (Ar) and the substituent on the aliphatic nitrogen atom (R) of the ligand. Compared with the pyridine and isoquinoline complexes, the quinoline and quinoxaline derivatives exhibit distinct Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox potentials and d–d transition absorption wavelengths. Similarly, the phenyl derivatives are different from their methyl and benzyl counterparts. These characteristic trends are discussed in relation to the square-pyramidal/trigonal–bipyramidal structure of the complexes which is perturbed by the location of quinoline moieties in the penta- or hexacoordinate complexes with Jahn–Teller distortion. In addition, the results are compared to the copper(II) complexes with pyridine/quinoline mixed ligands, Ph-Ar1Ar2Ar3 ((Ar1CH2)(Ar2CH2)NCH2CH2N(Ph)CH2Ar3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to create models of phosphodiesterases, we previously investigated bis(guanidinium) naphthols. Such metal‐free anion receptors cleaved aryl phosphates and also plasmid DNA. Observed reaction rates, however, could not compete with those of highly reactive metal complexes. In the present study, we have replaced the guanidines by ethylene diamine side chains which accelerates the plasmid cleavage by compound 13 significantly (1 mM 13: t1/2=22 h). Further gains in reactivity are achieved by azo coupling of the naphthol unit. The electron accepting azo group decreases the pKa of the hydroxy group. It can also serve as a dye label and a handle for attaching DNA binding moieties. The resulting azo naphthol 17 not only nicks (1 mM 17: t1/2~1 h) but also linearizes pUC19 DNA. Although the high reactivity of 17 seems to result in part from aggregation, in the presence of EDTA azo naphthol 17 obeys first order kinetics (1 mM 17: t1/2=4.8 h), reacts four times faster than naphthol 13 and surpasses by far the former bis(guanidinium) naphthols 4 and 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Characterizing complicated solution phase systems in situ requires advanced modeling techniques to capture the intricate balances between the many chemical species. Due to the error inherent in any scientific measurement, a spectrophotometric titration experiment with nickel(II) and ethylenediamine (en) was repeated six times using an autotitrator to test the replicability of the data and the consistency of the resulting thermodynamic model. All six datasets could be modeled very tightly (R2 > 99.9999%) with the following eight complexes: [Ni]2+, [Ni2en]4+, [Nien]2+, [Ni2en3]4+, [Nien2]2+, [Ni2en5]4+, [Nien3]2+, and [Nien6]2+. The logK values for the stepwise associative reactions agree with existing literature values for the majority species ([Nienn = 1–3]2+) and matched expectations for the minority species; 95% confidence intervals for each logK value were determined via bootstrapping, which quantifies the variability in the binding constant value that is supported by a given dataset. The repeated experiments, which could not be successfully concatenated together, demonstrate that replication is crucial to capturing all the variability in the logK values. Conversely, bootstrapped confidence intervals across multiple experiments can be readily combined to generate an appropriate range for an experimentally determined binding constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron homeostasis is vital for normal physiology, but in the majority of circumstances, like iron overload, this equilibrium is upset leading to free iron in the plasma. This condition with excess iron is known as hemochromatosis, which has been linked to many side effects, including cancer and liver cirrhosis. The current research aimed to investigate active molecules from Streptomyces sp. isolated from the extreme environment of Bahawalpur deserts. The strain was characterized using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Chemical analysis of the ethyl acetate cure extract revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. Multiple ultraviolet (UV) active metabolites that were essential for the stated pharmacological activities were also demonstrated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the primary constituents of the extract to compose of phenol and ester compounds. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to assess the extract's antioxidant capacity, and the results showed a good half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.034 µg/mL in comparison to the positive control ascorbic acid's 0.12 µg/mL. In addition, iron chelation activity of extract showed significant chelation potential at 250 and 125 µg/mL, while 62.5 µg/mL showed only mild chelation of the ferrous ion using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as a positive control. Likewise, the extract's cytotoxicity was analyzed through 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using varying concentrations of the extract and showed 51% cytotoxicity at 350 µg/mL and 65% inhibition of cell growth at 700 µg/mL, respectively. The bioactive compounds from Streptomyces sp. demonstrated strong antioxidant and iron chelating potentials and can prolong the cell survival in extreme environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication route of the antifogging coating. [Display omitted] Hydrophilic coating can prevent surface from fogging but its application is limited by low mechanical performance. In this study, a hydrophilic coating was prepared by crosslinking the Si-doped carbonized polymer dot (Si-CPD) with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and ethylene oxide (EO). The hydrophilic coating can be used as robust hydrophilic anti-fogging coating. The Si-CPD derived from ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and aminopropyl oligosiloxanes (APOS) was successfully prepared via one-step hydrothermal method. Then, a resin solution was prepared by mixing Si-CPD, GPTMS and EO. Epoxy group of GPTMS and EO can react with amino group of Si-CPD. Finally, a composite coating with antifogging function can be obtained by simple heating curing. Due to the introduction of hydroxyl which derived from EO, the coating shows excellent antifogging performance. Meanwhile, the presence of inorganic component endows the coating with outstanding mechanical performance. The coating has great potential in related applications, such as optical lenses, mirrors and other transparency substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), fullerene derivatives are predominantly used as an electron transport material (ETM) despite their disadvantages, such as parasitic absorption in the short wavelength range and high cost. State‐of‐the‐art n‐i‐p PSCs are fabricated using SnO2 as the ETM due to their high charge transfer ability, transparency, and low cost. However, in p–i–n PSCs, dispersing SnO2 nanoparticles in a solvent that does not damage the perovskite and forming a uniform layer is challenging. Herein, a strategy of directly depositing SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) on perovskite using ethylenediamine (EDA) for high‐performance applications is reported, which involves a SnO2 QD solution designed with a damage‐free cosolvent. Treating the SnO2 QD layer with the EDA strategy creates a conformal SnO2 QD layer and improves charge transport. This strategy achieves a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.9% in PSCs with a 1.77 eV bandgap, which is the highest PCE reported for wide bandgap p–i–n PSCs using an inorganic ETM. The top SnO2 layer enables ITO deposition without sputtering damage and achieves a bifacial factor of 99% due to the high transmittance of SnO2 QD. The resulting four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem exhibited a PCE of 27.