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Spinal cord injury results in the loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions, which almost always produces permanent physical disability. Thus, in the search for more effective treatments than those already applied for years, which are not entirely efficient, researches have been able to demonstrate the potential of biological strategies using biomaterials to tissue manufacturing through bioengineering and stem cell therapy as a neuroregenerative approach, seeking to promote neuronal recovery after spinal cord injury. Each of these strategies has been developed and meticulously evaluated in several animal models with the aim of analyzing the potential of interventions for neuronal repair and, consequently, boosting functional recovery. Although the majority of experimental research has been conducted in rodents, there is increasing recognition of the importance, and need, of evaluating the safety and efficacy of these interventions in non-human primates before moving to clinical trials involving therapies potentially promising in humans. This article is a literature review from databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc, Cochrane, and NCBI) from 10 years ago to date, using keywords (spinal cord injury, cell therapy, non-human primates, humans, and bioengineering in spinal cord injury). From 110 retrieved articles, after two selection rounds based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were analyzed. Thus, this review arises from the need to recognize the experimental therapeutic advances applied in non-human primates and even humans, aimed at deepening these strategies and identifying the advantages and influence of the results on extrapolation for clinical applicability in humans.

Observada a desproporcionalidade entre os efeitos punitivos da falta grave por porte de drogas para consumo (efeito encarcerador) em relação à sanção prevista na Lei de Drogas (efeito administrativo), este estudo pretendeu identificar os argumentos jurídicos veiculados na esfera jurisdicional que sustentam o tratamento desigual conferido aos usuários em meio fechado. Assim, objetivou-se (primeiro) discutir dogmaticamente os efeitos punitivos do porte de drogas para consumo para usuários em meio livre e intramuros; e (segundo) realizar um diagnóstico qualitativo-crítico dos argumentos mobilizados para sustentar a desproporcionalidade, através de procedimento de análise jurisprudencial. A análise das decisões identificou um caráter moralista na leitura do indivíduo privado de liberdade, ficando demonstrado que as narrativas produzidas em sede de decisões judiciais engajam processos de aprisionamento por meio de discursos puramente punitivistas.

Abstract Background Despite many years of investigation into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their potential for treating inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19, clinical outcomes remain variable due to factors like donor variability, different tissue sources, and diversity within MSC populations. Variations in MSCs’ secretory and proliferation profiles, and their proteomic and transcriptional characteristics significantly influence their therapeutic potency, highlighting the need for enhanced characterization methods to better predict their efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the biological characteristics of MSCs from different tissue origins, selecting the most promising line for further validation in a K18-hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We studied nine MSC lines sourced from either bone marrow (hBMMSC), dental pulp (hDPMSC), or umbilical cord tissue (hUCMSC). The cells were assessed for their proliferative capacity, immunophenotype, trilineage differentiation, proteomic profile, and in vitro immunomodulatory potential by co-culture with activated lymphocytes. The most promising MSC line was selected for further experimental validation using the K18-hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results The analyzed cells met the minimum criteria for defining MSCs, including the expression of surface molecules and differentiation capacity, showing genetic stability and proliferative potential. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct protein profiles that correlate with the tissue origin of MSCs. The immunomodulatory response exhibited variability, lacking a discernible pattern associated with their origin. In co-culture assays with lymphocytes activated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads, all MSC lines demonstrated the ability to inhibit TNF-α, to induce TGF-β and Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), with varying degrees of inhibition observed for IFN-γ and IL-6, or induction of IL-10 expression. A module of proteins was found to statistically correlate with the potency of IL-6 modulation, leading to the selection of one of the hUCMSCs as the most promising line. Administration of hUCMSC to SARS-CoV-2-infected K18 mice expressing hACE2 was effective in improving lung histology and modulating of a panel of cytokines. Conclusions Our study assessed MSCs derived from various tissues, uncovering significant variability in their characteristics and immunomodulatory capacities. Particularly, hUCMSCs demonstrated potential in mitigating lung pathology in a SARS-CoV-2 infection model, suggesting their promising therapeutic efficacy.

As redes sociais tornaram-se plataformas importantes para o compartilhamento de experiências pessoais durante eventos desafiadores. Cuidadores frequentemente utilizam essas plataformas para divulgar vídeos de seus filhos, incluindo conteúdos criados pelas próprias crianças como parte do brincar virtual. Contudo, o compartilhamento de experiências infantis em redes sociais, particularmente em eventos climáticos extremos, ainda demanda maior investigação, especialmente quanto ao seu potencial para informar respostas a crises futuras. Este estudo analisou, por meio de uma netnografia nas plataformas Instagram e TikTok, as experiências de crianças compartilhadas por seus responsáveis durante as enchentes de 2024 no sul do Brasil. Foram examinados nove vídeos utilizando análise temática reflexiva. Os resultados evidenciaram a centralidade do brincar, inclusive com telas, e a importância dos brinquedos como símbolos de lar nas vivências infantis. Observaram-se também expressões de gratidão das crianças pelas doações recebidas, destacando o papel do apoio social em momentos de crise. As crianças assumiram um papel ativo nos vídeos, adaptando criativamente o estilo de influenciadores digitais para promover ações de solidariedade. Embora os vídeos tenham dado visibilidade às experiências infantis, eles levantam questões sobre a exposição das crianças nas redes sociais e seu direito à privacidade, reforçando a responsabilidade de segurança digital por parte de seus cuidadores. Conclui-se que as telas podem ser aliadas no estímulo ao brincar criativo, sendo essencial oferecer condições para o brincar tanto on-line quanto off-line, especialmente em contextos de eventos climáticos extremos.

Summary: We present a study of rare germline predisposition variants in 954 unrelated individuals with multiple myeloma (MM) and 82 MM families. Using a candidate gene approach, we identified such variants across all age groups in 9.1% of sporadic and 18% of familial cases. Implicated genes included genes suggested in other MM risk studies as potential risk genes (DIS3, EP300, KDM1A, and USP45); genes involved in predisposition to other cancers (ATM, BRCA1/2, CHEK2, PMS2, POT1, PRF1, and TP53); and BRIP1, EP300, and FANCM in individuals of African ancestry. Variants were characterized using loss of heterozygosity (LOH), biallelic events, and gene expression analyses, revealing 31 variants in 3.25% of sporadic cases for which pathogenicity was supported by multiple lines of evidence. Our results suggest that the disruption of DNA damage repair pathways may play a role in MM susceptibility. These results will inform improved surveillance in high-risk groups and potential therapeutic strategies.

