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Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of thrombotic events. Therapies for IBD have the potential to modulate this risk. The aims of this Evidence-Based Guideline were to summarize available evidence and to provide practical recommendations regarding epidemiological aspects, prevention and drug-related risks of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients with IBD. A virtual meeting took place in May 2020 involving 14 international IBD experts and 3 thrombosis experts from 12 countries. Proposed statements were voted upon in an anonymous manner. Agreement was defined as at least 75% of participants voting as ‘fully agree’ or ‘mostly agree’ with each statement. For each statement, the level of evidence was graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) grading system. Consensus was reached for 19 statements. Patients with IBD harbour an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombotic events. Thromboprophylaxis is indicated during hospitalization of any cause in patients with IBD. Disease activity is a modifiable risk factor in patients with IBD, and physicians should aim to achieve deep remission to reduce the risk. Exposure to steroids should be limited. Antitumour necrosis factor agents might be associated with a reduced risk of thrombotic events., Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of thrombotic events. This Evidence-Based Guideline presents an international consensus on the prevention of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients with IBD, and includes 19 recommendations for clinical practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:14:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-28 BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still evolving globally, and Brazil is currently one of the most affected countries. It is still debated whether patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk for developing COVID-19 or its complications. AIM To assess geographical distribution of IBD patients at the highest risk and correlate these data with COVID-19 mortality rates in Brazil. METHODS The Brazilian IBD Study Group (Grupo de Estudos da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal do Brasil) developed a web-based survey adapted from the British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines. The included categories were demographic data and inquiries related to risk factors for complications from COVID-19. Patients were categorized as highest, moderate or lowest individual risk. The Spearman correlation test was used to identify any association between highest risk and mortality rates for each state of the country. RESULTS A total of 3568 patients (65.3% females) were included. Most participants were from the southeastern and southern regions of Brazil, and 84.1% were using immunomodulators and/or biologics. Most patients (55.1%) were at moderate risk, 23.4% were at highest risk and 21.5% were at lowest risk of COVID-19 complications. No association between the proportion of IBD patients at highest risk for COVID-19 complications and higher mortality rates was identified in different Brazilian states (r = 0.146, P = 0.467). CONCLUSION This study indicates a distinct geographical distribution of IBD patients at highest risk for COVID-19 complications in different states of the country, which may reflect contrasting socioeconomic, educational and healthcare aspects. No association between high risk of IBD and COVID-related mortality rates was identified. Department of Gastroenterology University of São Paulo School of Medicine IBD Unit Gastroenterology Department Gastrosaúde Clinic School of Medicine Federal University of Bahia IBD Outpatient Clinics Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Health Sciences Postgraduate Program Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC) Botucatu Medical School Paulista State University (UNESP) IBD Outpatient Clinics Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) Botucatu Medical School Paulista State University (UNESP)

Background: : Biological therapy with anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α agents revolutionised the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease over the last decades. However, there may be an increased risk of postoperative complications in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients treated with anti-TNF-α agents prior to abdominal surgery. Objective:: To evaluate the effects of preoperative anti-TNF-α therapy on the incidence of complications after surgery. Methods: : A critical assessment of the results of clinical trial outcomes and meta-analyses on the available data was conducted. Results: : Based on the outcomes of previous reports including meta-analyses, preoperative use of anti- TNF-α agents modestly increased the risk of overall complications and particularly infectious complications after abdominal surgery for CD. Nevertheless, previous studies have several limitations. The majority of them were retrospective research with heterogeneous outcome measures and single centre trials with relatively small sample size. In retrospective studies, the standard protocol for assessing various types of postoperative complications was not used. The most serious limitation of the previous studies was that multiple confounding factors such as malnutrition, use of corticosteroids, and preoperative sepsis were not taken into consideration. Conclusion:: Among patients treated with preoperative anti-TNF-α therapy, the risk of overall complications and infectious complications may slightly increase after abdominal surgery for CD. Nevertheless, the previous reports reviewed in this study suffered from limitations. To rigorously evaluate the risk of anti-TNF-α therapy prior to surgery, large prospective studies with standardised criteria for assessing surgical complications and with proper adjustment for confounding variables are warranted.

