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1. Bombali Ebolavirus in Mops condylurus Bats (Molossidae), Mozambique

Author: Lebarbenchon, Camille, Goodman, Steven, Hoarau, Axel, Le Minter, Gildas, dos Santos, Andréa, Schoeman, M, Léculier, Christophe, Raoul, Hervé, Gudo, Eduardo, Mavingui, Patrick, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Eduardo Mondlane University, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Laboratoire P4 - Jean Mérieux, Centre Européen de Virologie/Immunologie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institute of Health Mozambique, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], and Molecular analyses were financially supported by the UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (University of Reunion, CNRS 9192, Inserm 1187, IRD 249)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Chiroptera, Animals, Guinea, Ebolavirus, Kenya, Mozambique
Abstract: International audience; We detected Bombali ebolavirus RNA in 3 free-tailed bats (Mops condylurus, Molossidae) in Mozambique. Sequencing of the large protein gene revealed 98% identity with viruses previously detected in Sierra Leone, Kenya, and Guinea. Our findings further support the suspected role of Mops condylurus bats in maintaining Bombali ebolavirus.
Published: 2022
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2. Late prehistoric inter-regional exchange networks dating project

Author: Bellina, Bérénice, Delqué-Količ, Emmanuelle, Aude, Favereau, Castillo, Cristina, Dussubieux, Laure, Technologie et Ethnologie des Mondes Préhistoriques (TEMPS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), UCL - Institute of Archaeology, University College of London [London] (UCL), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], and Indo-Pacifique Prehistory Association
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics]
Abstract: International audience; The inception of inter-regional exchange networks spans the last centuries BC. This period is marked by political and economic complexity with the emergence of early states, characterized by industries with distant regional feeding and distribution networks. Increasing exchange led to important social change among the many different groups involved. However, most evidence of exchange is still anchored by very broad chronological ranges. There is an overall dearth of radiometric dates in South Asia. In Southeast Asia, due to the work by C. F. Higham and T. Higham, a large number of radiometric dates have provided a firm anchoring for important cultural change. Nevertheless, only a relatively few radiocarbon dates are available for the early Metal Age period. In addition, the Hallstatt Plateau hampers calibration in the 800 BC to 0 AD interval. To try to overcome what is still a lacking temporality, a multi-proxi dating project was initiated by the French Archaeological Mission in Peninsular Thailand-Myanmar (FAMPTM) with the LMC14 department and E. Delque-Kolic. The FAMPTM has obtained 70 radiocarbon dates and more were produced at LMC14 based on selected charcoal from archaeobotany and rice tempered ceramic sherds. The objective is to start building a robust chronological framework to anchor regional networks and the cultural change it entailed across the region. We propose to bypass some of the limitations posed by the vagaries of the Hallstatt Plateau by using Bayesian statistics, combining a significant number of absolute chronological data with relative dating data to further constrain the model. Results presented in this panel dedicated to C.F. Higham, who has been key for establishing a chronologically well-anchored regional archaeology, are still preliminary. It is expected that the longer term project will contribute to a more reliable and precise chronology for the major cross-cultural exchange that have shaped many past social groups in Asia.
Published: 2022

3. A New Cryptic Lineage in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) with Pharmacological Properties

Author: Elisa Garrido-Huéscar, Elena González-Burgos, Paul M. Kirika, Joël Boustie, Solenn Ferron, M. Pilar Gómez-Serranillos, Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, Pradeep K. Divakar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), National Museums of Kenya, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], and This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, grant number PID2019-105312GB-I00 and was supported by The Grainger Bioinformatics Center at the Field Museum (Chicago) and Foundation Langlois for Rennes University.
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), species delimitation, Africa, antioxidant activity, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Plant Science, biodiversity, chemical profiling, cytotoxic activity, lichenized fungi, molecular phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; We used molecular data to address species delimitation in a species complex of the parmelioid genus Canoparmelia and compare the pharmacological properties of the two clades identified. We used HPLC_DAD_MS chromatography to identify and quantify the secondary substances and used a concatenated data set of three ribosomal markers to infer phylogenetic relationships. Some historical herbarium specimens were also examined. We found two groups that showed distinct pharmacological properties. The phylogenetic study supported the separation of these two groups as distinct lineages, which are here accepted as distinct species: Canoparmelia caroliniana occurring in temperate to tropical ecosystems of a variety of worldwide localities, including America, Macaronesia, south-west Europe and potentially East Africa, whereas the Kenyan populations represent the second group, for which we propose the new species C. kakamegaensis Garrido-Huéscar, Divakar and Kirika. This study highlights the importance of recognizing cryptic species using molecular data, since it can result in detecting lineages with pharmacological properties previously overlooked.
Published: 2022
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4. Local Superimpositions Facilitate Morphometric Analysis of Complex Articulating Structures

Author: Kenneth D. Angielczyk, Daniel Rhoda, Olivier Larouche, Kory M. Evans, Marion Segall, University of Chicago, American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Rice University [Houston], and Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Structure (mathematical logic), 0303 health sciences, Landmark, Computer science, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Skull, Pattern recognition, Plant Science, Invited Paper, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Modularity, 03 medical and health sciences, Variation (linguistics), Morphometric analysis, Morphological integration, Superimposition, AcademicSubjects/SCI00960, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Artificial intelligence, business, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Synopsis Articulating structures, such as the vertebrate skeleton or the segmented arthropod exoskeleton, comprise a majority of the morphological diversity across the eukaryotic tree of life. Quantifying the form of articulating structures is therefore imperative for a fuller understanding of the factors influencing biological form. A wealth of freely available 3D data capturing this morphological diversity is stored in online repositories such as Morphosource, but the geometric morphometric analysis of an articulating structure is impeded by arbitrary differences in the resting positions of its individual articulating elements. In complex articulating structures, where the angles between articulating elements cannot be standardized, landmarks on articulating elements must be Procrustes superimposed independently (locally) and then recombined to quantify variation in the entire articulating structure simultaneously. Here, we discuss recent advances in local superimposition techniques, namely the “matched local superimpositions” approach, which incorporates anatomically accurate relative sizes, positions, and orientations of locally-superimposed landmarks, enabling clearer biological interpretation. We also use simulations to evaluate the consequences of choice of superimposition approach. Our results show that local superimpositions will isolate shape variation within locally-superimposed landmark subsets by sacrificing size and positional variation. They may also create morphometric “modules” when there are none by increasing integration within the locally-superimposed subsets; however, this effect is no greater than the spurious between-module integration created when superimposing landmark subsets (i.e., articulating elements) together. Taken together, our results show that local superimposition techniques differ from conventional Procrustes superimpositions in predictable ways. Finally, we use empirical datasets of the skulls of wrasses and colubriform snakes to highlight the promise of local superimpositions and their utility. Complex articulating structures must be studied, and the only current solution to do so is local superimpositions.
Published: 2021
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5. Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history

Author: Ben Krause-Kyora, Jørn Zeiler, Hiba Al-Jarah, Wijerathne Bohingamuwa, Becky Knight, Kinie Esser, Joan Ramon, Chris J. Conroy, Chris Hillman, Beate Böhlendorf-Arslan, Quintana Morales, Tarek Oueslati, Bouthéina Maraoui-Telmini, Jean-Denis Vigne, Nicole Boivin, Jude Perera, Silvia Radbauer, Ardern Hulme-Beaman, G. Adikari, Günther Karl Kunst, Heidi Eager, Sheila Hamilton-Dyer, Jeffrey Fleisher, Thomas Walker, Richard F. Helm, Thomas Cucchi, Terry O'Connor, Alison Crowther, Nimal Perera, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Camilla Speller, Jeremy B. Searle, Arturo Morales-Muñiz, Pavel Gol'din, Anna Linderholm, Nabil Kallala, Alexandra Trinks, Zsófia E. Kovács, He Yu, Johannes Krause, Louisa Gidney, E. V. Gladilina, Wim Van Neer, David Orton, Eréndira M., Alexandra Jamieson, Edward R. Treasure, Joan Sanmartí Grego, Mariana Nabais, Greger Larson, Hanna Kivikero, Inge van der Jagt, Eve Rannamäe, Keith Dobney, Stephanie Wynne-Jones, Henriette Baron, Steven M. Goodman, Kerstin Pasda, René Kyselý, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Yu, He, Jamieson, Alexandra, Hulme-Beaman, Ardern, Conroy, Chris J., Speller, Camilla, Baron, Henriette, Crowther, Alison, Cucchi, Thomas, Fleisher, Jeffrey, Gladilina, Elena, Gol’din, Pavel, Goodman, Steven M., Kunst, Günther Karl, Linderholm, Anna, Morales-Muñiz, Arturo, Nabais, Mariana, Oueslati, Tarek, Quintana Morales, Eréndira M., Rannamäe, Eve, Sanmartí Grego, Joan, Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia, Neer, Wim Van, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wynne-Jones, Stephanie, Dobney, Keith, Boivin, Nicole, Searle, Jeremy B., Krause-Kyora, Ben, Krause, Johannes, Larson, Greger, Orton, David, Yu, He [0000-0003-1323-4730], Jamieson, Alexandra [0000-0003-0979-5762], Hulme-Beaman, Ardern [0000-0001-8130-9648], Conroy, Chris J. [0000-0001-7198-9651], Speller, Camilla [0000-0001-7128-9903], Baron, Henriette [0000-0003-4338-3681], Crowther, Alison [0000-0002-2394-1917], Cucchi, Thomas [0000-0001-6021-5001], Fleisher, Jeffrey [0000-0002-6505-9666], Gladilina, Elena [0000-0002-5114-7526], Gol’din, Pavel [0000-0001-6118-1384], Goodman, Steven M. [0000-0001-9318-0570], Kunst, Günther Karl [0000-0002-2175-8641], Linderholm, Anna [0000-0002-1613-9926], Morales-Muñiz, Arturo [0000-0002-9933-6836], Nabais, Mariana [0000-0001-5344-237X], Oueslati, Tarek [0000-0002-2886-085X], Quintana Morales, Eréndira M. [0000-0001-5927-5058], Rannamäe, Eve [0000-0003-1186-5512], Sanmartí Grego, Joan [0000-0002-6635-9249], Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia [0000-0001-9886-0372], Neer, Wim Van [0000-0003-1710-3623], Vigne, Jean-Denis [0000-0002-7367-7552], Wynne-Jones, Stephanie [0000-0002-3005-8647], Dobney, Keith [0000-0001-9036-4681], Boivin, Nicole [0000-0002-7783-4199], Searle, Jeremy B. [0000-0001-7710-5204], Krause-Kyora, Ben [0000-0001-9435-2872], Krause, Johannes [0000-0001-9144-3920], Larson, Greger [0000-0002-4092-0392], Orton, David [0000-0003-4069-8004], Department of Cultures, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, 07745, Germany, School of Social Science, University of Queensland, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rent a Peasant, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), and Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Population genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 615 History and Archaeology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, Max planck institute, PLAGUE, DISPERSAL, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, humanities, Europe, Multidisciplinary Sciences, ALIGNMENT, Archaeology, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, language, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Christian ministry, Training program, YERSINIA-PESTIS, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, European black rats, Library science, DNA, Mitochondrial, 010603 evolutionary biology, Institutional support, SEQUENCE, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Middle East, 03 medical and health sciences, Population history, Classical archaeology, Political science, Animals, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Plague, National history, Science & Technology, COVID-19, Excavation, General Chemistry, FRAMEWORK, language.human_language, Rats, Coronavirus, MICE, INDIAN-OCEAN, PATTERNS, Catalan
Abstract: The distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population history of European black rats, we generated a de novo genome assembly of the black rat, 67 ancient black rat mitogenomes and 36 ancient nuclear genomes from sites spanning the 1st-17th centuries CE in Europe and North Africa. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA confirm that black rats were introduced into the Mediterranean and Europe from Southwest Asia. Genomic analyses of the ancient rats reveal a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, coincident with an archaeologically attested decline in the black rat population. The near disappearance and re-emergence of black rats in Europe may have been the result of the breakdown of the Roman Empire, the First Plague Pandemic, and/or post-Roman climatic cooling., We thank the wet laboratory teams at MPI-SHH, the PalaeoBARN at the University of Oxford and the University of York. We thank David K. James and Lucia Hui of the Alameda County Vector Control Services District for procuring the rat used for the de novo genome. We are grateful to Sarah Nagel at Max Planck Institute for the Evolutionary Anthropology for the single-stranded library preparation, and Dovetail Genomics for the de novo genome assembly service. We thank Maria Spyrou for her suggestions and comments. We acknowledge Ewan Chipping and Helena England (University of York), Carl Phillips, Veronica Lindholm (Ålands Museum), Christine McDonnell and Nienke van Doorn (York Archaeological Trust), Emile Mittendorf (Gemeente Deventer), Inge Riemersma (Archaeological depot, Provincie Zuid-Holland), the Turkish Ministry of Culture & Tourism, Jan Frolík and Iva Herichová (Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague), Franz Humer and Eduard Pollhammer (Archaeological Park Carnuntum), Dorottya B. Nyékhelyi and László Daróczi-Szabó (Budapest History Museum), Institut National du Patrimoine (Tunisia), University of Barcelona, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project HUM2006-03432/HIST), Spanish Ministry of Culture (program of archaeological excavations abroad 2009); Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for the Development (2009), Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology (ICAC), Vujadin Ivanisević, Nemanja Marković and Ivan Bugarski (Archaeological Institute 809 Belgrade), the Field Museum Chicago, the British National History Museum and the American Museum of Natural History for providing materials and support. G.L. and A.J. were supported by the ERC (grant ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD) and A.J. was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council Doctoral Training Program. D.O. was supported by Wellcome (Small Grant in Humanities and Social Science 209817/Z) and the British Academy / Leverhulme Trust (Small Research Grant SG170938). E.R. was supported by Estonian Research Council grant No PRG29. R.K. was supported by the Czech Academy of Sciences institutional support (RVO:67985912). S.V.-L. was supported by the ERC (grant ERC-StG- 716298 ZooMWest). H.E. was funded by an ERC grant (206148) through the Sealinks Project. A.H.B was funded by the Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2017-315). The de novo genome assembly, population genomics study, and radiocarbon dating were funded by the Max Planck Society.
Published: 2022
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6. The taxonomy of the model filamentous fungus Podospora anserina

Author: Ament-Velásquez, Sandra Lorena, Johannesson, Hanna, Giraud, Tatiana, Debuchy, Robert, Saupe, Sven J., Debets, Alfons J. M., Bastiaans, Eric, Malagnac, Fabienne, Grognet, Pierre, Peraza-Reyes, Leonardo, Gladieux, Pierre, Kruys, Åsa, Silar, Philippe, Huhndorf, Sabine M., Miller, Andrew N., Vogan, Aaron A., Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED (UMR_8236)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Urbana] (University of Illinois), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Swedish Research CouncilFormas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Biologisk systematik, Fungi, Sordariales, Biological Systematics, PE&RC, Laboratorium voor Erfelijkheidsleer, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, lcsh:QK1-989, phylogenetics, taxonomy, Ascomycota, Triangularia, Podospora, Lasiosphaeriaceae, lcsh:Botany, Sordariomycetes, Laboratory of Genetics, Triangularia anserina, phylogenetics Podospora Podosporaceae taxonomy, Podosporaceae, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology
Abstract: The filamentous fungus Podospora anserina has been used as a model organism for more than 100 years and has proved to be an invaluable resource in numerous areas of research. Throughout this period, P. anserina has been embroiled in a number of taxonomic controversies regarding the proper name under which it should be called. The most recent taxonomic treatment proposed to change the name of this important species to Triangularia anserina. The results of past name changes of this species indicate that the broader research community is unlikely to accept this change, which will lead to nomenclatural instability and confusion in literature. Here, we review the phylogeny of the species closely related to P. anserina and provide evidence that currently available marker information is insufficient to resolve the relationships amongst many of the lineages. We argue that it is not only premature to propose a new name for P. anserina based on current data, but also that every effort should be made to retain P. anserina as the current name to ensure stability and to minimise confusion in scientific literature. Therefore, we synonymise Triangularia with Podospora and suggest that either the type species of Podospora be moved to P. anserina from P. fimiseda or that all species within the Podosporaceae be placed in the genus Podospora.
Published: 2020
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7. Most diverse, most neglected: weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) are ubiquitous specialized brood-site pollinators of tropical flora