BackgroundFollowing transection, nerve repair using the polylactic acid (PLA) conduit is an effective option. In addition, inosine treatment has shown potential to promote nerve regeneration. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regenerative potential of inosine after nerve transection and polylactic acid conduit repair.MethodsC57/Black6 mice were subjected to sciatic nerve transection, repair with PLA conduit, and intraperitoneal injection of saline or inosine 1 h after injury and daily for 1 week. To assess motor and sensory recovery, functional tests were performed before and weekly up to 8 weeks after injury. Following, to evaluate the promotion of regeneration and myelination, electroneuromyography, morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry were then performed.ResultsOur results showed that the inosine group had a greater number of myelinated nerve fibers (1,293 ± 85.49 vs. 817 ± 89.2), an increase in neurofilament high chain (NFH) and myelin basic protein (MBP) immunolabeling and a greater number of fibers within the ideal g-ratio (453.8 ± 45.24 vs. 336.6 ± 37.01). In addition, the inosine group presented a greater adenosine A2 receptor (A2AR) immunolabeling area. This resulted in greater compound muscle action potential amplitude and nerve conduction velocity, leading to preservation of muscle and neuromuscular junction integrity, and consequently, the recovery of motor and sensory function.ConclusionOur findings suggest that inosine may enhance regeneration and improve both motor and sensory function recovery after nerve transection when repaired with a poly-lactic acid conduit. This advances the understanding of biomaterials and molecular treatments.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender como as câmaras criminais do Tribunal do Rio Grande do Sul (TJRS) estão decidindo sobre a aplicabilidade do Habeas Corpus coletivo nº 143.641/SP concedido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. A proposta vista analisar como a magistratura, em segunda instância, do Rio Grande do Sul está julgando a concessão da substituição da prisão preventiva em prisão domiciliar para mulheres gestantes, puérperas ou que tenham sob sua guarda filho/a menor de 12 anos ou deficiente, excetuados os casos de crimes praticados mediante violência ou grave ameaça, contra seus descendentes ou, ainda, em situações excepcionalíssimas, as quais deverão ser devidamente fundamentadas pelos juízes para sua denegação. Para tanto, como metodologia principal para coleta de dados, utilizou-se o mecanismo de busca de jurisprudência do sítio eletrônico do TJRS, no qual foi inserido a palavra-chave “HC Coletivo 143641”, sem aspas, com filtragem específica para obter decisões somente das oito câmaras criminais da corte. O objeto de busca dos termos foi a ementa das decisões e a data de corte do levantamento limitou-se ao dia 19 de abril de 2022. Os resultados apresentados na pesquisa comprovam que na grande maioria das oito Câmaras criminais do TJRS há uma grande dificuldade em dar efetivo cumprimento ao Habeas Corpus nº 143.641/SP e à própria legislação vigente, mesmo em situações nas quais não há violência ou grave ameaça na conduta analisada, ou ainda outro fator que seja agravante para justificar a não concessão da medida de prisão domiciliar em favor das mães.

Abstract: Objective This study sought to investigate associations between illness perception, adherence to antiretroviral medication, and levels of anxiety and depression in individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Method One hundred and one patients receiving outpatient care at a university hospital completed the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results Through statistical analyses, using Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests, a statistically significant positive association (p < 0.001) was found between scores of illness perception and anxiety and depression, suggesting that the greater the perception of threat imposed by the disease, the greater the frequency of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Negative and significant associations were also found between adherence to medical prescriptions and perceived threat of living with HIV/AIDS (p < 0.001) and levels of anxiety (p < 0.043). Conclusion Research on psychological variables in chronically ill individuals is necessary to support assessments and interventions in the field.

Resumo Fundamento: Os cardioversores-desfibriladores implantáveis (CDIs) são indicados para pacientes que apresentaram taquiarritmias malignas por causas irreversíveis, clinicamente estáveis e que tenham expectativa de vida maior que um ano. No entanto, condições socioeconômicas e psicossociais desfavoráveis impactam negativamente a sobrevida de curto prazo e podem tornar o implante inapropriado. Objetivo: Avaliar se marcadores econômicos e psicossociais (MEPS) estão associados a maior mortalidade no primeiro ano (indicando implantes potencialmente inapropriados) após implante do CDI. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva entre 2017 e 2021 incluindo pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) < 50% submetidos a implante de CDI como profilaxia secundária. Antes do procedimento, foram avaliados por uma EMD que investigou quatro variáveis denominadas MEPS: vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, capacidade do autocuidado, adesão farmacológica e transtornos do humor. Os participantes foram acompanhados por no mínimo 12 meses. Foi considerado significância estatística valores-p < 0,05. Resultados: Foram incluídos 208 indivíduos, sendo 144 (68,9%) do sexo masculino. A FEVE média foi 32% ±9 e 107 (51%) tinham etiologia chagásica. A mortalidade no primeiro ano foi 54/208 (25,8%). Todos os pacientes que faleceram tinham ao menos um dos MEPS e não houve óbitos entre os 73 (35,4%) que não tinham MEPS. Em análise multivariada ter MEPS e a FEVE foram os únicos preditor independente na mortalidade menor que 1 ano: RR 20,48 (2,75 – 52,29); p=0,003 e RR 0,97 (0,93 – 0,99); p=0,047, respectivamente. Conclusão: Condições socioeconômicas e psicossociais devem ser identificadas e quando possível resolvidas antes do implante, pois podem tornar o implante do dispositivo um procedimento potencialmente inapropriado.

Objective: to evaluate the usability of the “Systematic Review Support” computer system. Method: methodological study involving 21 students who evaluated the computer system in a remote and synchronous usability test. Two activities were carried out, containing 21 tasks simulating the initial steps of a review study, proposals for eliminating duplicate references, selecting studies and resolving disagreements between evaluators. At the end, participants answered the System Usability Scale questionnaire. The measures used were: completion rate with assistance (effectiveness) and time to complete the task (efficiency). The data was described in a table using the mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values. Results: in a total of 21 tasks, the participants had an assisted completion rate of 9% and an average time of 55.1 minutes (the expected time being 60 minutes). The average score provided by the System Usability Scale instrument was 82.4 (considering a score from 0 to 100), median 85; minimum value 35 and maximum 97.5. Conclusion: the computer system has the effectiveness and efficiency parameters required of a computer review tool. It has a usability score of 82.4 on a scale of 0 to 100 assessed by the System Usability Scale instrument. The version presented incorporates the adjustments identified in the test in use.

Objective: To investigating the relationship between α-Klotho and FGF-23 with bone biochemical markers and bone density findings in extremely aged individuals. Methods: A total of 55 individuals with a mean age of 85.6 years were subjected to clinical, biochemical, and bone mineral density analyses and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based detection of α-Klotho and FGF-23. The mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile ranges of the sample values were determined, and Spearman's test for association assessments was used for statistical analysis. Results: The study participants expressed median FGF-23 and α-Klotho levels of 69.81 RU/mL (51.43 RU/mL) and 733.43 pg/mL (360.83 pg/mL), respectively. The majority of the participants possessed osteopenia (54.5%) and a vitamin D deficiency (57%). The 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ranged between 7.1 and 47.5ng/mL, with a median of 18.1ng/mL. Conclusion: No substantial associations were discovered between α-Klotho and FGF-23 levels and bone density in the study participants.

Abstract A safe and effective vaccine with long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) is a global health priority. Here, we develop lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to provide safe and effective delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and show protection against VOCs in female small animal models. Using a library of LNPs encapsulating unique barcoded DNA (b-DNA), we screen for b-DNA delivery after intramuscular administration. The top-performing LNPs are further tested for their capacity of pDNA uptake in antigen-presenting cells in vitro. The lead LNP is used to encapsulate pDNA encoding the HexaPro version of SARS-CoV-2 spike (LNP-HPS) and immunogenicity and protection is tested in vivo. LNP-HPS elicit a robust protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 Gamma (P.1), correlating with reduced lethality, decreased viral load in the lungs and reduced lung damage. LNP-HPS induce potent humoral and T cell responses against P.1, and generate high levels of neutralizing antibodies against P.1 and Omicron (B.1.1.529). Our findings indicate that the protective efficacy and immunogenicity elicited by LNP-HPS are comparable to those achieved by the approved COVID-19 vaccine from Biontech/Pfizer in animal models. Together, these findings suggest that LNP-HPS hold great promise as a vaccine candidate against VOCs.

