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1. How to use human biomonitoring in chemical risk assessment: Methodological aspects, recommendations, and lessons learned from HBM4EU

Author

Tiina Santonen, Selma Mahiout, Paula Alvito, Petra Apel, Jos Bessems, Wieneke Bil, Teresa Borges, Stephan Bose-O'Reilly, Jurgen Buekers, Ana Isabel Cañas Portilla, Argelia Castaño Calvo, Mercedes de Alba González, Noelia Domínguez-Morueco, Marta Esteban López, Ingrid Falnoga, Antje Gerofke, María del Carmen González Caballero, Milena Horvat, Pasi Huuskonen, Normunds Kadikis, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Rosa Lange, Henriqueta Louro, Carla Martins, Matthieu Meslin, Lars Niemann, Susana Pedraza Díaz, Veronika Plichta, Simo P. Porras, Christophe Rousselle, Bernice Scholten, Maria João Silva, Zdenka Šlejkovec, Janja Snoj Tratnik, Agnes Šömen Joksić, Jose V. Tarazona, Maria Uhl, An Van Nieuwenhuyse, Susana Viegas, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Marjolijn Woutersen, Greet Schoeters, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies [Aveiro] (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Directorate-General of Health [Lisbonne], Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology [Tirol] (UMIT), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Health Inspectorate (VI), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment [Berlin] (BfR), Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), TNO Centre for Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), National Institute of Public Health ( NIJZ), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria, Laboratoire National de Santé [Luxembourg] (LNS), National Food Institute [Kongens Lyngby, Danemark], Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), University of Antwerp (UA), and European Project: 733032,H2020,HBM4EU(2017)

Subjects
HBM4EU, MESH: Humans, Environmental burden of disease, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Exposure biomarkers, MESH: Risk Assessment, Human biomonitoring, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, MESH: Biological Monitoring, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Human medicine, Chemicals, MESH: Mercury, MESH: Policy, MESH: Environmental Monitoring, Risk assessment
Abstract

International audience; One of the aims of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative, HBM4EU, was to provide examples of and good practices for the effective use of human biomonitoring (HBM) data in human health risk assessment (RA). The need for such information is pressing, as previous research has indicated that regulatory risk assessors generally lack knowledge and experience of the use of HBM data in RA. By recognising this gap in expertise, as well as the added value of incorporating HBM data into RA, this paper aims to support the integration of HBM into regulatory RA. Based on the work of the HBM4EU, we provide examples of different approaches to including HBM in RA and in estimations of the environmental burden of disease (EBoD), the benefits and pitfalls involved, information on the important methodological aspects to consider, and recommendations on how to overcome obstacles. The examples are derived from RAs or EBoD estimations made under the HBM4EU for the following HBM4EU priority substances: acrylamide, o-toluidine of the aniline family, aprotic solvents, arsenic, bisphenols, cadmium, diisocyanates, flame retardants, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], lead, mercury, mixture of per-/poly-fluorinated compounds, mixture of pesticides, mixture of phthalates, mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the UV-filter benzophenone-3. Although the RA and EBoD work presented here is not intended to have direct regulatory implications, the results can be useful for raising awareness of possibly needed policy actions, as newly generated HBM data from HBM4EU on the current exposure of the EU population has been used in many RAs and EBoD estimations.

Published
2023

2. Blueprint for the Development and Sustainability of National Nanosafety Centers

Author

Wouter Fransman, Neeraj Shandilya, Effie Marcoulaki, Sven Vercauteren, Anna-Kaisa Viitanen, Eric Johansson Salazar-Sandoval, Hilda Witters, Christophe Bressot, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek [Mol] (VITO), Research Institutes of Sweden, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)

Subjects
STAKEHOLDER CONCERNS, medicine.medical_specialty, Civil society, Organizational architecture, Sociology and Political Science, 02 engineering and technology, SUSTAINABILITY, History and Philosophy of Science, Blueprint, ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS, Management of Technology and Innovation, Political science, 0502 economics and business, medicine, Philosophy of technology, business.industry, Public health, 05 social sciences, Stakeholder, Public relations, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Philosophy, Work (electrical), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN, NANOSAFETY CENTER, 0210 nano-technology, business, 050203 business & management, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

This work presents a blueprint or set of guidelines for the planning and development of sustainable national centers dealing with the safety of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies toward public health and environment. The blueprint was developed following a methodological approach of EU-wide online survey and workshop with several stakeholders. The purpose was to identify the key elements and challenges in the development and sustainability of a national nanosafety center. The responses were received from representatives of 16 national nanosafety centers across Europe and 44 people from 18 EU member states who represented the stakeholder groups of researchers, academics, industry, regulators, civil society, and consultants. By providing an overview of the organizational design of existing national nanosafety centers across EU and converging demands in the field of nanosafety, the blueprint principally benefits those EU member states who do not have a national nanosafety center, but intend to develop an entity to manage the human health, environmental, ethical, and social concerns/risks toward the growing nationwide activities on engineered nanomaterials, e.g., their production, use or disposal, at national level.

Published
2020

3. Blueprint for a self-sustained European Centre for service provision in safe and sustainable innovation for nanotechnology

Author

Keld Alstrup Jensen, Petru Niga, Anthony Bochon, Marika Pilou, Ian Cotgreave, Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba, Jesús M. Lopez de Ipiña, Hilda Witters, Emeric Frejafon, Gareth Evans, Iseult Lynch, Martin Himly, Valeria Dulio, Jacques Bouillard, Valentin Kunz, Mark Geppert, Birgit van Duuren-Stuurman, Simona Scalbi, Delphine Bard, Wolfgang E. S. Unger, Olivier Aguerre-Chariol, Maria I. Gini, Albert Duschl, Alfonso Arevalillo, Neeraj Shandilya, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Bastien Caillard, Sven Vercauteren, Effie Marcoulaki, Anna Kaisa Viitanen, Karin Persson, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), University of Salzburg, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Health & Safety Executive Science and Research Centre, The National Research Center for Work Environment [Copenhagen, Denmark], Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), European Virtual Institute for Integrated Risk Management, and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)

Subjects
Safe(r)-by-design, European Centre, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Nanotechnology, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Nanosafety, Safe innovation, 01 natural sciences, Risk Assessment, 12. Responsible consumption, Blueprint, EC4SafeNano project, Industry, Catalogue of services, Business plan, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Service (business), 9. Industry and infrastructure, Corporate governance, Risk governance, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Stakeholder, Nanomaterial, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanostructures, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, Business, Nano-enabled product, 0210 nano-technology, Nanoprocess, Safety Research
Abstract

International audience; The coming years are expected to bring rapid changes in the nanotechnology regulatory landscape, with the establishment of a new framework for nano-risk governance, in silico approaches for characterisation and risk assessment of nanomaterials, and novel procedures for the early identification and management of nanomaterial risks. In this context, Safe(r)-by-Design (SbD) emerges as a powerful preventive approach to support the development of safe and sustainable (SSbD) nanotechnology-based products and processes throughout the life cycle. This paper summarises the work undertaken to develop a blueprint for the deployment and operation of a permanent European Centre of collaborating laboratories and research organisations supporting safe innovation in nanotechnologies. The proposed entity, referred to as “the Centre”, will establish a ‘one-stop shop’ for nanosafety-related services and a central contact point for addressing stakeholder questions about nanosafety. Its operation will rely on significant business, legal and market knowledge, as well as other tools developed and acquired through the EU-funded EC4SafeNano project and subsequent ongoing activities. The proposed blueprint adopts a demand-driven service update scheme to allow the necessary vigilance and flexibility to identify opportunities and adjust its activities and services in the rapidly evolving regulatory and nano risk governance landscape. The proposed Centre will play a major role as a conduit to transfer scientific knowledge between the research and commercial laboratories or consultants able to provide high quality nanosafety services, and the end-users of such services (e.g., industry, SMEs, consultancy firms, and regulatory authorities). The Centre will harmonise service provision, and bring novel risk assessment and management approaches, e.g. in silico methodologies, closer to practice, notably through SbD/SSbD, and decisively support safe and sustainable innovation of industrial production in the nanotechnology industry according to the European Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability.

Published
2021

4. Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production

Author

Fonseca, Ana Sofia, Koponen, Ismo Kalevi, Vázquez-Campos, Socorro, Østerskov Jensen, Alexander Christian, Hjortkjær Nielsen, Signe, Clausen, Per Axel, Xuan Nguyen Larsen, Bianca, Alstrup Jensen, Keld, Fonseca, Ana, Viitanen, Anna-Kaisa, Kanerva, Tomi, Säämänen, Arto, Aguerre-Chariol, Olivier, Fable, Sebastien, Dermigny, Adrien, Karoski, Nicolas, Fraboulet, Isaline, Koponen, Ismo, Delpivo, Camilla, Vilchez Villalba, Alejandro, Vázquez-Camp, Socorro, Christian, Alexander, Jensen, Østerskov, Nielsen, Signe, Sahlgren, Nicklas, Clausen, Axel, Nguyen Larsen, Bianc, Kofoed-Sørensen, Vivi, Jensen, Keld, Koivisto, Joonas, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Force Technology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), LEITAT Technol Ctr, LEITAT, and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)

Subjects
Fable, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Koponen, lcsh:Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, I, 01 natural sciences, Säämänen, A, Karoski, Adverse health effect, Paint, Viitanen, Titanium, Inhalation Exposure, Fraboulet, Workplace air, T, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, Aguerre-Chariol, Occupational exposure, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Dilution, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Powder handling, Environmental release, Environmental Monitoring, S, Particle emissions, et al. Occupational paint industry, Air Pollutants, Occupational, Raw material, Airborne particle, A.-K, O, Article, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Fonseca, Paint industry, Exposure determinants, Particle Size, Tem analysis, Dermigny, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, A.S, I.K, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, N, Kanerva, 13. Climate action, Particle, Environmental science
Abstract

Pulmonary exposure to micro- and nanoscaled particles has been widely linked to adverse health effects and high concentrations of respirable particles are expected to occur within and around many industrial settings. In this study, a field-measurement campaign was performed at an industrial manufacturer, during the production of paints. Spatial and personal measurements were conducted and results were used to estimate the mass flows in the facility and the airborne particle release to the outdoor environment. Airborne particle number concentration (1 &times, 103&ndash, 1.0 &times, 104 cm&minus, 3), respirable mass (0.06&ndash, 0.6 mg m&minus, 3), and PM10 (0.3&ndash, 6.5 mg m&minus, 3) were measured during pouring activities. In overall, emissions from pouring activities were found to be dominated by coarser particles &gt, 300 nm. Even though the raw materials were not identified as nanomaterials by the manufacturers, handling of TiO2 and clays resulted in release of nanometric particles to both workplace air and outdoor environment, which was confirmed by TEM analysis of indoor and stack emission samples. During the measurement period, none of the existing exposure limits in force were exceeded. Particle release to the outdoor environment varied from 6 to 20 g ton&minus, 1 at concentrations between 0.6 and 9.7 mg m&minus, 3 of total suspended dust depending on the powder. The estimated release of TiO2 to outdoors was 0.9 kg per year. Particle release to the environment is not expected to cause any major impact due to atmospheric dilution

