49 results on '"Francesco S. Violante"'
Search Results
2. Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018
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Emily Haeuser, Audrey L. Serfes, Michael A. Cork, Mingyou Yang, Hedayat Abbastabar, E. S. Abhilash, Maryam Adabi, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Victor Adekanmbi, Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka, Saira Afzal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Keivan Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Yonas Akalu, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M. Alanzi, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Vahid Alipour, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Saeed Amini, Dickson A. Amugsi, Robert Ancuceanu, Davood Anvari, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Jalal Arabloo, Olatunde Aremu, Mulusew A. Asemahagn, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Zelalem Nigussie Azene, B. B. Darshan, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Atif Amin Baig, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Arielle Wilder Bell, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Zebenay Workneh Bitew, Somayeh Bohlouli, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Archith Boloor, Ivana Bozicevic, Zahid A. Butt, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Richard G. Cowden, Saad M. A. Dahlawi, Giovanni Damiani, Eugene Kofuor Maafo Darteh, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, José das Neves, Nicole Davis Weaver, Diego De Leo, Jan-Walter De Neve, Kebede Deribe, Keshab Deuba, Samath Dharmaratne, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Daniel Diaz, Alireza Didarloo, Shirin Djalalinia, Fariba Dorostkar, Eleonora Dubljanin, Bereket Duko, Maha El Tantawi, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Oghenowede Eyawo, Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu, Sayeh Ezzikouri, Farshad Farzadfar, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A. Foigt, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M. Gad, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Lemma Getacher, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Mahaveer Golechha, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Samer Hamidi, Abdiwahab Hashi, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Khezar Hayat, Claudiu Herteliu, Hung Chak Ho, Ramesh Holla, Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Rakibul M. Islam, Chidozie C. D. Iwu, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ravi Prakash Jha, John S. Ji, Kimberly B. Johnson, Nitin Joseph, Vasna Joshua, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Leila R. Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Naser Kamyari, Tanuj Kanchan, Behzad Karami Matin, Salah Eddin Karimi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Maryam Keramati, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Jagdish Khubchandani, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Jacek A. Kopec, Soewarta Kosen, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Nuworza Kugbey, Vaman Kulkarni, Manasi Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Iván Landires, Heidi Jane Larson, Savita Lasrado, Paul H. Lee, Shanshan Li, Xuefeng Liu, Afshin Maleki, Preeti Malik, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Andreea Mirica, Babak Moazen, Osama Mohamad, Yousef Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Masoud Moradi, Paula Moraga, Sumaira Mubarik, Getaneh Baye B. Mulu, Lillian Mwanri, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Muhammad Naveed, Javad Nazari, Rawlance Ndejjo, Ionut Negoi, Frida N. Ngalesoni, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Chukwudi A. Nnaji, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Bogdan Oancea, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Andrew T. Olagunju, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Mayowa O. Owolabi, P. A. Mahesh, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Adrian Pana, Ashok Pandey, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, George C. Patton, Shrikant Pawar, Emmanuel K. Peprah, Maarten J. Postma, Liliana Preotescu, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Juwel Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sowmya J. Rao, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Lemma Demissie Regassa, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Mavra A. Riaz, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer M. Ross, Enrico Rubagotti, Susan Fred Rumisha, Godfrey M. Rwegerera, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Rajesh Sagar, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Maitreyi Sahu, Marwa Rashad Salem, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Abdallah M. Samy, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Amira A. Shaheen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Jae Il Shin, Roman Shrestha, Jasvinder A. Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Shahin Soltani, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Takahiro Tabuchi, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Nuno Taveira, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Rekha Thapar, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Francesco S. Violante, Bay Vo, Giang Thu Vu, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Yasir Waheed, Richard G. Wamai, Yanzhong Wang, Paul Ward, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Katherine Wilson, Sanni Yaya, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Simon I. Hay, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, and on behalf of Local Burden of Disease sub-Saharan Africa HIV Prevalence Collaborators
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HIV ,Mapping ,Africa ,Geostatistics ,Spatial statistics ,HIV prevalence ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. Methods We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. Results We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. Conclusions As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.
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- 2022
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3. Time-Trends in Air Pollution Impact on Health in Italy, 1990–2019: An Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Sara Conti, Carla Fornari, Pietro Ferrara, Ippazio C. Antonazzo, Fabiana Madotto, Eugenio Traini, Miriam Levi, Achille Cernigliaro, Benedetta Armocida, Nicola L. Bragazzi, Ennio Cadum, Michele Carugno, Giacomo Crotti, Silvia Deandrea, Paolo A. Cortesi, Davide Guido, Ivo Iavicoli, Sergio Iavicoli, Carlo La Vecchia, Paolo Lauriola, Paola Michelozzi, Salvatore Scondotto, Massimo Stafoggia, Francesco S. Violante, Cristiana Abbafati, Luciana Albano, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Antonio Biondi, Cristina Bosetti, Danilo Buonsenso, Giulia Carreras, Giulio Castelpietra, Alberico Catapano, Maria S. Cattaruzza, Barbara Corso, Giovanni Damiani, Francesco Esposito, Silvano Gallus, Davide Golinelli, Simon I. Hay, Gaetano Isola, Caterina Ledda, Stefania Mondello, Paolo Pedersini, Umberto Pensato, Norberto Perico, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Francesco Sanmarchi, Rocco Santoro, Biagio Simonetti, Brigid Unim, Marco Vacante, Massimiliano Veroux, Jorge H. Villafañe, Lorenzo Monasta, and Lorenzo G. Mantovani
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air pollution ,particulate matter ,ozone ,global burden of disease ,air quality regulations ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objectives: We explored temporal variations in disease burden of ambient particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone in Italy using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Methods: We compared temporal changes and percent variations (95% Uncertainty Intervals [95% UI]) in rates of disability adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost, years lived with disability and mortality from 1990 to 2019, and variations in pollutant-attributable burden with those in the overall burden of each PM2.5- and ozone-related disease.Results: In 2019, 467,000 DALYs (95% UI: 371,000, 570,000) were attributable to PM2.5 and 39,600 (95% UI: 18,300, 61,500) to ozone. The crude DALY rate attributable to PM2.5 decreased by 47.9% (95% UI: 10.3, 65.4) from 1990 to 2019. For ozone, it declined by 37.0% (95% UI: 28.9, 44.5) during 1990–2010, but it increased by 44.8% (95% UI: 35.5, 56.3) during 2010–2019. Age-standardized rates declined more than crude ones.Conclusion: In Italy, the burden of ambient PM2.5 (but not of ozone) significantly decreased, even in concurrence with population ageing. Results suggest a positive impact of air quality regulations, fostering further regulatory efforts.