Background: With the paradigm shift related to the overspread use of biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), several questions emerged from the surgical perspective. Whether the use of biologicals would be associated with higher rates of postoperative complications in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients still remains controversial. Aims: We aimed to analyze the literature, searching for studies that correlated postoperative complications and preoperative exposure to biologics in UC patients, and synthesize these data qualitatively in order to check the possible impact of biologics on postoperative surgical morbidity in this population. Methods: Included studies were identified by electronic search in the PUBMED database according to the PRISMA (Preferred Items of Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The quality and bias assessments were performed by MINORS (methodological index for non-randomized studies) criteria for non-randomized studies. Results: 608 studies were initially identified, 22 of which were selected for qualitative evaluation. From those, 19 studies (17 retrospective and two prospective) included preoperative anti-TNF. Seven described an increased risk of postoperative complications, and 12 showed no significant increase postoperative morbidity. Only three studies included surgical UC patients with previous use of vedolizumab, two retrospective and one prospective, all with no significant correlation between the drug and an increase in postoperative complication rates. Conclusions: Despite conflicting results, most studies have not shown increased complication rates after abdominal surgical procedures in patients with UC with preoperative exposure to biologics. Further prospective studies are needed to better establish the impact of preoperative biologics and surgical complications in UC.

BACKGROUND: Adalimumab is a monoclonal antibody, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) inhibitor that has efficacy for inducing and maintaining remission in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Real world studies with adalimumab in Latin American ulcerative colitis patients are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical remission rates in induction and maintenance with adalimumab therapy in ulcerative colitis. METHODS: Observational, multicenter and retrospective study on a case series of patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis under adalimumab therapy. The variables analyzed were: demographic data, previous infliximab status, concomitant drugs, the Montreal Classification, disease activity (Mayo score) at weeks 0, 8, 26 and 52, or until the last follow-up. Clinical remission was defined as a partial Mayo score ≤2 and Last observation carried forward (LOCF) and Non responder imputation (NRI) analysis were used. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were included in the study. With LOCF analysis, remission rates at weeks 8, 26 e 52 were of 41.7%, 47.2% and 47.2%, respectively. With NRI analysis, remission rates at weeks 8, 26 and 52 were of 41.7%, 41.7% and 27.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adalimumab was effective in the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Clinical remission was observed in approximately 40% of the patients at weeks 8 and 26, and in almost a quarter of the patients after 1 year of follow up. RESUMO CONTEXTO: O adalimumabe é um anticorpo monoclonal, inibidor do TNF alfa, que tem eficácia comprovada na indução e manutenção da remissão na retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica moderada à severa. Há escassez de dados sobre o uso do adalimumabe na retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica em pacientes latino-americanos. OBJETIVO: Analisar as taxas de remissão clínica na indução e manutenção do tratamento da retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica com adalimumabe. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, multicêntrico e retrospectivo de uma série de casos de portadores de retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica moderada à grave que utilizaram adalimumabe. Variáveis analisadas: dados demográficos, uso prévio de infliximabe, medicações concomitantes, Classificação de Montreal, atividade da doença (escore parcial de Mayo) nas semanas 0, 8, 26 e 52, ou até o maior tempo de seguimento atingido. Remissão clínica foi definida como escore parcial de Mayo ≤2 e foi avaliada pelos métodos. Abordagem com base na observação mais recente (LOCF) e Imputação de não respondedores (NRI). RESULTADOS: Trinta e seis pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Pela análise LOCF, as taxas de remissão nas semanas 8, 26 e 52 foram de 41,7%, 47,2% e 47,2%, respectivamente. Pela análise NRI, as taxas nas semanas 8, 26 e 52 foram de 41,7%, 41,7% e 27,8%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Adalimumabe foi eficaz no manejo da retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica moderada a grave. A remissão clínica foi observada em cerca de 40% dos pacientes nas semanas 8 e 26, e em cerca de 1/4 dos pacientes após 1 ano de seguimento.