Published
2021

5. Sinonasal cancer

Author

Kirsti Husgafvel-Pursiainen, Matthieu Carton, Danièle Luce, C. Henrik J. Wolff, Reetta Holmila, Vivi Schlünssen, Jette Bornholdt, Johnni Hansen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Institut Curie [Paris], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular markers, Wood dust exposure, 030210 environmental & occupational health, 3. Good health, Sinonasal cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Pathology, Genotoxicity, Mechanisms of carcinogenesis, Occupational factors, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience; Sinonasal cancer, the cancer of the nose and paranasal cavities, is rare with an incidence below 2/100,000 person-year; the incidence is lowest among women and with distinct differences between countries. These variations in incidence are mostly explained by differences in occupational exposure, in particular exposure to wood dust, which is by far the major risk factor. This chapter gives an overview of epidemiological studies on sinonasal cancer dealing with epidemiological evidence for various occupational risk factors, exposure characteristics, tumor pathology, findings from experimental and human studies contributing to understanding of cancer mechanisms, and, finally, with molecular alterations observed in sinonasal cancer tissue available as potential molecular markers. The main studies and their findings as well as the principal pathological features of sinonasal tumors are summarized in tables and exemplified in illustrations. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Published
2020

6. Scientific basis of ISO standards on biomechanical risk factors

Author

Alex Burdorf, David Rempel, Maggie Graf, Jim R. Potvin, Alexis Descatha, William S. Marras, Seichi Horie, Jos Verbeek, Andrea Farioli, Francesco Saverio Violante, Giovanna Spatari, Esa Pekka Takala, Thomas J. Armstrong, Faraldo, Beatrice, University of Michigan Medical School [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Work and Health Division of Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] (UEOH), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of Messina, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Paris (UP), University of Bologna, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, University of California [Berkeley], DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE MEDICHE E CHIRURGICHE, Facolta' di MEDICINA e CHIRURGIA, and Public Health

Subjects
ISO, ergonomics, risk assessment, exposure assessment, Occupational Exposures, Biomechanical risk factors, Value (ethics), Evidence-based practice, Process (engineering), education, Iso standards, biomechanical risk factor, Occupational safety and health, iso standard, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Accidents, Occupational, Humans, biomechanical, 030212 general & internal medicine, Occupational Health, Risk assessment, Prevention, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Risk factor (computing), 030210 environmental & occupational health, 3. Good health, Occupational Diseases, risk factor, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Professional association, Engineering ethics, Public Health, Business, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

none 13 si Among other purposes, companies and regulatory agencies from around the world often adopt International Standard Organization (ISO) standards to determine acceptable practices, equipment and criteria for preventing occupational injuries and illnesses. ISO standards are based on a consensus among individuals who participate in the process. This discussion paper examines the scientific process for the development of several ISO standards on biomechanical factors, comparing it with processes used by other professional organizations, including scientific committees working on the development of clinical guidelines. While the ISO process has value, it also has clear limitations when it comes to developing occupational health and safety standards that should be based on scientific principles. open Armstrong, Tom J; Burdorf, Alex; Descatha, Alexis; Farioli, Andrea; Graf, Maggie; Horie, Seichi; Marras, William S; Potvin, Jim R; Rempel, David; Spatari, Giovanna; Takala, Esa-Pekka; Verbeek, Jos; Violante, Francesco S Armstrong, Tom J; Burdorf, Alex; Descatha, Alexis; Farioli, Andrea; Graf, Maggie; Horie, Seichi; Marras, William S; Potvin, Jim R; Rempel, David; Spatari, Giovanna; Takala, Esa-Pekka; Verbeek, Jos; Violante, Francesco S

Published
2018

7. Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Author

Lassale, Camille, Batty, G David, Baghdadli, Amaria, Jacka, Felice, Sánchez-Villegas, Almudena, Kivimaki, Mika, Akbaraly, Tasnime, Batty, G. David, Biomarkers Research, Imperial College School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia, Deakin University [Burwood], University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIBER OBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Imperial College London, and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Physiology, Depression, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health Status, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Review Article, Nutrients, Middle Aged, Diet, Mediterranean, Diet, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Hypertension, Humans, Female, Aged, Diet Therapy
Abstract

International audience; With depression being the psychiatric disorder incurring the largest societal costs in developed countries, there is a need to gather evidence on the role of nutrition in depression, to help develop recommendations and guide future psychiatric health care. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the link between diet quality, measured using a range of predefined indices, and depressive outcomes. Medline, Embase and PsychInfo were searched up to 31st May 2018 for studies that examined adherence to a healthy diet in relation to depressive symptoms or clinical depression. Where possible, estimates were pooled using random effect meta-analysis with stratification by observational study design and dietary score. A total of 20 longitudinal and 21 cross-sectional studies were included. These studies utilized an array of dietary measures, including: different measures of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Alternative HEI (AHEI), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index. The most compelling evidence was found for the Mediterranean diet and incident depression, with a combined relative risk estimate of highest vs. lowest adherence category from four longitudinal studies of 0.67 (95% CI 0.55-0.82). A lower Dietary Inflammatory Index was also associated with lower depression incidence in four longitudinal studies (relative risk 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63-0.92). There were fewer longitudinal studies using other indices, but they and cross-sectional evidence also suggest an inverse association between healthy diet and depression (e.g., relative risk 0.65; 95% CI 0.50-0.84 for HEI/AHEI). To conclude, adhering to a healthy diet, in particular a traditional Mediterranean diet, or avoiding a pro-inflammatory diet appears to confer some protection against depression in observational studies. This provides a reasonable evidence base to assess the role of dietary interventions to prevent depression. This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under the number CRD42017080579.

Published
2019

8. Associations between long-term adherence to healthy diet and recurrent depressive symptoms in Whitehall II Study

Author

Jean-Michel Verdier, Tasnime N. Akbaraly, Daisy Recchia, Camille Lassale, Eric J. Brunner, Amaria Baghdadli, Mika Kivimäki, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Biomarkers Research, Imperial College School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Medicine (miscellaneous), Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Lower risk, Odds, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, Internal medicine, Dash, Humans, Medicine, Transformed Mediterranean Diet Score, Prospective cohort study, Depressive symptoms, 2. Zero hunger, Depressive Disorder, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietary indices, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, business.industry, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Original Contribution, Middle Aged, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Healthy diet, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, United Kingdom, 3. Good health, Dietary history, Patient Compliance, Female, Diet, Healthy, business
Abstract

Purpose We examined whether long-term adherence to three diet quality scores—the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and transformed-Mediterranean Diet Score (tMDS), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is associated with the risk of recurrent depressive symptoms. Methods Analyses were conducted on a sample of 4949 men and women from the Whitehall II study. Diet scores were calculated using data collected from food frequency questionnaires repeated over 11 years of exposure (1991/1993–2002/2004). Recurrence of depressive symptoms was defined when participants reported at least two episodes of depressive symptoms (assessed by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and use of antidepressants) over the four phases of follow-up (2002/04–2015/16). Results After adjustment for potential cofounders, higher scores on AHEI-2010, DASH and tMDS at the end of the exposure period were associated with lower risk of recurrent depressive symptoms over the 13-year follow-up. Repeat measures of dietary history showed that participants who maintained a high AHEI-2010 score over the 11-year exposure period had a 19% (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.65–1.00) lower odds of recurrent depressive symptoms compared to those who maintained a low AHEI score. Participants whose AHEI-2010 score decreased over time had a 1.34-fold increased odds (95% CI 1.02–1.75) of developing recurrent depressive symptoms compared to those maintaining a high AHEI-2010. No robust associations were observed for long-term tMDS and DASH. Conclusion Our findings suggest that long-term adherence to healthy diet defined by Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 confers protection against recurrent depressive symptoms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-01964-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2019

9. Human biomonitoring in health risk assessment in Europe: Current practices and recommendations for the future

Author

Louro, Henriqueta, Heinälä, Milla, Bessems, Jos, Buekers, Jurgen, Vermeire, Theo, Woutersen, Marjolijn, van Engelen, Jacqueline, Borges, Teresa, Rousselle, Christophe, Ougier, Eva, Alvito, Paula, Martins, Carla, Assunção, Ricardo, Silva, Maria João, Pronk, Anjoeka, Schaddelee-Scholten, Bernice, Del Carmen Gonzalez, Maria, de Alba, Mercedes, Castaño, Argelia, Viegas, Susana, Humar-Juric, Tatjana, Kononenko, Lijana, Lampen, Alfonso, Vinggaard, Anne Marie, Schoeters, Greet, Kolossa-Gehring, Marike, Santonen, Tiina, Silva, Maria, Vinggaard, Anne, Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centro de Estudos do Ambiante e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude de Lisboa, Chemicals Office of the Republic of Slovenia, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment [Berlin] (BfR), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), European Project: 733032,H2020,HBM4EU(2017), European Union, and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Subjects
HBM4EU, 010501 environmental sciences, MESH: Risk Assessment, 01 natural sciences, Internal exposure, Occupational safety and health, MESH: World Health Organization, 0302 clinical medicine, Biomonitoring, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk assessment, education.field_of_study, 3. Good health, Risk regulation, Europe, Human biomonitoring, MESH: Environmental Pollutants, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Environmental Pollutants, Public Health, Chemicals, Biological Monitoring, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, MESH: Environmental Exposure, ChemicalsInternal exposure, World Health Organization, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Humans, Health risk assessment, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental Exposure, Food safety, Segurança Alimentar, 13. Climate action, MESH: Biological Monitoring, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, Genotoxicidade Ambiental, business, Forecasting
Abstract

Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an important tool to survey the internal exposure of humans which represents the real life chemical body burden to chemicals and/or their metabolites. It results from total exposure to chemical substances from different sources and via different routes. These substances may be regulated under different legislative frameworks on chemicals (e.g., environmental, occupational, food safety etc). In occupational health, HBM has long traditions to control the exposures at workplaces. By providing accurate data on internal exposure, HBM data can improve human health risk assessment (RA) for both the general population and workers. Although the past few years have shown good examples on the use of HBM in the RA of chemicals, there is still quite some work to be done to improve its use in a regulatory RA. Under the scope of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (project HBM4EU, 2017-2021), the current study reviews the state-of-the-art of HBM use in chemicals RA with a special focus in Europe, and attempts to identify hurdles and challenges faced by regulators. To gather information on the use of HBM, including the availability of guidance on how to use it in RA, the RA schemes applied by different European or international organizations were analysed. Examples of such use were identified for a few selected groups of chemicals of concern for human health. In addition, we present the results of a survey, aimed at collecting information from national regulatory risk assessors on their day-to-day RA practices, the use of HBM data, and the obstacles and challenges related to their use. The results evidenced and explained some of the current obstacles of using HBM data in RA. These included the lack of HBM guidance values or biomonitoring equivalents (BEs), limited toxicokinetic information to support the interpretation of HBM data and, in the occupational health and safety (OSH) field, the lack of legal enforcement. Therefore, to support the integration of HBM in regulatory RA, we recommend, on one hand, the elaboration of a EU level guidance on the use of HBM in RA and, on the other hand, the continuation of research efforts to integrate HBM with new RA approaches using in vitro/in silico data and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 733032 HBM4EU, and received co-funding from the author's organizations. The authors thank to all other participants that contributed to this work. Sí

Published
2019

10. Clinical and molecular practice of European thoracic pathology laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic. The past and the near future