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper portrays the solution-phase dynamics as copper(II) and ethylenediamine explore a multitude of different complexes. The data from five spectrophotometric titrations were globally analysed, evidencing four predominant species ([Cu]2+, [Cu(en-N,N’)]2+, [Cu(en-N,N’)2]2+, [Cu(en-N)4]2+) along with their molar absorptivity curves and associative binding constants. The data also seem to support a fifth species, [Cu2(µ-en-N,N’)]4+, in which ethylenediamine bridges two Cu(II) centres. The thermodynamic stability of all five species is corroborated by ab initio computational calculations. The potential existence of [Cu(en-N)4]2+ highlights the suprachelate effect – going beyond the chelate effect – where multidenticity is overtaken by monodenticity. Such dangling multidentate ligands are available to bind to additional metal centres and thus build towards self-assembling supramolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel nickel(II) ethylenediamine compound, [Ni(en)3](2-chlorophenylacetate)2, has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis, FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis, magnetic moment, molar conductivity measurement, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex crystallizes in a triclinic crystal system with P 1 ¯ space group with cell dimensions of a = 8.9050(2), b = 12.5620(4), c = 14.0590(4) Å, α = 102.259(2)°, β = 107.172(2)°, and γ = 106.914(2)°. The complex consists of [Ni(en)3]2+ as the cationic part and two discrete 2-chlorophenylacetate ions as anionic counterparts divulging the existence of a second sphere complex with distorted octahedral geometry. Besides electrostatic forces of attraction, non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonding and C-H...π) sew the second sphere in extended three-dimensional supramolecular architecture and provide robustness to the crystal lattice. Field electron scanning microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX) were employed to study the surface morphology of the structure. To explore the structural insights and bonding in the complex theoretical studies, i.e., density functional theory (DFT) and Hirshfeld surface analysis have also been employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the purpose of economizing the routine soil testing for micronutrients and avoiding the use of multiple soil extraction procedures, a laboratory investigation was attempted to evaluate a new chemical extractant for assessing the availability of common micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, and B) in soils of widely varying properties (n = 32). The new extractant designated as OM-MES-VERA# contained 0.01 M oxalic acid, 0.02 M maleic acid, 0.02 M 2-(N-Morpholino) ethane sulfonic acid (MES), 0.0025 M ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid di-sodium salt, 0.02 M acetic acid, and 0.1% polyacrylamide (final pH adjusted to 6.0). OM-MES-VERA extracted significantly higher amounts of micronutrient cations and B from soils compared to the conventional diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA, pH 7.3) extractable micronutrient cations and hot water soluble B, respectively, but lesser amount of Mo compared to Mehlich-3 universal extractant. Soil test values by both OM-MES-VERA- and conventional extractants were correlated with soil properties. The labile (E and L) values of micronutrient cations and Mo estimated by isotopic dilution method, ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA, pH 7.6 extractable soil B (as an estimate of E for B) and B concentration in maize (as an estimate of L for B) were successfully regressed on soil test values of micronutrients by OM-MES-VERA and conventional soil extractants except in the case of DTPA (pH 7.3) for E-value of Fe and L-value of Mn. The OM-MES-VERA extractant can be considered to assess the availability of common micronutrients in soils of diverse soil properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of Schiff base ligand N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (H2L) with [CoII2(μ-OH2)(O2CCMe3)4(HO2CCMe3)4] (CoII2-Piv) (Piv = pivalate) and Ln(NO3)3·xH2O (for 1, 3, 4x = 5; for 2, x = 6) salts in the presence of triethylamine afforded [CoIIILnIII(L)(μ-Piv)2(η1-Piv)2(η1-OHMe)2] [where Ln = Dy, for 1; Tb, for 2; Ho, for 3; and Er, for 4] complexes. The heterometallic dinuclear ensemble is built via the bridging coordination action of [L]2− and four [Piv]− ligands. Further, the Ln(III) center is coordinated by two η1-OHMe ligands. Shape analysis of all the Ln(III) centers in 1–4 reveals the existence of a distorted triangular dodecahedron geometry. Magnetic studies revealed that compound 1 shows slow magnetic relaxation under zero-field at low temperatures whereas compound 4 displays field-induced slow magnetic relaxation. This phenomenon is in agreement with the results of theoretical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) are key to unlocking the potential of lithium metal batteries (LMBs), but their high thickness (>100 µm) due to poor mechanical properties limits energy density improvements. Herein, an ultrathin (≈5 µm) polymer SSE with a high Young's modulus (10.6 GPa), made from a polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) matrix and an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) additive is proposed. By virtue of the electron‐donating property, EDTA induces the conformation transformation of PVDF‐HFP, enhancing the mechanical strength by a fine‐grain strengthening mechanism. In addition, PVDF‐HFP with cis‐conformation shortens the pathway for Li+, promotes the Li+ dissociation and immobilizes the anions of lithium salt, thus increasing the ionic conductivity (2.47 × 10−4 S cm−1) and transfer number (0.59) of the electrolyte. Moreover, the electrolyte also possesses a wide voltage window (4.7 V) and good heat/flame resistance. The half cells and full cells with the electrolytes show good cycling and rate performance. Notably, a pouch cell based on the electrolyte exhibits impressive energy densities of 516 Wh kg−1 and 1520 Wh L−1 (excluding packages), showing great potential for practical use in LMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work describes the grafting of a polymer‐metal chelate (PMC) from Fe3O4@SiO2 core‐shells via the Surface Initiated‐Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI‐ATRP). The magnetic core‐shells were silylated by 2‐bromo‐2‐methyl‐N‐(3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propanamide (BTPAm) to give the