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Aim: To develop a nomogram‐based predictive model of tooth survival by comprehensively analysing clinical and radiographic risk factors of tooth loss (TL). Materials and Methods: In this study, 3447 teeth of 131 subjects who underwent non‐surgical periodontal treatment were examined retrospectively within a mean follow‐up period of 11.6 years. The association of risk factors including clinical and radiographic parameters with TL was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A nomogram‐based predictive model was developed, and its validation and discriminatory ability were analysed. Results: In all, 313 teeth were lost in 94 patients in this study (overall tooth loss [OTL] 9.08%; 0.21 teeth/patient/year). Male, heavy smoking, molar teeth, probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), tooth mobility and radiographic bone loss were significantly associated with TL (p <.05). A gradient effect of tooth mobility on TL increased from degree I to III versus none (p <.0001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.865. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis demonstrated good performance and high net benefit, respectively. Conclusions: Adopting a specific nomogram could facilitate the prediction of tooth survival and the development of tailored treatment plans in Chinese patients with advanced periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the dynamic changes of peri‐implant microbiome in patients with a history of periodontitis and to construct a microbial prediction model. Materials and methods: The prospective study was performed at one month (T1), one year (T2) and two years (T3) after restoration. Clinical examinations [probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration (SUP)], radiographic examinations and sample collection were conducted at three timepoints. Peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) was collected and analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to identify differences. Results: Totally, 168 subjects were assessed for eligibility. Twenty‐two patients were recruited in the longitudinal study. Eventually, 67 PISF samples from 24 implants of 12 patients were collected and analysed. Peri‐implant microbiome showed increasing diversity and complexity over time. Disease‐associated genera Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Treponema and Prevotella dramatically increased from T1 to T3. The prediction model for clinical suppuration at T1 showed a high accuracy of 90%. Conclusion: The dysbiosis of peri‐implant microbiome increased with time during the two‐year observation in patients with a history of periodontitis. Genera of Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Treponema and Prevotella were biomarkers of peri‐implant mucositis. Microbiota at the early stage could predict subsequent microbial dysbiosis and clinical suppuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Association between BMI and periodontitis were controversial. A study indicated that not only overweight or obesity but also underweight was correlated with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). However, the exact relationship between BMI and GAgP and the optimal BMI value for the lowest risk of GAgP remain unknown.Objective: To explore the exact relationship between BMI and GAgP risk, periodontal status and WBC (white blood cell) count and find the optimal BMI value associated with the lowest risk, periodontal status and lowest WBC of GAgP in Chinese.Methods: 300 GAgP patients and 133 healthy controls were recruited. Height and weight of participants were accurately measured to calculate BMI value. Clinical periodontal parameters, including probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), and bleeding index (BI) were recorded. WBC was obtained from routine blood examination. Smooth curve fitting and segmented regression model were used to analyze the threshold effect between BMI and variables. The shape of the curve was used to describe the relationships between BMI and GAgP.Results: U-shaped relationships between BMI and risk of GAgP, AL, and WBC count in GAgP patients were observed. The optimal value of BMI for the lowest risk of GAgP and lowest WBC count was 22 kg/m2 . The risk of GAgP increased by 39% in patients per unit increase of BMI when BMI ranged from 22 to 28 kg/m2 (adjusted OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.67) and increased by 18% per unit decrease of BMI when BMI ranged from 22 to 18 kg/m2 (adjusted OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.97). The count of WBC increased by 1.12 × 109 /L in patients per unit increase of BMI when BMI ranged from 22 to 28 kg/m2 (adjusted β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.23) and increased by 0.2 × 109 /L per unit decrease of BMI when BMI ranged from 22 to18 kg/m2 (adjusted β = -0.2, 95% CI: -0.35, -0.04).Conclusion: U-shaped relationships exist between BMI and risk of GAgP, AL, and WBC count in patients with GAgP among Chinese aged below 36 years old with their BMI range from 18 to 28 kg/m2 ; the optimal BMI value for lowest odds ratio and lowest WBC count of GAgP was 22 kg/m2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The microbiologic feature of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in Chinese patients has not yet been determined. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of eight periodontal microorganisms and the distribution of the Porphyromonas gingivatis fimA genotype in a cohort of Chinese patients with AgP. Methods: Saliva and pooled subgingival plaque samples were collected from 81 patients with AgP (25 with incisor-first molar type and 56 with generalized type [GAgP]) and 34 periodontally healthy controls. Eight periodontal microorganisms, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetem-comitans, P. gingivalis, Tannereita forsythia, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter rectus, Prevoteila intermedia, Pre-votella nigrescens, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were detected in these samples by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, the distribution of fimA genotypes was assessed in P. gingivalis-positive individuals by PCR. Results: The prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, C. rectus, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with AgP was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with GAgP was relatively low (30.4%) compared with other pathogens. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that younger patients were more likely to harbor A. actinomycetemcomitans (odds ratio = 2.85). Type II was the most prevalent fimA genotype of P. gingivalis in patients with AgP. Conclusions: P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, C. rectus, P. intermedia, and F. nucleatum were the predominant periodontal pathogens of patients with GAgP in China. Type II of fimA was the most prevalent genotype of P. gingivalis in patients with AgP. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with GAgP was relatively low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "peri-implantitis" (peri-implantitis) refers to an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa surrounding an endosseous implant and a progressive loss of the peri-implant bone that supports the implant. Recently, it has been suggested that the increased sensitivity of implants to infection and the quick elimination of supporting tissue after infection may be caused by a dysregulated peri-implant mucosal immune response. Macrophages are polarized in response to environmental signals and play multiple roles in peri-implantitis. In peri-implantitis lesion samples, recent investigations have discovered a considerable increase in M1 type macrophages, with M1 type macrophages contributing to the pro-inflammatory response brought on by bacteria, whereas M2 type macrophages contribute to inflammation remission and tissue repair. In an effort to better understand the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis and suggest potential immunomodulatory treatments for peri-implantitis in the direction of macrophage polarization patterns, this review summarizes the research findings related to macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis and compares them with periodontitis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Li, Guo, Meng, Feng, Zhang and Pan.)

Using SCAN-rVV10+U, we show Cr 2 TiC 2 and Cr 2 TiC 2 T 2 (T = -F and -OH) MXenes are moderate band gap semiconductors mostly in the antiferromagnetic state. All investigated MXene structures show large Seebeck coefficients (>400 μV/K), especially Cr 2 TiC 2 (>800 μV/K) and Cr 2 TiC 2 F 2 (>700 μV/K). The hole relaxation time of p-type Cr 2 TiC 2 (OH) 2 is found to be ∼8 ps, ensuring its superior electron transport properties in comparison to other investigated MXenes. It is also discovered that the surface functionalization could decrease the phonon thermal conduction and that Cr 2 TiC 2 (OH) 2 has the smallest lattice thermal conductivity (∼6.5 W/m·K) and the largest electron thermal conduction (>50 W/m·K with n = 10 19 cm -3 ). We predict the ZT value of p-type Cr 2 TiC 2 (OH) 2 can reach 3.0 at 600 K with the maximum thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 20%. Overall, the thermoelectric property of Cr-based ordered double transition metal MXenes is far superior to that of any known two-dimensional structures in the MXene family.

Background: 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) is the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D. Elevated plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) levels were verified to be associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). In the present study, the influence of initial periodontal therapy on systemic and local levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) and three related elements (osteocalcin and interleukin-1beta and -6) in patients with GAgP was investigated., Methods: Nineteen patients with GAgP were enrolled. All patients received initial periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid at two sites of each subject were obtained before therapy and 2 and 6 months after therapy. Plasma was obtained before and 2 months after therapy from 12 of 19 subjects. Systemic and local levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3), osteocalcin, and interleukin-1beta and -6 before and after therapy were measured using radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and compared., Results: The respective systemic 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) and interleukin-1beta levels significantly dropped from baseline to 2 months after therapy (29.28 nmol/l versus 22.50 nmol/l, P = 0.001, and 6.71 ng/l versus 3.23 ng/l, P <0.001, respectively). The respective local 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) and interleukin-1beta levels significantly decreased from baseline to 2 and 6 months after therapy (8,950 nmol/l versus 5,650 nmol/l versus 3,438 nmol/l, P <0.001, and 10,595 ng/l versus 5,495 ng/l versus 3,960 ng/l, P <0.001, respectively). Systemic and local 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) concentrations were positively correlated at baseline (r = 0.877; P = 0.022), as was osteocalcin (r = 0.939; P = 0.005)., Conclusions: 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) and interleukin-1beta levels were systemically and locally reduced in patients with GAgP by initial periodontal therapy. 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) might be involved in periodontal inflammation.