Dear Sir, It was with significant interest that we read the manuscript, entitled “Serum Levels of Infliximab and Anti-Infliximab Antibodies in Brazilian Patients with Crohn’s Disease”, recently published in this distinguished journal by Gomes et al. (). In this study, the authors measured the serum infliximab (IFX) levels of 40 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and correlated their findings with disease activity. There was no difference in the IFX level between patients with active disease and those with remission (p

The Guidelines Project, an initiative of the Brazilian Medical Association, aims to combine information from the medical field in order to standardize producers to assist the reasoning and decision-making of doctors. The information provided through this project must be assessed and criticized by the physician responsible for the conduct that will be adopted, depending on the conditions and the clinical status of each patient.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:42:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 The fifth scientific workshop of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) focused on the relevance of fistulas to the disease course of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The objectives were to reach a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the formation of CD fistulas; to identify future topics in fistula research that could provide insights into pathogenesis; to develop novel therapeutic approaches; and to review current therapeutic strategies (with clarification of existing approaches to prevention, diagnosis and treatment). The results of the workshop are presented in two separate manuscripts. This manuscript describes current state-of-the-art knowledge about fistula pathogenesis, including the roles of epithelial-tomesenchymal transition and cytokine matrix remodelling enzymes, and highlights the common association between fistulas and stenosis in CD. The review also considers the possible roles that genetic predisposition and intestinal microbiota play in fistula development. Finally, it proposes future directions and needs for fistula research that might substantially increase our understanding of this complex condition and help unravel novel therapeutic strategies and specific targets for treatment. Overall, it aims to highlight unanswered questions in fistula research and to provide a framework for future research work. Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology Infectious Diseases Rheumatology) Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Department of Histopathology Royal London Hospital Academic Department of Gastroenterology Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens Laikon Hospital ESADI Clinic and Gastroenterology Unit Santa Isabel Hospital Colorectal Unit Gastrosaude Clinic Department of Surgery UNESP Botucatu Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Department of Surgery UNESP Botucatu

The objective of this study was to evaluate the consensus of expert societies and published guidelines on the management of ulcerative colitis, and to compare with the experience of the authors, in order to standardize procedures that would help the reasoning and decision-making process of the physician. A search was performed in scientific literature, specifically in electronic databases: Medline/Pubmed, SciELO, EMBASE and Cochrane, and the following descriptors were used: ulcerative colitis, acute colitis, clinical treatment, surgery and randomized trial. It can be concluded that the goals of therapy in ulcerative colitis are clinical and endoscopic remission, deep, sustained remission without corticosteroids, prevention of hospitalizations and surgeries, and improved quality of life. The surgical indications are reserved for selected cases, ranging from medical intractability, complications (severe refractory acute colitis, toxic megacolon, perforation and hemorrhage) and malignancy. Information in this review article must be submitted to evaluation and criticism of the specialist responsible for the conduct to be followed, in the face of his/her reality and the clinical status of each patient.The degree of recommendation and strength of evidence were based using the GRADE system (The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) described below:1. A: Experimental or observational studies of higher consistency.2. B: Experimental or observational studies of lower consistency.3. C: Case reports (non-controlled studies).4. D: Opinion without critical evaluation, based on consensus, physiological studies or animal models. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os consensos de sociedades de especialistas e guidelines publicados sobre o manejo da retocolite ulcerativa, e confrontar com a experiência dos autores, a fim de padronizar condutas que auxiliem o raciocínio e a tomada de decisão do médico. Foi realizada busca na literatura científica, mais precisamente nas bases de dados eletrônicos: Medline/Pubmed, SciELO, EMBASE e Cochrane, tendo sido utilizado os descritores: ulcerative colitis, acute colitis, clinical treatment, surgery e randomized trial. Pode-se concluir que os objetivos da terapia na retocolite ulcerativa são: remissão clínica e endoscópica, a remissão profunda sustentada sem corticosteróides, evitar hospitalizações e cirurgias, e melhora na qualidade de vida. As indicações cirúrgicas ficam reservadas para casos selecionados que variam de intratabilidade clínica, complicações (Colite aguda grave refratária, megacólon tóxico, perfuração e hemorragia) e malignização. As informações contidas neste artigo de revisão devem ser submetidas à avaliação e à crítica do médico especialista, responsável pela conduta a ser seguida, frente à sua realidade e ao estado clínico de cada paciente.O grau de recomendaçã̃o e forç̧a de evidência foram baseados usando o GRADE system (The Grades of Recomendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation), descrito abaixo:A: Estudos experimentais ou observacionais de melhor consistência.B: Estudos experimentais ou observacionais de menor consistência.C: Relatos de casos (estudos não controlados).D: Opinião desprovida de avaliação crítica, baseada em consensos, estudos fisiológicos ou modelos animais. Keywords: Ulcerative colitis, Acute colitis, Clinical treatment, Surgery, Complications, Palavras-chave: Colite ulcerativa, Colite aguda, Tratamento clínico, Cirurgia, Complicações