surface‐anchored ATRP initiator. Acrylamide was polymerized from the Fe3O4@SiO2 surface via the ATRP approach. The grafted magnetic nanoparticles were trans‐amidated with ethylenediamine to give poly(N‐2‐aminoethylacrylamide) grafted magnetic core‐shells, Fe3O4@SiO2‐g‐PAE‐AAm. The grafted chelating polymer ligand (CPL) was treated with an acetonitrile solution of CuI to afford the Fe3O4@SiO2‐g‐PAE‐AAm−Cu(I). The grafted PMC was characterized by FT‐IR, CP/MAS 13C NMR, and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA). The grafted PMC catalyzed the N−C bond formation via the Ullmann‐type N‐arylation reaction of haloarenes and anilines under optimal reaction conditions. Mono N‐arylation product was obtained as the major product with excellent selectivity. The excellent recyclability of the catalyst was shown by negligible deactivation over six runs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical conductimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to investigate the aggregation behaviors of four amino acid-based surfactants (AABSs; undecanoyl-glycine, undecanoyl-l-alanine, undecanoyl-l-valine, undecanoyl-l-leucine) in the presence of five linear diamine counterions (1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane). Electrical conductimetry was used to measure the CMCs for each system, which ranged from 5.1 to 22.5 mM. With respect to counterions, the obtained CMCs decreased with increases in the interamine spacer length; this was attributed to the improved torsional binding flexibility in longer counterions. Strong linear correlations (mean R2 = 0.9443) were observed between the CMCs and predicted surfactant partition coefficients (logP; water/octanol), suggesting that micellization is primarily driven by the AABS's hydrophobicity for these systems. However, significant deviations in this linear relationship were observed for systems containing 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,4-diaminobutane, and 1,6-diaminohexane (p = 0.0774), suggesting altered binding dynamics for these counterions. pH measurements during the CMC determination experiments indicated the full deprotonation of the AABSs but did not give clear insights into the counterion protonation states, thus yielding an inconclusive evaluation of their charge stabilization effects during binding. However, DLS measurements revealed that the micellar size remained largely independent of the counterion length for counterions longer than 1,2-diaminoethane, with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 2.2 to 2.8 nm. This was explained by the formation of charge-stabilized noncovalent dimers, with each counterion bearing a full +2 charge. Conductimetry-based estimates of the degrees of counterion binding (β) and free energies of micellization (ΔG°M) revealed that bulky AABSs exhibit preferential binding to counterions with an even number of methylene groups. It is proposed that when these counterions form noncovalent dimers, perturbations in their natural geometries result in the formation of a binding pocket that accommodates the AABS steric bulk. While the direct application of these systems remains to be seen, this study provides valuable insights into the structure–property relationships that govern AABS aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, we reported the synthesis of the nanocomposites of poly(n-butyl acrylate) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) via dynamic crosslinking of poly(n-butyl acrylate)-grafted Fe3O4 NPs with hindered urea bonds (HUBs). Towards this end, the surfaces of Fe3O4 NPs were grafted with poly(n-butyl acrylate-ran-2-(3-tert-butyl-3-ethylureido)ethyl acrylate) chains [denoted as Fe3O4-g-P(BA-r-TBEA)] via living radical polymerization. Thereafter, 1,2-bis(tert-butyl)ethylenediamine was used as a crosslinker to afford the organic–inorganic networks with variable contents of Fe3O4 NPs and crosslinking densities. It was found that the fine dispersion of Fe3O4 NPs in the matrix of poly(n-butyl acrylate) was achieved. The nanocomposites exhibited excellent reprocessing properties, attributed to the introduction of HUBs. Owing to the crosslinking, the nanocomposites displayed excellent shape memory properties. Further, the nanocomposites possessed photo- and magnetic–thermal properties, which were inherited from Fe3O4 NPs. These functional properties allow triggering the shape shifting of the nanocomposites in an uncontacted fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared from waste plastic using the two steps pyrolysis method and subsequently functionalized with ethylene diamine (EDA) to develop amino‐functionalized rGO (EDA‐rGO). To make the thermal and mechanical properties more proficient, EDA‐rGO was further incorporated as a nanofiller into a low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix using the melt mixing method followed by hot‐pressing. A variety of analytical methods, such as FT‐IR, XRD, XPS, DSC, TGA, DMA, Raman spectroscopy, and HRTEM, were used to characterize the elements and morphology of rGO and EDA‐rGO. The results showed that the addition of 5 wt% EDA‐rGO to LDPE polymers significantly improved the mechanical and thermal properties, such as storage modulus by 62%, loss modulus by 67%, young's modulus by 123%, tensile strength by 79.83%, respectively. The thermal decomposition temperatures of 5%, 10% and 50% were increased by 14.01, 9.34, and 4.8°C, respectively. This study provides a feasible and ecologically sustainable way of repurposing plastic waste concurrently enhancing the properties of polymer composites. Highlights: Synthesis & functionalization of rGO from waste plastic using EDA.EDA‐rGO used as a nanofiller to fabricate LDPE polymer nanocomposites.EDA‐rGO enhanced the thermal stability of LDPE nanocomposites.The tensile strength & modulus of the LDPE composites are greatly improved.The storage, loss modulus, Tm and Tc enhanced by 62%, 67%, 4.4°C & 2.6°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nosocomial infections are a global problem in hospitals all around the world. It is considered a major health problem, especially in developing countries. The increase in the patient's stay in hospitals has increased the mortality rate, and consequently, the costs drastically increase. The main purpose of using disinfectants in the hospital environment is to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections. Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) causes lysis and increases susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in the planktonic form of bacteria. This substance affects the permeability of the outer membrane of bacteria. It also prevents the formation of biofilms by bacteria. Materials and methods: In the current study, 120 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) were confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antibiogram was performed and then the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of isolates against 5% sodium hypochlorite, ethanol %70, sayasept-HP 2%, chlorhexidine 2%, dettol 4/8% were evaluated. In addition, the disinfectant effect was re-evaluated with the mixture of EDTA solution. All isolates were examined for biofilm presence by crystal violet staining method in triplicates and repeated three times for each strain. Also for all isolates detection of efflux pump genes (Qac-E, qacE-Δ1, SUG-E) by PCR technique was done. Results: Antibiogram results of A. baumannii showed that 6.7% were Multi-drug-resistant (MDR), and 89.2% were Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates. The highest effect of disinfectants was related to 5% sodium hypochlorite, and the least effect was 70% ethanol. EDTA increases the efficacy of selected disinfectants significantly. The highest prevalence of the efflux pump genes was related to SUG-E (95%) and Qac-E (91.7%), and, the qacE-Δ1 gene with 12.5%. The biofilm production rate was 91.3% among all isolates. Conclusion: The best and safest way to disinfect hospital floors and surfaces is to choose the right disinfectants, and learn how to use them properly. In this study, a mixture of disinfectants and EDTA had a significant effect on bactericidal activity. it was found that improper use of disinfectants, especially the use of sub-inhibitory dilutions, increases the resistance of bacteria to disinfectants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, cellulose (Cel) and its modified forms have emerged as a new class of versatile adsorbents for removing dyes from aqueous solutions. This work reports the immobilization of macromolecules obtained from reactions between ethylenediamine (N) and ethylene sulfide (S) in three molar proportions (1:1, 1:2, and 1:4) on the surface of chlorinated cellulose (Cl-Cel), aiming to increase the adsorption capacity of dyes. The materials obtained (NS-Cel, N2S-Cel, and N4S-Cel) were characterized by elemental analysis, which demonstrated immobilization of macromolecules with a ratio of 12 ethylene sulfides to 1 ethylenediamine in the materials NS-Cel and N4S-Cel and a ratio of 10 ethylene sulfides to 1 ethylenediamine in NS-Cel. Intense C-H stretching bands of CH2 groups at 2900 cm−1 in the FT-IR spectra suggest a large amount of the functional group, corroborating the 13C NMR spectra, which presented a signal at 33 ppm referring to methylene carbons. The materials obtained had excellent performance in removing the dyes studied, with the adsorption capacity of the Remazol yellow GR dye being approximately 24 times greater than the raw material (87.70 ± 2.63 mg g−1) for the best-hyperbranched cellulose N4S-Cel and 3.60 ± 0.18 mg g−1 for Cel, and about ten times higher for the dye Remazol red RB (57.84 ± 1.73 mg g−1) for N4S-Cel compared to previously published work for Cel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential of graphene oxide (GO) as an additive in waterborne polyurethane (WPU) resins to create eco-friendly coatings with enhanced anticorrosive properties. Traditionally, WPU's hydrophilic nature has limited its use in corrosion-resistant coatings. We investigate the impact of incorporating various GO concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1.3 wt%) and functionalizing GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) on the development of anticorrosive coatings for carbon steel. It was observed, by potentiodynamic polarization analysis in a 3.5% NaCl solution, that the low GO content in the WPU matrix significantly improved anticorrosion properties, with the 0.01 wt% GO-EDA formulation showing exceptional performance, high Ecorr (−117.82 mV), low icorr (3.70 × 10−9 A cm−2), and an inhibition corrosion efficiency (η) of 99.60%. Raman imaging mappings revealed that excessive GO content led to agglomeration, creating pathways for corrosive species. In UV/condensation tests, the 0.01 wt% GO-EDA coating exhibited the most promising results, with minimal corrosion products compared to pristine WPU. The large lateral dimensions of GO sheets and the cross-linking facilitated by EDA enhanced the interfacial properties and dispersion within the WPU matrix, resulting in superior barrier properties and anticorrosion performance. This advancement underscores the potential of GO-based coatings for environmentally friendly corrosion protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron(III) complexes based on N,N´-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salene) scaffolds have demonstrated promising anticancer features like induction of ferroptosis, an iron dependent cell death. Since poor cellular uptake limits their therapeutical potential, this study aimed to enhance the lipophilic character of chlorido[N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylenediamine]iron(III) complexes by introducing lipophilicity improving ligands such as fluorine (X1), chlorine (X2) and bromine (X3) in 5-position in the salicylidene moieties. After detailed characterization the binding to nucleophiles, logP values and cellular uptake were determined. The complexes were further evaluated regarding their biological activity on MDA-MB 231 mammary carcinoma, the non-tumorous SV-80 fibroblast, HS-5 stroma and MCF-10A mammary gland cell lines. Stability of the complexes in aqueous and biological environments was proven by the lack of interactions with amino acids and glutathione. Cellular uptake was positively correlated with the logP values, indicating that higher lipophilicity enhanced cellular uptake. The complexes induced strong antiproliferative and antimetabolic effects on MDA-MB 231 cells, but were inactive on all non-malignant cells tested. Generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, increase of lipid peroxidation and induction of both ferroptosis and necroptosis were identified as mechanisms of action. In conclusion, halogenation of chlorido[N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylenediamine]iron(III) complexes raises their lipophilic character resulting in improved cellular uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melatonin's antioxidant properties make it a valuable component in anti-aging semisolid topical products. This study explores the role of Pemulen®, an acrylic-based viscosifying agent, in stabilizing cream-gel formulations. Remarkably, even at low concentrations (0.4%), Pemulen® successfully produced physicochemical stable topical formulations. In this work, the impact of the ratio of the oily phase—comprising olive oil and isopropyl myristate from 0 to 20%—was investigated to understand the internal microstructure effect on skin permeability, rheological properties, and stability. The formulations exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, with a significant positive correlation (p-value < 0.1) between the oily phase ratio, viscosity, spreadability, skin adhesiveness, and permeability. Formulations without the oil phase exhibited greater skin permeability. However, higher oily phase content enhanced viscosity, spreadability, and skin adhesion. Given that melatonin primarily degrades through oxidation, incorporating antioxidant excipients in semisolid formulations is crucial for maintaining its chemical stability. A quality by design (QbD) approach was used to assess the impact of four excipients—(a) DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (0.05%), (b) ascorbic