Abstract Objective: To assess the association of obesogenic environmental characteristics around schools with body adiposity and adipokine concentrations in Brazilian children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Body adiposity was assessed using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and chemerin were measured. Predominantly ultra-processed food (UPF) stores, public physical activity (PA) facilities, green spaces, walkability, traffic accidents and crime were evaluated. The neighbourhood unit was the 400 m (0·25 miles) road network buffer around schools. The association of environmental characteristics with body adiposity and adipokine concentrations was assessed by linear regression models using generalised estimating equations. Setting: Urban schools (n 24), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants: Children aged 8 and 9 years (n 378). Results: A higher density of predominantly UPF stores and a lower percentage of green space were associated with higher total (β: 0·12; 95 % CI 0·06, 0·18 and β: –0·10; 95 % CI –0·16, –0·04, respectively) and android body fat (β: 0·28; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·43 and β: –0·18; 95 % CI –0·32, –0·04, respectively). In addition, the densities of PA facilities and crime were inversely associated with leptin concentrations. Traffic accidents density and percentage of green spaces around schools had, respectively, a positive and an inverse association with concentrations of adiponectin and RBP4. Conclusions: Obesogenic environmental characteristics around schools were associated with total and android body fat, as well as with pro-inflammatory adipokine concentrations in Brazilian children from a medium-sized city.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the content published in the Proceedings of the 71st Brazilian Nursing Congress and the 20th National Research Seminar in the field of sexual and reproductive health. Method: Qualitative, descriptive study, whose data sources were the annalsof two 2019 events that were related to Sexual and Reproductive Health. Content analysis and lexical typology were carried out with the aid of the IRAMUTEq® software. Results: In a universe of 3,433 abstracts, 603 were analyzed and showed a higher prevalence of qualitative studies and experience reports, focusing on the maternal-child area and on the pathologizing and medicalizing processes of women's health, with incipient use of software in the analysis. However, there were signs of health promotion and humanized care. Conclusion: The dissemination of studies in the field of sexual and Reproductive Health seems to be in a conflict between accommodation and resistance, at the same time that it maintains old imperatives of the hegemonic domain, seeking to overcome them with new methodologies and care based on integrality and equity.

A serragem gerada no processamento da madeira tanto em lojas moveleiras como na extração de árvores é um resíduo que possui diversas aplicações para reutilização, mas que, em muitos casos, ainda é descartado de forma irregular no meio ambiente, contaminando o solo, o ar e a água. A produção de agregado leve pode ser uma opção para o reaproveitamento dessa serragem. O agregado leve (AL) é uma opção de brita usada em construção civil com o objetivo de reduzir o peso da estrutura, melhorar o conforme térmico e acústico ou, ainda, como opção para locais onde a brita não está disponível. No Brasil e em quase todo o mundo existem argilas comuns disponíveis e que poderiam ser utilizadas na produção de agregado leve. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi produzir um AL para diferentes aplicações, entre elas como agregado para construção civil, tijolos e como elemento de adorno. Foram testadas formulações para a produção de agregado leve contendo argila ilita e serragem. Também, para efeito de comparação, foi adquirido um agregado leve comercial, e formulações feitas com argila e carvão mineral, argila e óleo combustível. Os corpos de prova foram produzidos por prensagem à pressão de 30 MPa, em formato cilíndrico com diâmetro de 19 mm e altura de 15 mm. Após a queima, os corpos de prova foram caracterizados por ensaios tecnológicos de absorção de água, densidade aparente, resistência à compressão, difração de raios X e análise química por fluorescência de raios X. Os resultados mostraram que a incorporação de serragem nas formulações pode ser uma alternativa para a produção de agregado leve, uma vez que se obtiveram alta resistência e baixa densidade em comparação com o agregado leve comercial e os produzidos com materiais não sustentáveis. Além disso, o uso da serragem contribuiu para a redução do impacto ambiental causado pelo descarte desnecessário de serragem e pela extração de recursos naturais, necessários para a produção de materiais de construção.

Abstract High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most lethal histotype of ovarian cancer and the majority of cases present with metastasis and late-stage disease. Over the last few decades, the overall survival for patients has not significantly improved, and there are limited targeted treatment options. We aimed to better characterize the distinctions between primary and metastatic tumors based on short- or long-term survival. We characterized 39 matched primary and metastatic tumors by whole exome and RNA sequencing. Of these, 23 were short-term (ST) survivors (overall survival (OS) 5 years). We compared somatic mutations, copy number alterations, mutational burden, differential gene expression, immune cell infiltration, and gene fusion predictions between the primary and metastatic tumors and between ST and LT survivor cohorts. There were few differences in RNA expression between paired primary and metastatic tumors, but significant differences between the transcriptomes of LT and ST survivors in both their primary and metastatic tumors. These findings will improve the understanding of the genetic variation in HGSC that exist between patients with different prognoses and better inform treatments by identifying new targets for drug development.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the direct and indirect associations of obesogenic and leptogenic neighborhood environments with body fat, and pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines in Brazilian children. Design: Cross-sectional study. The body fat distribution was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured. Four hundred meters (0·25 miles) road network buffer was the neighborhood unit used to assess the environmental characteristics around households. Obesogenic and leptogenic environments were the latent variables obtained from the observed characteristics. The mother’s BMI, ultra-processed food consumption, and physical activity before and after school, were tested as mediating variables. A hybrid model of structural equations was used to test the direct and indirect associations of obesogenic and leptogenic environments with body fat, leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Setting: Urban area of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants: Children aged 8- and 9-years (n 367). Results: Obesogenic environment was directly associated with the mother’s BMI (β: 0·24, P = 0·02) and the child’s body fat (β: 0·19, P = 0·02). The mother’s BMI and body fat mediated the association of the obesogenic environment with leptin concentrations (β: 0·05, P = 0·02). Conclusions: Obesogenic neighborhood environment was directly associated with body fat and mother's BMI, and indirectly associated with leptin concentrations in Brazilian children, mediated by the mother’s BMI and body fat.

The AA 2198-T851 is a third-generation Al-Li alloy developed for use in the aircraft industry. Al-Li alloys are susceptible to localized corrosion due to their complex microstructure resulting from the used thermomechanical treatment. In order to prevent localized corrosion, these alloys are usually protected by anodizing in order to avoid a corrosive environment. Subsequently, for anodizing, a sealing treatment is usually performed for parts. Some sealing treatments use hexavalent-chromium-ion-containing solutions. In this investigation, a chromium-free sealing treatment in a solution with cerium ions has been carried out, and the effect on the corrosion resistance of the AA2198-T851 alloy was investigated. Hydrothermally sealed or unsealed samples were also tested for corrosion resistance for comparison reasons. The corrosion resistance of the anodized aluminum alloy, either hydrothermally sealed or in a cerium-ion-containing solution, was evaluated in a sodium chloride solution by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a function of immersion time. The samples sealed in a cerium-containing solution increased their corrosion resistance when compared to the hydrothermally sealed. The effectiveness of the sealing process with cerium that was observed in the electrochemical tests indicated that after the corrosive attack of the barrier layer, there was a “sealing” process of the sample surface.

