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Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to show if there are differences between the Mediterranean diet and physical activity in students from Romania and Spain. Material: The study was carried out on a sample of 567 participants, 149 of which (24.69%) are from Romania (Transilvania University of Braşov) and 427 (75.31%) are students from Spain (University of Granada ). To evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean diet we used The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), and for the assessment of the level of physical activity, we used the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). The reliability of the KIDMED was good (Cronbach’s α = 0.83) and for PAQ-A is 0.874. Statistical analyses were done through program IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The statistical indicators used in this study, were the following: standard deviation (SD), arithmetic average (X), chi-square test, Student’s T-test (t), percent%, Levene’s test, ANOVA One-Way. Results: The results of the variance analysis showed that there is no statistically significant relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity in Romanian students (F=0.517; p=0.598), or in Spanish students (F=0.255; p=0.775). Also, the results regarding adherence to the MD and PA was: poor adherence , n=31, (mean=29.06; standard deviation=3.723), average adherence , n=275, (mean=28.62; standard deviation=3.386), and high adherence, n=261 (mean=28.50; standard deviation=3.779). Conclusions: This study highlighted the fact that there are no significant differences regarding the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the level of physical activity between the two countries (Romania and Spain). Unlike Spanish students, we found that Romanian students have a poor adherence to the MD.

El presente proyecto se ha llevado a cabo en el Grado de Educación Primaria, con el objetivo primordial de aumentar la motivación e implicación del alumnado a través del uso de estrategias de gamificación, TIC y evaluación continua en el aula. Para ello se desarrolló un proyecto de gamificación en el aula, a través de las TIC y la evaluación continua, el cual se desarrolla en este documento. Los resultados mostraron una alta participación del alumnado (más del 85% de los estudiantes participaron en el proyecto de gamificación). Casi el 95% de los estudiantes se presentaron a la evaluación en primera convocatoria, y el 87,9% del alumnado superó la asignatura en primera convocatoria. También se registraron altos niveles de motivación, tanto intrínseca como extrínseca, lo que supone una retroalimentación positiva para considerar esta innovación como una buena práctica educativa y seguir trabajando en cursos venideros con este tipo de metodologías.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el clima motivacional de deportistas de diferentes modalidades deportivas en función del sexo, en una muestra compuesta por un total de 372 sujetos de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 50 años, evaluados mediante el cuestionario de Clima Motivacional (PMCQS-2) y una hoja de auto registro que midió las variables sexo y modalidad deportiva practicada. Los resultados indican que los individuos analizados se orientan en su mayoría hacia a la tarea, encontrando una mayor orientación al ego en hombres que en mujeres. Los sujetos analizados que practican la modalidad de deporte individual con contacto son los que obtienen puntuaciones más elevadas en clima ego. El estudio revela la importancia de trabajar la motivación autodeterminada en los deportistas, como un medio para centrarse en el esfuerzo y la superación personal.

El presente estudio que tiene como objetivo analizar los niveles de conducta violenta, autoestima y práctica de Actividad Física en adolescentes que se encuentran en acogimiento residencial donde se dictaminan posibles relaciones entre todas las variables con tres hipótesis. Participaron 203 adolescentes evaluados mediante la Escala de Conducta Violenta en la Escuela, Test de Autoestima General de Rosenberg y Hoja de Autoregistro para valorar la Actividad Física. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes no residentes en el hogar familiar son asiduos practicantes de deportes colectivos de contacto, que los niveles de agresividad son similares y que un tercio de ellos tienen autoestima baja, cumpliendo dos de las tres hipótesis, y denotando falta de correspondencia entre agresividad, autoestima y modalidad deportiva.

El presente estudio pretende analizar la composición corporal, el VO2max, flexibilidad, dieta y uso problemático de videojuegos según el sexo y la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de la provincia de Granada. El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo y de corte transversal. En él participaron un total de 138 sujetos con una edad media de 22,60 ± 2,79 años y una distribución por sexo del 65,9% (n = 91) para los hombres y del 34,1% (n = 47) eran mujeres. Como principales resultados se observó que los varones poseían un mayor VO2max y masa magra, además de mostrar un uso problemático de videojuegos más elevado. Asimismo, los estudiantes universitarios que practican actividad física más de tres horas semanales poseían una mayor masa magra y VO2max. Del mismo modo, el uso problemático de videojuegos es más elevado en los jóvenes físicamente activos por su perfil tecno-activo.