Author: Haran, Julien, Kergoat, Gael J., de Medeiros, Bruno, HARAN, Julien, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Département Santé des Plantes et Environnement (DPT SPE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], and This work was supported by recurring funding from CIRAD (Julien Haran) and INRAE (Gael J. Kergoat). Bruno de Medeiros was funded by a STRI postdoctoral fellowship while writing this manuscript.
Subjects: tropical rainforests, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Cantharophily, mutualism, nursery pollination, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, plant-insect interactions, entomophily
Abstract: Review manuscript submitted to PCI Ecology.; In tropical environments, and especially tropical rainforests, a major part of pollination services is provided by diverse insect lineages. Unbeknownst to most, beetles, and more specifically hyperdiverse weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), play a substantial role there as specialist mutualist brood pollinators. The latter contrasts with a common view where they are only regarded as plant antagonists. This study aims at giving a comprehensive understanding of what is known on plant-weevil brood-site mutualistic interactions, through a review of the known behavioral, morphological and physiological features found in these systems, and the identification of potential knowledge gaps to fill. To date, plant-weevil associations have been described or indicated in no less than 600 instances. Representatives of major plant lineages are involved in these interactions, which have emerged independently at least a dozen times. Strikingly, these mutualistic interactions are associated with a range of convergent traits in plants and weevils. Plants engaged in weevil-mediated pollination are generally of typical cantharophilous type exhibiting large, white and fragrant flowers or inflorescences and they also show specific structures to host the larval stages of their specialist pollinators. Another characteristic feature is that flowers often perform thermogenesis and exhibit a range of strategies to separate sexual phases, either spatially or temporally. Conversely, lineages of brood-site weevil pollinators present numerous shared behavioral and physiological traits, and often form multispecific assemblages of closely related species on a single host; recent studies also revealed that they generally display a high degree of phylogenetic niche conservatism. This pollination mutualism occurs in all tropical regions, and the contrasts between the known and expected diversity of these systems suggests that a wide range of interactions remain to be described globally. Our early estimates of the species richness of the corresponding weevil clades and the marked pattern of phylogenetic niche conservatism of host use further suggest that weevil-based pollination far exceeds the diversity of other brood-site mutualistic systems, which are generally restricted to one or a few groups of plants. As such, weevil pollinators constitute a relevant model to explore the emergence and evolution of specialized brood-site pollination systems in the tropics.
Published: 2022

8. Isotope analysis and its applications to the study of ancient indian glass

Author: Thomas Oliver Pryce, Laure Dussubieux, Christophe Cloquet, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alok Kumar Kanungo, Laure Dussubieux, ANR-16-CE27-0011,BROGLASEA,DU BRONZE ET DU VERRE COMME CATALYSEURS ET TRACEURS CULTURELS EN ASIE DU SUD-EST ANCIENNE(2016), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Strontium, Glass production, South asia, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 06 humanities and the arts, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Neodymium, Isotopic signature, chemistry, 0601 history and archaeology, Sri lanka, Uttar pradesh, business, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis
Abstract: International audience; The use of lead, strontium and neodymium isotope signatures in ancient glass is developing rapidly and allows the identification of the geological origin of the different raw materials entering the composition of the glass. This approach has been recently applied to glass manufactured in India to define the possible regions of production. Three glasses were investigated: the m-Na-Al 1, m-Na-Al 2 and m-Na-Al 3 glasses. The strontium and neodymium isotopic composition of the m-Na-Al 1 glass is supporting archaeological evidences suggesting that this glass was produced in Sri Lanka and in south-eastern India. In contrast, although it was assumed that the m-Na-Al 2 glass was produced in Maharashtra, the strontium and neodymium signature of this glass is incompatible with this hypothesis. Isotopic data and historical evidence are pointing instead towards an origin from Uttar Pradesh. The isotopic signatures of the m-Na-Al 2 and 3 glasses are fairly similar. The m-Na-Al 3 glass was discovered in Kopia, eastern Uttar Pradesh, where evidence suggests that glassmaking and glass working took place on-site. The raw material available around the site has an isotopic signature different from the glass showing that ingredients for glass production were brought from elsewhere or that the glass itself was imported to the site to be turned into finished objects. Lead isotope signatures were considered for glass samples containing lead-based or lead-containing colouring ingredients. They indicate two possible provenances for the lead: Thailand and north-western South Asia.
Published: 2021
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9. Southeast Asian Early Maritime Silk Road Trading Polities’ Hinterland and the Sea Nomads of the Isthmus of Kra

Author: Bellina, Bérénice, Favereau, Aude, Dussubieux, Laure, Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Bérénice Bellina, Roger Blench, and Jean-Christophe Galipaud
Subjects: southeast asian archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, maritime exchanges, sea nomads, cultural diversification, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, minorities, trading polities, economic specialisation
Abstract: International audience; When, how and why does cultural differentiation take place? Which environmental, social, demographic and economic factors are at play? These questions are perhaps even more pertinent when dealing with mobile or semi-sedentary and forager or semi-agriculturalist groups living on the margins of centralised polities. Anthropologists and archaeologists have long abandoned the evolutionist postulate that the social organisation of foragers (hunter-gatherers) represented a stage preceding state societies. On the contrary, they now often argue that foragers or nomadic groups form part of regional states’ political economies and that there are no states without those highly adaptive groups that academics often label ‘peripheral’, ‘marginal’ or ‘minorities’ (Possehl 2002; Ivanoff 2015). Forager or nomadic lifeways are viewed as complementary adaptations to those of complex societies. Groups were rarely truly isolated and their interdependent relationships mostly developed with different socially and economically-organised groups, in particular with traders (Morrison 2002) and/or with agriculturalists (Junker 2002; Junker and Smith 2017). In South and Southeast Asia, these symbiotic relationships would represent an adaptive strategy, allowing groups to thrive in a politically and economically changing world and in a diversified ecological environment (Morrison and Junker 2002). The environmental diversity that characterises Southeast Asia, as well as its physically fragmented nature in the case of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA), are important ecological constraints put on food production. These are interpreted as important factors that contributed to social diversity and interactions between different economically specialised groups, lowland rice farmers, upland swidden-farmers and forest foragers. There, as well as in southern India (Kerala in particular), the forest foragers’ role in collecting goods for trading states is an external factor often put forward to explain this adaptation (Dunn 1975; Headland et al. 1989).In Southeast Asia, the pressures lowland regional states exerted over neighbouring groups, such as ‘corvées’ (forced or required labour), war, slave raids and plunder, are often cited to explain groups’ voluntary marginalisation. Scott’s anarchist model pushed this logic further: the states’ repelling action was a core agent for various farming groups’ sociogenesis in the refuge zone of ‘Zomia’, a large mountainous zone spanning from northern South and Southeast Asia (Scott 2009). Several anthropologists have found this heuristic value of Scott’s libertarian framework useful to rethink ethnicity, relationships between nomadic and sedentary groups as well as those between states and minorities....
Published: 2021
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10. Best practices for the use of meteorite names in publications

Author: Heck, Philipp R., Herd, Christopher, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Badjukov, Dmitry, Bouvier, Audrey, Bullock, Emma, Chennaoui-Aoudjehane, Hasnaa, Debaille, Vinciane, Dunn, Tasha L., Ebel, Denton S., Ferriere, Ludovic, Garvie, Laurence, Gattacceca, Jerome, Gounelle, Matthieu, Herd, Richard, Ireland, Trevor, Jacquet, Emmanuel, Macke, Robert J., McCoy, Tim, McCubbin, Francis M., Mikouchi, Takashi, Metzler, Knut, Roskosz, Mathieu, Smith, Caroline, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Welzenbach-Fries, Linda, Yamaguchi, Akira, Zeigler, Ryan A., Zolensky, Michael, Yada, Toru, NASA Headquarters, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), American Museum of Natural History, American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian National University (ANU), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Meteorite Studies [Tempe], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], University of Chicago, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKHI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (Bayerisches Geoinstitut), Universität Bayreuth, Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Earth Sciences [Casablanca], Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock [Casablanca] (FSAC), Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC)-Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Laboratoire Géochimie, Traçage Isotopique, Minéral et élémentaire - G-Time (Bruxelles, Belgium), Colby College, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Retired, Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Specola Vaticana/Vatican Observatory, Department of Mineral Sciences [Washington], Smithsonian Institution, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de minéralogie du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (LMMNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo, and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Best practice, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Library science, Généralités, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sciences de la terre et du cosmos, Geophysics, Meteorite, Space and Planetary Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This document contains suggestions for best practices by authors who refer to meteorites in publications. It can also be taken as a guide for publishers in establishing guidelines for authors. The following best practices are recommended in addition to acknowledging the loaning institution or loaning individual (unless required otherwise). The main motivations are to: help ensure that research on meteorites is reproducible, prevent confusion in the literature, and enhance tracking of specimens and related data., SCOPUS: le.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019
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11. Co-Radiation of Leptospira and Tenrecidae (Afrotheria) on Madagascar

Author: Yann Gomard, Steven M. Goodman, Voahangy Soarimalala, Magali Turpin, Guenaëlle Lenclume, Marion Ah-Vane, Christopher D. Golden, Pablo Tortosa, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, General Immunology and Microbiology, Leptospira mayottensis, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Madagascar, Mayotte, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, leptospirosis, microbial endemism, tenrecids
Abstract: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira that are maintained in the kidney lumen of infected animals acting as reservoirs and contaminating the environment via infected urine. The investigation of leptospirosis through a One Health framework has been stimulated by notable genetic diversity of pathogenic Leptospira together with a high infection prevalence in certain animal reservoirs. Studies of Madagascar’s native mammal fauna have revealed a diversity of Leptospira with high levels of host-specificity. Native rodents, tenrecids, and bats shelter several distinct lineages and species of Leptospira, some of which have also been detected in acute human cases. Specifically, Leptospira mayottensis, first discovered in humans on Mayotte, an island neighboring Madagascar, was subsequently identified in a few species of Malagasy tenrecids, an endemic family of small mammals. Distinct L. mayottensis lineages were identified in shrew tenrecs ( Microgale cowani and Nesogale dobsoni) on Madagascar, and later in spiny tenrecs ( Tenrec ecaudatus) on Mayotte. These findings suggest that L. mayottensis (i) has co-radiated with tenrecids on Madagascar, and (ii) has recently emerged in human populations on Mayotte following the introduction of T. ecaudatus from Madagascar. Hitherto, L. mayottensis has not been detected in spiny tenrecs on Madagascar. In the present study, we broaden the investigation of Malagasy tenrecids and describe the presence of L. mayottensis in Malagasy T. ecaudatus and M. thomasi. These results confirm the hypothesis that L. mayottensis was introduced to Mayotte, presumably via T. ecaudatus, and provide additional data on the co-radiation of Leptospira and Tenrecidae.
Published: 2022
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12. RH: Triassic temnospondyls from Tanzania and Zambia

Author: Steyer, Jean-Sébastien, Peecook, Brandon, Arbez, Thomas, Nesbitt, Sterling, Tolan, Steve, Stocker, Michelle, Smith, Roger, Angielczyk, Kenneth, Sidor, Christian, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), and University of Washington [Seattle]
Subjects: Amphibia, Permo-Triassic extinction, extinction recovery, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Karoo System
Abstract: International audience; Temnospondyl specimens collected recently in the Middle-?Late Triassic of the Ruhuhu (Tanzania) and Luangwa (Zambia) rift basins are described and figured. They are attributed to cf. Cherninia megarhina (Chernin & Cosgriff, 1975), Mastodonsauroidea indet., Stereospondyli indet., and cf. Stereospondyli, as well as intercentra of small adult individual(s) which may belong to a new taxon. Although fragmentary, this new material allows taxonomic updates to the Triassic temnospondyl assemblages of Tanzania and Zambia and documents an interesting phylogenetic and ecological diversity. For example, among the Triassic mastodonsauroids of Zambia, Cherninia megarhina coexisted with Stanocephalosaurus pronus (Howie, 1970) in nonmarine environments. Similar to that of the South African Karoo Basin, these temnospondyl assemblages also illustrate the rapid recovery of the group after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction and contribute to a better understanding of the impact of this extinction on the tetrapod faunas of southern Pangea.
Published: 2021
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13. Diversity, distribution, and drivers of Polychromophilus infection in Malagasy bats

Author: Koussay Dellagi, Mbola Rakotondratsimba, Steven M. Goodman, Mercia Rasoanoro, Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia, Beza Ramasindrazana, Pablo Tortosa, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Faculté des Sciences - Université d'Antananarivo, Université d'Antananarivo, Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Université de Toliara, Division International, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), This research was financially supported by Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust grant to Association Vahatra and Institut Pasteur de Madagascar., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tortosa, Pablo
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Entomology, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Zoology, Eastern, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Plasmodium, Myotis goudoti, Host-Parasite Interactions, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Monophyly, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Chiroptera, Bats, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Prevalence, Madagascar, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, 14. Life underwater, MaxEnt, Clade, Protozoan Infections, Animal, Phylogeny, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, biology, Miniopterus, Research, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Haemosporida, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Polychromophilus, Parasitology, Scotophilus robustus, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Scotophilus
Abstract: Background Numerous studies have been undertaken to advance knowledge of apicomplexan parasites infecting vertebrates, including humans. Of these parasites, the genus Plasmodium has been most extensively studied because of the socio-economic and public health impacts of malaria. In non-human vertebrates, studies on malaria or malaria-like parasite groups have been conducted but information is far from complete. In Madagascar, recent studies on bat blood parasites indicate that three chiropteran families (Miniopteridae, Rhinonycteridae, and Vespertilionidae) are infected by the genus Polychromophilus with pronounced host specificity: Miniopterus spp. (Miniopteridae) harbour Polychromophilus melanipherus and Myotis goudoti (Vespertilionidae) is infected by Polychromophilus murinus. However, most of the individuals analysed in previous studies were sampled on the western and central portions of the island. The aims of this study are (1) to add new information on bat blood parasites in eastern Madagascar, and (2) to highlight biotic and abiotic variables driving prevalence across the island. Methods Fieldworks were undertaken from 2014 to 2016 in four sites in the eastern portion of Madagascar to capture bats and collect biological samples. Morphological and molecular techniques were used to identify the presence of haemosporidian parasites. Further, a MaxEnt modelling was undertaken using data from Polychromophilus melanipherus to identify variables influencing the presence of this parasite Results In total, 222 individual bats belonging to 17 species and seven families were analysed. Polychromophilus infections were identified in two families: Miniopteridae and Vespertilionidae. Molecular data showed that Polychromophilus spp. parasitizing Malagasy bats form a monophyletic group composed of three distinct clades displaying marked host specificity. In addition to P. melanipherus and P. murinus, hosted by Miniopterus spp. and Myotis goudoti, respectively, a novel Polychromophilus lineage was identified from a single individual of Scotophilus robustus. Based on the present study and the literature, different biotic and abiotic factors are shown to influence Polychromophilus infection in bats, which are correlated based on MaxEnt modelling. Conclusions The present study improves current knowledge on Polychromophilus blood parasites infecting Malagasy bats and confirms the existence of a novel Polychromophilus lineage in Scotophilus bats. Additional studies are needed to obtain additional material of this novel lineage to resolve its taxonomic relationship with known members of the genus. Further, the transmission mode of Polychromophilus in bats as well as its potential effect on bat populations should be investigated to complement the results provided by MaxEnt modelling and eventually provide a comprehensive picture of the biology of host-parasite interactions.
Published: 2021
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14. Evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) inferred from mitochondrial genomes