ABSTRACT Training monitoring is important in the development process of the athlete. The objective of the study was to characterize the psychophysiological response and physical demands of soccer, basketball, handball, and volleyball with young athletes. The sample consisted of 61 young athletes of both genders and members of team sports, 10 training sessions for each modality were monitored. The psychophysiological responses were monitored by the session rating perception of exertion (Session RPE) and training impulse (TRIMP). The physical demands were, distance covered (DC), DC by speed zone (DC_Z1, DC_Z2, DC_Z3, DC_Z4, DC_Z5), number of sprints, and duration of the session. In addition, the recovery status (TQR) was also collected. Differences were noted between duration (p

BackgroundThe frequency of antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) may vary in different populations, however, data from developing countries are lacking. To describe the clinical profile of AIE in Brazil, and to evaluate seasonality and predictors of AIE in adult and pediatric patients.MethodsWe evaluated patients with possible AIE from 17 centers of the Brazilian Autoimmune Encephalitis Network (BrAIN) between 2018 and 2022. CSF and serum were tested with TBAs and CBAs. Data on clinical presentation, complementary investigation, and treatment were compiled. Seasonality and predictors of AIE in adult and pediatric populations were analyzed.ResultsOf the 564 patients, 145 (25.7%) were confirmed as seropositive, 69 (12.23%) were seronegative according to Graus, and 58% received immunotherapy. The median delay to diagnosis confirmation was 5.97 ± 10.3 months. No seasonality variation was observed after 55 months of enrolment. The following antibodies were found: anti-NMDAR (n=79, 54%), anti-MOG (n=14, 9%), anti-LGI1(n=12, 8%), anti-GAD (n=11, 7%), anti-GlyR (n=7, 4%), anti-Caspr2 (n=6, 4%), anti-AMPAR (n=4, 2%), anti-GABA-BR (n=4, 2%), anti-GABA-AR (n=2, 1%), anti-IgLON5 (n=1, 1%), and others (n=5, 3%). Predictors of seropositive AIE in the pediatric population (n=42) were decreased level of consciousness (p=0.04), and chorea (p=0.002). Among adults (n=103), predictors of seropositive AIE were movement disorders (p=0.0001), seizures (p=0.0001), autonomic instability (p=0.026), and memory impairment (p=0.001).ConclusionMost common antibodies in Brazilian patients are anti-NMDAR, followed by anti-MOG and anti-LGI1. Only 26% of the possible AIE patients harbor antibodies, and 12% were seronegative AIE. Patients had a 6-month delay in diagnosis and no seasonality was found. Findings highlight the barriers to treating AIE in developing countries and indicate an opportunity for cost-effect analysis. In this scenario, some clinical manifestations help predict seropositive AIE such as decreased level of consciousness, chorea, and dystonia among children, and movement disorders and memory impairment among adults.

This article presents an action-research project from the EU-funded SMOOTH project, which focuses on the potential of Educational Commons to address educational inequalities. The project adopts an emergent paradigm that views spaces for collaboration, content co-creation, socialization, governance, and play as catalysts for reversing inequalities. The action-research, conducted in a disadvantaged non-formal education setting in northern Portugal, involved children aged 8–10 years old. Over a span of 10 months, the innovative action-research program aimed to achieve several objectives: (1) reversing inequalities faced by vulnerable social groups, (2) strengthening inter-cultural and inter-generational dialogue and social integration, (3) developing essential social and personal skills, and (4) creating smooth spaces of democratic citizenship based on equality, collaboration, sharing, and caring. By understanding the tensions and conflicts that emerge in children's everyday situations, the project sought to build and foster community through embracing differences. This article analyzes the characteristics, behaviors, challenges, and strengths observed during the 30 sessions. The results provide insights into the dimensions of Children as commoners, in terms of sharing and care, cooperation and collective creativity and active citizenship. This research contributes to the exploration of Educational Commons as a means to promote equity and transform educational contexts.

The Brazilian Practice Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation – Part II, developed by the Scientific Department of Neurological Rehabilitation of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, in Portuguese), focuses on specific rehabilitation techniques to aid recovery from impairment and disability after stroke. As in Part I, Part II is also based on recently available evidence from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and other guidelines. Part II covers disorders of communication, dysphagia, postural control and balance, ataxias, spasticity, upper limb rehabilitation, gait, cognition, unilateral spatial neglect, sensory impairments, home rehabilitation, medication adherence, palliative care, cerebrovascular events related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the future of stroke rehabilitation, and stroke websites to support patients and caregivers. Our goal is to provide health professionals with more recent knowledge and recommendations for better rehabilitation care after stroke.

Abstract Background Stroke is the main cause of oropharyngeal neurogenic dysphagia. Electrostimulation has been used as a therapeutic tool in these cases. However, there are few studies that prove its effectiveness. We evaluated the effect of functional electrostimulation as a complement to conventional speech therapy in patients with dysphagia after a stroke in a stroke unit. Methods We performed a clinical, randomized, and controlled trial divided into intervention group (IG) (n = 16) and control group (CG) (n = 17). All patients were treated with conventional speech therapy, and the IG also was submitted to the functional electrotherapy. Primary outcomes were Functional Oral Ingestion Scale (FOIS) and Swallowing videoendoscopy (FEES). The degree of dysphagia was scored in functional, mild, moderate and severe dysphagia according to FEES procedure. Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol (DREP) was considered a secondary outcome. Results There was a significant difference regarding FOIS scores after 5 days of intervention in groups. Both groups also showed a tendency to improve dysphagia levels measured by FEES, although not statistically significant. Improvements on oral feeding was seen in both groups. No significant differences between groups before and after the intervention were detected by DREP scores. Electrical stimulation did not show additional benefits beyond conventional therapy when comparing outcomes between groups. Conclusion Conventional speech therapy improved oral ingestion even regardless the use of electrostimulation in a stroke unit. Trial registration This research was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03649295 ) in 28/08/2018 and in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) (Register Number: RBR-56QK5J), approval date: 18/12/2018. HGF Ethics Committee Approval Number: N. 2.388.931.