Author

John R. Gosney, G. Troncone, W. Dietmaier, A. De Muret, P. Brest, S.R.Y. Cajal, E. Long-Mira, G. Gorkiewicz, H. Wolff, Lina Carvalho, J. Stojsic, A. Hofman, Izidor Kern, L. Chalabreysse, A. Dema, Cristian Ortiz-Villalón, R. Schiappa, Lukas Bubendorf, S. Garcia, L. Gibault, L. de Leval, M.-C. Copin, Aurélie Cazes, Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus, E. Shaw, M. Antoine, Véronique Hofman, A. Stenzinger, M. Garcia-Martos, M. Evert, V. Nakache, E. Chamorey, S. Savic-Prince, P. Boström, P. Brousset, M. Sajin, S. Lassalle, H. Begueret, Wim Timens, Mark Kriegsmann, Mauro Papotti, Peter Schirmacher, M.-P. Chenard, M. Barberis, V. Thomas de Montpreville, J. Meilleroux, P. Delongova, M. Ilié, C. Bonnetaud, C. Werlein, Keith M. Kerr, J.-F. Côté, A. Mamilos, A. Lupo, Patrick Pauwels, Frédérique Penault-Llorca, I. Serre, N. Poté, C.-H. Marquette, Paul Hofman, J.-C. Sabourin, J.-P. Berthet, Giuseppe Pelosi, A. Foulet, D. Damotte, D. Sizaret, Fabien Forest, Erik Thunnissen, A. Panizo, L. Panico, O. Pop, G. Cathomas, M. Kossai, I. Salmon, F. Calabrese, F. Bibeau, Aurelie Fabre, R. Matěj, J. Benzaquen, Danny Jonigk, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), FHU OncoAge - Pathologies liées à l’âge [CHU Nice] (OncoAge), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [UNIV Côte d'Azur] (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Antoine Lacassagne [Nice] (UNICANCER/CAL), UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), European Institute of Oncology IRCCS [Milan, Italy] (EIO), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Turku University Hospital (TYKS), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Hospital Basel [Basel], University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Kantonsspital Baselland [Bruderholz] (KSBL), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires (PHERE (UMR_S_1152 / U1152)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Groupement Hospitalier Est [Bron], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), CHU Strasbourg, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University of Lausanne (UNIL), University Hospital Ostrava, Centre chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFT), University of Regensburg, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Hôpital Nord AP‐MM Marseille, France (AP‐MM Marseille), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Hospital General Universitario 'Gregorio Marañón' [Madrid], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), University of Graz, Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool-Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, University Clinic Golnik, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), UNICANCER, Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Antwerp (UA), University of Milan, University of Oradea, Romania, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Génomique et Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer et des Maladies Neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Rouen, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila' Bucharest (UMPCD), University Hospital [Essen, Germany], Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Belgrade [Serbia], Institute of Zoology [Serbia], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Groningen [Groningen], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, University of Padova Medical School, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [UNIV Côte d'Azur] (UPMC)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue (CCML), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of Oradea, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [CHU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Institut Català de la Salut, [Hofman P, Ilié M, Nakache V] Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, Louis Pasteur Hospital, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France. [Brest P] Team 4, IRCAN, INSERM, CNRS, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France. [Chamorey E, Schiappa R] Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France. [Cajal SRY] Servei d’Anatomia Patològica, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), COLO, Mouniati, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [UNIV Côte d'Azur] (UPMC), Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Hofman, P., Ilie, M., Chamorey, E., Brest, P., Schiappa, R., Nakache, V., Antoine, M., Barberis, M., Begueret, H., Bibeau, F., Bonnetaud, C., Bostrom, P., Brousset, P., Bubendorf, L., Carvalho, L., Cathomas, G., Cazes, A., Chalabreysse, L., Chenard, M. -P., Copin, M. -C., Cote, J. -F., Damotte, D., de Leval, L., Delongova, P., Thomas de Montpreville, V., de Muret, A., Dema, A., Dietmaier, W., Evert, M., Fabre, A., Forest, F., Foulet, A., Garcia, S., Garcia-Martos, M., Gibault, L., Gorkiewicz, G., Jonigk, D., Gosney, J., Hofman, A., Kern, I., Kerr, K., Kossai, M., Kriegsmann, M., Lassalle, S., Long-Mira, E., Lupo, A., Mamilos, A., Matej, R., Meilleroux, J., Ortiz-Villalon, C., Panico, L., Panizo, A., Papotti, M., Pauwels, P., Pelosi, G., Penault-Llorca, F., Pop, O., Pote, N., Cajal, S. R. Y., Sabourin, J. -C., Salmon, I., Sajin, M., Savic-Prince, S., Schildhaus, H. -U., Schirmacher, P., Serre, I., Shaw, E., Sizaret, D., Stenzinger, A., Stojsic, J., Thunnissen, E., Timens, W., Troncone, G., Werlein, C., Wolff, H., Berthet, J. -P., Benzaquen, J., Marquette, C. -H., Hofman, V., and Calabrese, F.

Subjects
Cancer Research, Pathology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medizin, Disease Outbreaks, varnost, Biosafety, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pandemic, virosis::infecciones por virus ARN::infecciones por Nidovirales::infecciones por Coronaviridae::infecciones por Coronavirus [ENFERMEDADES], Medicine, Pathology, Molecular, COVID-19, activity, biosafety, lung cancer, pathology, biološka varnost, Health Occupations::Medicine::Pathology::Pathology, Clinical [DISCIPLINES AND OCCUPATIONS], Original Research, Biological Specimen Banks, 0303 health sciences, Pathology, Clinical, Molecular pathology, Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections [DISEASES], Workload, Clinical Laboratory Services, Containment of Biohazards, Biobank, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Europe, covid-19, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Thoracic diseases, COVID-19 (Malaltia) - Europa, Laboratoris anatòmics, localizaciones geográficas::Europa (continente) [DENOMINACIONES GEOGRÁFICAS], safety, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), lung neoplasms, pljučni rak, Geographic Locations::Europe [GEOGRAPHICALS], Specimen Handling, 03 medical and health sciences, Thoracic Diseases, udc:616.9, Humans, Pandemics, 030304 developmental biology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, pljučne novotvorbe, profesiones sanitarias::medicina::anatomía patológica::patología clínica [DISCIPLINAS Y OCUPACIONES], patologija, Human medicine, business, Biological Specimen Banks/organization & administration, Biological Specimen Banks/statistics & numerical data, COVID-19/epidemiology, COVID-19/prevention & control, COVID-19/virology, Clinical Laboratory Services/statistics & numerical data, Clinical Laboratory Services/trends, Containment of Biohazards/statistics & numerical data, Europe/epidemiology, Forecasting, Pathology, Clinical/methods, Pathology, Clinical/statistics & numerical data, Pathology, Clinical/trends, Pathology, Molecular/methods, Pathology, Molecular/statistics & numerical data, Pathology, Molecular/trends, SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification, SARS-CoV-2/physiology, Specimen Handling/methods, Specimen Handling/statistics & numerical data, Thoracic Diseases/diagnosis, Thoracic Diseases/therapy
Abstract

Background This study evaluated the consequences in Europe of the COVID-19 outbreak on pathology laboratories orientated toward the diagnosis of thoracic diseases. Materials and methods A survey was sent to 71 pathology laboratories from 21 European countries. The questionnaire requested information concerning the organization of biosafety, the clinical and molecular pathology, the biobanking, the workload, the associated research into COVID-19, and the organization of education and training during the COVID-19 crisis, from 15 March to 31 May 2020, compared with the same period in 2019. Results Questionnaires were returned from 53/71 (75%) laboratories from 18 European countries. The biosafety procedures were heterogeneous. The workload in clinical and molecular pathology decreased dramatically by 31% (range, 3%-55%) and 26% (range, 7%-62%), respectively. According to the professional category, between 28% and 41% of the staff members were not present in the laboratories but did teleworking. A total of 70% of the laboratories developed virtual meetings for the training of residents and junior pathologists. During the period of study, none of the staff members with confirmed COVID-19 became infected as a result of handling samples. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on most of the European pathology laboratories included in this study. Urgent implementation of several changes to the organization of most of these laboratories, notably to better harmonize biosafety procedures, was noted at the onset of the pandemic and maintained in the event of a new wave of infection occurring in Europe., Highlights • Biosafety measures used in the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis were heterogeneous in 53 European pathology laboratories. • A dramatic decrease of the workload in pathology laboratories was noted. • No case of healthcare workers contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 associated with samples handling was identified.

Published
2021

11. Inventory of services for nanosafety assessment and management based on competences, equipment and infrastructure

Author

Hilda Witters, Sven Vercauteren, Birgit Duuren-Stuurman, Effie Marcoulaki, Jenny Rissler, Emeric FREJAFON, Bastien Caillard, Anna-Kaisa Viitanen, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek [Mol] (VITO), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), European Virtual Institute for Integrated Risk Management, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, and Civs, Gestionnaire

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

EC4SafeNano is a 2016-2019 Coordination and Support Action, funded by the European Commission (Grant Agreement No 723623), coordinated by INERIS, and operated together by major European human health and environmental risk institutes with the support of associated partners, gathering stakeholders in the field of Nanotechnologies (regulators, industry, civil society, NGOs, service providers etc.). EC4SafeNano aims to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge on hazard and risk, and ‘fit-for-purpose’ risk management tools and strategies. The main objective of EC4SafeNano will be to develop and promote a harmonized vision of expertise and services in risk assessment and management, to enable the safe development and commercialization of nanotechnology and develop a sustainable structure to deliver these services. In this respect, two work packages were dedicated to gathering information on stakeholder needs and available services, by means of an online survey. Information was collected on the ability to provide technical services for testing and measuring, and/or to perform consultancy and desk top studies. For these services, detailed information on available technical equipment, software tools, methods used and application fields was requested. Alongside specific technical details, the service providers were asked to give a general overview of their current and future offers for nanosafety services by scoring a matrix table. The online survey resulted into 82 responses from 22 countries, including 2 non-European countries. An overview of current types of services demonstrated that testing and measuring and consultancy studies represented the majority of the offered services (each >20% of total), followed by training (12%). Across all the types of services, physicochemical characterization (12.5%), emission studies (6.8%), fate (5.1%), human health hazard studies (5.7%), occupational exposure assessment (8.8%), occupational risk assessment (5.2%), occupational risk management (5.5 %) and risk prevention (5.7%) were the main application fields for nanosafety. The information from service providers will be compared to the inventory of stakeholder needs, as part of a fit and gap analysis in another work package, and provide the basis for a catalogue of services to be offered by the EC4Safenano Centre. We will present the set-up of the survey to create an inventory of the competences and infrastructure of service suppliers, as well as the obtained results.

Published
2018

12. Response to Colombini and Occhipinti

Author

Armstrong, Tom, Burdorf, Alex, Descatha, Alexis, Farioli, Andrea, Graf, Maggie, Horie, Seichi, Marras, William, Potvin, Jim, Rempel, David, Spatari, Giovanna, Takala, Esa-Pekka, Verbeek, Jos, Violante, Francesco, University of Michigan Medical School [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Paris (UP), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], University of Bologna, Work and Health Division of Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] (UEOH), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, University of California [Berkeley], University of Messina, and Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

13. Authors' response: Letter to the Editor concerning OCRA as preferred method in ISO standards on biomechanical risk factors

Author

Thomas J. Armstrong, Andrea Farioli, Alex Burdorf, Jim R. Potvin, Seichi Horie, Alexis Descatha, Jos Verbeek, Maggie Graf, Giovanna Spatari, Esa-Pekka Takala, William S. Marras, Francesco Saverio Violante, David Rempel, University of Michigan Medical School [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Work and Health Division of Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] (UEOH), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of Messina, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Faraldo, Beatrice, Public Health, Armstrong, Tom J., Burdorf, Alex, Descatha, Alexi, Farioli, Andrea, Graf, Maggie, Horie, Seichi, Marras, William S., Potvin, Jim R., Rempel, David, Spatari, Giovanna, Takala, Esa-Pekka, Verbeek, Jo, and Violante, Francesco S.