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- 2023
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4. Corrigendum: Temporal trends of COVID-19 antibodies in vaccinated healthcare workers undergoing repeated serological sampling: an individual-level analysis within 13 months in the ORCHESTRA cohort
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Giulia Collatuzzo, Giuseppe De Palma, Francesco S. Violante, Stefano Porru, Francesca Larese Filon, Eleonora Fabianova, Concepción Violán, Luigi Vimercati, Mihaela Leustean, Marta Maria Rodriguez-Suarez, Emanuele Sansone, Emma Sala, Carlotta Zunarelli, Vittorio Lodi, Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco, Gianluca Spiteri, Corrado Negro, Jana Beresova, LucÌa A. Carrasco-Ribelles, Silvio Tafuri, Shuffield S. Asafo, Giorgia Ditano, Mahsa Abedini, and Paolo Boffetta
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serial serology ,antibodies ,temporal trends ,COVID-19 vaccination ,health care workers ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Published
- 2023
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5. The burden of injury in Central, Eastern, and Western European sub-region: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study
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Juanita A. Haagsma, Periklis Charalampous, Filippo Ariani, Anne Gallay, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Evangelia Nena, Che Henry Ngwa, Alexander Rommel, Ausra Zelviene, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Hanadi Al Hamad, Luciana Albano, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Olatunde Aremu, Ashokan Arumugam, Alok Atreya, Avinash Aujayeb, Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Massimiliano Beghi, Derrick A. Bennett, Akshaya S. Bhagavathula, Félix Carvalho, Giulio Castelpietra, Ledda Caterina, Joht Singh Chandan, Rosa A. S. Couto, Natália Cruz-Martins, Giovanni Damiani, Anna Dastiridou, Andreas K. Demetriades, Diana Dias-da-Silva, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Florian Fischer, Urbano Fra.Paleo, Silvia Ghirini, James C. Glasbey, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Nelson G. M. Gomes, Michal Grivna, Netanja I. Harlianto, Josep Maria Haro, M. Tasdik Hasan, Sorin Hostiuc, Ivo Iavicoli, Milena D. Ilic, Irena M. Ilic, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Joonas H. Kauppila, Gbenga A. Kayode, Moien A. B. Khan, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Ai Koyanagi, Manasi Kumar, Om P. Kurmi, Carlo La-Vecchia, Demetris Lamnisos, Savita Lasrado, Paolo Lauriola, Shai Linn, Joana A. Loureiro, Raimundas Lunevicius, Aurea Madureira-Carvalho, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Azeem Majeed, Ritesh G. Menezes, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Tomasz Miazgowski, Bartosz Miazgowski, Andreea Mirica, Mariam Molokhia, Shafiu Mohammed, Lorenzo Monasta, Francesk Mulita, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Ionut Negoi, Subas Neupane, Bogdan Oancea, Hans Orru, Adrian Otoiu, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Shahina Pardhan, Jay Patel, Paolo Pedersini, Marina Pinheiro, Ivo Rakovac, Chythra R. Rao, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Violet Rodrigues, Luca Ronfani, Dominic Sagoe, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Brijesh Sathian, Aziz Sheikh, Rahman Shiri, Siddharudha Shivalli, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Catalin-Gabriel Smarandache, Bogdan Socea, Raúl A. R. C. Sousa, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Fimka Tozija, Sarah Van de Velde, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Massimiliano Veroux, Francesco S. Violante, Vasiliy Vlassov, Yanzhong Wang, Ali Yadollahpour, Sanni Yaya, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Suzanne Polinder, and Marek Majdan
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Burden of disease ,Injuries ,Disability adjusted life years ,Mortality ,Europe ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Injury remains a major concern to public health in the European region. Previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study showed wide variation in injury death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rates across Europe, indicating injury inequality gaps between sub-regions and countries. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare GBD 2019 estimates on injury mortality and DALYs across European sub-regions and countries by cause-of-injury category and sex; 2) examine changes in injury DALY rates over a 20 year-period by cause-of-injury category, sub-region and country; and 3) assess inequalities in injury mortality and DALY rates across the countries. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the GBD 2019 results on injuries in 44 European countries from 2000 to 2019. Inequality in DALY rates between these countries was assessed by calculating the DALY rate ratio between the highest-ranking country and lowest-ranking country in each year. Results In 2019, in Eastern Europe 80 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 71 to 89] people per 100,000 died from injuries; twice as high compared to Central Europe (38 injury deaths per 100,000; 95% UI 34 to 42) and three times as high compared to Western Europe (27 injury deaths per 100,000; 95%UI 25 to 28). The injury DALY rates showed less pronounced differences between Eastern (5129 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 4547 to 5864), Central (2940 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 2452 to 3546) and Western Europe (1782 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 1523 to 2115). Injury DALY rate was lowest in Italy (1489 DALYs per 100,000) and highest in Ukraine (5553 DALYs per 100,000). The difference in injury DALY rates by country was larger for males compared to females. The DALY rate ratio was highest in 2005, with DALY rate in the lowest-ranking country (Russian Federation) 6.0 times higher compared to the highest-ranking country (Malta). After 2005, the DALY rate ratio between the lowest- and the highest-ranking country gradually decreased to 3.7 in 2019. Conclusions Injury mortality and DALY rates were highest in Eastern Europe and lowest in Western Europe, although differences in injury DALY rates declined rapidly, particularly in the past decade. The injury DALY rate ratio of highest- and lowest-ranking country declined from 2005 onwards, indicating declining inequalities in injuries between European countries.