Los hábitos alimentarios se encuentran en decadencia y los problemas de peso van en aumento en Educación Primaria. Este estudio persigue establecer los niveles de índices de masa corporal, el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y el autoconcepto en una muestra de escolares, determinando las posibles diferencias físico-saludables y psicosociales tras la realización del programa de intervención “SportFruits”. El diseño esdescriptivo, preexperimental con pretest y posttest, de corte longitudinal, para una muestra de 79 escolares con edades de 6 a 8 años (M=7,1 y D.T.=0.638). Se utilizaron instrumentos como la báscula de bioimpedancia, el test KIDMED y el test de Autoconcepto Forma 5 (AF5). Los resultados no mostraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas, aunque si evidencian la necesidad de mejorar la dieta, reeducando los hábitos alimentarios y promover la actividad física para mejoras psicosociales y reducir los problemas de obesidad y sobrepeso, a través de programas de intervención.

Debido a la relación existente entre las variables psicológicas y el rendimiento deportivo, la psicología del deporte ha cobrado una especial relevancia en las últimas décadas, por lo que la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los niveles de ansiedad en futbolistas de categorías inferiores, utilizando un diseño descriptivo de corte transversal sobre una muestra de 156 futbolistas adolescentes. Para la recogida de datos se ha utilizado un cuestionario ad-hoc para el registro de las variables sociodemográficas y el Stai-Rasgo para medir los niveles de ansiedad. Los resultados de la presente investigación indican que seis de cada diez futbolistas muestran niveles medios de ansiedad-estado y tres de cada diez alta, en cuanto a la ansiedad-rasgo, la mitad tienen una ansiedad alta y la otra mitad media. Como principal conclusión de esta investigación se extrae que el nivel de estudios de los futbolistas se relaciona con los niveles de ansiedad.

El fenómeno del dopaje no solo está instaurado en el mundo del deporte profesional, sino que está causando cada vez más daño dentro del deporte amateur y recreacional. Ya que la edad de las personas que lo utilizan va disminuyendo con el tiempo, la presente investigación plantea como objetivo analizar y establecer relaciones entre las actitudes de jóvenes escolarizados hacia el dopaje, en función del tipo de centro (público o concertado/privado) en donde estudian los jóvenes. En esta investigación, participaron 839 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 18 años (M=16.22 años, DT=.77), que permitió el registro y evaluación de las variables tipo de centro escolar y actitudes hacia el dopaje, para la recogida de datos se utilizó la escala de actitudes hacia el dopaje (PEAS) de Petróczi (2002). Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los participantes tienen actitudes que rechazan el dopaje (64,2%; n=539); los alumnos que estaban escolarizados en centros públicos tienen actitudes más vulnerables hacia el dopaje (p=.014).

En la actualidad el conocimiento de los aspectos físicos y cognitivos es esencial en el contexto deportivo, ante esta situación la imagen que tiene una persona sobre sí mismo (autoconcepto) y el cómo se encuentra emocionalmente (inteligencia emocional) repercute en la acción deportiva. Ante esta situación se plantea el siguiente trabajo con la intención de examinar el número de estudios que hay en la Web of Science que contengan los términos autoconcepto e inteligencia emocional junto con los parámetros actividad física y deporte, tanto en castellano como en inglés. Los resultados depararon que existía un mayor número de artículos en lengua inglesa que en castellano, asimismo los estudios relacionados con autoconcepto son más numerosos que los de inteligencia emocional, y cuando se buscan trabajos que contengan la totalidad de los parámetros antes citados, en castellano no se detectan trabajos, mientras que en inglés aparecen dieciséis.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar las relaciones existentes entre la actividad física, el autoconcepto y el rendimiento académico enjugadoras de baloncesto en categoría cadete. Es un estudio de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal, realizado sobre una muestra de 75 escolares con edades de entre 12 y 16 años. Se han empleado como instrumentos de análisis los cuestionarios: AF-5de García y Musitu (1999) yuna hoja de autoregistro (en el que se incluyen las calificaciones académicas y tiempo de práctica de actividad física). Los resultados revelan que la práctica deportiva favorece el autoconcepto académico, así como el rendimiento académico. La dimensión autoconcepto familiar se ve claramente afectada si se dedica mucho tiempo a la realización de actividad física. Aunque el número de horas de entrenamiento no influyen directamente en el rendimiento académico, sí se puede concluir que la práctica de actividad física mejora principalmente el autoconcepto y el rendimiento académico.

La calidad de vida de la población adulta chilena está aumentando, lo que genera un gran interés por los estamentos sanitarios-educativos. Este trabajo pretende estudiar la relación que tiene la práctica de actividad física en la resiliencia de adultos mayores con problemas de hombro. Se realizó un estudio de carácter descriptivo y de corte transversal en 41 adultos de Santiago de Chile (Chile), con una edad media de 58.17 años (DT= 11.754), utilizándose como principales instrumentos el cuestionario CD-RISC y la Escala de evaluación de hombro “UCLA. Los resultados arrojaron que la mitad de los adultos realizan actividad física, obteniendo un locus de control y compromiso aceptable, siendo la espiritualidad menos valorada. No se halló relación entre la práctica de actividad física y el género, pero si con las dimensiones de resiliencia con niveles elevados, poniendo de manifiesto que hacer deporte aumenta la resiliencia en adultos.