Author: Hassanin, Alexandre, Veron, Géraldine, Ropiquet, Anne, Jansen van Vuuren, Bettine, Lécu, Alexis, Goodman, Steven, Haider, Jibran, Nguyen, Trung Thanh, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Middlesex University [London], University of Johannesburg (UJ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA]
Subjects: Computer and Information Sciences, Forms of DNA, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Carnivora, Bioenergetics, Animal Phylogenetics, DNA, Mitochondrial, Biochemistry, Evolution, Molecular, Genetics, Animals, Evolutionary Systematics, Phylogeny, Energy-Producing Organelles, Taxonomy, Data Management, Mammals, Evolutionary Biology, Biology and life sciences, Eutheria, Fossils, Organisms, Genetic Variation, Correction, Eukaryota, Paleontology, Phylogenetic Analysis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Cell Biology, Biological Evolution, Mitochondrial DNA, Fossil Calibration, Mitochondria, Nucleic acids, Phylogenetics, Genome, Mitochondrial, Vertebrates, Amniotes, Earth Sciences, Medicine, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Paleogenetics, Zoology, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; The order Carnivora, which currently includes 296 species classified into 16 families, is distributed across all continents. The phylogeny and the timing of diversification of members of the order are still a matter of debate. Here, complete mitochondrial genomes were analysed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times among species of Carnivora. We assembled 51 new mitogenomes from 13 families, and aligned them with available mitogenomes by selecting only those showing more than 1% of nucleotide divergence and excluding those suspected to be of low-quality or from misidentified taxa. Our final alignment included 220 taxa representing 2,442 mitogenomes. Our analyses led to a robust resolution of suprafamilial and intrafamilial relationships. We identified 21 fossil calibration points to estimate a molecular timescale for carnivorans. According to our divergence time estimates, crown carnivorans appeared during or just after the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum; all major groups of Caniformia (Cynoidea/Arctoidea; Ursidae; Musteloidea/Pinnipedia) diverged from each other during the Eocene, while all major groups of Feliformia (Nandiniidae; Feloidea; Viverroidea) diversified more recently during the Oligocene, with a basal divergence of Nandinia at the Eocene/Oligocene transition; intrafamilial divergences occurred during the Miocene, except for the Procyonidae, as Potos separated from other genera during the Oligocene.
Published: 2021
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15. Tracking Animal Reservoirs of Pathogenic Leptospira: The Right Test for the Right Claim

Author: Koussay Dellagi, Patrick Mavingui, Pablo Tortosa, Yann Gomard, Steve Michael Goodman, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction Internationale de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], The sampling of Mormopterus acetabulosus on Mauritius was supported by a grant from European Research Development Fund (ERDF) 'Pathogènes associés à la Faune Sauvage Océan Indien' #31189. Original serological data presented in this paper were obtained under a grant from ERDF known as InterregV ECOSPIR 'Eco-épidemiologie des leptospires endémiques de l’Océan Indien: des bactéries à risque pour les populations humaines?' (number RE6875)., Tortosa, Pablo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Leptospira, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, Context (language use), Biology, Article, Microbiology, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Direct agglutination test, medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, One Health, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, animal reservoir, MAT, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Immunology and Microbiology, 030306 microbiology, Zoonosis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Gold standard (test), medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Leptospirosis, 3. Good health, Chronic infection, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract: Leptospirosis, caused by a pathogenic Leptospira bacteria, is the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide and in this context has been extensively investigated through a One Health framework. Diagnosis of human leptospirosis includes molecular and serological tools, with serological Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) still being considered as a gold standard. Mammals considered as biological reservoirs include species or populations that are able to maintain chronic infection and shed the bacteria via their urine in the environment. Leptospira bacteria are often investigated using the same diagnosis tool, serological MAT. However, MAT testing of putative animal reservoirs can lead to mis-interpretations as it can signal previous infection and not necessarily bring in robust information regarding the capacity of such sero-positive animals to maintain chronic infection. We use previously published data and present new results on introduced and endemic small mammals to show that MAT should not be used for the identification of reservoirs. By contrast, serological data are informative on the level of exposure of animals occupying a specific environment. Finally, we present a sequential methodology to investigate human leptospirosis in a One Health framework that associates molecular detection in humans and animals, together with MAT of human samples using Leptospira isolates obtained from reservoir animals occurring in the same environment.
Published: 2021
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16. Effects of land use, habitat characteristics, and small mammal community composition on Leptospira prevalence in northeast Madagascar

Author: James P Herrera, Natalie R Wickenkamp, Magali Turpin, Fiona Baudino, Pablo Tortosa, Steven M Goodman, Voahangy Soarimalala, Tamby Nasaina Ranaivoson, Charles L Nunn, Duke University [Durham], Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Université d'Antananarivo, Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tortosa, Pablo
Subjects: RC955-962, Forests, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical Locations, Flooding, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Zoonoses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Leptospira, Mammals, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Eukaryota, Plants, Terrestrial Environments, Bacterial Pathogens, Leptospira Interrogans, Experimental Organism Systems, Medical Microbiology, Vertebrates, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Pathogens, Research Article, Ecological Metrics, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Ecosystems, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Plant and Algal Models, Madagascar, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, Humans, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Leptospirosis, Grasses, Microbial Pathogens, Ecosystem, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Bacteria, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, fungi, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Species Diversity, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Amniotes, People and Places, Africa, Earth Sciences, Animal Studies, Rice, Hydrology, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Introduced Species, Zoology
Abstract: Human activities can increase or decrease risks of acquiring a zoonotic disease, notably by affecting the composition and abundance of hosts. This study investigated the links between land use and infectious disease risk in northeast Madagascar, where human subsistence activities and population growth are encroaching on native habitats and the associated biota. We collected new data on pathogenic Leptospira, which are bacteria maintained in small mammal reservoirs. Transmission can occur through close contact, but most frequently through indirect contact with water contaminated by the urine of infected hosts. The probability of infection and prevalence was compared across a gradient of natural moist evergreen forest, nearby forest fragments, flooded rice and other types of agricultural fields, and in homes in a rural village. Using these data, we tested specific hypotheses for how land use alters ecological communities and influences disease transmission. The relative abundance and proportion of exotic species was highest in the anthropogenic habitats, while the relative abundance of native species was highest in the forested habitats. Prevalence of Leptospira was significantly higher in introduced compared to endemic species. Lastly, the probability of infection with Leptospira was highest in introduced small mammal species, and lower in forest fragments compared to other habitat types. Our results highlight how human land use affects the small mammal community composition and in turn disease dynamics. Introduced species likely transmit Leptospira to native species where they co-occur, and may displace the Leptospira species naturally occurring in Madagascar. The frequent spatial overlap of people and introduced species likely also has consequences for public health., Author summary Many neglected tropical diseases have reservoirs in wildlife. The effects of human activities on wildlife include changes in species abundance, community composition, and the transmission dynamics of parasites. Introduced species, especially black rats (Rattus rattus) are known to transmit zoonotic diseases among wildlife species and people. Leptospira, a water-borne bacterium that infects wildlife and people, is an important pathogen in the tropics, and in Madagascar, multiple strains and hosts have been identified. We tested how land use gradients in a forest-frontier agricultural system affect the composition of small mammal communities, and in turn the prevalence of Leptospira. We investigated 11 species of small mammals, including native rodents and tenrecs, as well as introduced rodents and shrews, in old growth forest, forest fragments, agricultural fields, and in a village. Leptospira prevalence and infection risk were highest in introduced species compared to native species and lower in forest fragments. The results highlight how the introduction of non-native species affects the variation in disease prevalence in small mammals, with potential consequences for spill-over to people.
Published: 2020
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17. Bat coronavirus phylogeography in the Western Indian Ocean

Author: Yann Gomard, Steven M. Goodman, Léa Joffrin, Camille Lebarbenchon, Eduardo Samo Gudo, Patrick Mavingui, Rajendraprasad Sookhareea, Pablo Tortosa, Erwan Lagadec, David A. Wilkinson, M. Corrie Schoeman, Andréa Dos Santos, Beza Ramasindrazana, Simon Julienne, Gildas Le Minter, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Schlumberger-Doll Research, Schlumberger, European Southern Observatory (ESO), Eduardo Mondlane University, Instituto nacional de saude [Lisbon, Portugal], Tortosa, Pablo, Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), National Parks and Conservation Service, Partenaires INRAE, Ministry of health of Seychelles, and Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS)
Subjects: Pollination, lcsh:Medicine, Ecosystem services, Chiroptera, Zoonoses, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Prevalence, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Phylogenetic tree, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Alphacoronavirus, Phylogeography, Key (lock), Coronavirus Infections, animal structures, Seed dispersal, Zoology, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Host Specificity, Article, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Viral reservoirs, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Indian Ocean Islands, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Viral evolution, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), lcsh:R, Genetic Variation, 15. Life on land, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Biodiversity hotspot, DNA, Viral, lcsh:Q, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Abstract: Bats provide key ecosystem services such as crop pest regulation, pollination, seed dispersal, and soil fertilization. Bats are also major hosts for biological agents responsible for zoonoses, such as coronaviruses (CoVs). The islands of the Western Indian Ocean are identified as a major biodiversity hotspot, with more than 50 bat species. In this study, we tested 1,013 bats belonging to 36 species from Mozambique, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion Island and Seychelles, based on molecular screening and partial sequencing of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. In total, 88 bats (8.7%) tested positive for coronaviruses, with higher prevalence in Mozambican bats (20.5% ± 4.9%) as compared to those sampled on islands (4.5% ± 1.5%). Phylogenetic analyses revealed a large diversity of α- and β-CoVs and a strong signal of co-evolution between CoVs and their bat host species, with limited evidence for host-switching, except for bat species sharing day roost sites.ImportanceThis is the first study to report the presence of coronaviruses (CoVs) in bats in Mayotte, Mozambique and Reunion Island, and in insectivorous bats in Madagascar. Eight percent of the tested bats were positive for CoVs, with higher prevalence in continental Africa than on islands. A high genetic diversity of α- and β-CoVs was found, with strong association between bat host and virus phylogenies, supporting a long history of co-evolution between bats and their associated CoVs in the Western Indian Ocean. These results highlight that strong variation between islands does exist and is associated with the composition of the bat species community on each island. Future studies should investigate whether CoVs detected in these bats have a potential for spillover in other hosts.
Published: 2020
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18. Identifying gaps in the photographic record of the vascular plant flora of the Americas

Author: James S. Miller, C. E. Timothy Paine, Everton Hilo de Souza, Melissa Tulig, Fabiana Luiza Ranzato Filardi, Pierre Bonnet, Jurriaan M. de Vos, James C. Solomon, Juliana Philipp, Corine Vriesendorp, Robert Turner, Katya Romoleroux, Rubens Texeira de Queiroz, Kevin C. Nixon, Eduardo Luís Hettwer Giehl, Edward Gilbert, Christian A. Zanotti, Fernando O. Zuloaga, Geraldo Zimbrão, Jason H. Best, Barbara M. Thiers, Carmen Ulloa Ulloa, Mathias W. Tobler, Sinem Perk, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Manuel J. Belgrano, Abigail Derby Lewis, Rafaela Campostrini Forzza, Alexis Joly, Tomomi Suwa, John P. Janovec, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Missouri Botanical Garden, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Cornell University [New York], New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Instituto de Botánica Darwinion [Buenos Aires] (IBODA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), University of Basel (Unibas), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), University of New England (UNE), Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Flora, Databases, Factual, Collection botanique, Biodiversity, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Photography, 0303 health sciences, biology, Geography, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Environmental resource management, Flore, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Plants, Botanique, Centralized database, Work (electrical), Plant species, Research management, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Biodiversité, Banque de données, Vascular plant, photographies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Photographic record, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Natural variation in plants, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Americas, business
Abstract: Field photographs of plant species are crucial for research and conservation, but the lack of a centralized database makes them difficult to locate. We surveyed 25 online databases of field photographs and found that they harboured only about 53% of the approximately 125,000 vascular plant species of the Americas. These results reflect the urgent need for a centralized database that can both integrate and complete the photographic record of the world’s flora. Field photographs are essential for research and conservation, but are difficult to access since there is no central database or connection between archives. The 25 leading databases hold only 53% of the plant species of the Americas, illustrating the need for increased work on collecting and standardizing this valuable data.
Published: 2020
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19. Widespread poly-metamorphosed Archean granitoid gneisses and supracrustal enclaves of the southern Inukjuak Domain, Québec (Canada)

Author: Jennika Greer, Wouter Bleeker, Guillaume Caro, Nigel M. Kelly, Nicole L. Cates, Peter Tropper, Stephen J. Mojzsis, Department of Geological Sciences [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Geophysical Sciences [Chicago], University of Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], and Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)
Subjects: Archean, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Schist, supracrustal belt, geochronology, Inukjuak, Geology, Fold (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleoarchean, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochronology, metamorphic petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon, Terrane, Gneiss, granitoid gneisses
Abstract: International audience; The ~12,000 km2 Inukjuak Domain in northern 79 Québec is part of the Archean Minto Block in the northwestern Superior Province of Canada. Eoarchean (ca. >3800-3780 Ma) rocks of the Nuvvuagittuq supracrustal belt (NSB) are the best known occurrence of otherwise abundant
Published: 2020
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20. Insight into the Identity and Origin of Scotophilus borbonicus (E. Geoffroy, 1803)

Author: Steven M. Goodman, Pablo Tortosa, Stephen Fratpietro, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Lakehead University, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Scotophilus borbonicus, media_common.quotation_subject, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nomen dubium, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Genus, Sensu stricto, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Genealogy, Indian ocean, Taxon, Geography, Identity (philosophy), Animal Science and Zoology, Scotophilus
Abstract: The species delimitations species of Scotophilus from the of Afro-Malagasy Region remain unresolved. One of the most problematic named taxa is S. borbonicus, which was described based on specimens reputed to be from La Reunion Island, western Indian Ocean. Only one of two specimens mentioned in the description of S. borbonicus sensu stricto has been located in a museum collection and after considerable recent fieldwork on La Reunion, no Scotophilus has been captured. Given that the name borbonicus has priority over other named small Afro-Malagasy forms, this has led to considerable taxonomic ambiguity. We report here on a short mitochondrial sequence from the lectotype of S. borbonicus, which is nested within individuals of S. trujilloi captured in Kenya and Tanzania. These results are best interpreted as the lectotype of S. borbonicus was not obtained on La Reunion but along the eastern coast of Africa. We propose that the best means to resolve potential taxonomic problems, particularly concerning future research on small Afro-Malagasy members of the genus, is to consider the name S. borbonicus a nomen dubium. If indeed individuals of this genus are captured on La Reunion in the future and molecular data obtained, the species in question may be new to science and in need of formal description.
Published: 2020
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21. Endothiodon (Therapsida, Anomodontia) specimens from the middle/late permian of the Metangula Graben (Niassa Province, Mozambique) increase complexity to the taxonomy of the genus