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- 2022
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6. Temporal trends of COVID-19 antibodies in vaccinated healthcare workers undergoing repeated serological sampling: An individual-level analysis within 13 months in the ORCHESTRA cohort
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Giulia Collatuzzo, Giuseppe De Palma, Francesco S. Violante, Stefano Porru, Francesca Larese Filon, Eleonora Fabianova, Concepción Violán, Luigi Vimercati, Mihaela Leustean, Marta Maria Rodriguez-Suarez, Emanuele Sansone, Emma Sala, Carlotta Zunarelli, Vittorio Lodi, Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco, Gianluca Spiteri, Corrado Negro, Jana Beresova, LucÌa A. Carrasco-Ribelles, Silvio Tafuri, Shuffield S. Asafo, Giorgia Ditano, Mahsa Abedini, and Paolo Boffetta
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serial serology ,antibodies ,temporal trends ,COVID-19 vaccination ,health care workers ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Short summaryWe investigated changes in serologic measurements after COVID-19 vaccination in 19,422 subjects. An individual-level analysis was performed on standardized measurements. Age, infection, vaccine doses, time between doses and serologies, and vaccine type were associated with changes in serologic levels within 13 months.BackgroundPersistence of vaccine immunization is key for COVID-19 prevention.MethodsWe investigated the difference between two serologic measurements of anti-COVID-19 S1 antibodies in an individual-level analysis on 19,422 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW) from Italy, Spain, Romania, and Slovakia, tested within 13 months from first dose. Differences in serologic levels were divided by the standard error of the cohort-specific distribution, obtaining standardized measurements. We fitted multivariate linear regression models to identify predictors of difference between two measurements.ResultsWe observed a progressively decreasing difference in serologic levels from
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- 2023
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7. Determinants of anti-S immune response at 6 months after COVID-19 vaccination in a multicentric European cohort of healthcare workers – ORCHESTRA project
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Giulia Collatuzzo, Giovanni Visci, Francesco S. Violante, Stefano Porru, Gianluca Spiteri, Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco, Francesca Larese Fillon, Corrado Negro, Christian Janke, Noemi Castelletti, Giuseppe De Palma, Emanuele Sansone, Dana Mates, Silvia Teodorescu, Eleonóra Fabiánová, Jana Bérešová, Luigi Vimercati, Silvio Tafuri, Mahsa Abedini, Giorgia Ditano, Shuffield S. Asafo, Paolo Boffetta, Orchestra WP5 Working Group, Carlotta Zunarelli, Roberta Bonfiglioli, Angela Carta, Giuseppe Verlato, Giuseppe Lippi, Davide Gibellini, Maria Diletta Pezzani, Lorena Torroni, Michael Hoelscher, Andreas Wieser, Christina Reinkemeyer, Michael Plank, Ivan Noreña, Raquel Rubio-Acero, Simon Winter, Mihaela Leustean, Ovidiu Perseca, Madalina Ipate, Agripina Rascu, Jozef Strhársky, Petra Hellebrandt, Daniela Križanová, Marianna Mrázová, Luigi De Maria, Stefania Sponselli, Pasquale Stefanizzi, and Antonio Caputi
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vaccine ,COVID – 19 ,serology ,health care workers (HCW) ,immune response ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
BackgroundThe duration of immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is of major interest. Our aim was to analyze the determinants of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer at 6 months after 2-dose vaccination in an international cohort of vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs).MethodsWe analyzed data on levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 6,327 vaccinated HCWs from 8 centers from Germany, Italy, Romania and Slovakia. Time between 1st dose and serology ranged 150-210 days. Serological levels were log-transformed to account for the skewness of the distribution and normalized by dividing them by center-specific standard errors, obtaining standardized values. We fitted center-specific multivariate regression models to estimate the cohort-specific relative risks (RR) of an increase of 1 standard deviation of log antibody level and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), and finally combined them in random-effects meta-analyses.ResultsA 6-month serological response was detected in 99.6% of HCWs. Female sex (RR 1.10, 95%CI 1.00-1.21), past infection (RR 2.26, 95%CI 1.73-2.95) and two vaccine doses (RR 1.50, 95%CI 1.22-1.84) predicted higher IgG titer, contrary to interval since last dose (RR for 10-day increase 0.94, 95%CI 0.91-0.97) and age (RR for 10-year increase 0.87, 95%CI 0.83-0.92). M-RNA-based vaccines (p
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- 2022
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8. Disability and physical examination signs among workers with shoulder pain
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Roberta Bonfiglioli, Francesco Marinelli, Francesca Graziosi, and Francesco S. Violante
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2022
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9. The role of the occupational physician in controlling gastric cancer attributable to Helicobacter pylori infection: A review
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Giulia Collatuzzo, Giulia Fiorini, Berardino Vaira, Francesco S. Violante, Andrea Farioli, and Paolo Boffetta
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Helicobacter pylori ,Gastric cancer ,Prevention ,Occupational medicine ,Workplace ,Medicine - Abstract
This review aimed to describe the potential role of occupational physician in the implementation of a screening program for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection for gastric cancer prevention.We reviewed the epidemiological background of gastric cancer and its association with Hp, exploring the hypothesis of a “test-and-treat” protocol among working population. Clinical trials and model-based studies were collected to provided empirical evidence of the feasibility of eradication on large scale. In particular, previous studies conducted in occupational settings were discussed.Hp prevalence ranges between about 20 and 90%, with higher rates in Asia and Latin America and lower rates in Europe and North America. Large-scale trials on screening and treatment of infection have been conducted especially in East Asia, lacking elsewhere. Only few studies investigated Hp prevalence among workers. The benefit of eradication at occupational level has not yet been adequately studied.The design of a workplace-based Hp screening program appears to be innovative and could contribute to controlling gastric cancer. The benefit would involve not only high-risk subjects, but also their families, since the route of transmission is principally within the household. An occupational setting for a Hp screening would have positive consequences in terms of individual and public health.
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- 2021
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10. The Importance of Context in Screening in Occupational Health Interventions in Organizations: A Mixed Methods Study
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Michela Vignoli, Karina Nielsen, Dina Guglielmi, Maria C. Tabanelli, and Francesco S. Violante
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screening ,psychological well-being ,mixed methods ,job demands-resources model ,context ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
In occupational health interventions, there is a debate as to whether standardized or tailored measures should be used to identify which aspects of the psychosocial work environment should be targeted in order to improve employees’ well-being. Using the Job Demands-Resources model, the main aim of the present study is to demonstrate how a mixed methods approach to conducting screening enables the identification of potential context-dependent demands and resources in the workplace, which should to be targeted by the intervention. Specifically, we used a mixed methods exploratory sequential research design. First, we conducted four focus groups (N = 37) in a sample of employees working in grocery stores in Italy. The qualitative results allowed to identify one possible context-specific job demand: the use of a work scheduling IT software, whose implementation resulted in a high rotation between different market’s departments. From the qualitative results, this context-specific demand seemed to be related to workers’ well-being. Thus, in a subsequent questionnaire survey (N = 288), we included this demand together with generic measures of social support and psychological well-being. Results confirmed that this context-specific job demand was related to emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, it was found that social support moderated the relationship between this specific job demand and emotional exhaustion showing among employees whose activities depended on the IT software, employees that perceived higher levels of social support from colleagues experienced lower levels of emotional exhaustion with respect to their colleagues who perceived lower levels of social support. The present study confirms that mixed methods approach is useful in occupational health intervention research and offers a way forward on helping organizations prioritize their intervention activities.