Alcohol consumption among Spanish undergraduates during their university time has increased exponentially in recent years. In addition, this lifestyle change is associated with abandoning the Mediterranean diet, increasing the risk of suffering some kind of injury and affecting their quality of life. The study was carried out with a sample of 1,057 Spanish university students, 12.1% (n = 127) of them women and 87.9% (n= 930) men. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to measure health-related quality of life, the MEDAS test to check adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and the AUDIT test to measure alcohol consumption. The results show an inverse relationship between injury and quality of life (β= -0.020) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (β= -0.042) among students who have suffered some kind of injury. On the other hand, there was a positive relationship with alcohol consumption (β= -0.046). The main conclusion is that lower alcohol consumption and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a better quality of life and a reduced risk of injury in undergraduates in southern Spain.

Background: Examination and understanding of neural hyperactivity are some of the greatest scientific challenges faced in the present day. For this reason, the present study aimed to examine this phenomenon in the context of higher education., Method: Likewise, this work will enable an instrument to be created to appropriately and reliably estimate neural hyperactivity associated with chronic stress in university students undertaking a Physiotherapy degree., Results: Analysis of content validity was carried out according to agreement and consensus between nineteen experts with Education Science or Psychology degrees, via the Delphi method. On the other hand, face validity was established by administering the questionnaire to a sample of 194 university students aged between 18 and 45 years (M = 30.48%; SD = 13.152)., Conclusion: The final self-report measure, denominated mental hyperactivity, was composed of 10 items which showed adequate fit with regards to face and content validity (α = 0.775). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the questionnaire was unidimensional., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Violent behaviour in the secondary education stage is a serious concern that comes from low emotional control. Judo is a sport that requires self-control and high emotional competence to mitigate aggressive behaviours. This research presents the objectives of analysing the correlations of different types of aggressive behaviours before an intervention program with those after said program, as well as study the effect of emotions on aggressive behaviours before and after the intervention program through multigroup structural equation modelling. A quasi-experimental study was planned. It used a pre-test-post-test design in a population of 139 secondary school students (M = 15.76; SD = 1.066). The instruments were an ad hoc questionnaire, the Schutte Self-Report Inventory and the Violent Behaviour at School Scale. The data show that the intervention decreased the correlations between different types of violent behaviours. The results show an increase in the effect of emotional intelligence on mitigating aggressive attitudes. The promotion and use of contact sports is necessary to prevent the emergence of aggressive behaviours within a school environment.

Over the last few years, the inclusion of psychosocial factors in the teaching and learning processes has become increasingly important due to their proven influence on students' academic performance, especially at the university stage. In this regard, the aim of this study is to analyse the impact of emotional intelligence and academic self-concept on the students' academic achievement. The results obtained revealed some differences according to gender in all the variables considered. Specifically, women presented higher levels of emotional attention, academic self-concept and performance, while men stood out in emotional clarity and emotional repair. The findings obtained show the importance of including psychosocial factors in university training plans., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Jose Luis Ubago-Jimenez reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/501100006393University of Granada. Jose Luis Ubago Jimenez reports a relationship with University of Granada that includes: employment. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The state of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of life of the general population. This study aims to define and contrast an explanatory model of the quality of life in adults and to analyze the relationships between these variables based on the state of confinement and sex. A total of 872 people from Chile aged between 17 and 50 (M = 21.70 years; SD= 3.272), of both sexes (60.90% male and 39.1% female) participated in this research, of whom 46.6% were not confined when tested and 53.4% were confined, analyzing the quality of life. A model of multi-group structural equations was performed, which adjusted very well (χ 2 = 559.577; DF = 38; p < 0.001; IFC = 0.934; NFI = 0.916; IFI = 0.934; RMSEA = 0.061). The results show a positive and direct relationship among all the variables studied and the structural equation model proposed according to confinement and sex reveals a good fit in all the evaluation indexes. Stress and sleep, personality, and introspection were the indicators with the greatest influence in the four models, followed by the family and friends indicator with a medium correlation strength, such as the health monitoring dimension, although this was not as influential in confined individuals. The main conclusions are that the best adjustments are obtained in confined adults and females, and the data show that the psychological indicators obtained (stress and sleep, personality, and introspection) have the greatest influence on adults in the four models proposed with regard to their quality of life.