Author: S. Zunguza, I.E.M. Maharaj, J. Mugabe, Kenneth D. Angielczyk, Zanildo Macungo, Ricardo Araújo, N. Nhamutole, I. Loide, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of Cape Town, Eduardo Mondlane University, and Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA]
Subjects: Cranial morphology, Autapomorphy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Permian, Postcrania, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Graben, Paleontology, Endothiodon, Genus, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Taxonomy (biology), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Endothiodon is amongst the most cosmopolitan, easily identified and bizarre genera from the middle/late Permian. Its complex and unique feeding system with continuous replacement waves of teeth and its cranial morphology make it stand out among dicynodonts. Our increased sample of Endothiodon specimens from the K5 Formation (Middle/Late Permian) of the Metangula Graben (Niassa, Mozambique) raises new interest in the evolutionary history and taxonomy of the genus. Here we describe the anatomy of 111 new Endothiodon specimens from Mozambique and identify the presence of multiple specimens of E. tolani in possible co-occurrence with E. bathystoma, pending a more refined stratigraphic placement of E. bathystoma morph specimens. The overwhelming majority of specimens collected in the Metangula Graben are ascribable to Endothiodon. This scenario raises multiple evolutionary hypotheses for the genus with significant taxonomic implications. Importantly, the Mozambican specimens shed new light into the patterns of variation, ontogeny and dimorphism of endothiodont characters and Endothiodon autapomorphies.
Published: 2020
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22. Re-evaluating the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic early Cambrian deuterostome Yanjiahella

Author: Oldřich Fatka, Przemysław Gorzelak, Samuel Zamora, Imran A. Rahman, Bertrand Lefebvre, Jeffrey R. Thompson, Rich Mooi, Timothy A. M. Ewin, Martina Nohejlová, James Sprinkle, Bruno David, Thomas E. Guensburg, Colin D. Sumrall, Elise Nardin, David F. Wright, Selina R. Cole, Mike Reich, Aaron W. Hunter, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Grupo Aragosaurus-IUCA, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Division of Paleontology (Invertebrates), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Department of Paleobiology [Washington], Smithsonian Institution, Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Geology, California Academy of Sciences, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Institute of Paleobiology [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Earth Sciences [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), School of Earth Sciences [Perth], The University of Western Australia (UWA), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College of London [London] (UCL), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB), Paleontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), GeoBio-CenterLMU, Czech Geological Survey [Praha], Oxford University Museum of Natural History, University of Oxford [Oxford], Work supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grant number CGL2017-87631], cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund, project 'Aragosaurus: recursos geológicos y paleoambientales' (ref: E18_17R) funded by the Government of Aragón, by Gerstner Scholar and Lerner-Gray postdoctoral fellowships at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), by a Kathryn W. Davis postdoctoral fellowship at the AMNH, by a Royal Society Newton International Fellowship. I.A.R. is supported by the Oxford University Museum of Natural History., Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH), University of Oxford, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Geologic Sediments, China, 010506 paleontology, Science, Starfish, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Monophyly, Matters Arising, Chordata, Nonvertebrate, Animals, lcsh:Science, Clade, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, Taxonomy, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Appendage, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Deuterostome, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Fossils, Palaeontology, Geology, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Position (obstetrics), 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Body plan, Echinoderm, Evolutionary biology, lcsh:Q, Geologi, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0210 nano-technology, Echinodermata
Abstract: Recently we documented a bilaterally symmetrical, solitary organism, Yanjiahella biscarpa from the early Cambrian (Fortunian) of China1. We interpreted that Y. biscarpa possessed an echinoderm-like plated theca, a muscular stalk similar to hemichordates and a pair of long, feeding appendages. Our interpretation and our phylogenetic analysis suggest that Y. biscarpa is a stem-echinoderm, which would confirm that echinoderms acquired plates before pentaradial symmetry and that their history is firmly rooted in bilateral forms. Zamora et al.2 however, have criticized our interpretation, arguing against an echinoderm affinity, instead suggesting that the phylogenetic placement of Y. biscarpa is dubious and its significance for understanding deuterostome evolution is uncertain. This criticism2 seems to stem from our interpretation of particular morphological features in Y. biscarpa1 and the perceived lack of echinoderm synapomorphies. Echinoderms possess a calcitic skeleton with a distinctive three-dimensional mesh-like microstructure called stereom, that is considered a major synapomorphy of the Echinodermata3. Zamora et al.2 highlighted the absence of stereom in Y. biscarpa, additionally stating that we had omitted appropriate methods, specifically latex casting, that may confirm the presence of stereom in our specimens. We concede that initially we did not latex cast any specimens of Y. biscarpa, predominantly due to the fragile nature and the associated risk of damaging the specimens in question. In lieu of latex casting we employed Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate the surface and the details of Y. biscarpa specimens. SEM has been extensively used in the past to study stereom microstructure4,5,6 and if such a microstructure was preserved in Y. biscarpa it would have been detected using this technique. Artikeln är ett refereegranskat svar på en publicerad kommentar på en tidigare artikel.
Published: 2020
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23. Strontium isotope analysis in ancient glass from South Asia using portable laser ablation sampling

Author: Thomas Oliver Pryce, Laure Dussubieux, Christophe Cloquet, S. Seman, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Negaunee Foundation, ANR-16-CE27-0011,BROGLASEA,DU BRONZE ET DU VERRE COMME CATALYSEURS ET TRACEURS CULTURELS EN ASIE DU SUD-EST ANCIENNE(2016), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Archeology, History, Provenance, Laser ablation, South asia, 060102 archaeology, Geochemistry, Sampling (statistics), 06 humanities and the arts, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of strontium, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Environmental science, 0601 history and archaeology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; In order to carry out strontium isotope analysis, glass artifacts from South Asia were sampled with portable laser (pLA), a relatively novel sampling technique, that leaves damages invisible to the naked eye. Subsequently, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) was used to obtain strontium isotope ratios after sample dissolution and separation. With this study, the goal was two-fold: to determine whether the measurements of strontium isotope ratios were impacted by using a portable laser as a sample tool, and also to assess the pertinence of using strontium isotope ratios to provenance Indian glass. Despite a deterioration of the precision of the measurement of the strontium isotope ratios for artifacts sampled with pLA compared to traditional sampling method, the strontium isotope ratios of certain Indian glass are so different that this does not affect their separation but comparison of datasets obtained using standard methods and pLA might be challenging.
Published: 2020
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24. The phylogeny of the African wood mice (Muridae, Hylomyscus) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and five nuclear genes reveals their evolutionary history and undescribed diversity

Author: Erik Verheyen, Terrence C. Demos, Marc Colyn, Akaibe Dudu, Christiane Denys, Ayodeji Olayemi, Pierre-Henri Fabre, Josef Bryja, Pionus Katuala, Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans, Violaine Nicolas, Alain Didier Missoup, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Université de Douala, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Université de Kisangani, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Roosevelt University [Chicago], This work was supported by the ‘Action Transversale du Muséum: Génomique et collections’ (MNHN), EU-DGVIII BIOFAC and ECOFAC programs, WHO-Ebola Research Project in Côte d’Ivoire, WWF Gabon, PGRR-GFA Terra Systems Project in Guinea, INCO-DEV Threat Control in Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire, PAMF project in Benin, ANR Biodiversité (grant number IFORA ANR-06-BDIV-0014), Czech Science Foundation (grant numbers P506/10/0983, 15-20229S), Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia (grant number 018/2017/P), the Belgian Directorate for Development Cooperation (DGD), the Flemish Inter-University Council –University Development Cooperation (VLIR-UOS)., ANR-06-BDIV-0014,IFORA,Les îles forestières africaines : modèles d'une nouvelle approche de la dynamique de structuration de la biodiversité(2006), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Nuclear gene, Biogeography, Speciation, Late Miocene, Biology, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, Rodents, 03 medical and health sciences, Monophyly, Mice, Phylogenetics, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetics, Animals, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Cell Nucleus, Mammals, Tropical Climate, Hylomyscus, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Tropical Africa, Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Evolutionary biology, Africa, Genome, Mitochondrial, Taxonomy (biology), Murinae
Abstract: International audience; Wood mice of the genus Hylomyscus, are small-sized rodents widely distributed in lowland and montane rainforests in tropical Africa, where they can be locally abundant. Recent morphological and molecular studies have increased the number of recognized species from 8 to 18 during the last 15 years. We used complete mitochondrial genomes and five nuclear genes to infer the number of candidate species within this genus and depict its evolutionary history. In terms of gene sampling and geographical and taxonomic coverage, this is the most comprehensive review of the genus Hylomyscus to date. The six species groups (aeta, alleni, anselli, baeri, denniae and parvus) defined on morphological grounds are monophyletic. Species delimitation analyses highlight undescribed diversity within this genus: perhaps up to 10 taxa need description or elevation from synonymy, pending review of type specimens. Our divergence dating and biogeographical analyses show that diversification of the genus occurred after the end of the Miocene and is closely linked to the history of the African forest. The formation of the Rift Valley combined with the declining global temperatures during the Late Miocene caused the fragmentation of the forests and explains the first split between the denniae group and remaining lineages. Subsequently, periods of increased climatic instability during Plio-Pleistocene probably resulted in elevated diversification in both lowland and montane forest taxa.
Published: 2020
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25. Athenacrinus n. gen. and other early echinoderm taxa inform crinoid origin and arm evolution

Author: James Sprinkle, Bruno David, Bertrand Lefebvre, Rich Mooi, Kraig Derstler, Thomas E. Guensburg, Michel Roux, Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Geology, California Academy of Sciences, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, University of New Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, biology, Stereom, Paleontology, Crinoid, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Tremadocian, Taxon, Echinoderm, Genus, Floian, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Ordovician, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Intermediate morphologies of a new fossil crinoid shed light on the pathway by which crinoids acquired their distinctive arms. Apomorphies originating deep in echinoderm history among early nonblastozoan pentaradiate echinoderms distinguish Tremadocian (earliest Ordovician) crinoid arms from later taxa. The brachial series is separated from the ambulacra, part of the axial skeleton, by lateral plate fields. Cover plates are arrayed in two tiers, and floor plates expressed podial basins and pores. Later during the Early Ordovician, floor plates contacted and nestled into brachials, then were unexpressed as stereom elements entirely and cover plates were reduced to a single tier. Incorporation of these events into a parsimony analysis supports crinoid origin deep in echinoderm history separate from blastozoans (eocrinoids, ‘cystoids’). Arm morphology is exceptionally well-preserved in the late Tremadocian to early FloianAthenacrinus browerinew genus new species. Character analysis supports a hypothesis that this taxon originated early within in the disparid clade.Athenacrinusn. gen. (in Athenacrinidae new family) is the earliest-known crinoid to express what is commonly referred to as ‘compound’ or ‘biradial’ morphology. This terminology is misleading in that no evidence for implied fusion or fission of radials exists, rather it is suggested that this condition arose through disproportionate growth.UUID:http://zoobank.org/b383e039-3298-4472-a7e3-e81684f87cfe
Published: 2020
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26. Phylogeographical patterns and a cryptic species provide new insights into Western Indian Ocean giant clams phylogenetic relationships and colonization history

Author: Florentine Riquet, Ellen E. Strong, Dario Zuccon, Michael L. Berumen, Hélène Magalon, Philippe Borsa, Philippe Bouchet, Cécile Fauvelot, Daphné Grulois, Jan Johan ter Poorten, Faustinato Behivoke, Serge Andréfouët, Pauline Gélin, Tane H. Sinclair-Taylor, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Université de Toliara, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20008, USA., LabEx CORAIL fund, University of Toliara, INEE, INSU, IRD, AAMP, FRB, TAAF, Veolia Environnement, Total Foundation, Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Richard Lounsbery Foundation, and Triballat
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, biogeographical barriers, 0303 health sciences, Species complex, Ecology, St petersburg, population genetics, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Red Sea, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, cardiidae, On board, 03 medical and health sciences, Indian ocean, Geography, species distribution, 14. Life underwater, systematics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, biodiversity
Abstract: Aim The unique biodiversity in the Red Sea is the result of complex ecological and evolutionary processes driven by Pleistocene climatic change. Here we investigate the species diversity, phylogenetic relationships and phylogeographical patterns of giant clams in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and the Red Sea to explore scenarios of marine speciation in this under-studied region. Location Mozambique Channel, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands (WIO); the Farasan Islands (Red Sea). Taxon Giant clams of the genus Tridacna (Cardiidae: Tridacninae). Methods Giant clams were sampled as complete organisms or through underwater biopsies. Nuclear (28S) and mitochondrial (16S and COI) DNA sequences were subjected to Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for all known species within the genus Tridacna. Bayesian inference with molecular and fossil calibration was used to infer their colonization history. Results From the 10 genetically distinct clades recovered from the analyses of 253 sequenced specimens, five distinct Tridacna lineages were sampled, three of which were endemics of the WIO and the Red Sea. Each lineage corresponded to a distinct species, except one grouping the two formerly known WIO endemics, T. lorenzi and T. rosewateri. This lineage clustered with two other well-supported lineages: the Red Sea endemic T. squamosina, and a previously unrecognized lineage, restricted to the WIO, for which we resurrect the long-forgotten name T. elongatissima Bianconi, 1856. For the two other species sampled (T. maxima and T. squamosa), contrasting phylogeographical patterns were observed. Main conclusions Our data confirm the validity of the species T. rosewateri, a WIO endemic genetically indistinguishable from T. lorenzi, which should be considered a junior synonym. The phylogenetic placement of the newly resurrected T. elongatissima provides insights into the probable origin of T. squamosina, which split from its sister species no later than 2 Ma, likely during Middle Pleistocene glacial periods. Two scenarios are discussed. Our results also suggest that T. maxima invaded the Red Sea more recently and that contemporary gene flow between Red Sea and WIO T. maxima is highly restricted. The deep Red Sea partition observed in T. squamosa suggests a much older divergence and raises the question of a possible cryptic lineage.
Published: 2020
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27. Genetic origins and diversity of bushpigs from Madagascar (Potamochoerus larvatus, family Suidae)

Author: Steven M. Goodman, Miguel Pedrono, Michael J. Herrera, Jenna Day, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Jaime Gongora, Peter J. Taylor, Carol Lee, Guillaume Besnard, The University of Sydney, Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University of Venda, University of the Free State [South Africa], University of the Philippines Diliman (UP Diliman), Sydney, to undertake this study. P.J.T. acknowledges the funding of the Department of Science and Technology(DST) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) through the South African Research Chairs initiative(SARChI) Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change, hosted at the University of Venda and co-hosted by the Cenrefor Invasion Biology at University of Stellenbosch (NRF Grant number 87311). GB is supported by the LABEXTULIP (ANR-10-LABX-0041) and CEBA (ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Venda [South Africa] (UNIVEN), and University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Phylogénie, Swine, Family suidae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Système mhc, lcsh:Medicine, Subspecies, Evolutionary ecology, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Suidae, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, media_common, Multidisciplinary, biology, Repertoire, Ecological genetics, Potamochoerus, génétique animale, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mainland, Molecular ecology, geographic locations, media_common.quotation_subject, Adaptive immunity, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Africa, Southern, 03 medical and health sciences, Variation génétique, parasitic diseases, Madagascar, Animals, Humans, Taxonomy, Haplotype, lcsh:R, Genetic Variation, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, biology.organism_classification, L10 - Génétique et amélioration des animaux, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, lcsh:Q, Diversity (politics), Founder effect
Abstract: The island of Madagascar, situated off the southeast coast of Africa, shows the first evidence of human presence ~ 10,000 years ago; however, other archaeological data indicates a settlement of the modern peoples of the island distinctly more recent, perhaps > 1500 years ago. Bushpigs of the genus Potamochoerus (family Suidae), are today widely distributed in Madagascar and presumed to have been introduced from Africa at some stage by human immigrants to the island. However, disparities about their origins in Madagascar have been presented in the literature, including the possibility of endemic subspecies, and few empirical data are available. Furthermore, the separation of bushpigs in Madagascar from their mainland relatives may have favoured the evolution of a different repertoire of immune genes first due to a founder effect and then as a response to distinct pathogens compared to their ancestors. Molecular analysis confirmed the species status of the bushpig in Madagascar as P. larvatus, likely introduced from the central region of southern Africa, with no genetic evidence for the recognition of eastern and western subspecies as suggested from previous cranial morphology examination. Investigation of the immunologically important SLA-DQB1 peptide-binding region showed a different immune repertoire of bushpigs in Madagascar compared to those on the African mainland, with seventeen exon-2 haplotypes unique to bushpigs in Madagascar (2/28 haplotypes shared). This suggests that the MHC diversity of the Madagascar populations may have enabled Malagasy bushpigs to adapt to new environments.
Published: 2020
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28. The type of Rapa Shearwater Puffinus (newelli?) myrtae from the Austral Islands, Polynesia, with remarks on the morphological variation of the taxon