acid (0.1%), (c) ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (0.1%), and (d) sodium metabisulphite (0.5%)—on melatonin's stability. Our findings indicate that maintaining the physical stability of the formulation with a 20% oil phase is more critical for protecting melatonin from oxidation than merely adding antioxidant excipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Processing of bone marrow trephine biopsies involves the use of various fixatives and decalcifying agents, which can impact immunohistochemistry (IHC) results. However, a simultaneous analysis of both simultaneous fixatives and decalcifying agents has not been conducted. Objective: To determine the optimal protocol that would yield superior IHC staining results. Materials and Methods: Twenty reactive tonsillectomy specimens were collected. Forty-two tissue pieces of size 2x2x2 mm, from each tonsil were subjected to different fixation and decalcification protocols. The tested fixatives included 10% buffered formalin and aceto-zinc formalin solution (AZF), with fixation durations of 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours. Decalcification was performed using 5% nitric acid, "Decal II® (Surgipath)", 10% formic acid, 20% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (pH 7.1), and 10% EDTA (pH 7.4). The effect of each protocol on staining quality was assessed using the tissue microarray (TMA) approach. The tested IHC staining panel included CD3, CD20, PAX5, CD30, CD5, cyclin D1, CD10, BCL6, and Ki67. Results: Ten percent buffered formalin demonstrated significantly better IHC staining results compared to AZF, particularly for nuclear-stained antibodies. The duration of fixation of 2, 4, 8, or 24 hours, did not significantly affect the staining outcomes. Among the decalcifying agents, both 10% formic acid and 10% EDTA provided superior IHC staining results compared to the others. Both agents yielded similar staining outcomes without a significant difference. Conclusion: For optimized IHC staining in bone marrow trephine biopsy, 10% buffered formalin is recommended as the preferred fixative, while either 10% formic acid or 10% EDTA can be used for decalcification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study outlines the approach that was employed for cloning, expression, and characterization of the recombinant pullulanase enzyme from Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using pET‐25b (+) expression vector. The recombinant pullulanase enzyme was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). The molecular mass of the purified pullulanase enzyme was measured using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) as 95 kDa. The purified recombinant pullulanase enzyme demonstrated significant thermal stability, maintaining its structural integrity and functionality at temperatures as high as 90°C over a period of 4 h. The inclusion of divalent metal ions, specifically Ca2+ and Mg2+, had a positive effect on the activity of the pullulanase enzyme. Conversely, the presence of Co2+ and EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid) resulted in suppression of the enzyme activity. The purified pullulanase enzyme demonstrated remarkable resistance when exposed to organic solvents. The enzyme activity was notably decreased in the presence of SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) while β‐mercaptoethanol and tween‐60 did not substantially affect the enzyme activity and stability which suggest its potential applicability in the detergent sector. This discovery indicates a potential approach to improve the effectiveness of currently available detergents in the marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films modified with ethylenediamine (en) and doped by nanoparticles (TiO2, ZnO, NiO, and MgO). A mixture of 0.5 g PVC/en dissolved in THF and 0.01 wt % of nanoparticles were used in doping PVC to produce the nanocomposite films. All modified PVC films were characterized by different analysis techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer (NMR), diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DRS was used to analyse the scattered IR energy of the samples at wavelengths between (250–1350 nm). The optical properties and oscillator strength were also studied, the transmittance and reflectance values declined for the PVC films, and the absorption coefficient was observed between (79–89 %). The direct energy gap decreased from 4.6 to 1.9, and the indirect energy gap reduced from 4.3 to 1.9. The XRD exhibited a semi‐crystalline structure and the SEM test exhibited a porous structure of all samples. The Urbach energy was increased from 0.8772 eV to 14.712 eV, single oscillator energy (Eo ${{E}_{o}}$) was also increased from 6.38 eV to 13.69 eV and the dispersion energy (Ed) ${{(E}_{d})}$ increased from 23.40 eV to 70.63 eV. Moreover, the surface roughness parameters Ra and Rq of the PVC films in modified and doping were increased from 3.86 nm to 8.14 nm, and 5.08 nm to 10.10 nm respectively. So, PVC results show increased optical properties after modification with en and doping by NPs are used in the light conversion and aerospace industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encapsulation of metal particles into zeolites is an attractive strategy for stabilizing metal species. Nevertheless, most metal cations tend to precipitate under basic and hydrothermal conditions without the use of effective anchoring agents. Herein, low‐cost diamines of ethylenediamine and propanediamine were selected as effective chelators, which stabilized the Cu species under basic conditions and then anchored them into the framework of MFI (silicate‐1) during the hydrothermal process. The obtained Cu@MFI−R catalyst showed >96 % ethanol conversion and 98 % acetaldehyde selectivity in the 300 h time on stream, demonstrating superior advantages over the impregnation method prepared Cu/MFI catalysts. Characterization of Cu@MFI−R catalysts revealed that Cu nanoparticles were fixed in the framework of MFI, producing abundant Cu+ species for ethanol conversion. Additionally, the spatial confinement effects inhibited Cu+ reduction and aggregations, affording a high catalyst stability. Differently, over Cu/MFI catalysts, the unconfined Cu+ species were prone to be reduced into Cu0 during the reaction, resulting in the Cu particles aggregation and activity depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, the transformation of polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) from thermoset into vitrimer is introduced. First, two N‐coordinated diboronic diols are successfully synthesized via the reaction of N,N,N‐tri(2‐hydroxyethyl)amine and/or N,N,N",N"‐tetrakis(2‐hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine with 4‐(hydroxymethyl) phenylboronic acid and then they are transformed into two N‐coordinated cyclic boronic diacrylates. The latter two dienes carrying electron‐withdrawing substituents are used for the ring opening insertion metathesis copolymerization (ROIMP) of dicyclopentadiene to afford the crosslinked PDCPD. In the crosslinked PDCPD