Subjects
Letter to the editor, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Applied psychology, Reproducibility of Result, Longitudinal Studie, Iso standards, Scientific literature, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Pooled data, Longitudinal Studies, Strain index, Workplace, 050107 human factors, Occupational Health, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Risk Factor, 05 social sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Reproducibility of Results, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

We thank Drs. Colombini and Occhipinti for their personal reply to our Discussion Paper (1, 2). We share the overall goal of preventing workplace injuries and welcome a discussion of the ISO process on workplace ergonomics standards; this was the primary aim of the Discussion Paper. We hope that other members of the relevant ISO working groups will also participate in the discussion. However, Drs. Colombini and Occipinti misinterpret our paper. Our aim was not to “addresses the scientific basis of ISO standards on biomechanical risk factors and more specifically the OCRA methodology”. The purpose was to point out that “while the ISO process has value, it has also clear limitations when it comes to developing occupational health and safety standards that should be based on scientific principles”. It is true that our paper discussed the OCRA method, but only as an example, in a single paragraph. We noted that the OCRA method was promoted as the preferred method by the ISO working group even though there were other risk assessment methods which, at the time (and currently), were at least as scientifically valid (3). The discovery that, while on the ISO working group, Drs. Colombini and Occipinti elevated the risk assessment method that they developed (OCRA) over the other methods, demonstrates one of several limitations of the ISO process, namely, the lack of attention to conflict of interest. Finally, we would like to draw attention to the note by Drs. Colombini and Occhipinti that “the ISO standards in question were actually developed by the working group, as mandated by ISO, over the period 2000‒2004”. This long-elapsed time, without an update to the standard, should be a concern for all scientists given the large quantity of quality scientific literature published since then (eg, 3‒6). Fourteen years is well beyond what is recommended in the ISO guidelines. References 1. Colombini D, Occhipinti E. Scientific basis of the OCRA method for risk assessment of biomechanical overload of the upper limb, as preferred method in ISO standards on biomechanical risk factors. Scand J Work Environ Health ‒ online first. https://doi.org.10.5271/sjweh.3746 2. Armstrong T J, Burdorf I A, Descatha A, Farioli A, Graf M, Horie S, Marras W S, Potvin J R, Rempel D, Spatari G, Takala E P, Verbeek J, Violante FS. Scientific basis of ISO standards on biomechanical risk factors. Scand J Work Environ Health ‒ online first. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3718 3. Takala EP, Pehkonen I, Forsman M, Hansson GA, Mathiassen SE, Neumann WP, Sjogaard G, Veiersted KB, Westgaard RH, Winkel J. Systematic evaluation of observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures at work. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2010;36:3-24. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2876 4. Paulsen R, Gallu T, Gilkey D, Reiser R, Murgia L, Rosecrance J. The inter-rater reliability of Strain Index and OCRA Checklist task assessments in cheese processing. Applied Ergonomics. 2015; 51,199-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2015.04.019 5. Kapellusch JM, Gerr FE, Malloy EJ, Garg A, Harris-Adamson C, Bao SS, Burt SE, Dale AM, Eisen EA, Evanoff BA, Hegmann KT, Silverstein BA, Theise MS, Rempel DM. Exposure-response relationships for the ACGIH threshold limit value for hand-activity level: results from a pooled data study of carpal tunnel syndrome. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2014;40:610-20. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3456 6. Violante FS, Farioli A, Graziosi F, Marinelli F, Curti S, Armstrong TJ, Mattioli S, Bonfiglioli R. Carpal tunnel syndrome and manual work: the OCTOPUS cohort, results of a ten-year longitudinal study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2016;42:280-90. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3566

Published
2018

14. Change in Sleep Duration and Type 2 Diabetes: The Whitehall II Study

Author

Jane E. Ferrie, Meena Kumari, Mika Kivimäki, Martin J. Shipley, George Davey Smith, Adam G. Tabak, Marianna Virtanen, Tasnime N. Akbaraly, Jessica Abell, University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Semmelweis University [Budapest], Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, and University of Essex

Subjects
Adult, Male, Sleep Wake Disorders, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Blood sugar, Type 2 diabetes, Weight Gain, chemistry.chemical_compound, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, London, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Epidemiology/Health Services Research, Glycated Hemoglobin, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Glucose tolerance test, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Fasting, Odds ratio, Glucose Tolerance Test, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, Female, Glycated hemoglobin, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that short and long sleep durations are associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Using successive data waves spanning >20 years, we examined whether a change in sleep duration is associated with incident diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sleep duration was reported at the beginning and end of four 5-year cycles: 1985–1988 to 1991–1994 (n = 5,613), 1991–1994 to 1997–1999 (n = 4,193), 1997–1999 to 2002–2004 (n = 3,840), and 2002–2004 to 2007–2009 (n = 4,195). At each cycle, change in sleep duration was calculated for participants without diabetes. Incident diabetes at the end of the subsequent 5-year period was defined using 1) fasting glucose, 2) 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and 3) glycated hemoglobin, in conjunction with diabetes medication and self-reported doctor diagnosis. RESULTS Compared with the reference group of persistent 7-h sleepers, an increase of ≥2 h sleep per night was associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes (odds ratio 1.65 [95% CI 1.15, 2.37]) in analyses adjusted for age, sex, employment grade, and ethnic group. This association was partially attenuated by adjustment for BMI and change in weight (1.50 [1.04, 2.16]). An increased risk of incident diabetes was also seen in persistent short sleepers (average ≤5.5 h/night; 1.35 [1.04, 1.76]), but this evidence weakened on adjustment for BMI and change in weight (1.25 [0.96, 1.63]). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that individuals whose sleep duration increases are at an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Greater weight and weight gain in this group partly explain the association.

Published
2015

15. A practical guidance for assessments of sedentary behavior at work: A PEROSH initiative

Author

Maria Peñahora García Sanz, Britta Weber, Rolf Ellegast, Svend Erik Mathiassen, Andrew Pinder, María Villar, Kevin Desbrosses, Henrik Enquist, Michael Wichtl, Kaj Bo Veiersted, Michaela Strebl, Andreas Holtermann, Esa-Pekka Takala, Vera Schellewald, Mikael Forsman, Peter Hendriksen, Francesco Draicchio, Marzena Malińska, Tomasz Tokarski, Anne Punakallio, Sirpa Lusa, Nidhi Gupta, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), German Sport University Cologne, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), University College of Gävle, Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL), Health and Safety Laboratory, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI) (STAMI), Istituto Nazionale per l’Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro [Italian Workers Compensation Authority] (INAIL), Lund University [Lund], Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Vandoeuvre lès Nancy) (INRS ( Vandoeuvre lès Nancy)), Spanish National Institute for Safety and Hygiene at Work (INSHT), Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Austrian Workers' Compensation Board (AUVA), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], and German Sport University Cologne [Germany]

Subjects
Decision support system, Engineering, Health Behavior, Applied psychology, Wearable computer, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Human Factors and Ergonomics, Guideline, Sitting, Risk Assessment, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, ta315, Workplace, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Engineering (miscellaneous), Occupational Health, Sedentary lifestyle, Data collection, Sedentary work, business.industry, Wearables, Measurements, ta3142, 030229 sport sciences, Technical, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Sedentary Behavior, Risk assessment, business, Lying, Social psychology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Sedentary behavior is defined as sitting or lying with low energy expenditure. Humans in industrialized societies spend an increasing amount of time in sedentary behaviors every day. This has been associated with detrimental health outcomes. Despite a growing interest in the health effects of sedentary behavior at work, associations remain unclear, plausibly due to poor and diverse methods for assessing sedentary behavior. Thus, good practice guidance for researchers and practitioners on how to assess occupational sedentary behavior are needed. The aim of this paper is to provide a practical guidance for practitioners and researchers on how to assess occupational sedentary behavior. Ambulatory systems for use in field applications (wearables) are a promising approach for sedentary behavior assessment. Many different small-size consumer wearables, with long battery life and high data storage capacity are commercially available today. However, no stand-alone commercial system is able to assess sedentary behavior in accordance with its definition. The present paper offers decision support for practitioners and researchers in selecting wearables and data collection strategies for their purpose of study on sedentary behavior. Valid and reliable assessment of occupational sedentary behavior is currently not easy. Several aspects need to be considered in the decision process on how to assess sedentary behavior. There is a need for development of a cheap and easily useable wearable for assessment of occupational sedentary behavior by researchers and practitioners.

Published
2017

16. Metabolic Syndrome and Symptom Resolution in Depression

Author

Virtanen, Marianna, Ferrie, Jane, Akbaraly, Tasnime, Tabak, Adam, Jokela, Markus, Ebmeier, Klaus, Singh-Manoux, Archana, Kivimaki, Mika, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, School of Social and Community Medicine [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Semmelweis University of Medicine [Budapest], University of Helsinki, Department of Psychiatry [Oxford] (POWIC), University of Oxford [Oxford]-The Warneford Hospital, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE:Although metabolic syndrome is associated with the incidence of depression, little is known about its contribution to the course of depression. We examined whether metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with long-term symptom resolution in older adults with depressive symptoms.METHODS:Data from 965 participants in the Whitehall II cohort study (mean age = 62 years at baseline) were used to generate 1,172 person-observations of metabolic syndrome and its components (abdominal obesity, low level of high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, high level of triglycerides, hypertension, and elevated fasting glucose or diabetes). All participants were depression cases at the beginning of 2 consecutive follow-up cycles: from 2002-2004 to 2007-2009 and from 2007-2009 to 2012-2013 (mean follow-up = 4.6 years). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale caseness at the beginning and the end of the 2 cycles.RESULTS:In multivariable adjusted analyses, metabolic syndrome per se was not associated with symptom resolution. Of its components, low HDL cholesterol (risk ratio [RR] = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-1.00; P = .045) and high triglyceride levels (RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.95; P = .007) were associated with a lower likelihood of symptom resolution. These findings were replicated in a subpopulation without coronary heart disease and stroke (RR = 0.77 [95% CI, 0.63-0.95; P = .015] for low HDL cholesterol; RR = 0.79 [95% CI, 0.67-0.94; P = .006] for high triglycerides).CONCLUSIONS:Low HDL cholesterol and high triglyceride levels are associated with lower likelihood of long-term symptom resolution in depression. These data suggest that an adverse lipid profile, but not other components of metabolic syndrome, may delay recovery from depression.