ObjectivesTo prospectively assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL), global functionality, and disability in primary caregivers of surviving children and adolescents after COVID-19.MethodsA longitudinal observational study was carried out on primary caregivers of surviving pediatric post-COVID-19 patients (n = 51) and subjects without COVID-19 (n = 60). EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and 12-question WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) were answered for both groups. The univariate regression analysis was carried out using SPSS (v 20) and significance was established at 5%.ResultsThe median duration between COVID-19 diagnosis in children and adolescents and longitudinal follow-up visits was 4.4 months (0.8–10.7). The median age of children and adolescents caregivers with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was similar to primary caregivers of subjects without laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 [43.2 (31.6–60.9) vs. 41.5 (21.6–54.8) years, p = 0.08], as well as similar female sex (p = 1.00), level of schooling (p = 0.11), social assistance program (p = 0.28), family income/month U$ (p = 0.25) and the number of household’s members in the residence (p = 0.68). The frequency of slight to extreme problems (level ≥ 2) of the pain/discomfort domain according to EQ-5D-5L score was significantly higher in the former group [74% vs. 52.5%, p = 0.03, OR = 2.57 (1.14–5.96)]. The frequency of disability according to WHODAS 2.0 total score was similar to those without disability and unknown (p = 0.79); however, with a very high disability in both groups (72.5% and 78.3%). Further analysis of primary caregivers of children and adolescents with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) [n = 12/51 (23%)] compared to those without PCC [n = 39/51(77%)] revealed no differences between demographic data, EQ-5D-5L and WHODAS 2.0 scores in both groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionWe longitudinally demonstrated that pain/discomfort were predominantly reported in approximately 75% of primary caregiver of COVID-19 patients, with high disability in approximately three-quarters of both caregiver groups. These data emphasized the prospective and systematic caregiver burden evaluation relevance of pediatric COVID-19.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis compromises bone strength and increases the risk of fractures. Zoledronate prevents loss of bone mass and reduces the risk of fractures. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of zoledronate in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis. DESIGN AND SETTINGS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted within the evidence-based health program at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: An electronic search of the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS databases was performed until February 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing zoledronate with placebo or other bisphosphonates were included. Standard methodological procedures were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook and the certainty of evidence for the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group. Two authors assessed the risk of bias and extracted data on fractures, adverse events, bone turnover markers (BTM), and bone mineral density (BMD). RESULTS: Twelve trials from 6,652 records were included: nine compared zoledronate with placebo, two trials compared zoledronate with alendronate, and one trial compared zoledronate with ibandronate. Zoledronate reduced the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic [three years: morphometric vertebral fractures (relative risk, RR = 0.30 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.24–0.38))] and osteopenic women [six years: morphometric vertebral fractures (RR = 0.39 (95%CI: 0.25–0.61))], increased incidence of post-dose symptoms [RR = 2.56 (95%CI: 1.80–3.65)], but not serious adverse events [RR = 0.97 (95%CI: 0.91–1.04)]. Zoledronate reduced BTM and increased BMD in osteoporotic and osteopenic women. CONCLUSION: This review supports the efficacy and safety of zoledronate in postmenopausal women with osteopenia for six years and osteoporosis for three years. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022309708, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=309708.

Germline or somatic variation in the family of KMT2 lysine methyltransferases have been associated with a variety of congenital disorders and cancers. Notably, KMT2A-fusions are prevalent in 70% of infant leukaemias but fail to phenocopy short latency leukaemogenesis in mammalian models, suggesting additional factors are necessary for transformation. Given the lack of additional somatic mutation, the role of epigenetic regulation in cell specification, and our prior results of germline KMT2C variation in infant leukaemia patients, we hypothesized that germline dysfunction of KMT2C altered haematopoietic specification. In isogenic KMT2C KO hPSCs, we found genome-wide differences in histone modifications at active and poised enhancers, leading to gene expression profiles akin to mesendoderm rather than mesoderm highlighted by a significant increase in NODAL expression and WNT inhibition, ultimately resulting in a lack of in vitro hemogenic endothelium specification. These unbiased multi-omic results provide new evidence for germline mechanisms increasing risk of early leukaemogenesis.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to identify methodological aspects involved in determining anthropometric measurements among studies assessing the nutritional status of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: A search of the literature was performed on MEDLINE via Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The population comprised children and adolescents with CF. Observational studies and clinical trials using anthropometric and body composition measures and indices determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance assessment (BIA) were included. Use of a standardized procedure for data collection was defined when details on the instruments and their calibration were given, the measuring procedures were described, and when it was clear measures had been determined by a trained team, or the use of an anthropometric reference manual was cited. Data extracted were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Results: A total of 32 articles were included, and a total of 233 measures or indices were observed. The most frequently used measures were body mass index (kg/m2; 35%), weight (kg; 33%), and height (cm; 33%). Among the 28 studies that used anthropometric measures, 21 (75%) provided a complete or partial description of the measurement instruments used, 3 (11%) reported information on equipment calibration, 10 (36%) indicated the measurement procedures employed by assessors, and 2 (7%) stated a trained team had carried out the measurements. Conclusions: The poor description of measuring procedures precluded a meaningful evaluation of data quality. Scientific debate on this theme can help raise awareness of the need to ensure quality in collecting and fully presenting data.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho do sistema web “Apoio à Revisão Sistemática” quanto à identificação de referências bibliográficas duplicadas, em comparação a outros programas. Métodos Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica que avalia o processo automático de identificação de duplicatas do sistema “Apoio à Revisão Sistemática” (versão 1.0), em comparação ao EndNote X9® e Rayyan® , considerando checagem manual como referência. Foi utilizado um conjunto de estudos relacionados a três temas sobre fibrose cística recuperados das bases de dados Pubmed, Embase e Web of Science. Para avaliação de desempenho, utilizaram-se a sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia e área sob a curva ROC para cada software, em comparação à referência. Resultados As buscas nas bases de dados resultaram em 1332 estudos, sendo 273 (20,5%) verdadeiros duplicados. Em comparação aos dados de referência, o programa “Apoio à Revisão Sistemática” identificou maior proporção de duplicatas verdadeiras do que os demais. Os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia do sistema “Apoio à Revisão Sistemática” apresentaram-se acima de 98%. Conclusão e implicações para a prática O sistema “Apoio à Revisão Sistemática” possui alta sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia para identificação de estudos duplicados, otimizando o tempo e o trabalho dos revisores da área da saúde.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (β-CoV) betacoronavirus has posed a significant threat to global health. Despite the availability of vaccines, the virus continues to spread, and there is a need for alternative strategies to alleviate its impact. Vitamin D, a secosteroid hormone best known for its role in bone health, exhibits immunomodulatory effects in certain viral infections. Here, we have shown that bioactive vitamin D (calcitriol) limits in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2 and murine coronaviruses MHV-3 and MHV-A59. Comparative studies involving wild-type mice intranasally infected with MHV-3, a model for studying β-CoV respiratory infections, confirmed the protective effect of vitamin D in vivo. Accordingly, mice fed a standard diet rapidly succumbed to MHV-3 infection, whereas those on a vitamin D-rich diet (10,000 IU of Vitamin D3/kg) displayed increased resistance to acute respiratory damage and systemic complications. Consistent with these findings, the vitamin D-supplemented group exhibited lower viral titers in their lungs and reduced levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, alongside an enhanced type I interferon response. Altogether, our findings suggest vitamin D supplementation ameliorates β-CoV-triggered respiratory illness and systemic complications in mice, likely via modulation of the host’s immune response to the virus.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the main functions of the “Systematic Review Support” web-based system for removing duplicate articles and aiding eligibility analysis during the process of conducting systematic review studies. Methods: The system was developed based on the incremental build model using the Agile methodology. The software is proprietary source code and was published on a proprietary platform. The architecture of the production environment allows the infrastructure used to increase or decrease according to demand. The system functions are presented with insertion of screenshots of the interfaces of the version for personal computers during the simulation of a systematic review. Results: After importing the files containing the abstracts retrieved from the Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, the system identifies and removes duplicates for later reading and analysis of title and abstract, a stage which can be performed by one or more reviewers independently. After unblinding of reviewers, the decisions on the eligibility of the studies are compared automatically to help the researchers reach a consensus on any disagreements. Results can be filtered and a PDF produced containing the eligible studies. Conclusion: Version 1.0 of the system is available on the web (sysrev.azurewebsites.net) to assist researchers in the initial stages of systematic reviews.