The Brazilian Societies of Rheumatology (SBR) and Dermatology (SBD), the Brazilian Federation of Gastroenterology (FBG) and the Brazilian Study Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (GEDIIB) gathered a group of their respective specialists on the topic of interest to discuss the most relevant issues regarding the clinical use of biosimilar medicines in Brazil. The main aim of that meeting was to prepare a document with recommendations to guide medical specialists and to help the national regulatory and policy-making agencies as concerns the authorization for marketing biosimilars used in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and ulcerative colitis. In addition to considerations on the typical differences between innovator medicines and biosimilars, the specialists established a set of seven recommendations on regulatory advances related to clinical studies, indication extrapolation, nomenclature, interchangeability, automatic substitution and pharmacovigilance.

ABSTRACT Biosimilars are not generic drugs. These are more complex medications than small molecules, with identical chemical structures of monoclonal antibodies that lost their patency over time. Besides identical to the original product at the end, the process of achieving its final forms differs from the one used in the reference products. These differences in the formulation process can alter final outcomes such as safety and efficacy of the drugs. Recently, a biosimilar of Infliximab was approved in some countries, even to the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, this decision was based on studies performed in rheumatologic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Extrapolation of the indications from rheumatologic conditions was done for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis based on these studies. In this article, the authors explain possible different mechanisms in the pathogenesis between rheumatologic conditions and inflammatory bowel diseases, that can lead to different actions of the medications in different diseases. The authors also alert the gastroenterological community for the problem of extrapolation of indications, and explain in full details the reasons for being care with the use of biosimilars in inflammatory bowel diseases without specific data from trials performed in this scenario.

Background/Aims: The efficacy of both Infliximab (IFX) and Adalimumab (ADA) can be reduced over time. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of loss of efficacy (LOE) of both IFX and ADA, and outline the influence of disease duration on its occurrence. Methods: Retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study, with CD patients treated with anti-TNF therapy. LOE was defined as the need for steroids, occurrence of major abdominal surgery during treatment, dose increase, interval shortening or switching of the anti-TNF agent. Patients were allocated in three subgroups based on disease duration (DD): 60 months. Results: 175 patients were included in the study (117 under IFX and 58 under ADA therapy). LOE occurred in 32% of patients with DD Conclusions: Disease duration (DD) did not influence LOE rates. These results suggest that in real-world observational practice, patients with early CD might have the same rates of LOE than patients with a disease prolonging for a longer duration.