Author: Manuel Schweizer, Guy M. Kirwan, Vincent Bretagnolle, Hadoram Shirihai, Naturhistorisches Museum [Bern], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Puffinus, Population, Holotype, Zoology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Shearwater, 010605 ornithology, Type (biology), Taxon, Plumage, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Juvenile, Animal Science and Zoology, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Rapa Shearwater Puffinus (newelli?) myrtae is known solely from five specimens held in Tring and Paris museums, and from observations on the breeding islands. It has a potentially tiny breeding population that is apparently restricted currently to islets off Rapa (it formerly also bred on the main island of Rapa), as well as probably on Marotiri (south of Rapa), in the Austral Islands, Polynesia. Clear differences in morphology between the series in Paris and the holotype in Tring can be explained in terms of age-related variation, with the latter specimen being a juvenile. As a result, we describe adult plumage in detail for the first time. Genetic analysis confirmed that the Paris and Tring specimens can be unequivocally referred to the same taxon.
Published: 2017
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29. Genetic variation of the most abundant forest‐dwelling rodents in Central Africa ( Praomys jacksoni complex): Evidence for Pleistocene refugia in both montane and lowland forests

Author: Josef Bryja, Marc Colyn, Terrence C. Demos, Prince Kaleme, Jan Kennis, Christiane Denys, Anne Laudisoit, Daniela Mizerovská, Violaine Nicolas, Erik Verheyen, Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans, Alain Didier Missoup, Pionus Katuala, Dudu Akaibe, Radim Šumbera, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Roosevelt University [Chicago], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratory of Applied Ecology, LEGERA - Université de Kisangani, Université de Kisangani, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], University of Liverpool, Université de Douala, University of South Bohemia, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Department of Population Biology, Academy of Sciences, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), 14‐36098G, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Masaryk University, Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles [Lwiro, Congo] (CRSN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Economics, Praomyini, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rodentia, Parapatric speciation, phylogeography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Coalescent theory, 03 medical and health sciences, refugia, montane forests, lowland forests, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Praomys jacksoni species complex, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, tropical Africa, Praomys jacksoni, Plio-Pleistocene climate changes, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Environmental niche modelling, Chemistry, Phylogeography, Taxon, Geography, Habitat, Genetic structure, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; AimWe investigate the Plio‐Pleistocene evolutionary history of one of the most abundant rodents in Afrotropical forests. Specifically, we ask how their diversification was influenced by climate change, topography and major rivers.LocationTropical Africa: Lower Guinea (including Cameroon volcanic line; CVL), Congolia, Albertine Rift (AR), Kenyan highlands (KH).TaxonMurine rodents of the Praomys jacksoni complex.MethodsWe used 849 genotyped individuals to describe the overall diversity and spatial genetic structure across a majority of their known distribution area. The combination of one mitochondrial and three nuclear markers was used to infer dated phylogenies using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches. Genetic structure was further assessed by multispecies coalescent species delimitation. Current and past distributions of particular taxa were predicted using environmental niche modelling.ResultsThe complex is composed of five major genetic clades (proposed species). Two of them are restricted to specific habitat types (either montane forests of AR or wetlands in lowland forests along the Congo River), three others have wide geographic distributions and lower levels of ecological specialization. The earliest divergence is dated to the Plio‐Pleistocene boundary and is in accordance with the separation of AR forests and Guineo‐Congolian forests. Further diversification of the complex is associated with Pleistocene climate changes. Relatively stable refugia of suitable climatic conditions were identified in lowland Congolia (for two species currently distributed only in lowland forests) as well as in montane forests of CVL, AR, KH (playing the role of reservoirs of diversity). Large rivers, especially the Congo River, are important barriers to gene flow for most taxa, but probably were not the primary cause of differentiation.Main conclusionsThe evolutionary history of the complex was primarily affected by Pleistocene climate changes and diversification in forest refugia. There is little support for ecological parapatric speciation or the riverine barrier hypothesis.
Published: 2019
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30. Glass artifacts at Angkor: evidence for exchange

Author: Christophe Pottier, Martin Polkinghorne, Laure Dussubieux, Alison Carter, University of Oregon [Eugene], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], and École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO)
Subjects: Soda-lime glass, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Glass production, South asia, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, humanities, Southeast asia, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Lead glass, Geography, Iron Age, Anthropology, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0601 history and archaeology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Although glass beads were found in large quantities in Southeast Asia during the Iron Age and into the first millennium CE, glass artifacts from the Angkorian period (ninth–fifteenth centuries CE) are less common and have not been as well-studied. This paper presents the results of an analysis of 81 glass beads and artifacts from the ninth-century royal capital of Hariharālaya and later (twelfth–fourteenth centuries CE) contexts from the walled city of Angkor Thom. Compositional analyses using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) have identified glass belonging to three broad compositional groups. The earlier Hariharālaya sites have numerous glass beads and vessel fragments made from vegetal soda glass, associated with Middle Eastern production, as well as high-alumina mineral soda glass of a sub-type frequently found at Iron Age sites in Southeast Asia and likely produced in South Asia. Beads from the later-period sites within Angkor Thom are primarily lead glass, associated with Chinese glass production, and different sub-types of high-alumina mineral soda glass that have also been found at sites in Southeast Asia dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth centuries CE. A small number of beads from Angkor Thom also have a vegetal soda composition distinct from beads at Hariharālaya. The results of this study provide a new type of evidence for elite participation in broader regional exchange networks during the Angkorian period.
Published: 2019
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31. Moscovian fossils put light on the enigmatic polyneopteran families Cacurgidae and Eoblattidae (Insecta: 'Eoblattida', Archaeorthoptera) Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

Author: Schubnel, Thomas, Roberts, Dawn, Roques, Patrick, Garrouste, Romain, Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Nel, André, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA]
Subjects: Archaeorthoptera, Insecta, Eoblattida, wing venation, Polyneoptera, phylogeny, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy
Abstract: International audience; Based on description of the new species Cacurgus avionensis sp. nov., the genus Cacurgus and the family Cacurgidae are revised, excluded from Gerarida, and restored in Panorthoptera. Cacurgidae are restricted to the single genus Cacurgus. Protodictyon pulchripenne is redescribed, excluded from Cacurgidae, and put in the archaeorthopteran stem group of the Panorthoptera. We restore two genera, Kochopteron and Protoblattina, in Paoliidae. The genera Suksunus, Ideliopsis and Kitshuga, currently placed in Cacurgidae, are not Archaeorthoptera but Polyneoptera of uncertain positions, to be revised in the future. The type genus Eoblatta of the family Eoblattidae and of the superorder Eoblattida, is also restored to Archaeorthoptera. The whole set of Eoblattida taxa needs complete revision based on accurate homologies of wing venation. Lastly, Aviologus is excluded from ‘Cnemidolestina’ and restored to Archaeorthoptera. Westphalopsocus is restored in the Acercaria: Psocodea. We propose Paleoischnoptera nom. nov. as a replacement name for Ischnoptera Béthoux & Nel, 2005 Béthoux, O. & Nel, A. 2005. Some Palaeozoic ‘Protorthoptera’ are ‘ancestral’ orthopteroids: major wing braces as clues to a new split among the 'Protorthoptera'. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2, 1–25. doi: 10.1017/S1477201904001488[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] (non Ischnoptera Burmeister, 1838 Burmeister, H. 1838. Handbuch der Entomologie. Reimer, Berlin, 1–400 pp. [Google Scholar]).
Published: 2019
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32. Synonymization of the genus nomen Dendroplex Swainson, 1827 and description of a new genus of woodcreeper (Aves: Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae) with remarks on Articles 67.5 and 70.3 of the Code

Author: Elizabeth Höfling, Claydson Pinto De Assis, Guy M. Kirwan, Marcos A. Raposo, Alain Dubois, Renata Stopiglia, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010607 zoology, Zoology, Dendroplex, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Xiphorhynchus, Oriolus, Animals, Animalia, Passeriformes, Chordata, Nomenclature, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, biology, Biodiversity, Furnariidae, biology.organism_classification, Woodcreeper, Type species, Animal Science and Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), Dendrocolaptes, Aves
Abstract: The polytypic Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788) is one of the most complex species-groups of Dendrocolaptidae (Aves: Passeriformes), from both the nomenclatural and morphological standpoints. Firstly, its alpha taxonomy is debatable. Virtually all recent works (e.g. Aleixo 2002; Marantz et al . 2003; del Hoyo & Collar 2016) have recognized just two species in the group— Dendroplex picus and Zimmer’s Woodcreeper Dendroplex kienerii (Des Murs, 1856)—although some of the other described taxa possess singular morphological characters and well-defined ranges somewhat isolated from their geographically closest relatives (e.g. Plain-throated Woodcreeper Dendroplex picirostris Lafresnaye, 1847). Secondly, the correct genus to which to allocate taxa presently included in this group ( vide Aleixo 2002) has been controversial. There is a considerable confusion as to which nominal species should be regarded as the type of Dendroplex Swainson, 1827 b . Three species are involved in the dispute (Cory & Hellmayr 1925; Peters 1951; Aleixo et al . 2002; Marantz et al . 2003; Aleixo et al . 2007): Oriolus picus J. F. Gmelin, 1788; Dendrocolaptes guttatus M. H. C. Lichtenstein, 1818; and Dendrocolaptes ocellatus Spix, 1824. Here, we re-examine the nomenclatural issue and show that application of the nomen Dendroplex to the clade comprising the species-group D. picus (Aleixo et al . 2007) is based on a misunderstanding of the application of Article 70.3 of the Code (Anon. 1999) and that Dendrocolaptes ocellatus Spix, 1824, is its real type species. Consequently, the genus Dendroplex Swainson, 1827 b , must be considered a junior synonym of Xiphorhynchus Swainson, 1827 a . Because no generic nomen is currently available for them, we propose a new genus nomen to encompass the species originally described as Oriolus picus J. F. Gmelin, 1788, Dendroplex picirostris Lafresnaye, 1847, and Dendrornis kienerii Des Murs, 1856.
Published: 2018
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33. Biogeography of Leptospira in wild animal communities inhabiting the insular ecosystem of the western Indian Ocean islands and neighboring Africa

Author: Dietrich, Muriel, Gomard, Yann, Lagadec, Erwan, Ramasindrazana, Beza, Le Minter, Gildas, Guernier, Vanina, Benlali, Aude, Rocamora, Gérard, Markotter, Wanda, Goodman, Steven, Dellagi, Koussay, Tortosa, Pablo, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), University of Seychelles, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Tortosa, Pablo, and Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, animal diseases, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the processes driving parasite assemblages is particularly important in the context of zoonotic infectious diseases. Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic bacterial infection caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. Despite a wide range of animal hosts, information is still lacking on the factors shaping Leptospira diversity in wild animal communities, especially in regions, such as tropical insular ecosystems, with high host species richness and complex biogeographical patterns. Using a large dataset (34 mammal species) and a multilocus approach at a regional scale, we analyzed the role of both host species diversity and geography in Leptospira genetic diversity in terrestrial small mammals (rodents, tenrecs, and shrews) and bats from 10 different islands/countries in the western Indian Ocean (WIO) and neighboring Africa. At least four Leptospira spp. (L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri, and L. mayottensis) and several yet-unidentified genetic clades contributed to a remarkable regional Leptospira diversity, which was generally related to the local occurrence of the host species rather than the geography. In addition, the genetic structure patterns varied between Leptospira spp., suggesting different evolutionary histories in the region, which might reflect both in situ diversification of native mammals (for L. borgpetersenii) and the more recent introduction of non-native host species (for L. interrogans). Our data also suggested that host shifts occurred between bats and rodents, but further investigations are needed to determine how host ecology may influence these events.
Published: 2018
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34. Future Directions in the Research and Management of Marine Snakes

Author: Harold K. Voris, Aaron Savio Lobo, Bryan G. Fry, Jenna M. Crowe-Riddell, Mathew Hourston, Harvey B. Lillywhite, Vimoksalehi Lukoschek, Vinay Udyawer, Michelle R. Heupel, Alan Kendrick, Kate L. Sanders, Charlotte R. Nitschke, Mervi Kangas, Amber Gillett, Rory McAuley, François Brischoux, Harold Heatwole, Arne Redsted Rasmussen, Samuel S. Sweet, Ruchira Somaweera, Michael L. Guinea, Coleman M. Sheehy, Peter Barnes, Blanche D'Anastasi, Richard Shine, Claire Goiran, Inigo Koefoed, Xavier Bonnet, Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions [Australia], Parks and Wildlife Service of Northern Territory, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Biological Sciences [Australia], University of Adelaide, College of Science and Engineering [Australia], James Cook University (JCU), School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital [Australia], Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Research Institute of the Environment and Livelihoods [Autralia], Charles Darwin University, Department of Zoology [Australia], University of New England, Armidale, Australia, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development [Australie], Marine Science Program [Australia], Department of Biology [USA], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Independent Researcher, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation [Denmark], The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts [Denmark], Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History [USA], Biological Sciences A08, The University of Sydney, Ecosystem Change Ecology Team [Australia], Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, Department of Zoology [USA], and Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Systematic survey, Endangered species, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, Water Science and Technology, sea snake, Global and Planetary Change, biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, conservation, endangered species, biology.organism_classification, Multiple species, Great barrier reef, research priorities, sea krait, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Enhydrina schistosa, lcsh:Q, business, management, policy
Abstract: International audience; Marine snakes represent the most speciose group of marine reptiles and are a significantcomponent of reef and coastal ecosystems in tropical oceans. Research on this grouphas historically been challenging due to the difficulty in capturing, handling, and keepingthese animals for field- and lab-based research. Inexplicable declines in marine snakepopulations across global hotspots have highlighted the lack of basic information onthis group and elevated multiple species as conservation priorities. With the increasedinterest in research on marine snakes, we conducted a systematic survey of experts toidentify twenty key questions that can direct future research. These questions are framedacross a wide array of scientific fields to produce much-needed information relevant tothe conservation and management of marine snakes.
Published: 2018
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35. Bat Astrovirus in Mozambique