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- 2017
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11. Occupational Lifting Tasks and Retinal Detachment in Non-Myopics and Myopics: Extended Analysis of a Case-control Study
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Stefano Mattioli, Stefania Curti, Rocco De Fazio, Robin Mt Cooke, Francesca Zanardi, Roberta Bonfiglioli, Andrea Farioli, and Francesco S. Violante
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Retinal detachment ,Lifting ,Occupational exposure ,Occupational diseases ,Case-control studies ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objectives: Lifting heavy weights involves the Valsalva manoeuvre, which leads to intraocular pressure spikes. We used data from a case-control study to further investigate the hypothesis that occupational lifting is a risk factor for retinal detachment. Methods: The study population included 48 cases (patients operated for retinal detachment) and 84 controls (outpatients attending an eye clinic). The odds ratios (OR) of idiopathic retinal detachment were estimated with a logistic regression model (adjusted for age, sex and body mass index). Three indexes were used to examine exposure to lifting; 1) maximum load lifted, 2) average weekly lifting, 3) lifelong cumulative lifting. Results: For all indexes, the most exposed subjects showed an increased risk of retinal detachment compared with the unexposed (index 1: OR 3.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-10.48; index 2: OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.32-7.97; index 3: OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.27-8.74) and dose-response relationships were apparent. Conclusion: These results reinforce the hypothesis that heavy occupational lifting may be a relevant risk factor for retinal detachment.
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- 2012
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12. Mediating Effect of Burnout Dimensions on Musculoskeletal Pain: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Organisational Identification.
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Giulia Paganin, Roberta Bonfiglioli, Dina Guglielmi, Francesco S. Violante, and Greta Mazzetti
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- 2023
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13. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Khanh Bao Tran, Justin J Lang, Kelly Compton, Rixing Xu, Alistair R Acheson, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, Jonathan M Kocarnik, Louise Penberthy, Amirali Aali, Qamar Abbas, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ahmed Abdelwahab Abdelwahab, Gholamreza Abdoli, Hanan Abdulkadir Abdulkadir, Aidin Abedi, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Abdorrahim Absalan, Yonas Derso Abtew, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Basavaprabhu Achappa, Juan Manuel Acuna, Daniel Addison, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Shailesh M Advani, Sumia Afrin, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Manik Aggarwal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Sohail Ahmad, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Wajeeha Aiman, Marjan Ajami, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Addis Aklilu, Maxwell Akonde, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Saleh Ali Alessy, Abdelazeem M Algammal, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Motasem Alkhayyat, Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri, Sami Almustanyir, Nivaldo Alonso, Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Rami H Hani Al-Rifai, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Ala'a B Al-Tammemi, Haya Altawalah, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Firehiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi, Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq, Hubert Amu, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Robert Ancuceanu, Jason A Anderson, Yaregal Animut Animut, Amir Anoushiravani, Ali Arash Anoushirvani, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, Benny Antony, Maxwell Hubert Antwi, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Razique Anwer, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal 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Melinda Gates Foundation, Kuwait University (Kuwait), Ministry of Higher Education (Malasia), Lega Italiana per la Lotta ai Tumori, Health Effects Institute (Estados Unidos), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. European Research Council (ERC), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), African-German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, National Institute for Health Research (Reino Unido), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finnish Cancer Foundation, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (India), Xiamen University (Malasia), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Panjab University (India), Sistema Nacional de Investigación (Panamá), Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Panamá), Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Lung Foundation Australia, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Wellcome Trust, UNSW Sydney (Australia), ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology (India), University of Tasmania (Australia), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (Irán), Ain Shams University (Egipto), International Center of Medical Sciences Research (Islamabad), National Institutes of Health (Estados Unidos), University of Oxford (Reino Unido), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Irán), Marga und Walter Boll - Stiftung, Ministero della Salute (Italia), IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo (Italia), King College London, Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance (India), Public Health, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, and University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
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Male ,DEATHS ,DALY, cancer, risk factors ,Medizin ,systematic analysis ,Global Health ,Risk Assessment ,Cancer prevention ,Global Burden of Disease ,RC0254 ,Risk-attributable cancer deaths ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,RA0421 ,Risk Factors ,RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine ,Quality-Adjusted Life Year ,Neoplasms ,cancer ,Humans ,Global Burden of Disease Study ,UK ,Medicine(all) ,MCC ,RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer) ,Risk Factor ,Smoking ,COVID-19 ,3rd-DAS ,General Medicine ,Disability-adjusted life-years ,SOCIAL DETERMINANTS ,Risk assessments ,risk factor ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,OBESITY ,Cancer burden ,Neoplasm ,Female ,LIFE-STYLE ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,HEALTH ,RA ,Human ,RC - Abstract
Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]). Interpretation: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. We are grateful to the surveillance systems, including cancer registries, that generated and shared observed cancer burden data. S M Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. H Ariffin acknowledges support from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (grant FRGS/1/2021/SKK0/UM/01/1). F Barra acknowledges support from Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori - LILT - Bando 5 x 1000 anno 2019. L Belo and M Carvalho acknowledge the support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. A J Cohen was supported by the Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, USA. J Conde acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council - ERC Starting Grant 848325. V M Costa acknowledges her grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. T C Ekundayo was supported by the African-German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvH). N Ghith acknowledges support from a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). J C Glasbey is support by a Doctoral Research Fellowship from the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR300175). V K Gupta and V B Gupta acknowledge funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu, A Pana, and M Ausloos acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is also partially supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported from Operational Programme Research, Development and Education–Project, Postdoc2MUNI (number CZ.02.2. 