networks, N‐coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds are integrated. It is found that the as‐obtained PDCPD networks displayed the excellent reprocessing properties. In the meantime, the fracture toughness is significantly improved. Owing to the inclusion of N‐coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds, the modified PDCPDs have the thermal stability much superior to plain PDCPD. The results reported in this work demonstrate that PDCPD can successfully be transformed into the vitrimers via the introduction of N‐coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landscape utilization is a green and environment-friendly way of disposing of compost sludge. Garden plants can extract heavy metals from the sludge of land use, but the effect is not enough to be widely used. Chelating agents have been found to facilitate the extraction of heavy metals from plants and are expected to be popularized if they are also environmentally friendly. In this study, the effects of methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA), tetrasodium glutamate diacetate (GLDA), and ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) on the extraction of Ni and Cd from compost sludge by Symphytum officinale L. were studied through the pot experiment. Compared with the control group, the application of 5–10 mmol kg−1 MGDA and 1–9 mmol kg−1 GLDA promoted plant growth, while the application of 3–4 mmol kg−1 EDTA inhibited plant growth. The highest Ni content in shoots appeared in 4 mmol kg−1 GLDA treatment, which was 4.2 times that of the CK group. The highest shoot Cd concentration appeared in 4 mmol kg−1 EDTA treatment, 6.5 times that of CK. The promotion effects of the three reagents on the acid-extractable state of Cd were similar, while that of GLDA on the acid-extractable state of Ni was outstanding. The results of this study suggested that S. officinale could be a potential phytoextraction plant for Cd and Ni, and GLDA could friendly promote the Ni phytoextraction ability of the plant. The study provides a new and efficient method for phytoremediation of heavy metals in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pd-based anode catalysts with superior activity are urgent for formic acid oxidation to further boost the direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) technologies. Herein, a strategy of ethylenediamine (EDA) modified Pd/C catalyst was developed by two main steps of EDA adsorbed on Vulcan XC-72 carbon by impregnation and Pd nanoparticles loaded on the freeze-dried C-EDA supports by liquid reduction method. The effects of sweep rates and concentrations of EDA on the formic acid electrooxidation were systematically studied. Results showed that the above parameter was optimized as the concentration of EDA of 0.1 mol L−1. Pd nanoparticles with even distribution were fabricated and particle sizes were in the range of 3.5–4.2 nm. In addition, Pd particle size became smaller with the addition of EDA, suggesting that EDA could induce the generation of smaller Pd. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the electrocatalytic activity of Pd/C-0.22EDA (1021 mA mg−1) with optimized modification concentration was improved as a factor of 3.82 than that of Pd/C (267 mA mg−1). An enhanced stability (about 41 times higher than Pd/C) and faster charge-transfer kinetics of formic acid electrooxidation were observed for Pd/C-0.22EDA catalyst. CV and CA measurements showed that the most active catalyst was made of the smallest (3.5 nm) Pd nanoparticles for Pd/C-0.22EDA catalyst. The better electrocatalytic performances of Pd/C-0.22EDA might be ascribed to evenly dispersed Pd with relatively smaller particle size, electron regulation between Pd and amine group as well as stable Pd structure. • Ethylenediamine modified Pd/C was firstly prepared to enhance properties of formic acid oxidation. • The adding of EDA contributed to form fine and stable Pd with even distribution. • The modification of EDA greatly enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability. • The mechanism of enhanced electrocatalytic performances for Pd/C-EDA was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO 2 -based photoelectrocatalysts are synthesized by anodization at 90, 70 and 50V, using ethylenediamine to incorporate C and N elements (i.e. formation of coordinated complexes). The analysis is focused on determining the effects of oxygen vacancies, crystallite size, phase type, band gap size, elemental surface composition, roughness, and thickness of the photoelectrodes, to establish those influencing the photoelectroactivity of H 2 production. H 2 is generated with irradiations simulating solar conditions, and only visible-light. The photoelectrode formed at 70V develops the largest photocurrent, and consequently the largest H 2 production. It is revealed that the lowest content of oxygen vacancies, the highest amount of elemental C and O at the surface, and the reduction of the main band gap in this photoelectrode substantially control the photoactivity of this reaction. While the roughness and thickness of the coatings, the crystallite size, the specific surface area, and the surface compositions of elemental Ti and N are found to be negligible. [Display omitted] • Ethylenediamine was effective to incorporate C and N species into anodized TiO 2. • C and N incorporations reduced the main band gaps of all (CN)–TiO 2 photoanodes. • Oxygen vacancies, surface contents of C and O, and band gap size control H 2 yield. • Roughness, thickness, and crystallite size of catalysts do not impact H 2 activity. • Specific area and surface compositions of Ti and N are negligible for H 2 generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse the role of platelet indices in diabetes mellitus and its association with microvascular complications. Material and Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted among patients admitted in Medicine ward for a period of 1 year. During the study period; we were able to recruit 122 subjects. Patients were selected by convenience sampling technique till desired sample size was reached during the study period.All patients were completely evaluated clinically with special reference to any microvascular complications. Blood sample was taken under all aseptic conditions from ante cubital vein by a clean puncture avoiding any bubbles and froth. About 2 ml of blood sample each was collected in Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA) vial (for complete hemogram and HbA1C) and Fluoride bulb (for Fasting Blood Sugar& Post Prandial Blood Sugar).The testing of blood was done within 2 hours of collection to avoid changing because of ageing of blood cells. Results: Microvascular complications were present in 53.28% of the study subjects. Mean P-LCR was 45.19 in diabetic neuropathy subjects while 42.15 in non- diabetic neuropathy subjects with statistically significant difference. MPV (fL) and PDW (fL) was higher in nephropathy subjects as compared to non- diabetic neuropathy subjects with statistically significant difference. Mean MPV (fL), PDW (fL) and P-LCR was higher in retinopathy subjects as compared to non-diabetic retinopathy subjects with statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The higher values of MPV, PDW, and P-LCR in participants with microvascular complications indicates that platelet indices can be used as better prognostic markers for early detection of diabetic complications and can be used as a simple and cost-effective parameter to monitor and predict the risk of microvascular complications and institute appropriate preventive measures in diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In this study, Dioscorea preussii root tuber hemagglutinin was purified and its physicochemical properties were determined. The antioxidative and anti-hemolytic activities of the hemagglutinin were also investigated. Materials and Methods: The hemagglutinating assay was used to detect the presence of lectin in the phosphate-buffered saline extract of the D. preussii root tuber. The lectin was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation and molecular sieve chromatography. The optimum pH and temperature were determined. In addition, antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2 diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, metal chelating, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Red blood cells subjected to oxidative damage caused by H2 O2 were employed to evaluate their antihemolytic ability. Results: Starch inhibited hemagglutinin activity. Dioscorea preussii hemagglutinin (DPH) maintained full hemagglutinating activity from 30 °C to 60 °C and pH 5-13. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid did not affect the hemagglutinating activity of hemagglutinin. All denaturing agents (Guanidine-HCl, urea, and β-mercaptoethanol) reduced the hemagglutinating activity of the hemagglutinin to different degrees. The hemagglutinin scavenged the DPPH radical and chelated iron metal with half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.727 ± 0.035 mg/mL and 0.583 ± 0.078 mg/mL, respectively, while the FRAP assay showed that it contained 76 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent per gram of the purified hemagglutinin. In the absence of hemolytic agents and at lower concentration tested, hemagglutinin showed positive membrane integrity protection. Conclusion: This study provides information on the antioxidant properties of D. preussii root tuber hemagglutinin as well as its cell membrane protective ability. The lectin is a starch-binding, which makes it a novel lectin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper selenide nanoparticles (CuSeNP) were synthesized using histidine, ethylenediamine, and sodium selenate as precursors by one-step microwave digestion methods. The as-prepared CuSeNPs exhibit excellent catechol oxidase mimic enzyme and catalase (CAT)-like activities. Dopamine (DA) can be oxidized to aminochrome with H2O2 by CuSeNPs, and the intermediate product aminochrome can further react with α-naphthol to yield a highly fluorescent derivative. It was confirmed that Cr(III) could adsorb on the surface of CuSeNPs and inhibit the production of semiquinone radicals in the reaction system, and the catalytic activity of CuSeNPs was inhibited. The detection mechanisms, kinetics, and catalytic properties of CuSeNPs were systematically investigated. As a result, a novel fluorescence method for the assay of Cr(III) was established. The feasibility of CuSeNP nanozyme in detecting speciation Cr(III) in food samples was explored with satisfactory results. It showed the obvious potential for developing effective and dependable fluorescent detection method for protecting food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO nanowires (ZnO NWs), ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and carbon dots (C-dots) were synthesized by hydrothermal, sol-gel and hydrothermal methods respectively. They were also characterized and applied for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The effects of C-dots on ZnO NWs and ZnO NPs have been evaluated. The C-dots were used at a mole ratio of citric acid (CA) to ethylene diamine (EDA) of 1 : 1.5. These C-dots were found to enhance the performance of the flexible electrode DSSCs. After the addition of C-dots, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ZnO NPs was boosted to be two times higher than that of ZnO NPs DSSCs without C-dots. Similarly, the ultraviolet (UV)-band revealed a blue shift, resulting in a lower band gap and a reduced charge transfer resistance, which can enhance the PCE of DSSCs. The loaded quantity on the flexible electrode substrate made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was optimized (50 mg). For DSSCs, the PET flexible electrode conductive polymer has produced positive outcomes. For ZnO NWs and ZnO NWs@C-dots, the PCE values were 1.45% and 4.25%; while for ZnO NPs and ZnO NPs@C-dots, they were 2.34% and 5.81%, respectively. This work achieved remarkable and competitive performance when compared to solid (indium tin oxides/glass)-based substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybenzoxazine (PBz) aerogels hold immense potential, but their conventional production methods raise environmental and safety concerns. This research addresses this gap by proposing an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing high-performance carbon derived from polybenzoxazine. The key innovation lies in using eugenol, ethylene diamine, and formaldehyde to create a polybenzoxazine precursor. This eliminates hazardous solvents by employing the safer dimethyl sulfoxide. An acidic catalyst plays a crucial role, not only in influencing the microstructure but also in strengthening the material's backbone by promoting inter-chain connections. Notably, this method allows for ambient pressure drying, further enhancing its sustainability. The polybenzoxazine acts as a precursor to produce two different carbon materials. The carbon material produced from the calcination of PBz is denoted as PBZC, and the carbon material produced from the gelation and calcination of PBz is denoted as PBZGC. The structural characterization of these carbon materials was analyzed through different techniques, such as XRD, Raman, XPS, and BET analyses. BET analysis showed increased surface of 843 m2 g−1 for the carbon derived from the gelation method (PBZGC). The electrochemical studies of PBZC and PBZGC imply that a well-defined morphology, along with suitable porosity, paves the way for increased conductivity of the materials when used as electrodes for supercapacitors. This research paves the way for utilizing heteroatom-doped, polybenzoxazine aerogel-derived carbon as a sustainable and high-performing alternative to traditional carbon materials in energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigated the synthesis of α-hemihydrate gypsum (α-HH) through semiliquid autoclaving of phosphogypsum (PG) using various carboxylic acids as modifying agents. The impact of carboxyl group spatial location, auxiliary functional group type, and the number of carboxyl groups within the carboxylic acid modifiers on the mechanical strength and crystal morphology of α-HH was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), strength