Author: Hoarau, Flora, Le Minter, Gildas, Joffrin, Léa, Schoeman, M. Corrie, Lagadec, Erwan, Ramasindrazana, Beza, Dos Santos, Andréa, Goodman, Steven, Gudo, Eduardo, Mavingui, Patrick, Lebarbenchon, Camille, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Eduardo Mondlane University, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Instituto nacional de saude [Lisbon, Portugal], Field research was funded by the ‘Partenariat Mozambique-Réunion dans la recherche en santé: pour une approche intégrée d’étude des maladies infectieuses à risque épidémique (MoZaR)’ (Fond Européen de Développement Régional, Programme Opérationnel de Coopération Territoriale) and by the ‘Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique’ (Projets Exploratoires Premier Soutien BATMAN). Molecular analyses were funded by tutorship institutions of the UMR PIMIT. LJ is supported by a ‘Région Réunion, European Regional Development Funds (FEDER 2014-2020)’ PhD fellowship. BR’s post-doctoral fellowship was supported by the ‘Run Emerge’ European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013, Grant agreement NO 263958), the ‘Fonds de Coopération Régionale, Prefecture de La Réunion’ and The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, through the Ralph and Marian Falk Medical Research Trust. CL is supported by a ‘Chaire mixte: Université de La Réunion – INSERM’., We thank Koussay Dellagi and Hervé Pascalis for the development and the management of the ‘partenariat Mozambique-Réunion dans la recherche en santé: pour une approche intégrée d’étude des maladies infectieuses à risque épidémique (MoZaR)’ research program., European Project: 263958,EC:FP7:REGPOT,FP7-REGPOT-2010-1,RUN-EMERGE(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Solofoharivelo, Marie Chrystine, and Supporting the research potential on emerging infectious diseases in La Réunion Island, an EU outermost region in the South-Western Indian Ocean - RUN-EMERGE - - EC:FP7:REGPOT2011-01-15 - 2015-01-14 - 263958 - VALID
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, animal structures, Genes, Viral, Short Report, Mayotte, Zoology, Triaenops afer, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Animal Diseases, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Mammastrovirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Astroviridae Infections, Chiroptera, Virology, East africa, Madagascar, Animals, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, lcsh:RC109-216, Phylogeny, Mozambique, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Phylogenetic tree, biology, business.industry, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Interspecific competition, biology.organism_classification, Biological materials, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Pteropus seychellensis, Archipelago, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Bat astroviruses, Astroviridae, RNA, Viral, Livestock, business
Abstract: Astroviruses (AstVs) are responsible for infection of a large diversity of mammalian and avian species, including bats, aquatic birds, livestock and humans. We investigated AstVs circulation in bats in Mozambique and Mayotte, a small island in the Comoros Archipelago located between east Africa and Madagascar. Biological material was collected from 338 bats and tested for the presence of the AstV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase gene with a pan-AstV semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. None of the 79 samples obtained from Mayotte bats (Pteropus seychellensis comorensis and Chaerephon pusillus) tested positive; however, 20.1% of bats sampled in Mozambique shed AstVs at the time of sampling and significant interspecific variation in the proportion of positive bats was detected. Many AstVs sequences obtained from a given bat species clustered in different phylogenetic lineages, while others seem to reflect some level of host-virus association, but also with AstVs previously reported from Malagasy bats. Our findings support active circulation of a large diversity of AstVs in bats in the western Indian Ocean islands, including the southeastern African coast, and highlight the need for more detailed assessment of its risk of zoonotic transmission to human populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1011-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018
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36. Bone tools and ornaments in the Classic period Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico

Author: Feinman, Gary M., Nicholas, Linda M., Lapham, Heather A., Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), and University of North Carolina System (UNC)
Subjects: periodo clásico, el trabajo de fibra, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, période classique, vallée d’Oaxaca, bone tools, outils en os, Classic period, fiber working, herramientas de hueso, Mesoamérica, Valle de Oaxaca, ornements, ornamentos, Mésoamérique, travail de la fibre, Valley of Oaxaca, ornaments
Abstract: International audience; In prehispanic Mesoamerica, bone was a broadly recovered raw material for the fabrication of implements and ornaments, used in both ritual and domestic production activities. To date, researchers have employed broad, general descriptions for these tools such as awls, needles, and perforators, but little consistency exists in the terminologies and categories that describe the range of osseous tools. Through excavations at four Classic period sites in the Valley of Oaxaca, we have amassed over 1100 bone tools, ornaments, and other worked pieces. Here we illustrate and define the principal classes of bone implements and the animal species (including human) that were utilized, while offering preliminary thoughts regarding the tasks for which they were used. Specific animal species seemingly were preferred for making certain tools, but local availability also was a factor. Across our Valley of Oaxaca contexts, the variability in tool assemblages points to diversity in household economic activities with implications for how we understand the Classic period economy. In line with previous Mesoamerican research, we surmise that a key use of bone tools was associated with fiber working and weaving.; En la Mesoamérica prehispánica, el hueso fue una materia prima ampliamente usada para la fabricación de herramientas y ornamentos, ambos utilizados tanto en actividades rituales como domésticas. Hasta la fecha, investigadores han utilizado descripciones generales para estas herramientas, como punzones, agujas y perforadores, pero existe poca consistencia en la terminología y las categorías que describen el rango de las herramientas óseas. Gracias a las excavaciones en cuatro sitios del Clásico en el Valle de Oaxaca, hemos recogido más de 1100 herramientas, ornamentos y otros fragmentos trabajados de hueso. En este artículo definimos e ilustramos las clases principales de este tipo de herramientas y las especies animales (incluido el ser humano) que fueron utilizadas para su fabricación; al mismo tiempo proporcionamos algunas ideas preliminares en cuanto a las tareas para las cuales se usaron. Parece que especies específicas fueron preferidas para hacer ciertas herramientas aun cuando la disponibilidad local fue también un factor determinante. A través de los contextos del Valle de Oaxaca, la variabilidad en los conjuntos de herramientas evidencia la diversidad de las actividades económicas en la unidad doméstica, la cual tiene implicaciones en cómo entendemos la economía del periodo Clásico. Acorde con previas investigaciones mesoamericanas, consideramos que hubo un uso clave de las herramientas de hueso asociado al trabajo de fibras y al telar.; Dans la Mésoamérique préhispanique, l’os était une matière première largement employé pour la fabrication d’instruments et d’ornements utilisés à la fois pour les activités rituelles et domestiques. À ce jour, les chercheurs ont utilisé des descriptions générales pour ces outils, comme les poinçons, les aiguilles et les perçoirs, mais il existe peu de cohérence dans les terminologies et les catégories qui décrivent la gamme d’outils en os. Grâce à des fouilles menées dans quatre sites de la période classique dans la vallée d’Oaxaca, nous avons recueilli plus de 1 100 outils, ornements et autres pièces travaillées en os. Ici, nous illustrons et définissons les classes principales d’instruments osseux et les espèces animales (y compris humaine) qui étaient utilisées pour leur fabrication, tout en offrant des idées préliminaires concernant les tâches pour lesquelles elles étaient utilisées. Des espèces animales spécifiques étaient apparemment préférées pour fabriquer certains outils, mais la disponibilité locale était également un facteur déterminant. Dans l’ensemble des contextes de la vallée d’Oaxaca, la variabilité des assemblages osseux révèle la diversité des activités économiques au sein de l’unité domestique, ce qui a des implications sur notre compréhension de l’économie de la période classique. En accord avec des travaux antérieurs en Mésoamérique, nous proposons que l’un des usages clé des outils en os a été lié au travail de la fibre et au tissage.
Published: 2018

37. Polychromophilus spp. (Haemosporida) in Malagasy bats: host specificity and insights on invertebrate vectors

Author: Pablo Tortosa, Koussay Dellagi, Beza Ramasindrazana, Yann Gomard, Najla Dsouli, Steven M. Goodman, Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia, Erwan Lagadec, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Université de Toliara, Financial supports to conduct this work were graciously provided by the Fonds Européen de Développement Régional FEDER POCT Réunion (Pathogènes associés à la faune sauvage Océan Indien #31189) and the Volkswagen Foundation. BR received postdoctoral fellowship from RunEmerge project funded by the European Frame work programme FP7 Capacities/Regpot, a post-doctoral grants from 'Fonds de Coopération Régionale' of the Préfecture de La Réunion, and from the Dr. Ralph and Marian Falk Medical Research Trust to The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago., We are grateful to the Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, Madagascar National Parks, and the Ministère de l’Environnement et des Forêts of Madagascar for their valuable assistance regarding different administrative aspects and for providing research permits to conduct this work. We would like to thank Claude Fabienne Rakotondramanana and Tsibara Mbohoahy for their assistance in bat sampling. We are also grateful to Julien Mélade, Claire Bernard, and Mbola H. Rakotondratsimba for their assistance and valuable advice on different aspects. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments on a previous version of this manuscript., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), and Tortosa, Pablo
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Paratriaenops furculus, Male, Entomology, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Zoology, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Myotis goudoti, Host Specificity, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Mitochondrial Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Chiroptera, [SDV.BID.SPT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Bats, Madagascar, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Nycteribiidae, Protozoan Infections, Animal, Phylogeny, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Miniopterus, Diptera, Research, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Bayes Theorem, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Haemosporida, Cytochromes b, Vectors, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Polychromophilus, Parasitology, Taxonomy (biology), Female, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract: Background: Bats are home to diverse haemosporidian parasites namely Plasmodium and Plasmodium-related. While information is available at a worldwide level, haemosporidian infection in bats from Madagascar is still scarce and recent changes in the taxonomy of the island's bat fauna, particularly the description of several new species, require a reassessment of previously described patterns, including blood parasite ecology and vectorial transmission.Methods: A sample representing seven of the nine known bat families and 31 of the 46 currently recognized taxa from Madagascar and collected in the western and central portions of the island were screened by PCR for the presence of Polychromophilus. In addition, Nycteribiidae flies parasitizing Miniopteridae and Vespertilionidae were screened for parasites with the aim to better understand aspects of vector transmission. Phylogenetic reconstruction using the mitochondrial cytochrome b encoding gene was used in a Bayesian analysis to examine the relationship between Polychromophilus recovered from Malagasy bats and those identified elsewhere.Results: Polychromophilus infection was restricted to Miniopterus spp. (Miniopteridae), Myotis goudoti (Vespertilionidae), and Paratriaenops furculus (Rhinonycteridae), with an overall infection rate of 13.5%. Polychromophilus melanipherus was found infecting Miniopterus spp. and P. furculus, whereas Polychromophilus murinus was only recovered from M. goudoti. These two protozoan parasites species were also detected in bat flies species known to parasitize Miniopterus spp. and M. goudoti, respectively. Generalized linear model analyses were conducted to elucidate the effect of species and sex on haemoparasites infection in Miniopterus spp., which revealed that males have higher risk of infection than females and prevalence differed according to the considered Miniopterus host. Molecular screening of nycteribiid flies revealed three positive species for Polychromophilus spp., including Penicillidia sp. (cf. fulvida), Penicillidia leptothrinax, and Nycteribia stylidiopsis. These three fly species are known to parasitize Miniopterus spp. and M. goudoti and should be considered as potential vectors of Polychromophilus spp.Conclusion: Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated the existence of at least four distinct clades within the genus Polychromophilus, two of which were documented in the present study. The screening of nycteribiid flies overlaid on the highly diversified genus Miniopterus, provides considerable insight into parasite transmission, with bat infection being associated with their roosting behaviour and the occurrence of specific arthropod vectors.
Published: 2018
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38. Report of the Special Committee on Registration of Algal and Plant Names (including fossils)

Author: Willem F. Prud'homme van Reine, Xian-Chun Zhang, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Jiřina Dašková, Jiří Kvaček, Peter F. Stevens, Richard C. K. Chung, Hugh F. Glen, Michelle J. Price, Ali A. Dönmez, Gideon F. Smith, Niels Klazenga, Valéry Malécot, Kanchi N. Gandhi, Liliana Katinas, Wolf-Henning Kusber, Craig W. Schneider, Dmitry V. Geltman, Paul M. Kirk, Alan Paton, Mark F. Watson, Stefan Dressler, Alexander N. Sennikov, Alexander B. Doweld, Zhu-Liang Yang, Irina V. Belyaeva, Fred R. Barrie, David J. Patterson, Nicky Nicolson, Mary E. Barkworth, Werner Greuter, Karol Marhold, Regine Jahn, Martin J. Head, Gerrit Davidse, Malapati K. Janarthanam, David G. Mann, Christina Flann, Giuseppe C. Zuccarello, Intermountain Herbarium, Utah State University (USU), Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Missouri Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Botany Department, Department of Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Science Directorate, Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, The Herbarium, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Department of Palaeontology, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-The Natural History Museum (NHM), Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, Gaertnerian Institution, National Institute of Carpology, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Herbarium Senckenbergianum, Naturmuseum, Species 2000, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Herbaria, Harvard University [Cambridge], Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Box 1781, Orto botanico di Palermo, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Free University of Berlin (FU), Department of Earth Sciences [St. Catharines], Brock University [Canada], Department of Botany, Goa University, División Plantas Vasculares [La Plata], Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo [La Plata] (FCNyM), Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP)-Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Aquatic Ecosystems, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Institute of Botany, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Biodiversity Informatics, School of Biological Sciences [Sydney], The University of Sydney, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Genève, Department of Biology, Trinity College (TCD), Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow, Russia] (RAS), Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, University of Coimbra, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), The National Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, Registration, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Library science, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Botanical nomenclature, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], registration, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Nomenclature, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Code, 15. Life on land, International Botanical Congress, International code, ddc:580, Nomenclature Section, Mandate, Plant names registration
Abstract: The Special Committee on Registration of Algal and Plant Names (including fossils) was established at the XVIII International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Melbourne in 2011, its mandate being to consider what would be involved in registering algal and plant names (including fossils), using a procedure analogous to that for fungal names agreed upon in Melbourne and included as Art. 42 in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Because experience with voluntary registration was key to persuading mycologists of the advantages of mandatory registration, we began by asking institutions with a history of nomenclatural indexing to develop mechanisms that would permit registration. The task proved more difficult than anticipated, but considerable progress has been made, as is described in this report. It also became evident that the Nomenclature Section needs a structure that will allow ongoing discussion of registration and associated issues. Simultaneously with this report we are submitting four proposals that would provide such a structure. Fil: Barkworth, Mary E.. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Watson, Mark. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Barrie, Fred R.. Field Museum of National History; Estados Unidos Fil: Belyaeva, Irina V.. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Chung, Richard C. K.. Forest Research Institute Malaysia; Malasia Fil: Dašková, Jiřina. National Museum; República Checa Fil: Davidse, Gerrit. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos Fil: Dönmez, Ali A.. Hacettepe Üniversitesi; Turquía Fil: Alexander B. Doweld. National Institute of Carpology; Rusia Fil: Dressler, Stefan. Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum; Alemania Fil: Flann, Christina. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos Fil: Gandhi, Kanchi. Harvard University; Estados Unidos Fil: Geltman, Dmitry. Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Glen, Hugh F.. Forest Hills; Sudáfrica Fil: Greuter, Werner. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Head, Martin J.. Brock University; Canadá Fil: Jahn, Regine. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Janarthanam, Malapati K.. Goa University; India Fil: Katinas, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División de Plantas Vasculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Kirk, Paul M.. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Klazenga, Niels. Royal Botanic Gardens; Australia Fil: Kusber, Wolf Henning. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Kvaček, Jiří. National Museum; República Checa Fil: Malécot, Valéry. Université d’Angers; Francia Fil: Mann, David G.. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido. Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology; España Fil: Marhold, Karol. Charles University; República Checa Fil: Nagamasu, Hidetoshi. Kyoto University; Japón Fil: Nicolson, Nicky. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Paton, Alan. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Patterson, David J.. University of Sydney; Australia Fil: Price, Michelle J.. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève; Italia Fil: Prud'homme van Reine, Willem F.. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos Fil: Schneider, Craig W.. Trinity College; Estados Unidos Fil: Sennikov, Alexander. University of Helsinski; Finlandia Fil: Smith, Gideon F.. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; Sudáfrica Fil: Stevens, Peter F.. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos. University of Missouri-St; Estados Unidos Fil: Yang, Zhu-Liang. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China Fil: Zhang, Xian-Chun. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China Fil: Zuccarello, Giuseppe C.. Victoria University of Wellington; Nueva Zelanda
Published: 2016
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39. What really hampers taxonomy and conservation? A riposte to Garnett and Christidis (2017)