69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). M Jakovljevic acknowledges partial support through the grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. J H Kauppila acknowledges research grants from Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Finnish Cancer Foundation. M N Khatib acknowledges support from Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (deemed-to-be-university). Y J Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004]. S L Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional assistance by Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). M-C Li was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 110-2314-B-003-001). G Liu acknowledges support from the CREATE Hope scientific fellowship from Lung Foundation Australia. J Liu acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation (72122001). J A Loureiro was supported by Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT; CEECINST/00049/2018). E Mathews is supported by a Clinical and Public Health Early Career Fellowship (grant number IA/CPHE/17/1/503345) from the DBT India Alliance/Wellcome Trust Department of Biotechnology, India Alliance (2018–2023). T J Meretoja was supported by an unrestricted grant from Cancer Foundation Finland sr. S Mohammed acknowledges a fellowship grant from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, outside the submitted work. M Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. L Monasta received support from the Italian Ministry of Health at the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste - Italy (RC 34/2017). U Mons is supported by the Marga and Walter Boll Foundation, Kerpen, Germany. M A Moosavi acknowledges the financial support of National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB). J Musa acknowledges support from the NIH/FICK43TW011416 for research-protected time for cervical cancer research and career development at University of Jos. V Nuñez-Samudio is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). O O Odukoya acknowledges support by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under the award number K43TW010704 for research-protected time. The content is solely the responsibility of all the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. A S Oguntade acknowledges funding by a doctoral scholarship from the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (Oxford Population Health). J R Padubidri acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for their constant support in research collaborations. R G Pestell acknowledges support from NIH grant W81XWH1810605 Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Grant R21 CA235139-01. Z Z Piracha acknowledges the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad (44000), Pakistan. R A Radhakrishnan acknowledges support from Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance - IA/CPHI/18/1/503927. U Saeed acknowledges the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges the support from Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F Sha was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant number KQTD20190929172835662). H R Shahsavari acknowledges the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council. A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for all the academic support. D A S Silva acknowledges financing in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and D A S Silva is supported in part by CNPq-Brazil (309589/2021-5). L M L R Silva was supported by project CENTRO-04-3559-FSE-000162, Fundo Social Europeu (FSE). Am Singh is supported by the International Graduate Research Scholarship, University of Tasmania. R Suliankatchi Abdulkader acknowledges support from ICMR—National Institute of Epidemiology. B Unnikrishnan acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. H Xiao acknowledges support from the Public Health Sciences Division of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. X Xu is supported by the University of New South Wales (Australia) Scientia Program. C Yu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 82173626) and Wuhan Medical Research Program of Joint Fund of Hubei Health Committee (grant number WJ2019H304). Sí
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- 2022
14. Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18: a geospatial modelling study
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Joseph Jon Frostad, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Mathew M Baumann, Brigette F Blacker, Laurie B Marczak, Aniruddha Deshpande, Kirsten E Wiens, Kate E LeGrand, Kimberly B Johnson, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Hassan Abolhassani, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R M Abrigo, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Victor Adekanmbi, Anurag Agrawal, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Ziyad Al-Aly, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Vahid Alipour, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Adeladza Kofi Amegah, Saeed Amini, Fatemeh Amiri, Dickson A Amugsi, Robert Ancuceanu, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Davood Anvari, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Marcel Ausloos, Getinet Ayano, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Ashish D Badiye, Atif Amin Baig, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Sanjay Basu, Neeraj Bedi, Michelle L Bell, Derrick A Bennett, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Sadia Bibi, Somayeh Bohlouli, Soufiane Boufous, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Ester Cerin, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Sarika Chaturvedi, Simiao Chen, Dinh-Toi Chu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Saad M A Dahlawi, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Jai K Das, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Diego De Leo, Jan-Walter De Neve, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Sagnik Dey, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Fariba Dorostkar, Leila Doshmangir, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Hisham Atan Edinur, Ferry Efendi, Maha El Tantawi, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Ibtihal Fadhil, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Syed Amir Gilani, Tiffany K Gill, Alessandra C Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Davide Guido, Yuming Guo, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Randah R Hamadeh, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Soheil Hassanipour, Khezar Hayat, Behzad Heibati, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mohamed Hsairi, Guoqing Hu, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chidozie C D Iwu, Jalil Jaafari, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Tahereh Javaheri, Ravi Prakash Jha, John S Ji, Jost B Jonas, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Rohollah Kalhor, Naser Kamyari, Tanuj Kanchan, Umesh Kapil, Neeti Kapoor, Gbenga A Kayode, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Yousef Saleh Khader, Nauman Khalid, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Jagdish Khubchandani, Gyu Ri Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Luke D Knibbs, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Faris Hasan Lami, Qing Lan, Savita Lasrado, Paolo Lauriola, Paul H Lee, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Daiane Borges Machado, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Mina Maheri, Azeem Majeed, Afshin Maleki, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Natalie Maria Martinez, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Benjamin K Mayala, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Irmina Maria Michalek, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Maryam Mirzaei, Roya Mirzaei, Babak Moazen, Yousef Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, Abbas Mosapour, Simin Mouodi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Sandra B Munro, Christopher J L Murray, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Sanjeev Nair, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Javad Nazari, Ionut Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Anamika Pandey, Eun-Cheol Park, Eun-Kee Park, Sangram Kishor Patel, Hai Quang Pham, Thomas Pilgrim, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Maarten J Postma, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Fakher Rahim, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sowmya J Rao, Davide Rasella, Prateek Rastogi, Goura Kishor Rath, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Reza Rawassizadeh, Andre M N Renzaho, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Morteza Rostamian, Enrico Rubagotti, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Basema Saddik, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Marwa Rashad Salem, Abdallah M Samy, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, David C Schwebel, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Saeed Shahabi, Amira A Shaheen, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Aziz Sheikh, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Ranjitha S Shetty, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, K M Shivakumar, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Yitagesu Sintayehu, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Leo Stockfelt, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Amir Taherkhani, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Saif Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Santosh Varughese, Francesco S Violante, Bay Vo, Giang Thu Vu, Yasir Waheed, Yuan-Pang Wang, Catherine A Welgan, Andrea Werdecker, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Sanni Yaya, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Taraneh Yousefinezhadi, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yu, Sojib Bin Zaman, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Michael Brauer, Simon I Hay, Robert C Reiner, Frostad, Joseph Jon, Nguyen, Quynh Anh P, Baumann, Mathew M, Blacker, Brigette F, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Reiner, Robert C, Jr, Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Household Air Pollution, Lacey, BWH, Yaya, S, Frostad J.J., Nguyen Q.P., Baumann M.M., Blacker B.F., Marczak L.B., Deshpande A., Wiens K.E., LeGrand K.E., Johnson K.B., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abdoli A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu-Rmeileh N.M., Adekanmbi V., Agrawal A., Ahmed M.B., Al-Aly Z., Alanezi F.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alipour V., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Amegah A.K., Amini S., Amiri F., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C.L., Andrei T., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Athari S.S., Ausloos M., Ayano G., Aynalem Y.A., Azari S., Badiye A.D., Baig A.A., Balakrishnan K., Banach M., Basu S., Bedi N., Bell M.L., Bennett D.A., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bohlouli S., Boufous S., Bragazzi N.L., Braithwaite D., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Cerin E., Chattu S.K., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi P., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chu D.