Aim Early endoscopic recurrence is frequently observed in patients following resection for Crohn's disease (CD). However, factors affecting the incidence of an early postoperative endoscopic recurrence (EPER) have not been fully determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for EPER after ileocolonic resections for CD. Method This was a retrospective, international multicentre study, in which 127 patients with the first ileocolonoscopy conducted between 6 and 12 months after ileocolonic resections for CD were included. Endoscopic recurrence was defined as a Rutgeerts’ score of ≥ i2. The following variables were investigated as potential risk factors for EPER: gender, age at surgery, location and behaviour of CD, smoking, concomitant perianal lesions, preoperative use of steroids, immunomodulators and biologics, previous resection, blood transfusion, surgical procedure (open vs. laparoscopic approach), length of resected bowel, type of anastomosis (side-to-side vs. end-to-end), postoperative complications, granuloma, and postoperative biologic therapy. Variables related to the patient, disease and surgical procedure were investigated as potential risk factors for EPER. To identify potential risk factors, both univariate and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were conducted. Results 43/127 (34%) patients had EPER at the time of the first postoperative ileocolonoscopy. In univariate analysis, only preoperative steroid use was significantly associated with a higher rate of EPER [21/45 patients (47%) on steroids and 22/82 patients (27%) without steroids (P=0.04)]. In multivariate analysis, only preoperative steroid use was a significant independent risk factor for EPER (odds ratio 3.28, 95% confidence interval 1.30 – 8.28; P=0.01). Conclusions This study found that only preoperative steroid use was a significant risk factor for EPER after ileocolonic resections for CD. Prospective studies are necessary to evaluate precisely the impact of perioperative medications on EPER rates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

This measure by ANVISA is primarily aimed at cost reduction, because most of the individuals currently using IFX can only do it due to reimbursement by the Brazilian public health system. The achieve-ment is commendable and approved by all medical societies involved, in the specialties of rheumatol-ogy, gastroenterology and dermatology. However, scientific, safety and pharmacovigilance issues have arisen and should be carefully addressed and widely discussed within this new scenario for the benefit of patients. CT-P13 has been approved in Brazil based on comparability strictly following the regulations of ANVISA

Introduction: The Latin American Forum on Biosimilars (FLAB) is an annual meeting that brings together various stakeholders, including key opinion leaders, the pharmaceutical industry, academics, patients, lawyers and other healthcare professionals, to present and discuss recent findings regarding biosimilars. In 2015, the meeting theme was interchangeability and automatic substitution. Regarding biosimilarity, interchangeability and extrapolation of indications, the discussion centred on two products in Brazil and Argentina: CT-P13, an infliximab biosimilar; and RTXM83, a rituximab biosimilar. Here, we conduct a critical analysis of the available scientific and medical information on these products to establish a FLAB position statement in the context of the current regulations in Brazil and Argentina. Biosimilarity, interchangeability and extrapolation of indications: RTXM83 is still not approved in Brazil and is currently under a technology transfer agreement. In Argentina, the drug was approved for commercialization under the name Novex, with extrapolation of indications for rheumatoid arthritis, which according to the Argentinian Society of Rheumatology, lacks the necessary clinical data for such an approval. CT-P13 is already approved in Brazil, and is on the market. The approval was based on the data presented in the PLANETAS and PLANETRA studies. Interchangeability will not be considered for this product until further studies are presented. Discussion: Based on the available evidence, CT-P13 is the only biological molecule marketed in Latin America that can be considered a true biosimilar. Extrapolation is only acceptable when the diseases for which the reference product is intended to treat are entirely similar. Extrapolation based on only preclinical studies is not acceptable. Conversely, although the proposed rituximab biosimilar (RTXM83) was approved by ANMAT (National Administration for Medicines, Food and Medical Technology) in Argentina, clinical data demonstrating its equivalence with the reference rituximab, is necessary before RTXM83 can be considered a true biosimilar. Fil: Feijó Azevedo, Valderilio. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil. Health Research and Educational Center; Brasil Fil: Babini, Alejandra. Hospital Italiano Córdoba; Argentina. Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología; Argentina Fil: Vieira Teixeira, Fabio. Clínica Gastrosaude de Marilia; Brasil. Grupo de Estudos de Doença Inflamatória Intestinal; Brasil Fil: Age Kos, Igor. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil. Health Research and Educational Center; Brasil Fil: Matar, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease, common in young women, characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. This ectopic endometrial tissue is most commonly found in the ovaries, peritoneum, uterosacral ligaments and rectovaginal cul-de-sac, with extremely rare involvement of the appendix. The main symptom is chronic abdominal pain, and the diagnosis is often made later, after the result of the histopathological examination. This study reports a 34-year-old patient complaining of chronic pelvic pain refractory to medical treatment, having undergone diagnostic laparotomy. During the surgery, we observed the presence of endometrioma fixed to the uterine wall, and the appendix was enlarged, but without evidence of inflammation. Endometrioma resection and appendectomy were performed, with good postoperative recovery. The anatomopathological exam showed endometriosis in the cecal appendix.Endometriose é uma doença inflamatória estrogênio-dependente frequente em mulheres jovens, caracterizada pela presença de tecido endometrial fora da cavidade uterina. Esse tecido ectópico de endométrio é mais comumente encontrado nos ovários, peritônio, ligamentos uterossacros e fundo de saco retovaginal, sendo o acometimento do apêndice cecal extremamente raro. O quadro clínico predominante é o de dor abdominal crônica, sendo muitas vezes o diagnóstico feito posteriormente, após o resultado do anatomopatológico. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 34 anos com queixa de dor pélvica crônica, refratária ao tratamento clínico, tendo sido submetida à laparotomia exploradora diagnóstica. Durante o ato cirúrgico, observamos a presença de endometrioma fixo à parede uterina, bem como apêndice cecal aumentado de volume, porém sem evidência de sinais flogísticos. Procedeu-se à ressecção do endometrioma e apendicectomia, com boa evolução pós-operatória. O resultado do exame anatomopatológico revelou a presença de endometriose no apêndice cecal.