Social network use has increased in recent years. Social networks are fast-changing and may cause negative effects such as dependence and addiction. Hence, it was decided to establish two research aims: (1) to identify the social network used by university students and their use levels according to their sex and (2) to analyse how age, body mass index, physical activity, emotional intelligence and social network type affect addiction to social networks according to young people's sex. A cross-sectional study was designed involving Spanish university students from Education Degrees. The mean age of the participants was 20.84 years (±2.90). Females made up 69.8% of the sample and males 30.2%. An online questionnaire was administered that included sociodemographic questions, IPAQ-SF and TMMS-24. This study found that all students use WhatsApp and more than 97% have YouTube and Instagram accounts. The linear regression model obtained was as follows: social network addiction = 3.355 + 0.336*emotional attention - 0.263*emotional clarity. There is a positive relationship between social network addiction and emotional attention (r = 0.25; p < 0.001) and negative relationships between social network addiction and emotional clarity (r = -0.16; p = 0.002) and between social network addiction and age (r = -0.17; p = 0.001). University students report lower levels of social network addiction and slightly higher levels of social network addiction among females. In addition, there are significant differences between the average social network addiction scores of university students in terms of their use of Telegram, TikTok and Twitch.

Student lifestyles change during university. This research aimed to classify university students according to their levels of physical activity, alcohol consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and anxiety and studied the relationships between the variables using a multigroup equation model according to gender. The sample was composed of 549 participants (M = 23.06; S.D. = 6.22), of whom 409 were women and 140 were men. Validated and adapted instruments such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the PREDIMED Questionnaire, and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used. The data revealed four clusters through Ward's method and the k-means method. Regarding the exploratory model, differences were found in the effects of the variables according to sex. In conclusion, alcohol consumption was positively associated with the Mediterranean diet, and physical activity was negatively associated with the Mediterranean diet and anxiety.

Background: Adolescence is a key life stage in human development. It is during this stage of development that healthy and physical behaviors are acquired that will last into adulthood. Gender differences in the acquisition of these behaviors have been observed. This research aims to (a) study the levels of Mediterranean diet adherence, quality of life and alcohol and tobacco consumption as regarding the gender of the participants and (b) study the effects of the variable adherence to the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption on quality of life as a function of the gender of the participants., Methods: A non-experimental, cross-sectional, exploratory study was carried out in a sample of 1,057 Spanish adolescents (Average Age = 14.19; Standard Deviation = 2.87)., Results: The comparative analysis shows that the male teenagers shows a higher Mediterranean diet adherence compared to the male adolescents ( p  ≤ 0.05) and a higher consumption of alcoholic beverages ( p  ≤ 0.05). On the contrary, adolescent girls show a higher consumption of alcoholic beverages than male participants ( p  ≤ 0.05). The exploratory analysis indicates that for boys, alcohol consumption has a beneficial effect on the quality of life of adolescents ( β  = 0.904; p  ≤ 0.001)., Conclusion: In this case, participants show differences in the levels of Mediterranean diet adherence, consumption of harmful substances and quality of life according to gender. Likewise, there are different effects between the variables according to gender. Therefore, gender is a key factor to consider during adolescence., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2023 Melguizo-Ibáñez, Zurita-Ortega, Ubago-Jiménez, Badicu, Yagin, González-Valero, Ardigò and Puertas-Molero.)

There is an international social concern about the low levels of physical activity among young people. It is essential to know what factors influence the practice of physical activity in order to design effective proposals for health promotion. The study aims to: (1) classify primary school students according to their levels of out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet, emotional attention, emotional clarity and emotional repair; (2) analyse descriptively and correlationally the adolescents' profiles of out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet and emotional attention, clarity and repair. The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational. The sample consisted of 293 children aged 10-12 years in Granada (Spain). An ad hoc socio-academic questionnaire, the KIDMED test and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) were used for data collection. Four clusters were identified by the Ward's method and participants were classified using the K-means method. Subsequently, cluster classification was validated through the MANOVA test ( F (861) = 106.12; p ≤ 0.001; f = 1.95). The strongest correlation was obtained in cluster 1 between emotional clarity and emotional repair ( r = 0.56; p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, the mean values of time spent in out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet, emotional attention, emotional clarity and emotional repair of students are adequate and vary according to sex. There are significant differences among the physical activity levels of all clusters, as well as among the emotional variables of attention, clarity and repair. In addition, the correlations between the variables studied vary in each cluster.

Currently, many combat sports are pedagogically conceived as uneducational and unreliable for the development of young people. The present research aims to investigate the influence of a Judo intervention programme on the motivational climate towards sport, aggressive behaviour, emotional intelligence, and self-concept in secondary school students and to establish the relationships between them. This objective was broken down into (a) developing an explanatory model of the variables mentioned above and (b) testing the model equations through a multi-group analysis in terms of pre-test and post-test. The present study conducted a pre-post-test quasi-experimental design with a single experimental group. The sample consisted of a total of 139 adolescents (12.67 ± 1.066), 50.4% of whom were male ( n = 70) and 49.6% female ( n = 69). The results show that the intervention decreased all types of aggression and increased levels of emotional intelligence. An increase in social, physical and academic self-concept and decreases in the family and emotional areas were also observed. Finally, for the motivational climate, a tendency towards the ego climate to the detriment of the task climate was observed. It is concluded that the Judo intervention programme is effective in decreasing aggressive behaviour and effective in increasing levels of emotional intelligence and self-concept.