Published
2017

17. Association of Midlife Diet With Subsequent Risk for Dementia

Author

Eric J. Brunner, Aline Dugravot, Mika Kivimäki, Archana Singh-Manoux, Tasnime N. Akbaraly, Séverine Sabia, Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Epidémiologie des déterminants sociaux et professionnels de la santé (INSERM U687 ), Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, Mediterranean diet, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Health Behavior, MESH: Energy Intake, 01 natural sciences, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, MESH: Incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, MESH: Cohort Studies, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Risk, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, MESH: Healthy Diet, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Hazard ratio, MESH: Diet Surveys, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, General Medicine, Middle Aged, MESH: Dementia, Female, Diet, Healthy, Cohort study, Risk, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Health Behavior, MESH: Factor Analysis, Statistical, Population, Diet Surveys, Article, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Diet, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Dementia, 0101 mathematics, education, MESH: Humans, business.industry, 010102 general mathematics, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Diet, Socioeconomic Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Energy Intake, Factor Analysis, Statistical, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

Importance Observational studies suggest that diet is linked to cognitive health. However, the duration of follow-up in many studies is not sufficient to take into account the long preclinical phase of dementia, and the evidence from interventional studies is not conclusive. Objective To examine whether midlife diet is associated with subsequent risk for dementia. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based cohort study established in 1985-1988 that had dietary intake assessed in 1991-1993, 1997-1999, and 2002-2004 and follow-up for incident dementia until March 31, 2017. Exposures Food frequency questionnaire to derive the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), an 11-component diet quality score (score range, 0-110), with higher scores indicating a healthier diet. Main Outcome and Measures Incident dementia ascertained through linkage to electronic health records. Results Among 8225 participants without dementia in 1991-1993 (mean age, 50.2 years [SD, 6.1 years]; 5686 [69.1%] were men), a total of 344 cases of incident dementia were recorded during a median follow-up of 24.8 years (interquartile range, 24.2-25.1 years). No significant difference in the incidence rate for dementia was observed in tertiles of AHEI exposure during 1991-1993, 1997-1999 (median follow-up, 19.1 years), and 2002-2004 (median follow-up, 13.5 years). Compared with an incidence rate for dementia of 1.76 (95% CI, 1.47-2.12) per 1000 person-years in the worst tertile of AHEI (lowest tertile of diet quality) in 1991-1993, the absolute rate difference for the intermediate tertile was 0.03 (95% CI, −0.43 to 0.49) per 1000 person-years and for the best tertile was 0.04 (95% CI, −0.42 to 0.51) per 1000 person-years. Compared with the worst AHEI tertile in 1997-1999 (incidence rate for dementia, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.62 to 2.61] per 1000 person-years), the absolute rate difference for the intermediate AHEI tertile was 0.14 (95% CI, −0.58 to 0.86) per 1000 person-years and for the best AHEI tertile was 0.14 (95% CI, −0.58 to 0.85) per 1000 person-years. Compared with the worst AHEI tertile in 2002-2004 (incidence rate for dementia, 3.12 [95% CI, 2.49 to 3.92] per 1000 person-years), the absolute rate difference for the intermediate AHEI tertile was −0.61 (95% CI, −1.56 to 0.33) per 1000 person-years and for the best AHEI tertile was −0.73 (95% CI, −1.67 to 0.22) per 1000 person-years. In the multivariable analysis, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for dementia per 1-SD (10-point) AHEI increment were not significant as assessed in 1991-1993 (adjusted HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.08]), in 1997-1999 (adjusted HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.83 to 1.12]), or in 2002-2004 (adjusted HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75 to 1.00]). Conclusions and Relevance In this long-term prospective cohort study, diet quality assessed during midlife was not significantly associated with subsequent risk for dementia.

Published
2019

18. PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study

Author

Schmidt, A.F., Swerdlow, D.I., Holmes, M.V., Patel, R.S., Fairhurst-Hunter, Z., Lyall, D.M., Hartwig, F.P., Horta, B.L., Hypponen, E., Power, C., Moldovan, M., Iperen, E. van, Hovingh, G.K., Demuth, I., Norman, K., Steinhagen-Thiessen, E., Demuth, J., Bertram, L., Liu, T., Coassin, S., Willeit, J., Kiechl, S., Willeit, K., Mason, D., Wright, J., Morris, R., Wanamethee, G., Whincup, P., Ben-Shlomo, Y., McLachlan, S., Price, J.F., Kivimaki, M., Welch, C., Sanchez-Galvez, A., Marques-Vidal, P., Nicolaides, A., Panayiotou, A.G., Onland-Moret, N.C., Schouw, Y.T. van der, Matullo, G., Fiorito, G., Guarrera, S., Sacerdote, C., Wareham, N.J., Langenberg, C., Scott, R., Luan, J.A., Bobak, M., Malyutina, S.A., Pajak, A., Kubinova, R., Tamosiunas, A., Pikhart, H., Husemoen, L.L.N., Grarup, N., Pedersen, O., Hansen, T., Linneberg, A., Simonsen, K.S., Cooper, J., Humphries, S.E., Brilliant, M., Kitchner, T., Hakonarson, H., Carrell, D.S., McCarty, C.A., Kirchner, H.L., Larson, E.B., Crosslin, D.R., Andrade, M. de, Roden, D.M., Denny, J.C., Carty, C., Hancock, S., Attia, J., Holliday, E., Donnell, M.O., Yusuf, S., Chong, M., Pare, G., Harst, P. van der, Said, M.A., Eppinga, R.N., Verweij, N., Snieder, H., Christen, T., Mook-Kanamori, D.O., Gustafsson, S., Lind, L., Ingelsson, E., Pazoki, R., Franco, O., Hofman, A., Uitterlinden, A., Dehghan, A., Teumer, A., Baumeister, S., Dorr, M., Lerch, M.M., Volker, U., Volzke, H., Ward, J., Pell, J.P., Smith, D.J., Meade, T., Maitland-van der Zee, A.H., Baranova, E.V., Young, R., Ford, I., Campbell, A., Padmanabhan, S., Bots, M.L., Grobbee, D.E., Froguel, P., Thuillier, D., Balkau, B., Bonnefond, A., Cariou, B., Smart, M., Bao, Y., Kumari, M., Mahajan, A., Ridker, P.M., Chasman, D.I., Reiner, A.P., Lange, L.A., Ritchie, M.D., Asselbergs, F.W., Casas, J.P., Keating, B.J., Preiss, D., Hingorani, A.D., Sattar, N., LifeLines Cohort Study Grp, UCLEB Consortium, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College of London [London] (UCL), MRC Centre for Epidemiology of Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Neuroepidemiology of Ageing Research Unit, Imperial College London, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol [Bristol], Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne university hospital, Computer Science Department, University of Cyprus, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation, Center for Cancer Prevention, CPO-Piemonte, Unità di epidemiologia dei tumori, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO)-HuGeF Foundation, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Serono Genetics Institute S.A.[Evry], Serono Genetics Institute, Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine Sibe rian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health [Prague], Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Research Centre for Prevention and Health (RCPH), Department of Public Health [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, BHF Laboratories, Rayne building, Department of Medicine, 5 University Street, The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Population Health Research Institute, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen [Groningen], Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), Limnology, Ecology, Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Metacohorts Consortium, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), King‘s College London, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Institute for Community Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism [Sheffield, UK], The University of Sheffield [Sheffield, U.K.], European Associated Laboratory [Sheffield, UK] (Sarcoma Research Unit), Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM UMRS 1178, Institut de recherche en biothérapie (IRB), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Langenberg, Claudia [0000-0002-5017-7344], Luan, Jian'an [0000-0003-3137-6337], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Case-Control Studies, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genetic Variation, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Cholesterol, LDL, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Proprotein Convertase 9, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Statin treatment and variants in the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase are associated with reductions in both the concentration of LDL cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease, but also with modest hyperglycaemia, increased bodyweight, and modestly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, which in no way offsets their substantial benefits. We sought to investigate the associations of LDL cholesterol-lowering PCSK9 variants with type 2 diabetes and related biomarkers to gauge the likely effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on diabetes risk.METHODS:In this mendelian randomisation study, we used data from cohort studies, randomised controlled trials, case control studies, and genetic consortia to estimate associations of PCSK9 genetic variants with LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, bodyweight, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, and risk of type 2 diabetes, using a standardised analysis plan, meta-analyses, and weighted gene-centric scores.FINDINGS:Data were available for more than 550 000 individuals and 51 623 cases of type 2 diabetes. Combined analyses of four independent PCSK9 variants (rs11583680, rs11591147, rs2479409, and rs11206510) scaled to 1 mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol showed associations with increased fasting glucose (0·09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0·02 to 0·15), bodyweight (1·03 kg, 0·24 to 1·82), waist-to-hip ratio (0·006, 0·003 to 0·010), and an odds ratio for type diabetes of 1·29 (1·11 to 1·50). Based on the collected data, we did not identify associations with HbA1c (0·03%, -0·01 to 0·08), fasting insulin (0·00%, -0·06 to 0·07), and BMI (0·11 kg/m2, -0·09 to 0·30).INTERPRETATION:PCSK9 variants associated with lower LDL cholesterol were also associated with circulating higher fasting glucose concentration, bodyweight, and waist-to-hip ratio, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In trials of PCSK9 inhibitor drugs, investigators should carefully assess these safety outcomes and quantify the risks and benefits of PCSK9 inhibitor treatment, as was previously done for statins.FUNDING:British Heart Foundation, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre.

Published
2016

19. Interleukin-6 as a predictor of symptom resolution in psychological distress: a cohort study

Author

Gordon D.O. Lowe, Martin J. Shipley, George David Batty, Charlotte L. Allan, Archana Singh-Manoux, Harri Alenius, Klaus P. Ebmeier, Mark Hamer, Tasnime N. Akbaraly, Mika Kivimäki, Rita Haapakoski, Marianna Virtanen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Glasgow, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cohort Studies, Internal medicine, medicine, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Interleukin 6, Applied Psychology, Depression (differential diagnoses), MESH: Anxiety, common mental disorders, cytokines, depression, inflammation, interleukin, recovery, Aged, biology, Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, Remission Induction, Psychological distress, Middle Aged, Confidence interval, United Kingdom, Psychiatry and Mental health, Relative risk, Chronic Disease, biology.protein, Anxiety, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Stress, Psychological, Clinical psychology, Cohort study
Abstract

BackgroundElevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with the development of common mental disorders, such as depression, but its role in symptom resolution is unclear.MethodWe examined the association between IL-6 and symptom resolution in a non-clinical sample of participants with psychological distress.ResultsRelative to high IL-6 levels, low levels at baseline were associated with symptom resolution at follow-up [age- and sex-adjusted risk ratio (RR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.25]. Further adjustment for covariates had little effect on the association. Symptomatic participants with repeated low IL-6 were more likely to be symptom-free at follow-up compared with those with repeated high IL-6 (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.41). Among the symptomatic participants with elevated IL-6 at baseline, IL-6 decreased along with symptom resolution.ConclusionsIL-6 is potentially related to the mechanisms underlying recovery from symptoms of mental ill health. Further studies are needed to examine these mechanisms and to confirm the findings in relation to clinical depression.

