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Abstract Background Dietary diversity refers to the consumption of a variety of foods or food groups over a given reference period, which is crucial for improving nutrition and overall health. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the association between dietary diversity and anthropometric indices in community-dwelling older adults living in Tehran in 2017 and 2021. Methods The current study was conducted on 368 older adults [204 (55.4%) women and 164 (44.6%) men] over 60 years of age living in Tehran, who were selected by a systematic cluster sampling method at two-time points, 2017 and 2021. Anthropometric measures (weight, height, hip circumference, and waist circumference) were assessed with standard methods. The participants’ dietary intake was assessed by completing two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls, and dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated based on Kant’s method. Statistical analysis was performed using R software by the mixed effect model method. Results The mean DDS of the participants in 2017 (5.07 ± 1.20) was higher than that in 2021 (4.94 ± 1.09) (p

Abstract Background and aim Health anxiety is a mental disorder that characterized by an excessive fear about health and physical symptoms. High anxiety in pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prenatal education on health anxiety of primigravid women. Methods The present study was quasi-experimental study. 122 primiparous pregnant women referred to comprehensive health services Shahrekord (A city in the southwest of Iran) clinics in 2019, after receiving consent to participate in the study, randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in 8 sessions (1.5-h), once every 2 weeks, from 20 to 37th weeks of gestation. The health anxiety questionnaire was completed on 20th (before the beginning of the courses), 28th and 37th weeks by two groups. Consequences of pregnancy included weight, Apgar score, delivery type, labor time and first breastfeeding time. SPSS version 16 software was used for data analysis. Results No significant difference was found type of delivery, gestational age, height, weight, head length, Apgar score, duration of hospitalization and first breastfeeding time. The duration of the active and latent phase of labor was significantly lower and the weight of newborn was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (P

Objective: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with a high mortality rate is among the most commontypes of cancer in the world. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is expressed higher than normal levelin the most HNSCC tumors, making them resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, HER2 has beenintroduced as a suitable target for anticancer drugs. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of a treatmentprotocol involving targeted delivery of idarubicin encapsulated in trastuzumab-decorated liposomes to HNSCC cells.Materials and Methods: In the current experimental study, efficacies of idarubicin, prepared liposomal idarubicin,and constructed immunoliposomal idarubicin (trastuzumab-decorated) were investigated in killing HN5 cells, a HER2-overexpressing HNSCC-originating cell line. Liposomal content of idarubicin and trastuzumab were qualified by UVVisiblespectroscopy and preparations were characterized for shape and size by atomic force microscopy (AFM) anddynamic light scattering (DLS). To clarify role of the missing parts of the available crystal structure (PDB ID: 1n8z)within trastuzumab-HER2 interactions, we used a 40 ns molecular dynamic simulation approach.Results: Based on the obtained results, liposomal idarubicin showed higher toxicity of the encapsulated drug on HN5cells compared to the traditional free drug formulations. The immunoliposomal form of idarubicin was more effectivethan the liposomal formulation, in killing of HN5 cells. In addition, simulation of interactions between trastuzumab andHER2 revealed that the missing parts (in the crystal structure) of HER2 have critical interaction with trastuzumab,through salt-bridges and hydrogen bonds.Conclusion: It seems that the prepared immunoliposomes could attach more efficiently to HER2 overexpressingcells, which consequently leads to increasing cellular uptake of idarubicin through a receptor-mediated endocytosismechanism. Moreover, simulation of the interaction between HER2 and trastuzumab suggested considerablepossibilities for increasing trastuzumab affinity to HER2.

The green spaces of the suburbs and existing parks inside the cities not only have recreational worth and is a place for spending people's leisure time, but also in most of the time they cause the development of tourism spaces of the city. This article studies 7 (seven ) parks in Isfahan city which tourists use them as temporal settlement areas. In this study, by using statistical methods, the data gathered through questionnaire, have been reviewed and analyzed and the satisfaction degree of tourists about the facilities and services of settlement places in outskirt parks of the city( special for tourists)have been studied and the obstacles and problems were identified, also for spatial analysis , AHP method ( analysis of network process) has been used.The findings showed that , by considering the indices of access, safety, environmental and economical, among the seven under study alternatives, (Najvan, Sofeh, Fadak, Esteqlal, Qaemieh, Sharq and Sad-hektary) , Fadak park obtained the first priority, which through the proper planning and management for equipping the outskirts parks as the recreational and pleasure sites for tourists and presenting recreational and accommodation facilities in these places, it is possible to decrease the problems of tourists' presence in Isfahan city