The study had two aims: (1) To classify the adolescents according to their levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity, screen time and sleep time, and (2) to analyze, in a descriptive and correlational manner, the profiles of moderate-vigorous physical activity, screen time and sleep time of each cluster according to the sex and grade of the adolescents. The study design was cross-sectional, with descriptive and correlational analysis. The sample consisted of 663 adolescents in Compulsory Secondary Education from Soria (Spain). The Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time. The results showed that the young people had an average of 67.99 ± min/day of moderate-vigorous physical activity, 112.56 min/day of screen time and 548.63 min/day of sleep time. Adolescents were classified into three clusters according to their levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time (F MANOVA (6,1318) = 314.439; p ≤ 0.001; β = 1; f = 1.177). In conclusion, only 28.21% of the young people accomplished the recommendations for physical activity practice, screen time and sleep time. Moreover, these results vary according to the sex and grade of the adolescents.

In the adolescent population there is great concern about low levels of physical activity and low levels of family awareness of the benefits of physical exercise on physical and mental health. This study aims to determine the influence of physical activity levels, family functioning and self-concept in primary and secondary school students, as well as to develop a structural equation model as a function of weekly physical activity time. A descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted on whether students engage in more than three hours of physical activity per week. To collect the data, instruments validated by the scientific community were used, such as the Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve family questionnaire (APGAR) and the self-concept questionnaire form 5. The results show that those students who engage in more than 3 h of physical activity per week have higher levels of family functioning than those who do not meet this sport criterion. In addition, physically active students show higher scores on all dimensions of self-concept than those who practice less than 3 h of physical activity per week. Finally, as a conclusion, it can be affirmed that the amount of physical activity practice brings benefits to student's mental health.

It is important to investigate how the different factors of physical activity and screen time influence each population group in order to design effective proposals for health promotion. This study aims to: (1) create an explanatory model to establish the relationships between moderate-vigorous physical activity time, screen time, family support, and peer support of adolescents in the region of Soria (Spain); (2) contrast the explanatory structural model according to the intensity of physical activity. A representative sample of 694 adolescents, aged 12-17 years, from the region of Soria was selected. The Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Parent Support Scale, and the Peer Support Scale were administered. The data were treated according to a structural equation model to demonstrate the relationships between the study variables. The Chi-square p -values and standardised fit indices (CFI, NFI, IFI, TLI, and RMSEA) were appropriate. Moreover, acceptable parameters were obtained in the general equations. The theoretical model is useful to explain the relationships between moderate-vigorous physical activity, family support, peer support, and screen time. In addition, models that differentiate between moderate and vigorous physical activity independently are also useful. Peer support plays a particular role relative to physical activity time, and family support plays a specific role regarding screen time.

Background: Older adults have the highest rates of a sedentary lifestyle. Alpine skiing could be considered a suitable activity to encourage continued sports practice and improve the health of this population in winter. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the practice of alpine skiing and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical self-concept (PSC), and sport motivation. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive, involving 280 Spanish adults aged over 55 years and physically active (75.35% skiers). To assess physical activity, PSC, HRQoL, and sport motivation, we used the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Questionnaire (RAPA-Q), the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP 30), the Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-36), and the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) questionnaires, respectively. Results: In the skier’s group, higher values were found for PSC (p < 0.001; d = 0.64), the physical component of HRQoL (p < 0.001, d = 0.48), physical function (p < 0.001, d = 61), and intrinsic motivation (p < 0.001; d = 0.85). The practice of alpine skiing was associated with higher levels of the physical health component (ORadj = 2.13, 95% CI 1.18−3.95, p = 0.013), PSC (ORadj = 2.92, 95% CI 1.58−5.52, p < 0.001), and intrinsic motivation (ORadj = 2.24, 95% CI 1.22−4.23, p = 0.010). Conclusions: The practice of alpine skiing is positively associated with higher values of HRQoL, PSC, and intrinsic motivation, and based on the above, it seems that alpine skiing can contribute to healthy ageing and improve the quality of life of older adults.

This study had two aims: (1) to identify the levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time of adolescents according to the sex of the participant and the day of the week; (2) to find out the relationships between physical activity, screen time and sleep time according to the sex of the participant and the day of the week. The study design was non-experimental, descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 694 adolescents in Compulsory Secondary Education from Soria (Spain). Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaires were used to measure levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time. Levene’s test and Student’s t-test were used to calculate the difference between the means of the variables. Pearson’s test was used to calculate bivariate correlations between variables. Results showed higher levels of screen time in males (136.93 min/day ± 81.548). Screen time, sleep time and moderate−vigorous physical activity are higher during the weekend. Positive relationships were found between screen time and light physical activity (rmales = 0.274; p ≤ 0.01; rfemales = 0.065; p > 0.05). The correlations between moderate−vigorous physical activity and screen time were negative (rmales = −0.282; p ≤ 0.01; rfemales = −0.187; p ≤ 0.05). The relationship between screen time and sleep time was negative in males (r = −0.135; p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time vary according to the sex of the participants and the day of the week.