A retite actínica hemorrágica é um quadro grave que pode ocorrer em qualquer paciente submetido à radioterapia pélvica, por vezes, sendo necessária terapia transfusional e internação hospitalar. A abordagem terapêutica ainda é bastante controversa. Tanto para o tratamento inicial como para casos refratários, uma das opções é a aplicação de formalina. Este método é barato, facilmente disponível, de simples execução e eficaz no controle da hemorragia. Os autores relatam dois casos de retite actínica hemorrágica de pacientes tratados com instilação de formalina endoluminal, e sua eficácia terapêutica e complicações são discutidasThe radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctitis is a serious condition that can occur in any patient undergoing pelvic radiotherapy, sometimes being required hospitalization and transfusion therapy. The therapeutic approach is still very controversial. Both for the initial treatment and for refractory cases, one option is formalin application. This method is cheap, easily available, simple to perform, and effective in controlling bleeding. The authors report two cases of radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctitis treated with endoluminal instillation of formalin, and they discuss its therapeutic efficacy and complications

OBJETIVO: A doença hemorroidária(DH) é prevalente em cerca de 5% da população brasileira. Os casos mais avançados da DH são tratados com ressecção dos mamilos prolapsados (hemorroidectomia) e fechamento(técnica de Ferguson) ou não da ferida operatória(Miligan Morgan). No entanto, a dor no pós-operatório e o longo período de recuperação dos pacientes submetidos a hemorroidectomia convencional são os principais inconvenientes das técnicas. O método da hemorroidopexia ou procedimento para prolapso e hemorróidas(PPH) vem sendo realizado desde 1998, e tem como principal vantagem a resolução da DH com menos dor e recuperação mais rápida do paciente. Nosso objetivo é apresentar uma modificação técnica no posicionamento do paciente com DH que será submetido ao PPH. MÉTODOS E PACIENTES: Desde Janeiro de 2008 foram operados 5 pacientes no Hospital UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo. Todos eram portadores de doença hemorroidária avançada - Grau III e IV. Os procedimentos foram realizados com bloqueio raqui-medular em sela com sufentanil associado à bupivacaína. Os pacientes foram posicionados em decúbito ventral com coxim de cerca de 20 cm de altura colocada na altura da espinha ilíaca ântero-superior. Foram usadas fitas adesivas para afastar lateralmente a região glútea. O cirurgião ficou posicionado no centro, no vão entre os membros inferiores do paciente. O primeiro auxiliar posicionando à direita e a instrumentadora à esquerda. O canal anal foi dilatado manualmente e fixado o dilatador do PPH. Em todos os pacientes a linha pectínea foi facilmente identificada, e obteve-se a exposição de 3 a 4 cm do reto acima da linha pectínea. A bolsa foi realizada com fio de polipropileno (Prolene ® 0 com agulha de 1,5 cm) sem a necessidade de utilização do afastador de 2 canas. Os pontos compreenderam a mucosa retal tomando-se cuidado em não incluir a camada muscular do reto. Após o disparo e retirada do aparelho, identificou-se com facilidade a linha de grampos sem a necessidade de colocar qualquer tipo de afastador auxiliar. Em nenhum dos casos foi necessário hemostasia adicional, com pontos aplicados sobre a linha de grampos. CONCLUSÕES: Pudemos observar que com esse posicionamento a exposição do canal anal fica mais fácil, sem a necessidade de utilizar qualquer tipo de afastador (tipo 2 canas) quando da confecção da sutura em bolsa. Além disso, com o decúbito ventral, o cirurgião opera em pé e a equipe cirúrgica tem maior mobilidade, o que não acontece quando o paciente está posicionado em litotomia. Ademais, o posicionamento do cirurgião de frente para a região anal facilita a confecção da bolsa, a atadura do nó, o disparo do aparelho e a revisão da linha de grampos.