Published
2015

20. Work Disability among Employees with Diabetes: Latent Class Analysis of Risk Factors in Three Prospective Cohort Studies

Author

Marcel Goldberg, Rosemary Dray-Spira, Adam G. Tabak, Markus Jokela, Mika Kivimäki, Jenny Head, Jenni Ervasti, Jaana Pentti, Archana Singh-Manoux, Marianna Virtanen, Jussi Vahtera, Annaleena Okuloff, Marie Zins, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Turku, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Medicine [Budapest], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Social and Occupational Determinants of Health, Villejuif, Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], University of Helsinki, HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Behavioural Sciences, and Clinicum

Subjects
Gerontology, Male, lcsh:Medicine, Rate ratio, DISEASE, Cohort Studies, MODEL-SELECTION, MELLITUS, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Absenteeism, Prevalence, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, lcsh:Science, Prospective cohort study, Depression (differential diagnoses), media_common, Multidisciplinary, ta3142, Middle Aged, DEPRESSION, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Latent class model, 3. Good health, Occupational Diseases, Meta-analysis, Cohort, Female, HEALTH, Sick Leave, Cohort study, Research Article, Adult, Employment, media_common.quotation_subject, QUESTIONNAIRE, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, SICKNESS ABSENCE, BEHAVIORS, WHITEHALL-II, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Obesity, Demography, business.industry, lcsh:R, Abstinence, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, CRITERION, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

International audience; BackgroundStudies of work disability in diabetes have examined diabetes as a homogeneous disease. We sought to identify subgroups among persons with diabetes based on potential risk factors for work disability.MethodsParticipants were 2,445 employees with diabetes from three prospective cohorts (the Finnish Public Sector study, the GAZEL study, and the Whitehall II study). Work disability was ascertained via linkage to registers of sickness absence and disability pensions during a follow-up of 4 years. Study-specific latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups according to prevalent comorbid disease and health-risk behaviours. Study-specific associations with work disability at follow-up were pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis.ResultsSeparate latent class analyses for men and women in each cohort supported a two-class solution with one subgroup (total n = 1,086; 44.4%) having high prevalence of chronic somatic diseases, psychological symptoms, obesity, physical inactivity and abstinence from alcohol and the other subgroup (total n = 1,359; 55.6%) low prevalence of these factors. In the adjusted meta-analyses, participants in the ‘high-risk’ group had more work disability days (pooled rate ratio = 1.66, 95% CI 1.38–1.99) and more work disability episodes (pooled rate ratio = 1.33, 95% CI 1.21–1.46). These associations were similar in men and women, younger and older participants, and across occupational groups.ConclusionsDiabetes is not a homogeneous disease in terms of work disability risk. Approximately half of people with diabetes are assigned to a subgroup characterised by clustering of comorbid health conditions, obesity, physical inactivity, abstinence of alcohol, and associated high risk of work disability; the other half to a subgroup characterised by a more favourable risk profile.

Published
2015

21. The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study

Author

Winkler, Thomas W, Justice, Anne E, Graff, Mariaelisa, Barata, Llilda, Feitosa, Mary F, Chu, Su, Czajkowski, Jacek, Esko, Tõnu, Fall, Tove, Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, Lu, Yingchang, Mägi, Reedik, Mihailov, Evelin, Pers, Tune H, Rüeger, Sina, Teumer, Alexander, Ehret, Georg B, Ferreira, Teresa, Heard-Costa, Nancy L, Karjalainen, Juha, Lagou, Vasiliki, Mahajan, Anubha, Neinast, Michael D, Prokopenko, Inga, Simino, Jeannette, Teslovich, Tanya M, Jansen, Rick, Westra, Harm-Jan, White, Charles C, Absher, Devin, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S, Ahmad, Shafqat, Albrecht, Eva, Alves, Alexessander Couto, Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L, de Craen, Anton JM, Bis, Joshua C, Bonnefond, Amélie, Boucher, Gabrielle, Cadby, Gemma, Cheng, Yu-Ching, Chiang, Charleston WK, Delgado, Graciela, Demirkan, Ayse, Dueker, Nicole, Eklund, Niina, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Eriksson, Joel, Feenstra, Bjarke, Fischer, Krista, Frau, Francesca, Galesloot, Tessel E, Geller, Frank, Goel, Anuj, Gorski, Mathias, Grammer, Tanja B, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haitjema, Saskia, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Huffman, Jennifer E, Jackson, Anne U, Jacobs, Kevin B, Johansson, Åsa, Kaakinen, Marika, Kleber, Marcus E, Lahti, Jari, Mateo Leach, Irene, Lehne, Benjamin, Liu, Youfang, Lo, Ken Sin, Lorentzon, Mattias, Luan, Jian'an, Madden, Pamela AF, Mangino, Massimo, McKnight, Barbara, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Monda, Keri L, Montasser, May E, Müller, Gabriele, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Nolte, Ilja M, Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope, Pascoe, Laura, Paternoster, Lavinia, Rayner, Nigel W, Renström, Frida, Rizzi, Federica, Rose, Lynda M, Ryan, Kathy A, Salo, Perttu, Sanna, Serena, Scharnagl, Hubert, Shi, Jianxin, Smith, Albert Vernon, Southam, Lorraine, Stančáková, Alena, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Strawbridge, Rona J, Sung, Yun Ju, Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Tanaka, Toshiko, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Trompet, Stella, Pervjakova, Natalia, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Vandenput, Liesbeth, van der Laan, Sander W, van der Velde, Nathalie, van Setten, Jessica, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V, Verweij, Niek, Vlachopoulou, Efthymia, Waite, Lindsay L, Wang, Sophie R, Wang, Zhaoming, Wild, Sarah H, Willenborg, Christina, Wilson, James F, Wong, Andrew, Yang, Jian, Yengo, Loïc, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M, Yu, Lei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Andersson, Ehm A, Bakker, Stephan JL, Baldassarre, Damiano, Banasik, Karina, Barcella, Matteo, Barlassina, Cristina, Bellis, Claire, Benaglio, Paola, Blangero, John, Blüher, Matthias, Bonnet, Fabrice, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Boyd, Heather A, Bruinenberg, Marcel, Buchman, Aron S, Campbell, Harry, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chines, Peter S, Claudi-Boehm, Simone, Cole, John, Collins, Francis S, de Geus, Eco JC, de Groot, Lisette CPGM, Dimitriou, Maria, Duan, Jubao, Enroth, Stefan, Eury, Elodie, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Forouhi, Nita G, Friedrich, Nele, Gejman, Pablo V, Gigante, Bruna, Glorioso, Nicola, Go, Alan S, Gottesman, Omri, Gräßler, Jürgen, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Gu, Yu-Mei, Broer, Linda, Ham, Annelies C, Hansen, Torben, Harris, Tamara B, Hartman, Catharina A, Hassinen, Maija, Hastie, Nicholas, Hattersley, Andrew T, Heath, Andrew C, Henders, Anjali K, Hernandez, Dena, Hillege, Hans, Holmen, Oddgeir, Hovingh, Kees G, Hui, Jennie, Husemoen, Lise L, Hutri-Kähönen, Nina, Hysi, Pirro G, Illig, Thomas, De Jager, Philip L, Jalilzadeh, Shapour, Jørgensen, Torben, Jukema, J Wouter, Juonala, Markus, Kanoni, Stavroula, Karaleftheri, Maria, Khaw, Kay Tee, Kinnunen, Leena, Kittner, Steven J, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kolcic, Ivana, Kovacs, Peter, Krarup, Nikolaj T, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Krüger, Janine, Kuh, Diana, Kumari, Meena, Kyriakou, Theodosios, Langenberg, Claudia, Lannfelt, Lars, Lanzani, Chiara, Lotay, Vaneet, Launer, Lenore J, Leander, Karin, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Yan-Ping, Lobbens, Stéphane, Luben, Robert, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Männistö, Satu, Magnusson, Patrik K, McArdle, Wendy L, Menni, Cristina, Merger, Sigrun, Milani, Lili, Montgomery, Grant W, Morris, Andrew P, Narisu, Narisu, Nelis, Mari, Ong, Ken K, Palotie, Aarno, Pérusse, Louis, Pichler, Irene, Pilia, Maria G, Pouta, Anneli, Rheinberger, Myriam, Ribel-Madsen, Rasmus, Richards, Marcus, Rice, Kenneth M, Rice, Treva K, Rivolta, Carlo, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R, Sarzynski, Mark A, Scholtens, Salome, Scott, Robert A, Scott, William R, Sebert, Sylvain, Sengupta, Sebanti, Sennblad, Bengt, Seufferlein, Thomas, Silveira, Angela, Slagboom, P Eline, Smit, Jan H, Sparsø, Thomas H, Stirrups, Kathleen, Stolk, Ronald P, Stringham, Heather M, Swertz, Morris A, Swift, Amy J, Syvänen, Ann-Christine, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Thorand, Barbara, Tönjes, Anke, Tremblay, Angelo, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, van der Most, Peter J, Völker, Uwe, Vohl, Marie-Claude, Vonk, Judith M, Waldenberger, Melanie, Walker, Ryan W, Wennauer, Roman, Widén, Elisabeth, Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wright, Alan F, Zillikens, M Carola, van Dijk, Suzanne C, van Schoor, Natasja M, Asselbergs, Folkert W, de Bakker, Paul IW, Beckmann, Jacques S, Beilby, John, Bennett, David A, Bergman, Richard N, Bergmann, Sven, Böger, Carsten A, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boerwinkle, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Bornstein, Stefan R, Bottinger, Erwin P, Bouchard, Claude, Chambers, John C, Chanock, Stephen J, Chasman, Daniel I, Cucca, Francesco, Cusi, Daniele, Dedoussis, George, Erdmann, Jeanette, Eriksson, Johan G, Evans, Denis A, de Faire, Ulf, Farrall, Martin, Ferrucci, Luigi, Ford, Ian, Franke, Lude, Franks, Paul W, Froguel, Philippe, Gansevoort, Ron T, Gieger, Christian, Grönberg, Henrik, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gyllensten, Ulf, Hall, Per, Hamsten, Anders, van der Harst, Pim, Hayward, Caroline, Heliövaara, Markku, Hengstenberg, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A, Hingorani, Aroon, Hofman, Albert, Hu, Frank, Huikuri, Heikki V, Hveem, Kristian, James, Alan L, Jordan, Joanne M, Jula, Antti, Kähönen, Mika, Kajantie, Eero, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kiemeney, Lambertus ALM, Kivimaki, Mika, Knekt, Paul B, Koistinen, Heikki A, Kooner, Jaspal S, Koskinen, Seppo, Kuusisto, Johanna, Maerz, Winfried, Martin, Nicholas G, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lettre, Guillaume, Levinson, Douglas F, Lind, Lars, Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Mäntyselkä, Pekka, Melbye, Mads, Metspalu, Andres, Mitchell, Braxton D, Moll, Frans L, Murray, Jeffrey C, Musk, Arthur W, Nieminen, Markku S, Njølstad, Inger, Ohlsson, Claes, Oldehinkel, Albertine J, Oostra, Ben A, Palmer, Lyle J, Pankow, James S, Pasterkamp, Gerard, Pedersen, Nancy L, Pedersen, Oluf, Penninx, Brenda W, Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Polašek, Ozren, Pramstaller, Peter P, Psaty, Bruce M, Qi, Lu, Quertermous, Thomas, Raitakari, Olli T, Rankinen, Tuomo, Rauramaa, Rainer, Ridker, Paul M, Rioux, John D, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Rotter, Jerome I, Rudan, Igor, den Ruijter, Hester M, Saltevo, Juha, Sattar, Naveed, Schunkert, Heribert, Schwarz, Peter EH, Shuldiner, Alan R, Sinisalo, Juha, Snieder, Harold, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Spector, Tim D, Staessen, Jan A, Stefania, Bandinelli, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Stumvoll, Michael, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Tremoli, Elena, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Uitterlinden, André G, Uusitupa, Matti, Verbeek, André LM, Vermeulen, Sita H, Viikari, Jorma S, Vitart, Veronique, Völzke, Henry, Vollenweider, Peter, Waeber, Gérard, Walker, Mark, Wallaschofski, Henri, Wareham, Nicholas J, Watkins, Hugh, Zeggini, Eleftheria, arcOGEN Consortium, CHARGE Consortium, DIAGRAM Consortium, GLGC Consortium, Global-BPGen Consortium, ICBP Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, Chakravarti, Aravinda, Clegg, Deborah J, Cupples, L Adrienne, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Jaquish, Cashell E, Rao, DC, Abecasis, Goncalo R, Assimes, Themistocles L, Barroso, Inês, Berndt, Sonja I, Boehnke, Michael, Deloukas, Panos, Fox, Caroline S, Groop, Leif C, Hunter, David J, Ingelsson, Erik, Kaplan, Robert C, McCarthy, Mark I, Mohlke, Karen L, O'Connell, Jeffrey R, Schlessinger, David, Strachan, David P, Stefansson, Kari, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Heid, Iris M, North, Kari E, Borecki, Ingrid B, Kutalik, Zoltán, Loos, Ruth JF, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Estonian Genome and Medicine, University of Tartu, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC, Brown University, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [Lyngby], Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), King‘s College London, Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, GBB, University of Groningen [Groningen], University of Queensland [Brisbane], National Institut of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of neurology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), University of Washington [Seattle], Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (GI3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Deptartment of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Limnology, Ecology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Core Genotyping Facility, National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Department of Chemical Engineering Taiwan (DCET - NTHU), National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU), University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University Diabetes Centre, Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Umea University Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland-Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU), Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN)-RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), deCODE Genetics, deCODE genetics [Reykjavik], Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Centre Groningen, Kidney Center, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, TX], Medical Department III, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Foie, métabolismes et cancer, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Dept. of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], GNS Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Medstar Research Institute, University of Rochester [USA], MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Institute of Metabolic Science, Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] (EPI), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Disease, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, German Research Center for Environmental Health-Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston]-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Research Centre for Prevention and Health (RCPH), Department of Public Health [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University of Zagreb, MRC National Survey of Health and Development, MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Public health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Research Center for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Head of Medical Sequencing, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging [Leiden, Netherlands] (NCHA), Department of Internal Medicine, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Loughborough University, Genomics and Bioinformatics Platform, Fondazione Filarete, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Milano, Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck [Lübeck], Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester [Manchester], The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland., Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Genetics and Pathology, Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Respirology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Universität Regensburg (UR), Franz-Volhard-Centrum für Klinische Forschung, ECRC, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere [Finland]-Tampere University Hospital, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Department of Oncology, University of Tampere Medical School, University of Tampere, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Montreal, Developmental Brain and Behaviour Unit, University of Southampton, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine-University of Gothenburg (GU), Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, The Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital (TYKS), Erasmus Medical Centre, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Department of Public Health, South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Department of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Danube-University Krems, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Institute for Community Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), MRC epidemiology Unit, Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI)-Boston University [Boston] (BU), Metabolic Disease Group, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Wellcome Trust, Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital-Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC)-UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health-Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital-Medical Research Council (MRC), P30 AG010161/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States, Psychiatry, Epidemiology and Data Science, NCA - Neurobiology of mental health, EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, AMS - Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Geriatrics, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Medicine, Other departments, Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, RS: CARIM - R3 - Vascular biology, MUMC+: DA BV AIOS Radiologie (9), Epidemiologie, Orthopedie, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum, Research Programs Unit, Research Programme of Molecular Medicine, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Elisabeth Ingrid Maria Widen / Principal Investigator, Clinicum, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Children's Hospital, Lastentautien yksikkö, Marja-Liisa Lokki / Principal Investigator, Kardiologian yksikkö, Leif Groop Research Group, Quantitative Genetics, Developmental Psychology Research Group, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Genomic Discoveries and Clinical Translation, Ehret, Georg Benedikt, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M)), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC), University of Oxford, Lund University [Lund], Universität Leipzig, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Universität zu Lübeck = University of Lübeck [Lübeck], Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Gothenburg (GU)-Institute of Medicine, Boston University [Boston] (BU)-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI), Luan, Jian'an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Tyrer, Jonathan [0000-0003-3724-4757], Forouhi, Nita [0000-0002-5041-248X], Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Langenberg, Claudia [0000-0002-5017-7344], Luben, Robert [0000-0002-5088-6343], Ong, Kenneth [0000-0003-4689-7530], Johnson, Kathleen [0000-0002-6823-3252], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Barroso, Ines [0000-0001-5800-4520], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, CHARGE Consortium, DIAGRAM Consortium, GLGC Consortium, Global-BPGen Consortium, ICBP Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, Biochemistry, Surgery, Internal Medicine, Public Health, Medical Oncology, Pathology, Erasmus MC other, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, and Clinical Genetics