There is an increase in sedentary lifestyles among young people. However, the development of a certain motivational climate can play a key role in the prevention of such lifestyles. Taking into account the aforementioned, the present research aims to establish the relationship between the motivational climate towards sport, anxiety and physical self-concept and to identify and clarify the existing relationships between anxiety, motivational climate and physical self-concept, by breaking down this objective into (a) developing an explanatory model of the motivational climate towards sport and its relationship with anxiety and physical self-concept and (b) contrasting the structural model by means of a multi-group analysis, according to the time spent doing physical activity per week. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study was carried out with a total of 568 university students (M = 25.09; SD = 6.22). A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Spanish version of the Perceived Motivation Climate Questionnaire in Sport, the Self-Concept Form-5 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used for data collection. The results show that more time spent doing physical activity brings benefits in terms of physical self-concept and homework climate, helping to reduce anxiety levels. As conclusions, it is observed that a longer time spent doing physical activity brings benefits in the channelling of disruptive states and improvements in physical self-concept.

Nowadays, the adolescent population consumes substances that are harmful to health at an earlier age. Therefore, the present research aimed to (i) develop an explanatory model of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis consumption on physical self-concept, social self-concept, and physical activity practice and (ii) contrast the model through a multi-group analysis according to the gender of the participants. For this purpose, descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional research was carried out on adolescent students (M = 13.91; SD = 1.31, years), using the Self-Concept Form 5 Questionnaire, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), and the State Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education (ETUDES) for data collection. Findings revealed that the consumption of harmful substances has a positive impact on the social area and the practice of physical exercise, showing a negative relationship between the latter variable and the social and physical area of self-concept.

Youth obesity has been a pandemic for decades. One of its causes is a low level of physical activity. It is necessary to know the specific situation of adolescents and the factors that influence it in order to be able to act accordingly. The first aim of the current study is to create an explanatory model to establish the relationships between light physical activity time, light physical activity energy expenditure, screen time and social support. The second aim is to propose a theoretical model specifying the relationships between moderate-vigorous physical activity time, moderate-vigorous physical activity energy expenditure, screen time and social support. The study design was non-experimental (ex post facto), descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional. A total of 694 adolescents from the region of Soria (12-17 years) participated in the study. The instruments administered were the Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire, Parent Support Scale and Peer Support Scale. Two structural equation models were developed to analyse the relationships between the variables that comprised the explanatory models. The results show that social support had a negative influence on screen time in the proposed model in relation to light physical activity (r = -0.210; p ≤ 0.001) and in the proposed one regarding moderate-vigorous physical activity (r = -0.173; p ≤ 0.05). Social support was negatively related to light physical activity time (r = -0.167; p ≤ 0.05). Family support had a greater influence than did peer support. In conclusion, the models for light and moderate-vigorous physical activity are useful to describe the relationships between time, energy expenditure, screen time and social support.

Adolescence is a key developmental period from a health, physical and psychological perspective. In view of this, the present research aimed to establish the relationship between emotional intelligence, Mediterranean diet adherence, BMI and age. In order to address this aim, (a) an explanatory model is developed of emotional intelligence and its relationship with Mediterranean diet adherence, BMI and age, and (b) the proposed structural model is examined via multi-group analysis as a function of whether students engage in more than three hours of physical activity a week. To this end, a quantitative, non-experimental (ex post facto), comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 567 students (11.10 ± 1.24). The instruments used were an ad hoc questionnaire, the KIDMED questionnaire and the TMMS-24. Outcomes reveal that participants who engage in more than three hours of physical activity a week score more highly for emotional intelligence than those who do not meet this criterion. Furthermore, it was also observed that, whilst the majority of the sample was physically active, improvement was required with regards to Mediterranean diet adherence.

Background: The aging world population is accelerating rapidly. Physical self-concept (PSC) is one of the psychosocial factors with the greatest influence on an individual's well-being and health. The traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is considered one of the healthiest dietary models, as it is nutritionally complete and easy to follow., Objective: To assess the adherence to MDP and its association with the practice of physical activity (PA) and PSC levels in the older adult Spanish population., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of Spanish older adults (n = 342; older than 55 years old). Their PSC was assessed using a previously validated PSC questionnaire. Adherence to an MDP was assessed using a validated Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener questionnaire. Their PA was measured using the Spanish version of the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data on age, sex, hypertension, cholesterol or diabetes suffered in the last 12 months, as well as weight, height, and BMI, were collected., Results: At the lowest levels of PSC, the percentage of individuals who were non-active and non-adhering to the MDP was lower compared to the highest levels (75.0% vs. 19.6; p = 0.001; Cramer's V = 0.414, and 83.3% vs. 57.9%; p = 0.001; Cramer's V = 0.221, respectively). This sample showed an abandonment of the most classic habits of the MDP, such as the consumption of olive oil, vegetables, fruits, nuts and fish., Conclusions: Non-adherence to the MDP and low levels of PA are associated with low levels of PSC in older adults.