testing, and molecular dynamics simulations. The results revealed a significant influence of the carboxylic acid molecular structure on the α-HH crystal morphology. Monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids with a long carbon chain length between carboxyl groups exhibited preferential adsorption on the (200), (110), and (-110) crystal planes, promoting crystal growth along the c-axis. In contrast, hydroxyl groups and cis double bonds in the modifier structure induced selective adsorption on the (001) plane, hindering growth along the c-axis. Conversely, trans double bonds favored adsorption on the (200), (110), and (-110) planes, enhancing growth along the c-axis. Based on these observations, screening principles for carboxylic acid modifiers were established, suggesting that: 1) the number of carboxyl groups should exceed 2; 2) the optimal carbon atom spacing between carboxyl groups is 3; and 3) auxiliary functional groups such as hydroxyl groups and cis double bonds should be introduced. Modifiers like citric acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and pyromellitic acid, within concentration ranges of 0.05%-0.1%, 0.1%-0.15%, and 0.05%-0.1%, respectively, yielded α-HH with flexural strengths exceeding 4 MPa and compressive strengths greater than 35 MPa, demonstrating the validity of these principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy atoms can form highly coordinated states, and their optical properties have attracted much attention. Recently, we have demonstrated that a reversible coordination-number shift of hypervalent tin(IV) from five to six can provide predictable hypsochromic shifts in light absorption and emission properties in small molecules and a π-conjugated polymer film. Herein, we show the preparation of seven-coordinated tin and reveal that the binding constant of the seven coordination with ethylenediamine (EDA, K = 2900 M−1) is 200 times higher than that of six coordination with propylamine (PA, K = 14 M−1) owing to the chelate effect. Moreover, reversible vapochromism of the π-conjugated polymer film was observed upon exposure (λabs = 598 nm and λPL = 697 nm) and desorption (λabs = 641 nm and λPL = 702 nm) of EDA vapor. Furthermore, as a unique demonstration, the thermochromic film was prepared by fixing the seven coordination as the initial state using 1,10-phenanthroline. These optical variations are predictable by quantum chemical calculations. Our findings are valuable for the development of designable and controllable stimuli-responsive materials focusing on the inherent properties of the elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) synthesized using the method of green synthesis and the chemical (titanium (IV) ethoxide sol-gel technique) which was previously our work on the Ethylenediamine Bisborane (EDAB) hydrolysis process. Nanocomposites based on TiO 2 doped with Palladium (Pd) were synthesized by green synthesis using the Aloe Vera plant as the starting materials. The investigation of the structure and surface morphology of the plant mediated Pd/TiO 2-green catalyst was evaluated using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) analyzes. The effect of catalyst on EDAB was examined at five different temperatures (20°C–80 °C), two different amounts of catalyst (0.08, 0.16 g) and in the different volumes of the reactor. For the comparison of catalyst preparation methods, the hydrogen gas release (HGR) for the hydrolysis of the EDAB using Pd/TiO 2-green and Pd/TiO 2-sol_gel (60 °C, 28.5 mM EDAB, 0.05 g catalyst) catalysts were determined as 360 ml min−1.g−1 and 78.48 ml min−1.g−1 respectively. The hydrolysis study shows the green synthesis Pd/TiO 2 displays a higher HGR efficiency compared to chemically synthesized Pd/TiO 2. • TiO 2 were synthesized by green synthesis using the Aloe Vera extract. • Green synthesis technique has come forward due to the non-uses of non-toxic solvents and reagents. • Catalytic hydrolysis of EDAB with Pd/TiO 2-green catalyst. • The hydrogen gas release of EDAB by Pd/TiO 2-green was improved compared with the Pd/TiO 2-sol_gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to determine the smear layer removal from the root canals using different irrigant solutions with diode laser. Methods: A set of sixty human upper incisor teeth were chosen. Access cavity preparation was done followed by canal instrumentation. Samples were divided into six groups (Group A: sodium hypochlorite NaOCl, Group B: NaOCl + diode laser, group C: NaOCl + EDTA ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid solution, Group D: NaOCl + EDTA + diode laser, Group E: NaOCl + garlic extract, Group F: NaOCl + garlic extract + diode laser. Examining the smear layer removal at the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canals was done by using electron microscope analysis. Using an energy-dispersive X-ray, the calcium/phosphorus Ca/P ratio was measured. Results: Among the examined groups, there were not any significant differences regarding the smear layer removal. The elimination of smear layers at the middle and coronal thirds was greater in all examined groups than in the apical third. EDX analysis revealed no statistically significant variation between the tested groups. Conclusions: Using diode laser with sodium hypochlorite and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid irrigant solution was more effective for the elimination of smear layers. Garlic extract could be used as an alternative irrigant solution in debris removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a promising method for creating high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. The approach involves crafting a unique composite material—nickel-cobalt-layered double hydroxides (NiCo-LDH) grown on carbon nanoballs (CNBs). This is achieved by first creating a special carbon material rich in oxygen and nitrogen from a polybenzoxazine source. At first, eugenol, ethylene diamine and paraformaldehyde undergo Mannich condensation to form the benzoxazine monomer, which undergoes self-polymerization in the presence of heat to produce polybenzoxazine. This was then carbonized and activated to produce CNBs containing heteroatoms. Then, through a hydrothermal technique, NiCo-LDH nanocages are directly deposited onto the CNBs, eliminating the need for complicated templates. The amount of CNBs used plays a crucial role in performance. By optimizing the CNB content to 50%, a remarkable specific capacitance of 1220 F g−1 was achieved, along with excellent rate capability and impressive cycling stability, retaining 86% of its capacitance after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, this NiCo-LDH/CNB composite, when combined with active carbon in a supercapacitor configuration, delivered outstanding overall performance. The exceptional properties of this composite, combined with its simple and scalable synthesis process, position it as a strong contender for next-generation sustainable energy storage devices. The ease of fabrication also opens doors for its practical application in advancing energy storage technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]