-T., Chung S.-C., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Darwesh A.M., Das J.K., Dash A.P., Davila-Cervantes C.A., De Leo D., De Neve J.-W., Demissie G.D., Denova-Gutierrez E., Dey S., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duraes A.R., Edinur H.A., Efendi F., El Tantawi M., Eskandarieh S., Fadhil I., Fattahi N., Fauk N.K., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaidhane A.M., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Goulart A.C., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Guido D., Guo Y., Gupta R.D., Gupta R., Gutierrez R.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hamadeh R.R., Hasaballah A.I., Hassanipour S., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Hosseinzadeh M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Iwu C.C.D., Jaafari J., Jakovljevic M., Javaheri T., Jha R.P., Ji J.S., Jonas J.B., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalhor R., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Kapil U., Kapoor N., Kayode G.A., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khan M., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Khayamzadeh M., Khubchandani J., Kim G.R., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Knibbs L.D., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lami F.H., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lauriola P., Lee P.H., Lewycka S., Li S., Machado D.B., Mahasha P.W., Maheri M., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martinez N.M., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Mayala B.K., Mehndiratta M.M., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Michalek I.M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei R., Moazen B., Mohammad Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mukhopadhyay S., Munro S.B., Murray C.J.L., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Nair S., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Nazari J., Negoi I., Netsere H.B., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen H.L.T., Noubiap J.J., Oancea B., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omar Bali A., Onwujekwe O.E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Pandey A., Park E.-C., Park E.-K., Patel S.K., Pham H.Q., Pilgrim T., Pirsaheb M., Pokhrel K.N., Postma M.J., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rahim F., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rahmani A.M., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rasella D., Rastogi P., Rath G.K., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renzaho A.M.N., Reshmi B., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Rickard J., Roever L., Ronfani L., Rostamian M., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahiledengle B., Salem M.R., Samy A.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sathian B., Sathish T., Schwebel D.C., Sepanlou S.G., Shahabi S., Shaheen A.A., Shahid I., Shaikh M.A., Shalash A.S., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty R.S., Shiferaw W.S., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shivakumar K.M., Siabani S., Siddiqi T.J., Singh B.B., Singh J.A., Sintayehu Y., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stockfelt L., Sufiyan M.B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taherkhani A., Temsah M.-H., Thankappan K.R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Ullah S., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Valadan Tahbaz S., Varughese S., Violante F.S., Vo B., Vu G.T., Waheed Y., Wang Y.-P., Welgan C.A., Werdecker A., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yilma M.T., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yu Y., Zaman S.B., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Brauer M., Hay S.I., Reiner R.C., HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, and Department of Oncology
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Fuel reliance ,Pollution exposure ,Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale e Applicata ,air pollution ,global health ,610 Medicine & health ,Burden ,low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) ,Exposure ,Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica ,RA0421 ,health effects ,mortality 2000-2018 ,Humans ,Cooking ,Patterns ,Child ,Developing Countries ,Poverty ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Cooking fuels ,Energy ,Solid-fuel use ,Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries ,Household air-pollution ,General Medicine ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,QR ,Health risks ,Household air pollution ,Impacts ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Africa ,solid fuels - Abstract
Background:More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods:We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings:Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation:Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution.
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- 2022
15. Redistribution of garbage codes to underlying causes of death: a systematic analysis on Italy and a comparison with most populous Western European countries based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Monasta, Lorenzo, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Pasovic, Maja, Cunningham, Matthew, Armocida, Benedetta, J L Murray, Christopher, Ronfani, Luca, Naghavi, Mohsen, Lorenzo Monasta, Gianfranco Alicandro, Maja Pasovic, Matthew Cunningham, Benedetta Armocida, Luciana Albano, Ettore Beghi, Massimiliano Beghi, Cristina Bosetti, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Giulia Carreras, Giulio Castelpietra, Alberico L Catapano, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Giulia Collatuzzo, Sara Conti, Giovanni Damiani, Pietro Ferrara, Carla Fornari, Silvano Gallus, Simona Giampaoli, Davide Golinelli, Gaetano Isola, Paolo Lauriola, Carlo La Vecchia, Matilde Leonardi, Francesca Giulia Magnani, Giada Minelli, Marcello Moccia, Paolo Pedersini, Norberto Perico, Alberto Raggi, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Francesco Sanmarchi, Davide Sattin, Brigid Unim, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Francesco S Violante, Christopher J L Murray, Luca Ronfani, and Mohsen Naghavi, Lorenzo, Monasta, Gianfranco, Alicandro, Maja, Pasovic, Matthew, Cunningham, Benedetta, Armocida, Christopher, J L Murray, Luca, Ronfani, Mohsen, Naghavi, Monasta, Lorenzo, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Pasovic, Maja, Cunningham, Matthew, Armocida, Benedetta, Albano, Luciana, Beghi, Ettore, Beghi, Massimiliano, Bosetti, Cristina, Luigi Bragazzi, Nicola, Carreras, Giulia, Castelpietra, Giulio, L Catapano, Alberico, Sofia Cattaruzza, Maria, Collatuzzo, Giulia, Conti, Sara, Damiani, Giovanni, Ferrara, Pietro, Fornari, Carla, Gallus, Silvano, Giampaoli, Simona, Golinelli, Davide, Isola, Gaetano, Lauriola, Paolo, La Vecchia, Carlo, Leonardi, Matilde, Giulia Magnani, Francesca, Minelli, Giada, Moccia, Marcello, Pedersini, Paolo, Perico, Norberto, Raggi, Alberto, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Sattin, Davide, Unim, Brigid, Hugo Villafañe, Jorge, S Violante, Francesco, L Murray, Christopher J, Ronfani, Luca, Mohsen Naghavi, And, Monasta, L, Alicandro, G, Pasovic, M, Cunningham, M, Armocida, B, Albano, L, Beghi, E, Beghi, M, Conti, S, Ferrara, P, and Fornari, C
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diabetes mellitus type 2 ,garbage ,analysis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,causes of death ,garbage codes ,Global Health ,italy global burden of disease ,Global Burden of Disease ,Stroke ,ischemic stroke ,heterogeneity ,glasgow coma scale ,diabetes mellitus, type 2 ,Cause of Death ,italy ,Humans ,Algorithms - Abstract
Background The proportion of reported causes of death (CoDs) that are not underlying causes can be relevant even in high-income countries and seriously affect health planning. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study identifies these ‘garbage codes’ (GCs) and redistributes them to underlying causes using evidence-based algorithms. Planners relying on vital registration data will find discrepancies with GBD estimates. We analyse these discrepancies, through the analysis of GCs and their redistribution. Methods We explored the case of Italy, at national and regional level, and compared it to nine other Western European countries with similar population sizes. We analysed differences between official data and GBD 2019 estimates, for the period 1990–2017 for which we had vital registration data for most select countries. Results In Italy, in 2017, 33 000 deaths were attributed to unspecified type of stroke and 15 000 to unspecified type of diabetes, these making a fourth of the overall garbage. Significant heterogeneity exists on the overall proportion of GCs, type (unspecified or impossible underlying causes), and size of specific GCs among regions in Italy, and among the select countries. We found no pattern between level of garbage and relevance of specific GCs. Even locations performing below average show interesting lower levels for certain GCs if compared to better performing countries. Conclusions This systematic analysis suggests the heterogeneity in GC levels and causes, paired with a more detailed analysis of local practices, strengths and weaknesses, could be a positive element in a strategy for the reduction of GCs in Italy.