Author: Guy M. Kirwan, Renata Stopiglia, Flávio Alicino Bockmann, Alain Dubois, Jean Gayon, Marcos A. Raposo, Guilherme R. R. Brito, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (IHPST), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Philosophy of science, Ecology, Environmental ethics, Biology, CONTEST, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Politics, 030104 developmental biology, restrict, Animal Science and Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), Conservation biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Responding to purported taxonomic anarchy, in an article published in the widely read journal Nature, Garnett & Christidis (2017) [hereafter GC] opined on the need for “standardized global species lists”, at the behest of conservationists, and proposed the construction of a judicial committee to “restrict … freedom of taxonomic action” and promote taxonomic stability. Here we reflect on this perspective and contest that the view of GC conflicts with some basic and indisputable principles underpinning the philosophy of science, most notably: it must be free. They appear to believe that taxonomic revisions should be based on political, economic and conservation concerns, and they treat species as fixed real entities, instead of refutable scientific hypotheses. In addition to such theoretical misconceptions, GC did not consider important practical aspects of what they term taxonomic anarchy, most significantly the participation of conservationists as authors of taxonomic works, and the importance of alternative management units, a well-established discussion in conservation biology.
Published: 2017
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40. Hidden diversity of Nycteribiidae (Diptera) bat flies from the Malagasy region and insights on host-parasite interactions

Author: Carl W. Dick, Pablo Tortosa, Beza Ramasindrazana, Steven M. Goodman, Yann Gomard, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Université de La Réunion (UR), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tortosa, Pablo
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Short Report, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Comoros, Host Specificity, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Pteropodidae, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Genus, Chiroptera, Bat flies, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Madagascar, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, Pipistrellus, Cyclopodia, Nycteribiidae, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Archipelago, Miniopterus, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Diptera, Eidolon dupreanum, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, cox1, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Rousettus madagascariensis, Parasitology, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Scotophilus, Basilia
Abstract: Background: We present information on Nycteribiidae flies parasitizing the bat families Pteropodidae, Miniopteridae and Vespertilionidae from the Malagasy Region, contributing insight into their diversity and host preference.Results: Our phylogenetic analysis identified nine clusters of nycteribiid bat flies on Madagascar and the neighbouring Comoros Archipelago. Bat flies sampled from frugivorous bats of the family Pteropodidae are monoxenous: Eucampsipoda madagascariensis, E. theodori and Cyclopodia dubia appear wholly restricted to Rousettus madagascariensis, R. obliviosus and Eidolon dupreanum, respectively. Two different host preference patterns occurred in nycteribiids infecting insectivorous bats. Flies parasitizing bats of the genera Miniopterus (Miniopteridae) and Myotis (Vespertilionidae), namely Penicillidia leptothrinax, Penicillidia sp. and Nycteribia stylidiopsis, are polyxenous and showed little host preference, while those parasitizing the genera Pipistrellus and Scotophilus (both Vespertilionidae) and referable to Basilia spp., are monoxenous. Lastly, the inferred Bayesian phylogeny revealed that the genus Basilia, as currently configured, is paraphyletic.Conclusion: This study provides new information on the differentiation of nycteribiid taxa, including undescribed species. Host preference is either strict as exemplified by flies parasitizing fruit bats, or more relaxed as found on some insectivorous bat species, possibly because of roost site sharing. Detailed taxonomic work is needed to address three undescribed nycteribiid taxa found on Pipistrellus and Scotophilus, tentatively allocated to the genus Basilia, but possibly warranting different generic allocation.
Published: 2017
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41. Phylogeography of the small Indian civet and origin of introductions to western Indian Ocean islands

Author: Philippe Gaubert, André Lourenço, Steven M. Goodman, Andreas Wilting, Fabienne Justy, Jörns Fickel, Marie Sigaud, Riddhi P. Patel, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Raquel Vasconcelos, Maraike Willsch, Géraldine Veron, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Freie Universität Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona] (IBE / UPF - CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Universidade do Porto, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), University of Potsdam, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, and University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Gene Frequency, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Genetics (clinical), MESH: Evolution, Molecular, biology, Ecology, mtDNA, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Plio-Pleistocene, Cytochromes b, MESH: Cytochromes b, Phylogeography, MESH: Phylogeography, Civet, MESH: Genome, Mitochondrial, Viverridae, Viverricula indica, Biotechnology, Asia, Biogeography, DNA, Mitochondrial, 010603 evolutionary biology, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Viverridae, Indian Ocean Islands, ddc:570, biology.animal, Genetics, MESH: Gene Frequency, Animals, East Asia, 14. Life underwater, Endemism, Molecular Biology, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, biogeography, MESH: Indian Ocean Islands, MESH: DNA, Mitochondrial, Genetic Variation, MESH: Haplotypes, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, Genome, Mitochondrial, civet oil
Abstract: International audience; The biogeographic dynamics affecting the Indian subcontinent, East and Southeast Asia during the Plio-Pleistocene has generated complex biodiversity patterns. We assessed the molecular biogeography of the small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) through mitogenome and cytochrome b + control region sequencing of 89 historical and modern samples to (1) establish a time-calibrated phylogeography across the species' native range and (2) test introduction scenarios to western Indian Ocean islands. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses identified 3 geographic lineages (East Asia, sister-group to Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent + northern Indochina) diverging 3.2-2.3 million years ago (Mya), with no clear signature of past demographic expansion. Within Southeast Asia, Balinese populations separated from the rest 2.6-1.3 Mya. Western Indian Ocean populations were assigned to the Indian subcontinent + northern Indochina lineage and had the lowest mitochondrial diversity. Approximate Bayesian computation did not distinguish between single versus multiple introduction scenarios. The early diversification of the small Indian civet was likely shaped by humid periods in the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene that created evergreen rainforest barriers, generating areas of intra-specific endemism in the Indian subcontinent, East, and Southeast Asia. Later, Pleistocene dispersals through drier conditions in South and Southeast Asia were likely, giving rise to the species' current natural distribution. Our molecular data supported the delineation of only 4 subspecies in V. indica, including an endemic Balinese lineage. Our study also highlighted the influence of prefirst millennium AD introductions to western Indian Ocean islands, with Indian and/or Arab traders probably introducing the species for its civet oil.
Published: 2017
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42. Results of a biological inventory of the Nosy Ankao island group, Parc National de Loky-Manambato, northeastern Madagascar

Author: Goodman, Steven, Anbdou, Yasser, Andriamiarantsoa, Yannie, Fisher, Brian L, Griffiths, Owen, Keitt, Brad, Rafanomezantsoa, Jean-Jacques, Rajoelison, Eric, Rakotonirina, Jean-Claude, Ranaivoarisoa, Luc, Ranirison, Patrick, Soarimalala, Voahangy, Tantely, Luciano Michael, Tortosa, Pablo, Raselimanana, Achille, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Université d'Antsiranana (UNA), Association Famelona, California Academy of Sciences, Bioculture Ltd, Island Conservation, Madagascar Biodiversity Center, Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Université d'Antananarivo, Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tortosa, Pablo
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, MESH: Nosy Ankao, Madagascar, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BID] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; Un inventaire biologique a été réalisé du 3 au 14 mars 2016 dans quatre îles de la commune d'Apisikinana, district de Vohémar: Nosy Ankao (365ha), Nosy Manampao (29ha), Nosy Ratsy (6ha) et Nosiborona (6ha). Ces îles font partie du Parc National de Loky-Manambato. Chacune des îles se distingue par sa superficie et sa distance à la côte malgache. L'investigation menée sur le terrain et présentée ici inclut les groupes suivants: plantes ligneuses, moustiques, fourmis, reptiles, amphibiens, oiseaux et petits mammifères. En outre, des informations sur d'autres groupes, tels que les escargots terrestres, ont été collectées et sont présentées.
Published: 2017

43. Glass ornament production and trade polities in the Upper-Thai Peninsula during the Early Iron Age

Author: Bérénice Bellina, Laure Dussubieux, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), and Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, South china, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Ornaments, 06 humanities and the arts, Thailand, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Southeast Asia, Glass material, Craft, Prehistory, Geography, Iron Age, Peninsula, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Elemental composition, Period (geology), 0601 history and archaeology, Glass, Beads, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Khao Sek, a coastal settlement located in the Upper-Thai Peninsula and 80 km south of the early urbanized port of Khao Sam Kaeo in the Chumphon province, yielded an impressive quantity of glass waste and ornaments suggesting that glass bracelets and beads were manufactured at the site as early as the 4th c. BCE. This article discusses the glass material found at Khao Sek using typological observation but also elemental analysis with laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry. Beyond obvious morphological resemblance, compositional analyses of the glass conﬁrm similarities between the glass industries at Khao Sam Kaeo and Khao Sek and the existence of a fairly standardized glass ornament production at an early period. This article provides new arguments to discuss the fashioning of a regional standardized craft system as early as the mid-ﬁrst mil-lennium BC and its role in participating in the production of a pan-regional style, the “Late Prehistoric South China Sea style”. Finally, this study contributes to deﬁne the political developments that took place in the Upper-Thai Peninsula for the period 500 BCE–500 CE, hypothesizing the emergence of a ranked and complementary confederation of ports-of-trade.
Published: 2017
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44. Mitogenomic phylogeny, diversification, and biogeography of South American spiny rats

Author: Ana Carolina Loss, Pierre-Henri Fabre, Emmanuel J. P. Douzery, Louise H. Emmons, Ludovic Orlando, Marie-Ka Tilak, Nathan S. Upham, Bruce D. Patterson, Yuri L. R. Leite, Fabienne Justy, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Federal University of Espírito Santo, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Range (biology), MESH: Rodentia, MESH: Base Sequence, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, Phylogenetic tree, Carterodon, Nuclear DNA, Biological Evolution, Mitochondria, Phylogeography, Biogeography, MESH: Phylogeography, Diversification, MESH: Genome, Mitochondrial, Neotropics, MESH: Rats, MESH: Mitochondria, MESH: Bayes Theorem, Zoology, Rodentia, MESH: Biological Evolution, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Genetics, Vicariance, Animals, Molecular Biology, Fast-evolving gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mitogenomics, Base Sequence, MESH: DNA, Mitochondrial, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, Echimyidae, Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: South America, 15. Life on land, South America, biology.organism_classification, Rats, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Evolutionary biology, Genome, Mitochondrial, Biological dispersal
Abstract: International audience; Echimyidae is one of the most speciose and ecologically diverse rodent families in the world, occupying a wide range of habitats in the Neotropics. However, a resolved phylogeny at the genus-level is still lacking for these 22 genera of South American spiny rats, including the coypu (Myocastorinae), and 5 genera of West Indian hutias (Capromyidae) relatives. Here, we used Illumina shotgun sequencing to assemble 38 new complete mitogenomes, establishing Echimyidae, and Capromyidae as the first major rodent families to be completely sequenced at the genus-level for their mitochondrial DNA. Combining mitogenomes and nuclear exons, we inferred a robust phylogenetic framework that reveals several newly supported nodes as well as the tempo of the higher level diversification of these rodents. Incorporating the full generic diversity of extant echimyids leads us to propose a new higher level classification of two subfamilies: Euryzygomatomyinae and Echimyinae. Of note, the enigmatic Carterodon displays fast-evolving mitochondrial and nuclear sequences, with a long branch that destabilizes the deepest divergences of the echimyid tree, thereby challenging the sister-group relationship between Capromyidae and Euryzygomatomyinae. Biogeographical analyses involving higher level taxa show that several vicariant and dispersal events impacted the evolutionary history of echimyids. The diversification history of Echimyidae seems to have been influenced by two major historical factors, namely (1) recurrent connections between Atlantic and Amazonian Forests and (2) the Northern uplift of the Andes.
Published: 2017
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45. Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome

Author: Connie J. Clark, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Lan Qie, Timothy R. Baker, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Lise Zemagho, Yadvinder Malhi, Javier Silva Espejo, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Lindsay F. Banin, Jefferson S. Hall, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, H. Priyadi, Jérôme Chave, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Peter M. Umunay, J. W. Ferry Slik, Martin Gilpin, Ana Andrade, Andrew R. Marshall, Alvaro Cogollo Pacheco, Bonaventure Sonké, Rodrigo Sierra, Jan Bogaert, Emanuel Gloor, Christopher Baraloto, Guido Pardo, Nicholas J. Berry, Simon L. Lewis, Georgia Pickavance, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Vincent A. Vos, Carlos Cerón, Jean-Louis Doucet, Peter S. Ashton, William F. Laurance, Wannes Hubau, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Eric Chezeaux, Zorayda Restrepo, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Kanehiro Kitayama, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Sophie Fauset, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Jan Reitsma, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Percy Núñez Vargas, Hans ter Steege, John Terborgh, Roel J. W. Brienen, Jean-François Bastin, Kamariah Abu Salim, Jon C. Lovett, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Simon Willcock, Marisol Toledo, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Serge K. Begne, Greta C. Dargie, Carlos A. Quesada, Terese B. Hart, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Terry Sunderland, Ted R. Feldpausch, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Stuart J. Davies, Lera Miles, Sean C. Thomas, Lip Khoon Kho, Lisa Steel, Jaques Mukinzi, Marie Noel Djuikouo K., Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Terry L. Erwin, Ervan Rutishauser, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Rafael Herrera, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Faustin Mpanya Lukasu, Damien Bonal, Sylvester Tan, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Marielos Peña-Claros, José Luís Camargo, Lee J. T. White, James A. Comiskey, Hermann Taedoumg, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Pascal Petronelli, Jean-Remy Makana, Ophelia Wang, Richard B. Primack, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Charles De Cannière, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Leandro Maracahipes, Kuswata Kartawinata, Michael Balinga, Victor Chama Moscoso, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, David Harris, Miguel E. Leal, Paulo S. Morandi, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Frans Bongers, Joey Talbot, Douglas Sheil, Reuben Nilus, John R. Poulsen, Oliver L. Phillips, Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Dept Geog, University College of London [London] (UCL), Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Université de Yaoundé, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Coll Marine & Environm Sci, James Cook University, Leiden University, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux du Gabon, Ecole de Terrain en Ecologie Tropicale (ECOTROP), Mensurat Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima University, Inst Biodiversidade & Floresta, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Ctr Trop Conservat, Duke University [Durham], Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Coll Life & Environm Sci, University of Exeter, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard University [Cambridge], Programa Ciencias Agro & Mar, Herbario Universitario PORT, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Dept Biol Sci, Int Ctr Trop Bot, Florida International University (FIU), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Sch Geosci, University of Edinburgh, Biodivers & Landscape Unit, Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Projeto Dinam Biol Fragmentos Florestais, Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Rougier Gabon, Nicholas Sch Environm, Duke University, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Inventory & Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Smithsonian Institution, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Landscape Ecol & Vegetal Prod Syst Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Dept Bot & Plant Physiol, Fac Sci, University of Buea, Wildlife Conservation Society, Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Conservation Forestière (CEFRECOF), Department of Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Ctr Ecol, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Inst Geog & Reg Forsch, University of Vienna, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Lukuru Wildlife Res Fdn, Div Vertebrate Zool, National Museum of Natural History, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Integrat Res Ctr, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Trop Peat Res Inst, Biol Res Div, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kyoto University, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Coll Sci & Engn, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, George Mason University, Fac Sci Agron, University of Kisangani, Sch Geog & Environm, University of Oxford, Universidade Federal de Goiás [Goiânia] (UFG), Flamingo Land LTD, Dept Environm, CIRCLE, University of York, Salonga Natl Pk, sabah Parks, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Southern Swedish Forest Res Ctr, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Bur Waarderburg, Fundación Con-Vida, CarboForExpert, Fac Sci, Environm & Life Sci, University of Brunei Darussalam (Biology Department), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), Museu Univ, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), World Wide Fund for Nature, CTFS AA Asia Program, Fac Forestry, University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Yale University [New Haven], Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado Norte Amazónico, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Biol Sci, Liverpool John Moore University (ljmu), Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Bangor University, European Research Council (ERC), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, European Union's Seventh Framework Programme 283080, 282664, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency Grants, NERC Consortium Grant 'AMAZONICA' NE/F005806/1, NERC Consortium Grant 'TROBIT' NE/D005590/1, NERC Consortium Grant 'BIO-RED' NE/N012542/1, NERC New Investigators Grant, Royal Society, Centre for International Forestry (CIFOR), Gabon's National Parks Agency (ANPN), NERC PhD Studentship, UNEP-WCMC, NERC research fellowship NE/I021160/1, Royal Society University Research Fellowship ERC Advanced Grant (T-FORCES), Phillip Leverhulme Prize, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, NERC studentship, RGS-IBG Henrietta Hutton Grant, National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq) PELD/403725/2012-7, CNPq/PPBio/457602/2012-0, National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq) Productivity Grant, Leverhulme Trust under the Valuing the Arc project, Missouri Botanical Garden, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Université de Yaoundé I, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Vienna [Vienna], Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Université de Toulouse (UT), James Cook University (JCU), Universiteit Leiden, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux du Gabon (ANPN), Harvard University, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, INCREASES, ALPHA-DIVERSITY, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biome, Biodiversity, COMPLEMENTARITY, forêt tropicale, Forests, 01 natural sciences, AMAZONIAN FORESTS, Tropic Climate, biodiversité, biomasse aérienne des arbres, conservation des forêts, Tropical climate, stockage du carbone, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, PRODUCTIVITY, Agroforestry, Ecology, Plants, PE&RC, Classification, Tropical ecology, Chemistry, séquestration du carbone, biome, diversité variétale, protection de la forêt, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS, tropical forest, Asia, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, TREE ALPHA-DIVERSITY, forêt amazonienne, CONSERVATION, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Ecology and Environment, Phénomènes atmosphériques, Forest ecology, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, AFRICAN RAIN-FORESTS, WOOD PRODUCTION, BIODIVERSITY, CLIMATE, K70 - Dégâts causés aux forêts et leur protection, atténuation des effets du changement climatique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Western Hemisphere, TREE SPECIES RICHNESS, Tropics, Plant, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Carbon, biodiversité forestière, DOMINANCE, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Africa, Alpha diversity, Americas, structure de la canopée
Abstract: Tropical forests are global centres of biodiversity and carbon storage. Many tropical countries aspire to protect forest to fulfil biodiversity and climate mitigation policy targets, but the conservation strategies needed to achieve these two functions depend critically on the tropical forest tree diversity-carbon storage relationship. Assessing this relationship is challenging due to the scarcity of inventories where carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and species identifications have been simultaneously and robustly quantified. Here, we compile a unique pan-Tropical dataset of 360 plots located in structurally intact old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised methods, allowing a multi-scale evaluation of diversity-carbon relationships in tropical forests. Diversity-carbon relationships among all plots at 1 ha scale across the tropics are absent, and within continents are either weak (Asia) or absent (Amazonia, Africa). A weak positive relationship is detectable within 1 ha plots, indicating that diversity effects in tropical forests may be scale dependent. The absence of clear diversity-carbon relationships at scales relevant to conservation planning means that carbon-centred conservation strategies will inevitably miss many high diversity ecosystems. As tropical forests can have any combination of tree diversity and carbon stocks both require explicit consideration when optimising policies to manage tropical carbon and biodiversity., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2017
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46. Astroviruses in bats, Madagascar