Extreme rain events can cause social and economic impacts in various sectors. Knowing the risk of occurrences of extreme events is fundamental for the establishment of mitigation measures and for risk management. The analysis of frequencies of historical series of observed rain through theoretical probability distributions is the most commonly used method. The generalized extreme value (GEV) and Gumbel probability distributions stand out among those applied to estimate the maximum daily rainfall. The indication of the best distribution depends on characteristics of the data series used to adjust parameters and criteria used for selection. This study compares GEV and Gumbel distributions and analyzes different criteria used to select the best distribution. We used 224 series of annual maximums of rainfall stations in Santa Catarina (Brazil), with sizes between 12 and 90 years and asymmetry coefficient ranging from -0.277 to 3.917. We used the Anderson–Darling, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), and Filliben adhesion tests. For an indication of the best distribution, we used the standard error of estimate, Akaike’s criterion, and the ranking with adhesion tests. KS test proved to be less rigorous and only rejected 0.25% of distributions tested, while Anderson–Darling and Filliben tests rejected 9.06% and 8.8% of distributions, respectively. GEV distribution proved to be the most indicated for most stations. High agreement (73.7%) was only found in the indication of the best distribution between Filliben tests and the standard error of estimate.

Patient-derived xenograft models (PDX) have been extensively used to study the molecular and clinical features of cancers. Here the authors present a cohort of 536 PDX models from 25 cancers, as well as their genomic and evolutionary profiles and their suitability for clinical trials.

Background: Although evidence has indicated a positive effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on reducing pain, few studies have focused on the elderly population with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Objective: To evaluate whether tDCS reduces KOA pain in elderly individuals with a dysfunctional descending pain inhibitory system (DPIS). Methods: In a double-blind trial, individuals ≥ 60 years with KOA pain and a dysfunctional DPIS, we randomly assigned patients to receive 15 daily sessions of 2 mA tDCS over the primary motor cortex (anode) and contralateral supraorbital area (cathode) (M1-SO) for 20 min or sham tDCS. Change in pain perception indexed by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) at the end of intervention was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included: disability, quantitative sensory testing, pain pressure threshold and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Subjects were followed-up for 2 months. Results: Of the 104 enrolled subjects, with mean (SD) age of 73.9 (8.01) years and 88 (84.6%) female, 102 finished the trial. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the active tDCS group had a significantly greater reduction in BPI compared to the sham group (difference, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.95 to 2.23; P

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar quais são os fatores que restringem ou estimulam a utilização dos juros sobre capital próprio (JCP) como estratégia de retorno das cooperativas agropecuárias. Para tanto, empregou-se o método de pesquisa qualitativa básica com uso de entrevistas, conduzidas por meio de roteiros semiestruturados, e com a análise baseada na técnica de template. A amostra foi composta por doze entrevistados inseridos em cooperativas. Por meio da percepção dos mesmos, observou-se que os principais fatores que restringem a utilização da estratégia de retorno dos JCP pelas cooperativas agropecuárias são: a incidência da tributação; resistência em utilizar estratégia de retorno sob o capital; dificuldade de compreensão dos cooperados; possível falta de conhecimento de gestores e contadores; e, a preferência por captar recursos de terceiros. Apesar dos fatores restritivos, a estratégia de JCP pode ser compreendida como uma forma de incentivar a capitalização nas sociedades cooperativas.

We present an annotated list of anuran species found in the Parque Municipal de Piraputangas, a protected area of a semi-deciduous forest located in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Fieldwork was conducted three times per month between August 2012 and July 2013. We recorded 29 species from six families (Bufonidae, Dendrobatidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, Microhylidae, and Phyllomedusidae), representing 30% of the anuran species known to occur in Mato Grosso do Sul and 50% of the anurans recorded in this state’s semi-deciduous forests. Microhylids, leptodactylids, and bufonids were associated with terrestrial substrates, whereas most hylids and phyllomedusids were found perched on vegetation. This study will fill gaps in the knowledge on the anuran fauna of the western border of the Pantanal and will serve as a basis for additional studies that are needed to understand how species respond to habitat loss or fragmentation, such as landscape conversions, commercial logging, or mining.

Abstract Mutations in PRKN are the most common cause of early onset Parkinson’s disease. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, functioning in mitophagy. Mitochondrial abnormalities are present in PRKN mutant models. Patient derived neurons are a promising model in which to study pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Here we generate induced neuronal progenitor cells from PRKN mutant patient fibroblasts with a high dopaminergic neuron yield. We reveal changing mitochondrial phenotypes as neurons undergo a metabolic switch during differentiation. Fibroblasts from 4 controls and 4 PRKN mutant patients were transformed into induced neuronal progenitor cells and subsequently differentiated into dopaminergic neurons. Mitochondrial morphology, function and mitophagy were evaluated using live cell fluorescent imaging, cellular ATP and reactive oxygen species production quantification. Direct conversion of control and PRKN mutant patient fibroblasts results in induced neuronal progenitor and their differentiation yields high percentage of dopaminergic neurons. We were able to observe changing mitochondrial phenotypes as neurons undergo a metabolic switch during differentiation. Our results show that when pre-neurons are glycolytic early in differentiation mitophagy is unimpaired by PRKN deficiency. However as neurons become oxidative phosphorylation dependent, mitophagy is severely impaired in the PRKN mutant patient neurons. These changes correlate with changes in mitochondrial function and morphology; resulting in lower neuron yield and altered neuronal morphology. Induced neuronal progenitor cell conversion can produce a high yield of dopaminergic neurons. The mitochondrial phenotype, including mitophagy status, is highly dependent on the metabolic status of the cell. Only when neurons are oxidative phosphorylation reliant the extent of mitochondrial abnormalities are identified. These data provide insight into cell specific effects of PRKN mutations, in particular in relation to mitophagy dependent disease phenotypes and provide avenues for alternative therapeutic approaches.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) pandemic poses new challenges to the healthcare system to provide support for thousands of patients, there is special concern about common medical emergencies, such as stroke, that will continue to occur and will require adequate treatment. The allocation of both material and human resources to fight the pandemic cannot overshadow the care for acute stroke, a time-sensitive emergency that with an inefficient treatment will further increase mortality and long-term disability. Objective: This paper summarizes the recommendations from the Scientific Department on Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, the Brazilian Society of Cerebrovascular Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Neuroradiology for management of acute stroke and urgent neuro-interventional procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic, including proper use of screening tools, personal protective equipment (for patients and health professionals), and patient allocation.