Background and Aims: According to the increasing evidence, abnormal expression of microRNAs is associated with tumorigenesis, tumor spread, and relapse in leukemias, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-155 overexpression in K562 cells on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Materials and Methods: The pLenti-III-pre miR-155-GFP vector was used to increase miR-155 expression in the K562 cell line through nucleofection compared to the pLenti-III-Backbone-GFP vector as a control group (Backbone). The flow cytometry method was employed to confirm the expression of the vector containing miR-155 in damaged cells. After transfection, the expression levels of miR-155, BAX, BCL2, CASP3, and TP53 were measured by the RT-qPCR method. The propidium iodide (PI) dye was used to study the cell cycle, and the stained cells were read by flow cytometry. The statistical significance was also defined as a P-value less than 0.05. Results: After confirming the increase in miR-155 expression when cells transfected with miR-155 were compared with cells transfected with Backbone, cell cycle arrest was observed in the miR-155 group. In the cells with increased expression of miR-155, the change in G0/S and G1/S ratios compared to Backbone was shown to be 7.5 and 4.5, respectively (P

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that gradually destroys the synovial joints and leads to chronic inflammation. This autoimmune disorder is associated with an increase in stress-related symptoms, including anxiety and depression, and a decrease in social behaviors, which severely reduces the patient's quality of life. Previous studies show that higher physical activity during adolescence may lead to a decrease in neurobehavioral disorders in adulthood. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the increase of physical activity from early adolescence on stress-related behaviors and inflammation in mice with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Male mice were randomly exposed to a running wheel from early adolescence to adulthood, and then rheumatoid arthritis was induced. Stress-related behaviors, including anxiety, depression and social behavior were investigated in animals. The level of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were also measured as important inflammatory markers in the serum. Results: The results showed that physical activity from early adolescence significantly resulted in decreased stress in mice with rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the running wheel led to a decrease in the levels of (IL-17) and (IFN-γ) in rheumatoid arthritis-induced mice as two important indicators of inflammation. Conclusion: This study shows that increased physical activity during adolescence to adulthood may make mice resistant to increased stress and inflammation caused by rheumatic arthritis.

Background and Objectives: This study assesses the vaginal button battery insertion in a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: For the literature review, online databases, such as Google Scholar and PubMed were searched with the following keywords: “Vaginal battery” OR “vaginal button battery” OR “vaginal battery insertion” AND “girl.” The search process considered articles in English with no publication year limitation. The included studies were published from 2005 until 2023. Case Presentation: We presented an eight-year-old, second-grade elementary school girl with ADHD and a history of methylphenidate consumption, referred to the general educational hospital in north Iran with the chief complaint of inserting a vaginal foreign body (VFB). On the night of the event. The child removed a small disc battery of her toys and inserted it into her vagina. Then, she told this to her parents and was referred to the hospital. The psychiatrist’s assessment showed no psychiatric disorder, except for ADHD. The patient’s abdomen was soft in physical examination and had a rebound tenderness complaint. Also, the entrance of the vagina was erythematosus, and vaginal discharge was seen. The primary assessment by pelvic radiography indicated a round button buttery in the upper segment of the rectum. In the surgery room, a gynecologist gently removed the button battery from the wall by rectal examination and milking from the upper under general anesthesia. The patient was febrile in the follow-up for 48 h and discharged with good general health without fever and severe psychiatric symptoms. In the review section of this study, case reports conducted regarding the insertion of battery in the vagina as a VFB in girls were searched and reported. Overall, 15 case reports were included in the literature review. Conclusions: Interdisciplinary cooperation among pediatric clinicians and gynecology specialists in dealing with cases of VFB associated with a wide range of emotional and behavioral disorders, such as ADHD should be considered.