Knowledge and awareness of how to use non-verbal language is essential for the educational field. For this reason, the aim of this study was to develop a validation that validly and reliably measures the analysis of non-verbal language in university teachers. Content validation was carried out by applying the Delphi technique and through an exploratory and confirmatory analysis. The validity of understanding is given by the application of the scale to 1316 university teachers between 24 and 67 years of age. The initial data collected through the Delphi technique provided some modifications. The final scale, called Non-verbal immediacy, was composed of a total of 26 items that presented satisfactory adjustments in both comprehension and outcome validity. Confirmatory factor analysis determined three dimensions (kinesics, paralanguage, and proxemics). These factors will be a new element for future lines of research related to the teaching-learning process, as high relationships have been demonstrated between non-verbal language and psychosocial aspects implicit in teaching practice, as well as comprehension and student learning.

The present research aims to analyse the psychometric properties of the AF5 questionnaire for its adaptation for use with young people during a lockdown period. Research was conducted with a sample of 534 students aged between 13 and 17 years (M = 14.49; SD = 1.805). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the FACTOR program and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the M-PLUS 7 program. Results indicate that a four-dimensional model is most appropriate for bringing together the emotional and physical dimensions. Further, 11 items were removed due to poor factor loadings. The majority of factors were directly and positively correlated (99%; p  < .01). The data obtained supports conclusions that the AF-5 meets validity and reliability requirements for it to be considered a useful instrument for use with young people during the COVID-19 lockdown period., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest/Competing InterestsThe authors declare no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021.)

(1) Background: The present study analyzed the need for cognitive closure and narrative creativity in adolescents. The aim was to demonstrate a strong relationship between narrative creativity and the need for cognitive closure. We analyzed a group of participants by applying a lie scale integrated with the Need for Closure Scale to detect potential relationships between students that entered the lie scale group (discarded) and those that were not discarded by exploring the following variables: gender, school type, group condition, and narrative creativity. (2) Methods: The instruments used were the Need for Closure Scale and the Test of Creative Imagination for Young People, PIC-J. Students of English as a foreign language in the 3rd year of secondary education from two schools were selected based on their availability to participate in the project. The students were aged 14 to 16 with a non-probabilistic sampling value of N = 117. (3) Results: Results show a negative correlation between narrative creativity and the need for cognitive closure. The need for cognitive closure is mainly manifested in two of its five dimensions: order and predictability. In addition, the group analysis of the lie scale revealed a higher tendency of male students to be less likely to respond truthfully. Meanwhile, the percentage of participants in the lie scale group was higher in rural schools. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, students who do not belong to the lie scale group seem to have more creativity than students in the lie scale group, while students in the lie scale group have a lower final course grade than students in the non lie scale group.

Background: The influence of mass media on emotions, subjective well-being and behaviours in society should be clearly understood. Physical-health education has an important role to play as a preventive tool. The aim of this study was to develop an explanatory model regarding the relationships between mass media, psychological well-being, physical activity, Mediterranean diet and age and to compare the model with multi-group analysis according to gender., Methods: A descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional design was used, with 634 participants between 18 and 66 years old (M = 35.18 ± 9.68)., Results: Structural equation modeling was found to be satisfactory for all parameters. Results show that mass media have a significant direct influence on well-being, with negative effects on physical activity and adherence to a Mediterranean diet. The model fitted better for males in terms of gender differences, showing a better fit of psychological well-being being associated with higher levels of physical activity and better adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Among women, no relationships were found between mass media pressure and psychological well-being and healthy physical habits, but higher personal satisfaction was associated with better physical activity and better dietary patterns., Conclusions: Thus, the study approaches society to a perspective influenced by mass media and physical-health education, reporting and emphasizing the importance of healthy lifestyles.