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Male, Cancer Research, endocrine system diseases, Biological pathways, QH426-470, Genome, Body Mass Index, Body Size, Genetics (clinical), ddc:616, Genetics & Heredity, Sex Characteristics, Loci, MAGIC Consortium, Mass index, Age Factors, Chromosome Mapping, Middle Aged, Genealogy, Self-reported height, Peripheral-blood, Scale (social sciences), ICBP Consortium, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Medical Genetics, Research Article, arcOGEN Consortium, musculoskeletal diseases, Adult, European Continental Ancestry Group, Natural menopause, Aged, Body Size/genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Waist-Hip Ratio, Biology, Body size, DIAGRAM Consortium, Age and sex, White People, Fat distribution, GLGC Consortium, 03 medical and health sciences, Life-course, Genetics, Weight-gain, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Medicinsk genetik, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, 0604 Genetics, Science & Technology, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Correction, 030104 developmental biology, GWAS meta-analysis, Global-BPGen Consortium, Common SNPS, CHARGE Consortium, 3111 Biomedicine, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), a measure of body shape. Body size and shape change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women. To systematically screen for age- and/or sex-specific effects of genetic variants on BMI and WHRadjBMI, we performed meta-analyses of 114 studies (up to 320,485 individuals of European descent) with genome-wide chip and/or Metabochip data by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium. Each study tested the association of up to ~2.8M SNPs with BMI and WHRadjBMI in four strata (men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y, women >50y) and summary statistics were combined in stratum-specific meta-analyses. We then screened for variants that showed age-specific effects (G x AGE), sex-specific effects (G x SEX) or age-specific effects that differed between men and women (G x AGE x SEX). For BMI, we identified 15 loci (11 previously established for main effects, four novel) that showed significant (FDR, Author Summary Adult body size and body shape differ substantially between men and women and change over time. More than 100 genetic variants that influence body mass index (measure of body size) or waist-to-hip ratio (measure of body shape) have been identified. While there is evidence that some genetic loci affect body shape differently in men than in women, little is known about whether genetic effects differ in older compared to younger adults, and whether such changes differ between men and women. Therefore, we conducted a systematic genome-wide search, including 114 studies (>320,000 individuals), to specifically identify genetic loci with age- and or sex-dependent effects on body size and shape. We identified 15 loci of which the effect on BMI was different in older compared to younger adults, whereas we found no evidence for loci with different effects in men compared to women. The opposite was seen for body shape as we identified 44 loci of which the effect on waist-to-hip ratio differed between men and women, but no difference between younger and older adults were observed. Our observations may provide new insights into the biology that underlies weight change with age or the sexual dimorphism of body shape.

Published
2014

22. Long-term adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and chronic inflammation in the prospective Whitehall II study

Author

Akbaraly, Tasnime N., Shipley, Martin J., Ferrie, Jane E., Virtanen, Marianna, Lowe, Gordon, Hamer, Mark, Kivimaki, Mika, Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Imperial College London, University of Bristol [Bristol], Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences [Glasgow], and University of Glasgow

Subjects
Medicine(all), Adult, Inflammation, Male, Interleukin-6, Middle Aged, Clinical Research Study, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Prospective cohort, Middle-aged population, Diet, Nutrition Policy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Chronic Disease, London, Diet quality indices, Humans, Patient Compliance, Nutritional Epidemiology, Female, Inflammatory marker, Prospective Studies, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background\ud Inflammation plays an important role in the cause of cardiovascular diseases and may contribute to the association linking an unhealthy diet to chronic age-related diseases. However, to date the long-term associations between diet and inflammation have been poorly described. Our aim was to assess the extent to which adherence to a healthy diet and dietary improvements over a 6-year exposure period prevented subsequent chronic inflammation over a 5-year follow-up in a large British population of men and women.\ud \ud Methods\ud Data were drawn from 4600 adults (mean ± standard deviation, age 49.6 ± 6.1 years, 28% were women) from the prospective Whitehall cohort II study. Adherence to a healthy diet was measured using Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) scores in 1991-1993 (50.7 ± 11.9 points) and 1997-1999 (51.6 ± 12.4 points). Chronic inflammation, defined as average levels of serum interleukin-6 from 2 measures 5 years apart, was assessed in 1997-1999 and 2002-2004.\ud \ud Results\ud After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and health status, participants who maintained a high AHEI score (ie, a healthy diet, n = 1736, 37.7%) and those who improved this score over time (n = 681, 14.8%) showed significantly lower mean levels of interleukin-6 (1.84 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71-1.98 and 1.84 pg/mL, 95% CI, 1.70-1.99, respectively) than those who had a low AHEI score (n = 1594, 34.6%) over the 6-year exposure period (2.01 pg/mL, 95% CI, 1.87-2.17).\ud \ud Conclusions\ud These data suggest that maintaining and improving adherence to healthy dietary recommendations may reduce the risk of long-term inflammation.

Published
2014

23. Trajectories of sleep complaints from early midlife to old age: longitudinal modeling study

Author

Yves Dauvilliers, Jane E. Ferrie, Marianna Virtanen, Tasnime N. Akbaraly, Marcel Goldberg, Mika Kivimäki, Martin J. Shipley, Jussi Vahtera, Marie Zins, Jaana Pentti, Archana Singh-Manoux, Paula Salo, Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Turku-Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Department of Public Health, University of Turku-Turku University Hospital, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), The Finnish Public Sector study was supported by the Academy of Finland (projects 124271, 124322, 129262, and 132944), the New OSH ERA research program. The Whitehall II study is supported by the UK Medical Research Council, the British Heart Foun-dation, the NIH/National Institute on Aging (R01AG013196, R01AG034454) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insti-tute (R01HL036310), USA, and the BUPA Foundation, UK. Dr. Shipley is supported by a grant from the British Heart Founda-tion. The sponsors had no role in designing the study, analyzing or interpreting the data, or preparing the manuscript, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), SZTAJNBOK, Pascale, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, Gerontology, insomnia, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Insomnia, Medicine, Sleep initiation and maintenance disorders, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Trajectories of Sleep Complaints From Early Mid-Life to Old Age, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, Generalized estimating equation, MESH: Cohort Studies, Finland, ta515, media_common, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Finland, Confounding, Age Factors, sleep lost due to worry, ta3142, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, Cohort, MESH: Great Britain, Female, epidemiology, medicine.symptom, Worry, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Physiology (medical), Humans, Aged, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH: Adult, United Kingdom, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurology (clinical), business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; To estimate trajectories of sleep lost over worry as a function of age, using longitudinal modeling, and compare these trajectories with those for insomnia symptoms. Data from two prospective, occupational cohorts (the Whitehall II and Finnish Public Sector studies) comprising 84,384 observations from four to eight repeat measurements in 1985-2010. There were 16,408 men and women age 34-79 yr. Age-related trajectories of sleep lost over worry and insomnia symptoms (sleep initiation or maintenance problems, nonrefreshing sleep) were estimated using repeated-measures log-binomial regression analysis and generalized estimating equations. These analyses were adjusted for year of birth and time of measurement to minimize confounding by cohort or period effects. The prevalence ratio for insomnia symptoms was higher in older age groups compared with participants age 34-45 yr. In contrast, the age-related trajectory of sleep lost over worry included two phases: a period of high prevalence of sleep complaints at age 34-60 yr followed by a declining trajectory at older ages. Compared with participants age 34-45 yr, prevalence ratios for sleep lost over worry were 0.63 (0.49-0.80) and 0.59 (0.41-0.84) in the Whitehall II study participants ages 61-65 and 71-79 years. Corresponding figures were 0.62 (0.52-0.75) and 0.46 (0.32-0.66) in the Finnish Public Sector study. This study shows a general age-related decrease in sleep lost over worry between late midlife and old age, a pattern strikingly different from the age-related increase in insomnia symptoms.