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- 2022
16. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Elysia M Alvarez, Lisa M Force, Rixing Xu, Kelly Compton, Dan Lu, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, Jonathan M Kocarnik, James D Harvey, Alyssa Pennini, Frances E Dean, Weijia Fu, Martina T Vargas, Theresa H M Keegan, Hany Ariffin, Ronald D Barr, Yana Arturovna Erdomaeva, D Sanjeeva Gunasekera, Yetunde O John-Akinola, Tyler G Ketterl, Tezer Kutluk, Marcio Henrique Malogolowkin, Prashant Mathur, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Lynn Ann Gloeckler Ries, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Garik Barisovich Sagoyan, Iyad Sultan, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Amir Abdoli, Haimanot Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Hassan Abidi, Hassan Abolhassani, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Basavaprabhu Achappa, Juan Manuel Acuna, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Oyelola A Adegboye, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Shailesh M Advani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Mohamad Aghaie Meybodi, Bahman Ahadinezhad, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Sepideh Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Wajeeha Aiman, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Abdulhadi A AlAmodi, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Dejene Tsegaye Alem, Yosef Alemayehu, Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Saqib Ali, Gianfranco Alicandro, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Motasem Alkhayyat, Sunitha Alluri, Nihad A Almasri, Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Saeed Amini, Hubert Amu, Robert Ancuceanu, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Fereshteh Ansari, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Davood Anvari, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Ayele Mamo Argaw, Muhammad Arshad, Judie Arulappan, Armin Aryannejad, Zatollah Asemi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Reza Atashzar, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Alemu Degu Ayele, Solomon Shitu Ayen, Mohammed A Azab, Sina Azadnajafabad, Hiva Azami, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ghasem Azarian, Ahmed Y Azzam, Saeed Bahadory, Jianjun Bai, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L Baker, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Huda Basaleem, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Masoud Behzadifar, Niguss Cherie Bekele, Rebuma Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Arielle Wilder Bell, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Devidas S Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Sadia Bibi, Ali Bijani, Antonio Biondi, Setognal Birara, Tone Bjørge, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Norma B Bulamu, Katrin Burkart, Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Giulia Carreras, Ferrán Catalá-López, Francieli Cembranel, Ester Cerin, Raja Chandra Chakinala, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Prachi P Chavan, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Michael T Chung, Joao Conde, Vera Marisa Costa, Omar B Da'ar, Omid Dadras, Saad M A Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Emanuele D'Amico, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Sisay Abebe Debela, Takele Gezahegn G Demie, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Zeleke Geto Demissie, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Meseret Derbew Molla, Rupak Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Mojtaba Didehdar, Mengistie Diress, Shirin Djalalinia, Huyen Phuc Do, Saeid Doaei, Fariba Dorostkar, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Thomas M Drake, Michael Ekholuenetale, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Hassan El-Abid, Mostafa Ahmed Elbahnasawy, Iffat Elbarazi, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Muhammed Elhadi, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Mohammed Faisaluddin, Jawad Fares, Umar Farooque, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Wafa Fatima, José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Getahun Fetensa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, James L Fisher, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Piyada Gaewkhiew, Silvano Gallus, Tushar Garg, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Belete Negese Belete Gemeda, Tamiru Getachew, Mansour Ghafourifard, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Fariba Ghassemi, Nermin Ghith, Ali Gholami, Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Syed Amir Gilani, Themba G Ginindza, Abraham Tamirat Gizaw, James C Glasbey, Amit Goel, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Sameer Vali Gopalani, 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Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anvari D., Anyasodor A.E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Argaw A.M., Arshad M., Arulappan J., Aryannejad A., Asemi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Atashzar M.R., Atorkey P., Atreya A., Attia S., Aujayeb A., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awedew A.F., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayele A.D., Ayen S.S., Azab M.A., Azadnajafabad S., Azami H., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Azzam A.Y., Bahadory S., Bai J., Baig A.A., Baker J.L., Banach M., Barnighausen T.W., Barone-Adesi F., Barra F., Barrow A., Basaleem H., Batiha A.-M.M., Behzadifar M., Bekele N.C., Belete R., Belgaumi U.I., Bell A.W., Berhie A.Y., Bhagat D.S., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V.S., Bibi S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Birara S., Bjorge T., Bolarinwa O.A., Bolla S.R., Boloor A., Braithwaite D., Brenner H., Bulamu N.B., Burkart K., Bustamante-Teixeira M.T., Butt N.S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Cao C., Cao Y., Carreras G., Catala-Lopez F., Cembranel F., Cerin E., Chakinala R.C., Chakraborty P.A., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi P., Chaurasia A., Chavan P.P., Chimed-Ochir O., Choi J.-Y.J., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Chung M.T., Conde J., Costa V.M., Da'ar O.B., Dadras O., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai X., Damiani G., D'Amico E., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., De la Hoz F.P., Debela S.A., Demie T.G.G., Demissie G.D., Demissie Z.G., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derbew Molla M., Desai R., Desta A.A., Dhamnetiya D., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhimal M.L., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Didehdar M., Diress M., Djalalinia S., Do H.P., Doaei S., Dorostkar F., dos Santos W.M., Drake T.M., Ekholuenetale M., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., El-Abid H., Elbahnasawy M.A., Elbarazi I., Elhabashy H.R., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S.I., Enyew D.B., Erkhembayar R., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Faisaluddin M., Fares J., Farooque U., Fasanmi A.O., Fatima W., Ferreira de Oliveira J.M.P., Ferrero S., Ferro Desideri L., Fetensa G., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaal P.A., Gad M.M., Gaewkhiew P., Gallus S., Garg T., Gebremeskel T.G., Gemeda B.N.B., Getachew T., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari S.