The aim was to determine the opinions held by a sample of students in relation to homoparenting as a family modality. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of university students specialization: social sciences using the AHFH. It is patent that opinions of students about the three factors (support, rejection and acceptance) that compose the construct of attitudes towards same-sex couples as a family structure, differ greatly depending on the positive or negative nature of these components. In conclusion, in relation to the dimension pertaining to rejection of same-sex couples as a family entity, we derived a configuration determined by 1 of the 4 predictor variables. In this case, gender was the only one of the 4 variables considered to support formation of a profile. This profile was constituted by male students who, independent of their birthplace setting, qualification and whether they personally know any same-sex couples, showed stronger agreement with the dimension describing rejection of same-sex couples as a family structure., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Lifespan is increasing globally as never before, and leading to an aging world population. Thus, the challenge for society and individuals is now how to live these years in the best possible health and wellbeing. Despite the benefits of physical activity for both are well documented, older people are not active enough. Physical self-concept is correlated with high levels of sports practice, although its evolution across one's life span is not clear. The aim of this research has been to analyze the physical self-concept in older adults and its relationship with emotional intelligence, motivation and sports habits. The sample of 520 adults aged between 41 and 80 was clustered in ranges of age; 70.96% were men ( n = 369; 57.34 years (SD: 7.97)) and 29.04% women ( n = 151; age = 55.56 years (SD: 9.12)). Questionnaires adapted to Spanish were used to measure physical self-concept (Physical Self-Perception Profile), motivation (Sport Motivation Scale), and emotional intelligence (Trait Meta-Mood Scale). Regarding physical self-concept, the youngest group obtained the highest mean values and the oldest group the lowest. Physical self-concept correlated positively with emotional regulation and intrinsic motivation. Initiation to sports in childhood, the practice of sports activities for more than 150' per week, and the practice of three or more sports, were associated with a higher score of physical self-concept. The findings reveal that physical self-concept declines in older adults, slightly at first, and sharply between 71 and 80 years, being intrinsic motivation, emotional regulation, and sports habits, factors to consider in favoring a positive physical self-concept and adherence to sporting activities., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Background: The university years bring a great deal of vital changes. In addition, psycho-social factors play a key role in university students' development and their consumption of harmful substances. The aim is to analyse academic performance according to psychosocial factors, self-concept, emotional intelligence and harmful substance consumption in a sample of future Physical Education teachers., Methods: The present study was carried out with a sample of 775 undergraduate students who were studying for the Primary Education Degree in Physical Education in Andalusia, Spain. The main instruments used include an ad hoc questionnaire, the Self-Concept Form-5 test, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and the Emotional Intelligence Inventory adapted to Sport., Results: The results show that young people who have a greater general self-concept and self-emotional management are those who access the university degree through Vocational Training. In relation to the average record mark, it was observed that participants with marks of notable and outstanding obtained higher scores in general self-concept, academic dimension and hetero-emotional management. Those with grades of passed and outstanding were those with higher levels in the physical dimension of self-concept and emotional use. In relation to receiving a scholarship to study, it has been shown that those university students who do perceive it have higher levels in most of the dimensions of emotional intelligence and self-concept., Conclusions: Finally, the harmful substances did not show significant relationships with academic factors, except between tobacco and the average mark of the file.

(1) Background: Family is considered as one of the most important elements for the transmission of healthy habits that improve the lives of students. For this reason, the present study aims to describe the degree of family functionality, emotional intelligence, Mediterranean diet adherence, and extra-curricular physical activity engagement. A further aim is to perform a correlational analysis between these variables. (2) Methods: To this end, an ad hoc questionnaire was used, alongside the APGAR, KIDMED, and Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24). (3) Results: Finally, the data suggest that a high percentage of students need to improve their diet. Further, students reporting severe family dysfunction showed worse outcomes. Thus, levels of emotional clarity were lower when family functionality was poor. Poor diet quality was also associated with lower emotional attention, with Mediterranean diet adherence being positively related to emotional clarity and repair, as well as normal family functionality. (4) Conclusions: Boys showed higher levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet adherence, while girls reported higher family functionality. Thus, compliance with the minimum recommendations for physical activity engagement was associated with adequate adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The importance of diet for obtaining an optimal physical condition, adequate emotional state, and family functionality is highlighted.

(1) Background: Nomophobia is a recent behavioural addiction phenomenon. The present study proposes the objective of determining levels of nomophobia in students of Education. In addition, it seeks to find evidence regarding whether cross-tabulating variables produces statistically significant differences and to examine whether the contemplated variables, together with nomophobia levels, can be used to generate a student profile. (2) Methods: A total of 510 students (M = 20.69 years) participated in this study. For the collection of information, we developed a Likert-type ad hoc scale of nomophobia. The quantitative data analysis programmes SPSS v.25 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), STATA.v.15 (StatCorp, Spring, TX, USA) and jamovi v.1.2 (The jamovi project, Sidney, Australia) were used to analyse information collected by the previously described scale. (3) Results: The study concludes the existence of three main levels of correspondence. The first is formed by students with a low level of nomophobia. It is associated with students undertaking the first year of a Master's degree who are older than 24, and in this case, gender does not play a discriminating role. The second describes students with moderate nomophobia. It is associated with females, the degree titles of Pedagogy and Primary Education, undertaking the first or second year of degree study and ages of between 21 and 24. Finally, the third level of correspondence is formed by students with high nomophobia. It is related to the same characteristics as those previously mentioned but ages typically ranging between 17 and 20.