Published
2012

24. Natural course of recurrent psychological distress in adulthood

Author

David Gimeno, Archana Singh-Manoux, Jenny Head, Marko Elovainio, Mika Kivimäki, Jane E. Ferrie, Tasnime N. Akbaraly, Markus Jokela, Martin J. Shipley, Michael Marmot, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Social Epidemiology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Epidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpitaux de Saint Maurice (HNSM), Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and SZTAJNBOK, Pascale

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Recurrence, MESH: Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Chronic distress, Single person, Prospective Studies, MESH: Middle Aged, Single Person, MESH: Stress, Psychological, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Alcoholism, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Distress, Kindling hypothesis, Marital status, Major depressive disorder, Female, MESH: Single Person, Psychology, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Article, MESH: Social Class, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, MESH: Sex Factors, MESH: Alcoholism, medicine, Humans, Psychiatry, Socioeconomic status, MESH: Humans, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, 030227 psychiatry, MESH: Recurrence, Social Class, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, National Comorbidity Survey, Longitudinal, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Health Questionnaire, MESH: Female, Stress, Psychological, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; The course of major depressive disorder is often characterized by progressing chronicity, but whether this applies to the course of self-reported psychological distress remains unclear. We examined whether the risk of self-reported psychological distress becomes progressively higher the longer the history of distress and whether prolonged history of distress modifies associations between risk markers and future distress. Participants were British civil servants from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study (n=7934; 31.5% women, mean age 44.5 years at baseline) followed from 1985 to 2006 with repeat data collected in 7 study phases. Psychological distress was assessed with the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Sex, socioeconomic status, marital status, ethnicity, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and obesity were assessed as risk markers. Recurrent history of psychological distress was associated with a progressively increasing risk of future distress in a dose-response manner. Common risk markers, such as low socioeconomic status, non-White ethnicity, being single, and alcohol abstinence, were stronger predictors of subsequent distress in participants with a longer history of psychological distress. Sex differences in psychological distress attenuated with prolonged distress history. The participants were already adults in the beginning of the study, so we could not assess the progressive chronicity of psychological distress from adolescence onwards. These data suggest that self-reported psychological distress becomes more persistent over time and that a longer prior exposure to psychological distress increases sensitivity to the stressful effects of certain risk markers.

Published
2011

25. Do psychological factors affect inflammation and incident coronary heart disease: the Whitehall II Study

Author

Hermann Nabi, Mika Kivimäki, Michael Marmot, David Gimeno, Martin J. Shipley, Archana Singh-Manoux, SZTAJNBOK, Pascale, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Epidémiologie des déterminants sociaux et professionnels de la santé (INSERM U687 ), Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre de Gérontologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, H.N. and M.K. are supported by the Academy of Finland (grant117604). A.S.-M. is supported by a European Young InvestigatorAward from the European Science Foundation. M.M. is supported byan MRC Research Professorship. M.J.S. is supported by the BritishHeart Foundation. The Whitehall II study is supported by grantsfrom the Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Health and Safety Executive, Department of Health, National HeartLung and Blood Institute (HL36310), US, NIH: National Institute onAging, US, NIH, Agency for Health Care Policy Research(HS06516), and and the John D. and Catherine T MacArthur FoundationResearch Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health.

Subjects
MESH: Inflammation, Male, Time Factors, Coronary Disease, Angina, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, London, Medicine, MESH: Incidence, Myocardial infarction, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Relative index of inequality, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Hazard ratio, MESH: Affect, MESH: Stress, Psychological, Middle Aged, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, Female, Inflammation Mediators, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Inflammation Mediators, psychological factors, Negative affectivity, Internal medicine, Humans, coronary heart disease, Inflammation, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH: Time Factors, C-reactive protein, MESH: Biological Markers, Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Adult, MESH: London, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, Affect, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, biology.protein, Physical therapy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Coronary Disease, business, MESH: Female, Biomarkers, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

Objectives— The purpose of this study was to test whether psychological factors affect inflammation processes to an extent that increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods and Results— We used data from 6396 civil servants (4453 men, 1943 women) from the Whitehall II Study, aged 35 to 55 years and free from clinically validated CHD at the start of the follow-up period. Two psychological factors were assessed at phase 1 (1985 to 1988) and phase 2 (1989 to 1990): negative affect and psychological distress. Inflammatory biomarkers (fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive- protein, interleukin-6) and 12 baseline covariates including biological and behavioral CHD risk factors, sociodemographic variables, and work stress were measured at phase 3 (1991 to 1993). Follow-up for CHD death, first nonfatal myocardial infarction, or definite angina occurring between phase 3 and phase 7 (2003 to 2004) was based on clinical records. Higher levels of inflammatory markers were associated with higher CHD incidence, with hazard ratios (HR) ranging from 1.31 to 2.37 in age-and sex-adjusted models. Higher levels of negative affectivity and psychological distress were not associated with greater concentrations of inflammatory markers. Negative affectivity (relative index of inequality=1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20 to 2.36) and higher psychological distress exposure (HR=1.66, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.14) were associated with higher CHD incidence and these associations remained unchanged after adjustment for inflammatory markers. Conclusions— Our findings suggest that psychological factors do not affect inflammation although they predict incident CHD.

Published
2008

26. Effect of Retirement on Alcohol Consumption: Longitudinal Evidence from the French Gazel Cohort Study

Author

Annette Leclerc, Marcel Goldberg, Mika Kivimäki, Hugo Westerlund, Jane E. Ferrie, Marie Zins, Alice Guéguen, Archana Singh-Manoux, Jussi Vahtera, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Public Health [Helsinki], Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Centre of Expertise for the Development of Work and Organizations, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Turku-Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Department of Public Health, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and SZTAJNBOK, Pascale

Subjects
Male, Aging, Time Factors, Anatomy and Physiology, Non-Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology, Life Course Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, 030508 substance abuse, Poison control, Social and Behavioral Sciences, MESH: Retirement, Habits, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Psychology, Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, PREDICTORS, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, Epidemiological Methods, POPULATION, Psychiatry, Retirement, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Sex Distribution, Substance Abuse, Epidemiology of Aging, Middle Aged, Socioeconomic Aspects of Health, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Mental Health, 8. Economic growth, Cohort, Female, France, Public Health, Alcohol, Behavioral and Social Aspects of Health, 0305 other medical science, MIDLIFE, Research Article, Cohort study, Alcohol Drinking, Clinical Research Design, education, Population, Social class, Sexual and Gender Issues, MESH: Social Class, 03 medical and health sciences, DRINKING, Environmental health, Injury prevention, Humans, Sex Distribution, Biology, Socioeconomic status, Lifecourse Epidemiology, Consumption (economics), Behavior, Health Care Policy, MESH: Humans, Population Biology, business.industry, MORTALITY, lcsh:R, MESH: Time Factors, ADULTS, TRENDS, MESH: Male, Social Epidemiology, MESH: France, Social Class, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, RISK-FACTORS, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, GENDER, TRAJECTORIES, Physiological Processes, business, Organism Development, MESH: Female, MESH: Alcohol Drinking, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Background Little is known about the effect of retirement on alcohol consumption. The objectives were to examine changes in alcohol consumption following retirement, and whether these patterns differ by gender and socioeconomic status. Methods and Findings We assessed alcohol consumption annually from 5 years before to 5 years after retirement among 10,023 men and 2,361 women of the French Gazel study. Data were analyzed separately for men and women, using repeated-measures logistic regression analysis with generalized estimating equations. Five years prior to retirement, the prevalence of heavy drinking was about 16% among men, and not patterned by socioeconomic status. Among women, this prevalence was 19.5% in managers, 14.7% in intermediate occupations, and 12.8% in clerical workers. Around retirement, the estimated prevalence of heavy drinking increased in both sexes. In men, this increase was 3.1 percentage points for managers, 3.2 in intermediate occupations, 4.6 in clerical workers, and 1.3 in manual workers. In women, this increase was 6.6 percentage points among managers, 4.3 in intermediate occupations, and 3.3 among clerical workers. In men the increase around retirement was followed by a decrease over the following four years, not significant among manual workers; among women such a decrease was also observed in the non-managerial occupations. It is difficult to assess the extent to which the results observed in this cohort would hold for other working populations, other conditions of employment, or in other cultural settings. A plausible explanation for the increase in heavy drinking around retirement could be that increased leisure time after retirement provides more opportunities for drinking, and not having to work during the day after may decrease constraints on drinking. Conclusions Our findings of increased consumption around retirement suggest that information about negative effects of alcohol consumption should be included in pre-retirement planning programs.

Published
2011

27. Pulmonary toxicity of two different multi-walled carbon nanotubes in rat: Comparison between intratracheal instillation and inhalation exposure

Author

Sarah Valentino, Christian Darne, Laurent Gaté, Sylvie Sébillaud, Håkan Wallin, Kristina Bram Knudsen, Henrik Wolff, Ulla Vogel, Mylène Lorcin, Laëtitia Chézeau, Trine Berthing, Stéphane Viton, Sébastien Bau, Hervé Nunge, Carole Seidel, Stéphane Grossmann, Frédéric Cosnier, Nicklas Raun Jacobsen, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Vandoeuvre lès Nancy) (INRS ( Vandoeuvre lès Nancy)), National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI) (STAMI), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, and Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, Inhalation exposure, Lung, Inhalation, Chemistry, Pulmonary toxicity, DNA damage, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Carbon nanotube, Toxicology, medicine.disease, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, law, Fibrosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Specific surface area, medicine
Abstract

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which vary in length, diameter, functionalization and specific surface area, are used in diverse industrial processes. Since these nanomaterials have a high aspect ratio and are biopersistant in the lung, there is a need for a rapid identification of their potential health hazard. We assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats the pulmonary toxicity of two pristine MWCNTs (the “long and thick” NM-401 and the “short and thin” NM-403) following either intratracheal instillation or 4-week inhalation in order to gain insights into the predictability and intercomparability of the two methods. The deposited doses following inhalation were lower than the instilled doses. Both types of carbon nanotube induced pulmonary neutrophil influx using both exposure methods. This influx correlated with deposited surface area across MWCNT types and means of exposure at two different time points, 1–3 days and 28–30 days post-exposure. Increased levels of DNA damage were observed across doses and time points for both exposure methods, but no dose-response relationship was observed. Intratracheal instillation of NM-401 induced fibrosis at the highest dose while lower lung deposited doses obtained by inhalation did not induce such lung pathology. No fibrosis was observed following NM-403 exposure. When the deposited dose was taken into account, sub-acute inhalation and a single instillation of NM-401 and NM-403 produced very similar inflammation and DNA damage responses. Our data suggest that the dose-dependent inflammatory responses observed after intratracheal instillation and inhalation of MWCNTs are similar and were predicted by the deposited surface area.

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