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 Background: In the era of biologic agents, risk factors for complications following resection for Crohn’s disease have not been fully identified. In particular, the association of preoperative use of immunosuppressive and biologic agents with the incidence of complications after resection remains to be elucidated. Author note: TY, AS, YS, FVT and PGK designed the study. All authors did data collection and gave scientific contribution to the study design and discussion. TY, AS and PGK drafted the article. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Aim: This retrospective multicentre study aimed to identify risk factors for complications after ileocolonic resection for Crohn’s disease, with a major focus on the impact of preoperative immunosuppressive and biologic therapy. Methods: A total of 231 consecutive patients who underwent ileocolonic resections for active Crohn’s disease in seven inflammatory bowel disease referral centres from three countries (Japan, Brazil and Italy) were included. The following variables were investigated as potential risk factors: age at surgery, gender, behaviour of Crohn’s disease (perforating vs. non-perforating disease), smoking, preoperative use (within eight weeks before surgery) of steroids, immunosuppressants and biologic agents, previous resection, blood transfusion, surgical procedure (open vs. laparoscopic approach), and type of anastomosis (side-to-side vs. end-to-end). Postoperative complications occurring within 30 days after surgery were recorded. Results: The rates of overall complications, intra-abdominal sepsis, and anastomotic leak were 24%, 12% and 8%, respectively. Neither immunosuppressive nor biologic therapy prior to surgery was significantly associated with the incidence of overall complications, intra-abdominal sepsis or anastomotic leak. In multivariate analysis, blood transfusion, perforating disease and previous resection were significant risk factors for overall complications (odds ratio [OR] 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–7.52; P = 0.02), intra-abdominal sepsis (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.04–6.86; P = 0.04) and anastomotic leak (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.01–8.18; P = 0.048), respectively. Conclusions: Blood transfusion, perforating disease and previous resection were significant risk factors for overall complications, intra-abdominal sepsis and anastomotic leak after ileocolonic resection for Crohn’s disease, respectively. Preoperative immunosuppressive or biologic therapy did not increase the risk of postoperative complications. IBD Centre Yokkaichi Hazu Medical Centre Colorectal Surgery Unit Humanitas Research Hospital Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine University of Milan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Toho University Medical Centre Sakura Hospital Faculty of Medicine Toho University Digestive Surgery Department São Paulo State University (UNESP) Colorectal Surgery Gastrosaude IBD Unit Heliopolis Hospital Colorectal Surgery Unit Catholic University of Parana Gastroenterology Unit Catholic University of Parana Colorectal Surgery Unit Humanitas Research Hospital IBD Unit Humanitas Research Hospital Digestive Surgery Department São Paulo State University (UNESP)