Este estudo investigou a relação entre coparentalidade, envolvimento parental e práticas parentais no contexto de pais e mães de famílias binucleares com crianças de três a seis anos. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados quantitativo e transversal com 45 participantes (24 mães e 21 pais). Foram constatados baixos escores na coparentalidade de pais e mães, principalmente nas dimensões acordo coparental, suporte e divisão do trabalho. Tanto pais quanto mães apresentaram bons níveis de envolvimento parental. Além disso, nem os baixos escores da coparentalidade e nem a alta sabotagem referida pelos pais influenciou o envolvimento paterno global. Baixos escores na divisão do trabalho da coparentalidade associaram-se ao maior envolvimento materno e ao exercício de práticas parentais negativas, tanto por parte de mães quanto de pais. Tais achados reforçam a necessidade de práticas de intervenção voltadas às famílias binucleares brasileiras, a fim de ajudá-las a promover relações saudáveis para a criança e para a família como um todo.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of neck circumference to identify excess android fat and to propose cutoff points for Brazilian children. Method: This was a cross‐sectional study with 376 children aged 8 and 9 years enrolled in public and private schools in the urban area of the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. A semi‐structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic and lifestyle information was applied. The following were collected: neck circumference, weight, and height for the calculation of body mass index. The percentage of fat in the android region was determined by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between neck circumference and android fat, adopting a significance level of 5%. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the capacity of neck circumference to determine the excess android fat, as well as to estimate the cutoff points of neck circumference according to gender. Results: Multiple linear regression showed an association between neck circumference and android fat (β: 2.94, 95% CI: 2.41, 3.47). Neck circumference was able to identify excess android fat in girls (AUC: 0.909, 95% CI: 0.999, 0.945) and boys (AUC: 0.938, 95% CI: 0.892, 0.968). The proposed cutoff points showed satisfactory sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Conclusions: Neck circumference is capable of identifying excess android fat in children and can be used in clinical practice and in population studies to determine central adiposity. The proposed cutoff points were satisfactory, but should be validated for other populations. Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade do perímetro do pescoço em identificar o excesso de gordura androide e propor pontos de corte para crianças brasileiras. Método: Estudo transversal com 376 crianças de oito e nove anos, matriculadas em escolas públicas e privadas da área urbana de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado com informações sociodemográficas e de estilo de vida. Foram coletados: perímetro do pescoço, peso e estatura para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal. O percentual de gordura na região androide foi determinado pela absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia. A análise de regressão linear foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre o perímetro do pescoço e a gordura androide, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Por meio das curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic avaliou‐se a capacidade do perímetro do pescoço de determinar o excesso de gordura androide, bem como estimaram‐se os pontos de corte de perímetro do pescoço segundo o sexo. Resultados: A regressão linear múltipla demonstrou associação entre o perímetro do pescoço e a gordura androide (β: 2,94; IC95%: 2,41; 3,47). O perímetro do pescoço foi capaz de identificar o excesso de gordura androide em meninas (AUC: 0,909; IC95%: 0,859; 0,945) e meninos (AUC: 0,938; IC95%: 0,892; 0,968). Os pontos de corte propostos tiveram valores de sensibilidade, especificidade e preditivos satisfatórios. Conclusões: O perímetro do pescoço é uma medida capaz de identificar o excesso de gordura androide em crianças, pode ser usado na prática clínica e em estudos populacionais para determinar a adiposidade central. Os pontos de corte propostos foram satisfatórios, entretanto devem ser validados para outras populações.

Abstract During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, governments adopted measures to contain the disease, whose adherence is determined by multiple factors. In order to guide more effective prevention strategies, the present study aimed to identify predictors of adherence behavior to the COVID-19 pandemic control guidelines. A survey was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample composed of 2,705 Brazilians, who answered an instrument with six questionnaires (adherence to the pandemic control measures, emotions, empathy, altruism, coping, and biodemographic), whose data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. It was found that the agreement with the guidelines of the World Health Organization for pandemic control, disagreement with the position of the country’s president, altruism, coping capacity, belonging to the risk group, and having close contact (at home) with people from the risk group are predictors of adherence behavior. It is concluded that preventive actions must consider these variables for greater effectiveness.

The COVID-19 virus infection caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, in March 2020. Until the end of 2021, 504,399 COVID-19 cases were confirmed in RJ, and the total death toll reached 68,347. The Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI-Fiocruz) is a referral center for treatment and research of several infectious diseases, including COVID-19 and Chagas disease (CD). The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on in-hospital mortality of patients with CD during the COVID-19 pandemic period. This observational, retrospective, longitudinal study evaluated all patients with CD hospitalized at INI-Fiocruz from May 1, 2020, to November 30, 2021. One hundred ten hospitalizations from 81 patients with CD (58% women; 68 ± 11 years) were evaluated. Death was the study's main outcome, which occurred in 20 cases. The mixed-effects logistic regression was performed with the following variables to test whether patients admitted to the hospital with a COVID-19 diagnosis would be more likely to die than those admitted with other diagnoses: admission diagnosis, sex, age, COVID-19 vaccination status, CD clinical classification, and the number of comorbidities. Results from multiple logistic regression analysis showed a higher risk of in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (OR 6.37; 95% CI 1.78–22.86) compared to other causes of admissions. In conclusion, COVID-19 infection had a significant impact on the mortality risk of INI-Fiocruz CD patients, accounting for one-third of deaths overall. COVID-19 presented the highest percentage of death significantly higher than those admitted due to other causes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objetivo: Descrever os cuidados de enfermagem aplicados a um paciente com lesão venosa em membros inferiores na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso, que apresenta o acompanhamento de um paciente, sexo masculino, atendido em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde organizada no modelo de Estratégia Saúde da Família, pertencente a um município de Minas Gerais, no período de junho a dezembro de 2020. Resultados: Considerando as condições de saúde apresentadas pelo paciente na primeira consulta de enfermagem, foi traçado um plano de cuidado assistencial sistematizado, visando atender as necessidades de saúde reportadas, com foco nas mudanças de estilo de vida, protagonismo e autonomia do paciente, que positivamente ao longo de toda assistência, permitiu reduzir as complicações vasculares e consequentemente evoluir para a cicatrização das lesões ao longo do acompanhamento. Considerações finais: A abordagem do paciente com úlcera varicosa na Atenção Primária à Saúde, deve ser para além da realização do curativo. A cicatrização das lesões e a prevenção de recidivas está relacionada a oferta de uma assistência de enfermagem integral e holística, com coordenação do cuidado e participação de toda a equipe multidisciplinar.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented need for epidemiological monitoring using diverse strategies. We conducted a project combining prevalence, seroprevalence, and genomic surveillance approaches to describe the initial pandemic stages in Betim City, Brazil. We collected 3239 subjects in a population-based age-, sex- and neighborhood-stratified, household, prospective; cross-sectional study divided into three surveys 21 days apart sampling the same geographical area. In the first survey, overall prevalence (participants positive in serological or molecular tests) reached 0.46% (90% CI 0.12–0.80%), followed by 2.69% (90% CI 1.88–3.49%) in the second survey and 6.67% (90% CI 5.42–7.92%) in the third. The underreporting reached 11, 19.6, and 20.4 times in each survey. We observed increased odds to test positive in females compared to males (OR 1.88 95% CI 1.25–2.82), while the single best predictor for positivity was ageusia/anosmia (OR 8.12, 95% CI 4.72–13.98). Thirty-five SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced, of which 18 were classified as lineage B.1.1.28, while 17 were B.1.1.33. Multiple independent viral introductions were observed. Integration of multiple epidemiological strategies was able to adequately describe COVID-19 dispersion in the city. Presented results have helped local government authorities to guide pandemic management.