Author: Lebarbenchon, Camille, Ramasindrazana, Beza, Joffrin, Léa, Bos, Sandra, Lagadec, Erwan, Le Minter, Gildas, Gomard, Yann, Tortosa, Pablo, Wilkinson, David A, Goodman, Steven M, Mavingui, Patrick, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: bats, astroviruses, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Astroviridae Infections, Chiroptera, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Madagascar, Animals, Astroviridae, Letter to the Editor, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Phylogeny
Abstract: International audience; Dear Editor, Astroviruses (AstVs) (family Astroviridae) are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect a large diversity of mammalian and avian species. 1 In humans, eight serotypes have been described worldwide, accounting for 2%–9% of all acute non-bacterial gastro-enteritis cases in children. 2 AstVs have been detected from over 80 non-human host species, including a large diversity of bat species in Asia, Europe and Africa, 3 and recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that the long-term evolution of AstVs is determined by frequent cross-species transmission events. 4,5 During the past decade, numerous AstVs with potential zoonotic transmission have been described, highlighting the need for improved knowledge on their biology to prevent future health threats. 2 Bats are recognized as a major reservoir of infectious agents. Madagascar shelters over 46 bat species, of which nearly 80% are endemic, occupying different types of day roosts, including natural and synanthropic sites. Recent investigations have shown that the compositions of Malagasy bat species assemblages are correlated with factors associated with the diversity and transmission of infectious agents, such as paramyxoviruses and Leptospira. 6,7 The detection of new Betacoronaviruses in endemic Malagasy fruit bats also underlined the urgent need to better understand bat-associated infectious agents, and thus assess the potential for spillover to human populations in this major biodiversity hotspot. 8
Published: 2017
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47. Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination XI: Identification and elemental analysis of impact craters on Al foils from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector

Author: Brit Hvide, Veerle Sterken, Akira Tsuchiyama, Larry R. Nittler, Carlton Allen, Mark C. Price, Zack Gainsforth, Mark J. Burchell, Laurence Lemelle, Kate Schreiber, Jan Leitner, Philipp R. Heck, Nabil Bassim, Asna Ansari, Michael E. Zolensky, Rhonda M. Stroud, Paul G. Kotula, Andrew M. Davis, Scott A. Sandford, Anna L. Butterworth, Thomas Stephan, Frank Postberg, Mario Trieloff, Eberhard Grün, Christine Floss, Vicente A. Solé, Hugues Leroux, Ryan Doll, Barry Lai, Donald E. Brownlee, Janet Borg, Joshua Von Korff, Hitesh Changela, Peter Tsou, Saša Bajt, Andrew J. Westphal, John Bridges, Anton T. Kearsley, Bart Vekemans, Ralf Srama, D. Frank, Sylvia Schmitz, R. Bastien, Alexandre Simionovici, R. Lettieri, Hans A. Bechtel, Laszlo Vincze, Frank E. Brenker, Tom Schoonjans, David Anderson, Joachim Huth, Steven Sutton, Peter Hoppe, Wei Jia Ong, Ashley J. King, Manfred Burghammer, Julien Stodolna, Ariel Leonard, George J. Flynn, Peter Cloetens, Geert Silversmit, William Marchant, Juan-Angel Sans Tresseras, Tolek Tyliszczak, Daniel Zevin, Ryan C. Ogliore, Jon K. Hillier, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of Leicester, University of Mary Washington, University of Kent [Canterbury], European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), The George Washington University (GW), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), State University of New York at Plattsburgh (SUNY Plattsburgh), State University of New York (SUNY), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Sandia National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Institution for Science, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik [TU, Braunschweig], Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], University of Stuttgart, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Osaka University [Osaka], National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)NNH11AQ61INNX09AC36G, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
Subjects: Scanning electron microscope, FEATURES, COMET 81P/WILD 2, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Interplanetary dust cloud, Impact crater, 0103 physical sciences, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, MISSION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cosmic dust, Auger electron spectroscopy, TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, ALUMINUM FOILS, AEROGEL, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Elemental analysis, RESIDUES, Hypervelocity, MORPHOLOGY, MATTER
Abstract: International audience; The Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination team analyzed thirteen Al foils from the NASA Stardust interstellar collector tray in order to locate candidate interstellar dust (ISD) grain impacts. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images reveal that the foils possess abundant impact crater and crater-like features. Elemental analyses of the crater features, with Auger electron spectroscopy, SEM-based energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscope-based EDX spectroscopy, demonstrate that the majority are either the result of impacting debris fragments from the spacecraft solar panels, or intrinsic defects in the foil. The elemental analyses also reveal that four craters contain residues of a definite extraterrestrial origin, either as interplanetary dust particles or ISD particles. These four craters are designated level 2 interstellar candidates, based on the crater shapes indicative of hypervelocity impacts and the residue compositions inconsistent with spacecraft debris.
Published: 2013
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48. Review of West Nile virus circulation and outbreak risk in Madagascar: Entomological and ornithological perspectives

Author: Steven M. Goodman, Tsirinaina Rakotondranaivo, Sébastien Boyer, Michaël Luciano Tantely, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], and We are grateful to the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar for their support of the research associated with the data presented here.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, Review Article, medicine.disease_cause, Mosquitoes, MESH: Bird Diseases, Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Madagascar, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, MESH: Animals, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Bird Diseases, Ecology, Transmission (medicine), virus diseases, MESH: Animal Migration, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Migratory birds, MESH: Birds, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, Ornithology, West Nile virus, Vector status, Veterinary (miscellaneous), 030231 tropical medicine, Mosquito Vectors, Biology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Madagascar, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Epizootic, MESH: West Nile virus, MESH: West Nile Fever, MESH: Humans, Outbreak, Species diversity, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Insect Science, Vector (epidemiology), Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Animal Migration, West Nile Fever
Abstract: International audience; West Nile fever (WNF) is a zoonotic disease, occurring nearly globally. In Madagascar, West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in 1978 from wild birds and the virus is currently distributed across the island, but no epidemic or epizootic period has been recorded. One fatal human case of WNV infection was reported in 2011, suggesting a ''tip of the iceberg'' phenomenon of a possible WNF epidemic/epizootic on the island. The main objective of this literature-based survey is to review patterns of WNV circulation in Madagascar from the entomological and ornithological points of view. Among the 235 mosquito species described from Madagascar, 29 species are widely associated with WNV infection; 16 of them are found naturally infected with WNV on the island and categorized into major, candidate, and potential vectors of WNV according to their vector capacity. This study upholds the hypothesis that WNV enzooticity is independent of annual movements of migratory birds passing through Madagascar. Moreover, the lack of regular migratory bird flux between Africa and Madagascar would reduce the probability of transmission and the subsequent reintroduction of the virus into locally occurring mosquito species. Given that Palearctic migratory birds are strongly implicated in the transmission of WNV, we highlight notable differences in the movements and species diversity of these birds in Madagascar as compared to eastern and northern Africa. Risk factors from this two-pronged approach are presented for the emergence of WNF outbreak.; La Fièvre du Nil Occidental (FNO) est une zoonose qui sévit presque partout dans le monde. À Madagascar, la première détection du Virus du Nil Occidental (VNO) remonte à 1978 chez des oiseaux sauvages et le virus est actuellement réparti à travers l’île, mais aucune période épidémique ni épizootique n’a été signalée. Un cas mortel associé à l’infection par le VNO signalé en 2011 suggère une « pointe de l’iceberg » d’une possible épidémie ou épizootie dans l’île. L’objectif principal de cette revue basée sur la littérature est d’examiner du point de vue entomologique et ornithologique la circulation du VNO à Madagascar. Parmi les 235 espèces de moustiques répertoriées à Madagascar, 29 espèces sont déjà associées au VNO ; 16 d’entre elles ont été trouvées naturellement infectées par le VNO et peuvent être groupées en vecteurs majeurs, candidats et potentiels selon leurs capacités vectorielles. Cette étude rapporte une circulation enzootique du VNO, indépendante des mouvements annuels des oiseaux migrateurs qui passent par Madagascar. De plus, l’absence de flux régulier d’oiseaux migrateurs entre l’Afrique et Madagascar réduirait la probabilité de la transmission et la réintroduction du VNO chez les espèces de moustiques présentes localement. Étant donné que les oiseaux migrateurs paléarctiques sont fortement impliqués dans la transmission du VNO, nous mettons en évidence des différences notables dans les mouvements et la diversité des espèces de ces oiseaux à Madagascar par rapport à l’Afrique de l’Est et du Nord. Les facteurs de risque de cette approche à deux volets sont présentés pour l’émergence d’épidémie de FNO.
Published: 2016
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49. Insight into the global evolution of Rodentia associated Morbilli-related paramyxoviruses

Author: Jihene Bettaieb, Mohamed Ali Snoussi, Dhafer Laouini, Afif Ben Salah, Steven M. Goodman, Adel Gharbi, Hervé Pascalis, Wissem Ghawar, Julien Mélade, Koussay Dellagi, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Université de La Réunion (UR), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien (CYROI), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Laboratoire de Transmission, Contrôle et Immunobiologie des Infections - Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infection (LR11IPT02), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Pasteur Tunis, Institut
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Paramyxoviridae, Rodent, Science, Zoology, Rodentia, Virus, Article, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Negative selection, Viral Proteins, Phylogenetics, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, biology.animal, Animals, Phylogeny, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Multidisciplinary, Paramyxoviridae Infections, biology, Host (biology), Bayes Theorem, biology.organism_classification, Commensalism, Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Biological dispersal, Medicine
Abstract: One portion of the family Paramyxoviridae is a group of Unclassified Morbilli-Related Viruses (UMRV) recently recognized in wild small mammals. At a global level, the evolutionary history of these viruses is not properly understood and the relationships between UMRV and their hosts still remain largely unstudied. The present study revealed, for the first time, that Rodentia associated UMRV emerged from a common ancestor in southern Africa more than 4000 years ago. Sequenced UMRV originating from different regions in the world, clustered into four well-supported viral lineages, which suggest that strain diversification occurred during host dispersal and associated exchanges, with purifying selection pressure as the principal evolutionary force. In addition, multi-introductions on different continents and islands of Rodentia associated UMRV and spillover between rodent species, most probably Rattus rattus, were detected and indicate that these animals are implicated in the vectoring and in the worldwide emergence of this virus group. The natural history and the evolution dynamics of these zoonotic viruses, originating from and hosted by wild animals, are most likely shaped by commensalism related to human activities.
Published: 2016
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50. Malagasy bats shelter a considerable genetic diversity of pathogenic Leptospira suggesting notable host-specificity patterns

Author: Muriel Dietrich, Yann Gomard, Erwan Lagadec, Steven M. Goodman, Pablo Tortosa, Beza Ramasindrazana, Koussay Dellagi, Nicolas Wieseke, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Université de La Réunion (UR), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Parallel Computing and Complex Systems Group. Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science. University of Leipzig, Parallel computing and complex systems group, Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], and Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Genotype, Ecology (disciplines), 030231 tropical medicine, Molecular Sequence Data, Zoology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Host Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, host-parasite association, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Leptospira, Chiroptera, medicine, Madagascar, Animals, Humans, Leptospirosis, Endemism, Phylogeny, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Genetic diversity, Ecology, biology, Host (biology), Zoonosis, Genetic Variation, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, co-phylogeny, host-specificity, Host specificity, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Pathogenic Leptospira are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a disease of global concern with major impact in tropical regions. Despite the importance of this zoonosis for human health, the evolutionary and ecological drivers shaping bacterial communities in host reservoirs remain poorly investigated. Here, we describe Leptospira communities hosted by Malagasy bats, composed of mostly endemic species, in order to characterize host-pathogen associations and investigate their evolutionary histories. We screened 947 individual bats (representing 31 species, 18 genera and seven families) for Leptospira infection and subsequently genotyped positive samples using three different bacterial loci. Molecular identification showed that these Leptospira are notably diverse and include several distinct lineages mostly belonging to Leptospira borgpetersenii and L. kirschneri. The exploration of the most probable host-pathogen evolutionary scenarios suggests that bacterial genetic diversity results from a combination of events related to the ecology and the evolutionary history of their hosts. Importantly, based on the data set presented herein, the notable host-specificity we have uncovered, together with a lack of geographical structuration of bacterial genetic diversity, indicates that the Leptospira community at a given site depends on the co-occurring bat species assemblage. The implications of such tight host-specificity on the epidemiology of leptospirosis are discussed.
Published: 2016
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