Background: Herpes simplex type 2 is a common infection worldwide. This disease is common in both developed and developing countries. Early detection of infection is very important to reduce the risk of infection. Real-time reliable PCR is a very sensitive and specific method that can be used as the best marker in determining the therapeutic effect by identifying a viral genome in an individual. The prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 in women with genital herpes was evaluated by Real time PCR method. Methods: From January 1999 to March 2010, 45 samples of vaginal swabs and cervix of women with genital herpes were examined for HSV virus DNA detection using Real Time PCR. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.9 + 5.9. The percentage of positive cases of herpes simplex virus type 2 in the studied women was 22.2% and the history of infection with hpv was 33.3% vs. 12.5%. = 0.094 which was significant. Conclusion: Clinical specimens of vaginal swabs from genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus 2 can be quantitatively analyzed instead of nucleic acid extraction and amplification by PCR.

Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a challenging cardiopulmonary disease diagnosed when the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) is greater than 20 mmHg. Unfortunately, mPAP can only be measured through invasive right heart catheterization (RHC) motivating the development of novel non-invasive estimates. Pulmonary hypertension patients (n = 7) and control subjects (n = 8) had 2D phase contrast (PC) MRI of the main pulmonary artery during rest and moderate exercise. A novel method utilizing arterial mechanics was used to estimate mPAP and other pulmonary hemodynamics measures from the 2D PC images. mPAP estimated from MRI was greater in the PH group than the control group at both rest (24 ± 10 vs 12 ± 5 mmHg) and exercise (40 ± 8 vs 17 ± 9 mmHg). Area under the curve (AUC) calculated from receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis showed MRI estimated mPAP had excellent diagnostic ability to diagnose PH patients vs control subjects at rest and exercise (rest AUC = 0.91 [0.76 - 1.0], exercise AUC = 0.96 [0.88 - 1.0]). These are promising proof-of-concept results that pulmonary hemodynamics could be non-invasively estimated from an MRI and arterial mechanics approach. Future studies to determine the clinical utility of this method are needed.

BACKGROUND: The changes in everyday life, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, were rapid and unprecedented. This pandemic affected not only physical health but also well-being and life satisfaction. This study was designed to assess the status of a quality-of-life index and some related factors during the coronavirus pandemic in the public population of Rashtian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 784 Rashtian women who were selected by cluster random sampling between 2020 and 2021. The data collection tool was the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life questionnaire, which has two parts: satisfaction and importance of life. Each section consists of four subscales: health and performance, social and economic, psychological/spiritual, and family. Data analysis was done using descriptive and analytic statistics. RESULTS: The mean score of the quality-of-life index in this study was 21.39 (of 30), which is higher than the mean level. The scores obtained from the satisfaction section were inferior to the similar questions in the important section. The findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the quality-of-life scores of women living in different urban areas (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The feeling of satisfaction increases the ability to cope with problems and mental pressures and improves the level of mental and physical health of couples and ultimately of all members of society. So although the overall quality of life was above average, appropriate interventions should be designed to maintain and improve their satisfaction.

School violence and bullying are considered a serious concern worldwide. Evidence shows that applying the Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework could be effective in reducing school bullying. While there have been significant efforts to evaluate school-based anti-bullying interventions in the world, the implementation process and the effectiveness of this framework in reducing bullying in schools have not been previously evaluated in Iran. This mixed methods study was carried out using simultaneously a cross-sectional (900 students, 104, teachers/school executive staff, and 563 parents) and qualitative study (24 policy makers and teachers/school executive staff) to examine the implementation and effect of counseling and mental health services component of the Iranian Health Promoting School (IHPS) in 2017-2018. Results revealed that there were weaknesses in the implementation of all six elements of anti-bullying programs. A lack of any clean policy toward school violence and bullying, lack of priority set by local decision makers and principals of schools, logistical problems with providing training and supplying counseling resources, limited funding, and presence of competing issues and problems facing the schools were identified as barriers to implement violence and bullying prevention programs in schools. Results also showed that there were no significant differences between non-IHPS and IHPS in students' bullying behaviors (p = 0.228) and scores of leadership, the school environment, capacity, partnership, services and support, and evidence (p > 0.05). It is essential to revise the content and how to implement anti-bullying programs in schools.

Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of a support program on burden of spouses caring for their partners with breast cancer. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted among spouses of women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy at a referral chemotherapy center in Iran. They were assigned to intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) groups using permuted block randomization. Three small group sessions lasted 45–60 minutes, followed by three telephone-based sessions, lasting 15–20 minutes (twice a week). The intervention sessions included defining stress management strategies in different situations: strengthening creativity, optimism, and management in planning, and defining the role of the caregiver. Primary outcome was care burden, and secondary outcomes were spouses’ stress, satisfaction with intervention, and partners’ quality of life (QOL). The caregiver burden inventory, depression anxiety stress questionnaire, World Health Organization QOL brief version, and client satisfaction questionnaire were completed before and after the intervention and at a 6-week follow-up. Results Thirty-eight participants in each group with a mean age of 44.24±9.01 years completed the study. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the care burden (P

The aim of this paper is to provide a map of the economy of social media platforms. We analyse digital labour on Instagram. The article asks: How are the users, who provide unpaid labour on Instagram, exploited? What kinds of labour do we find on Instagram? In doing so, the paper contributes to the literature on digital labour and the attention economy. Social media platforms exploit paid and unpaid labour in the creation and realisation of value. They capture user-generated content, transform it into commodities and sell it to companies. The article presents the results of a case study of the digital labour of Persian Internet users on Instagram. We conducted a Netnography of popular Instagram users (influencers, Internet users who make shoutouts to brands and influencers) and a survey where 600 Instagram users participated.

The present study investigates the hidden experiences of students in the doctoral programs. This qualitative study was performed using the phenomenological method. The data were collected through the interview. The population consists of PhD graduates whose study period had passed. Using normal purposeful sampling, 45 graduates were interviewed. Strauss and Corbin method of data analysis was used for the analysis. 252 thematic phrases were divided to the five main themes: "The lack of cross-border communications", "failure in doing the main task", "lack of social justice", "lack of economic justice", "non-equality of universities" and "lack of equal opportunities".

Numerous studies have found category-specific semantic deficits in Alzheimers disease (AD). Thus far, however, only asmall number of studies have investigated how semantic categories lexicalized by verbs are represented, and how thesecategories might be impaired in AD. We investigated the representation and breakdown of verb knowledge employingdifferent syntactic and semantic classes of verbs in a group of probable AD patients (N=10) and matched controls. Inour main task, we employed movies of events and states depicting verbs belonging to three different classes: causatives,perception/psychological, and movement verbs. These verbs differ with regards to their argument structure, the thematicroles they assign, and their hypothetical semantic templates. Patients had more difficult employing verbs of the percep-tion/psychological class. We suggest that thematic roles play the most important role in verb semantic representations. Wefurther suggest that verbs are not represented by decompositional semantic templates.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension causes pulmonary artery (PA) stiffening, which overloads the right ventricle (RV). Since symptoms of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are exacerbated by exercise, exercise-induced PA stiffening is relevant to cardiopulmonary status. Here, we sought to demonstrate the feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for non-invasive assessment of exercise-induced changes in PA stiffness in patients with PH. Methods: MRI was performed on 7 PH patients and 8 age-matched control subjects at rest and during exercise stress. Main pulmonary artery (MPA) relative area change (RAC) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured from 2D-PC images. Invasive right heart catheterization (RHC) was performed on 5 of the PH patients in conjunction with exercise stress to measure MPA pressures and stiffness index (β). Results: Heart rate and cardiac index (CI) were significantly increased with exercise in both groups. In controls, RAC decreased from 0.27 ± 0.05 at rest to 0.22 ± 0.06 with exercise (P < 0.05); a modest increase in PWV was not significant (P = 0.06). In PH patients, RAC decreased from 0.15 ± 0.02 to 0.11 ± 0.01 (P < 0.05) and PWV and β increased from 3.9 ± 0.54 m/s and 1.86 ± 0.12 at rest to 5.75 ± 0.70 m/s and 3.25 ± 0.26 with exercise (P < 0.05 for both), respectively. These results confirm increased MPA stiffness with exercise stress in both groups and the non-invasive metrics of MPA stiffness correlated well with β. Finally, as assessed by PWV but not RAC, PA stiffness of PH patients increased more than that of controls for comparable levels of moderate exercise. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the feasibility of using MRI for non-invasive assessment of exercise-induced changes in MPA stiffness in a small, heterogeneous group of PH patients in a research context. Similar measurements in a larger cohort are required to investigate differences between PWV and RAC for estimation of MPA stiffness.