Population surveillance in COVID-19 Pandemic is crucial to follow up the pace of disease and its related immunological status. Here we present a cross-sectional study done in Maricá, a seaside town close to the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three rounds of study sampling, enrolling a total of 1134 subjects, were performed during May to August 2021. Here we show that the number of individuals carrying detectable IgG antibodies and the neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels were greater in vaccinated groups compared to unvaccinated ones, highlighting the importance of vaccination to attain noticeable levels of populational immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we found a decreased incidence of COVID-19 throughout the study, clearly correlated with the level of vaccinated individuals as well as the proportion of individuals with detectable levels of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 and NAb. The observed drop occurred even during the introduction of the Delta variant in Maricá, what suggests that the vaccination slowed down the widespread transmission of this variant. Overall, our data clearly support the use of vaccines to drop the incidence associated to SARS-CoV-2.

OBJECTIVES: To prospectively evaluate demographic, anthropometric and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) METHODS: This was a longitudinal observational study of surviving pediatric post-COVID-19 patients (n=53) and pediatric subjects without laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 included as controls (n=52) was performed. RESULTS: The median duration between COVID-19 diagnosis (n=53) and follow-up was 4.4 months (0.8-10.7). Twenty-three of 53 (43%) patients reported at least one persistent symptom at the longitudinal follow-up visit and 12/53 (23%) had long COVID-19, with at least one symptom lasting for >12 weeks. The most frequently reported symptoms at the longitudinal follow-up visit were headache (19%), severe recurrent headache (9%), tiredness (9%), dyspnea (8%), and concentration difficulty (4%). At the longitudinal follow-up visit, the frequencies of anemia (11% versus 0%, p=0.030), lymphopenia (42% versus 18%, p=0.020), C-reactive protein level of >30 mg/L (35% versus 0%, p=0.0001), and D-dimer level of >1000 ng/mL (43% versus 6%, p=0.0004) significantly reduced compared with baseline values. Chest X-ray abnormalities (11% versus 2%, p=0.178) and cardiac alterations on echocardiogram (33% versus 22%, p=0.462) were similar at both visits. Comparison of characteristic data between patients with COVID-19 at the longitudinal follow-up visit and controls showed similar age (p=0.962), proportion of male sex (p=0.907), ethnicity (p=0.566), family minimum monthly wage (p=0.664), body mass index (p=0.601), and pediatric pre-existing chronic conditions (p=1.000). The Pediatric Quality of Live Inventory 4.0 scores, median physical score (69 [0-100] versus 81 [34-100], p=0.012), and school score (60 [15-100] versus 70 [15-95], p=0.028) were significantly lower in pediatric patients with COVID-19 at the longitudinal follow-up visit than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with COVID-19 showed a longitudinal impact on HRQoL parameters, particularly in physical/school domains, reinforcing the need for a prospective multidisciplinary approach for these patients. These data highlight the importance of closer monitoring of children and adolescents by the clinical team after COVID-19.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é buscar compreender os processos de aquisição/aprendizagem de uma criança que desde 1 ano e 3 meses de idade faz aulas particulares de inglês em uma escola de idiomas. O caso estudado se distingue dos contextos das escolas bilíngues e das escolas de idiomas, entre outros fatores, pelo fato de a interação entre criança-professora ocorrer sempre em inglês, de ser apenas uma criança na sala de aula e de haver uma proposta de interação mais próxima da criança, com atividades lúdicas etc. A partir da perspectiva dialógico-discursiva (BAKHTIN/VOLOSHINOV, 1995; DEL RÉ, DE PAULA, MENDONÇA, 2014) e, ainda, considerando os gêneros do discurso em diálogo com a noção de formatos (BRUNER, 1975, entre outros) e a multimodalidade (CAVALCANTE, 2015, 2019), observamos os elementos presentes na interação e na constituição desse sujeito entrando na segunda língua. A transcrição dos dados foi feita a partir das normas CHAT/CLAN, fornecido gratuitamente pela base de dados CHILDES (MACWINNEY, 2000), e foram analisados dados entre 2;10 e 3;7 anos. Os resultados mostram elementos presentes nessa interação que servem de apoio para que o processo de aquisição/aprendizagem da segunda língua aconteça. Os gêneros e os formatos alicerçam a entrada na L2, assim como a afetividade, proximidade entre a criança e a professora, a liberdade de escolha, entre outros, promovendo uma interação muito próxima daquela da esfera familiar. Além disso, os elementos multimodais ancoram essa interação, possibilitando que G. tenha uma atitude responsiva desde o início das interações nesse ambiente escolar.

Diante do novo contexto sociotécnico em que algoritmos e dados configuram novas formas de controle social, a pesquisa propõe-se a investigar o modo como sistemas informáticos em rede têm servido como método multifacetado de categorização e classificação social. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a temática dos algoritmos em bancos de imagens digitais, buscando compreender de que maneira tais tecnologias produzem resultados racistas. A metodologia de pesquisa empregada consiste basicamente na análise dos resultados oferecidos pelos bancos de imagens escolhidos (Getty Images, Shutterstock e Stockphotos) para a busca por uma palavra-chave genérica (family), no intuito de observar o modo como os resultados são racializados pelos algoritmos de busca. Os resultados indicam que o conteúdo oferecido pelos bancos de imagens costuma ser racializados, privilegiando a representação da branquitude como lugar de centralidade que reduz a multiplicidade de subjetividades e existências, traduzindo-se como significante universal. Assim, em termos exploratórios, é possível afirmar que os processos e rotinas produtivas mediadas por algoritmos cumprem, em larga medida, um papel fundamental na produção de resultados racistas nos bancos de imagens analisados.

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a potentially lethal, zoonotic, blood-borne flavivirus transmitted to humans and non-human primates by mosquitoes. Owing to multiple deadly epidemics, the WHO classifies YFV as a “high impact, high threat disease” with resurgent epidemic potential. At present, there are no approved antiviral therapies to combat YFV infection. Herein we report on 2′-halogen-modified nucleoside analogs as potential anti-YFV agents. Of 11 compounds evaluated, three showed great promise with low toxicity, high intracellular metabolism into the active nucleoside triphosphate form, and sub-micromolar anti-YFV activity. Notably, we investigated a 2′-fluoro,2′-bromouridine phosphate prodrug (C9), a known anti-HCV agent with good stability in human blood and favorable metabolism. Predictive modeling revealed that C9 could readily bind the active site of the YFV RdRp, conferring its anti-YFV activity. C9 displayed potent anti-YFV activity in primary human macrophages, 3D hepatocyte spheroids, and in mice. In an A129 murine model, shortly after infection, C9 significantly reduced YFV replication and protected against YFV-induced liver inflammation and pathology with no adverse effects. Collectively, this work identifies a potent new anti-YFV agent with strong therapeutic promise.