-H., Ghashghaee A., Ghassemi F., Ghith N., Gholami A., Gholizadeh Navashenaq J., Gilani S.A., Ginindza T.G., Gizaw A.T., Glasbey J.C., Goel A., Golechha M., Goleij P., Golinelli D., Gopalani S.V., Gorini G., Goudarzi H., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Guerra M.R., Guha A., Gupta B., Gupta S., Gupta V.B., Gupta V.K., Haddadi R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hailu A., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamadeh R.R., Hambisa M.T., Hameed S., Hamidi S., Haque S., Hariri S., Haro J.M., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan S.M.M., Hashemi S.M., Hassan T.S., Hassanipour S., Hay S.I., Hayat K., Hebo S.H., Heidari G., Heidari M., Herrera-Serna B.Y., Herteliu C., Heyi D.Z., Hezam K., Hole M.K., Holla R., Horita N., Hossain M.M., Hossain M.B., Hosseini M.-S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh A., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huang J., Hussein N.R., Hwang B.-F., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Innos K., Irham L.M., Islam R.M., Islam S.M.S., Ismail N.E., Isola G., Iwagami M., Jacob L., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Janghorban R., Javadi Mamaghani A., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jazayeri S.B., Jebai R., Jha R.P., Joo T., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jurisson M., Kaambwa B., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kaliyadan F., Kamal Z., Kamath A., Kandel H., Kar S.S., Karaye I.M., Karimi A., Kassa B.G., Kauppila J.H., Kemp Bohan P.M., Kengne A.P., Kerbo A.A., Keykhaei M., Khader Y.S., Khajuria H., Khalili N., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khan M., Khan M.N., Khan M.A., Khanali J., Khayamzadeh M., Khosravizadeh O., Khubchandani J., Khundkar R., Kim M.S., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kolahi A.-A., Kopec J.A., Koteeswaran R., Koulmane Laxminarayana S.L., Koyanagi A., Kugbey N., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kwarteng A., La Vecchia C., Lan Q., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lauriola P., Ledda C., Lee S.-W., Lee W.-C., Lee Y.Y., Lee Y.H., Leigh J., Leong E., Li B., Li J., Li M.-C., Lim S.S., Liu X., Lobo S.W., Loureiro J.A., Lugo A., Lunevicius R., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Makki A., Male S., Malekpour M.-R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A.A., Mamun M.A., Manafi N., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martini S., Masoumi S.Z., Matei C.N., Mathur M.R., McAlinden C., Mehrotra R., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mentis A.-F.A., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.G., Mesregah M.K., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski B., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mingude A.B., Mirmoeeni S., Mirzaei H., Misra S., Mithra P., Mohammad K.A., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed A., Mohammed S., Mohammed T.A., Moka N., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moni M.A., Moradi G., Moradi Y., Moradzadeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mostafavi E., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mpundu-Kaambwa C., Mubarik S., Mwanri L., Nabhan A.F., Nagaraju S.P., Nagata C., Naghavi M., Naimzada M.D., Naldi L., Nangia V., Naqvi A.A., Narasimha Swamy S., Narayana A.I., Nayak B.P., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Nduaguba S.O., Negoi I., Negru S.M., Nejadghaderi S.A., Nepal S., Neupane Kandel S., Nggada H.A., Nguyen C.T., Nnaji C.A., Nosrati H., Nouraei H., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V.E., Nzoputam C.I., Oancea B., Odukoya O.O., Oguntade A.S., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olakunde B.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Omar E., Omar Bali A., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Oumer B., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padron-Monedero A., Padubidri J.R., Pakshir K., Pana A., Pandey A., Pardhan S., Pashazadeh Kan F., Pasovic M., Patel J.R., Pati S., Pattanshetty S.M., Paudel U., Pereira R.B., Peres M.F.P., Perianayagam A., Postma M.J., Pourjafar H., Pourshams A., Prashant A., Pulakunta T., Qadir M.M.F.F., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Radhakrishnan R.A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Rafiei S., Rahim F., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman M., Rahman M.A., Rahmani A.M., Rajesh A., Ramezani-Doroh V., Ranabhat K., Ranasinghe P., Rao C.R., Rao S.J., Rashedi S., Rashidi M., Rashidi M.-M., Rath G.K., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia M.S., Regasa M.T., Renzaho A.M.N., Rezaei M., Rezaei N., Rezaeian M., Rezapour A., Rezazadeh-Khadem S., Riad A., Rios Lopez L.E., Rodriguez J.A.B., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G.M., Saber-Ayad M.M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Sadeghian S., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K.M., Sajadi S.M., Salahi S., Salehi S., Salem M.R., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Sawyer S.M., Saylan M., Schneider I.J.C., Seidu A.-A., Sekerija M., Sendo E.G., Sepanlou S.G., Seylani A., Seyoum K., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shaikh M.A., Shamsoddin E., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty A., Shetty B.S.K., Shetty P.H., Shin J.I., Shirkoohi R., Shivakumar K.M., Shobeiri P., Siabani S., Sibhat M.M., Siddappa Malleshappa S.K., Sidemo N.B., Silva D.A.S., Silva Julian G., Singh A.D., Singh J.A., Singh J.K., Singh S., Sinke A.H., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Smith L., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Soltani-Zangbar M.S., Song S., Spurlock E.E., Steiropoulos P., Straif K., Subedi R., Sufiyan M.B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Sultana S., Szerencses V., Szocska M., Tabaeian S.P., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabary M., Tabuchi T., Tadbiri H., Taheri M., Taherkhani A., Takahashi K., Tampa M., Tan K.-K., Tat V.Y., Tavakoli A., Tbakhi A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M.-H., Tesfay F.H., Tesfaye B., Thakur J.S., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Thiyagarajan A., Thomas N., Tobe-Gai R., Togtmol M., Tohidast S.A., Tohidinik H.R., Tolani M.A., Tollosa D.N., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tran B.X., Tran M.T.N., Tripathy J.P., Tusa B.S., Ukke G.G., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umapathi K.K., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Ushula T.W., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Varthya S.B., Veroux M., Villeneuve P.J., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vu G.T., Waheed Y., Wang N., Ward P., Weldesenbet A.B., Wen Y.F., Westerman R., Winkler A.S., Wubishet B.L., Xu S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yang L., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yazie T.S., Yehualashet S.S., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yirdaw B.W., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zadnik V., Zahir M., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zare F., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang J., Zhang Z.-J., Ziapour A., Zoladl M., Murray C.J.L., Fitzmaurice C., Bleyer A., Bhakta N., Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St. Baldrick's Foundation, NIH - National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Estados Unidos), Epidemiologie, and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health
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adolescent cancer, global burden of disease, epidemiology ,Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,3122 Cancers ,UNITED-STATES ,Disability-Adjusted Life Year ,Adolescents ,Socioeconomic Factor ,Global Health ,Global Burden of Disease ,Young Adult ,Life Expectancy ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Risk Factors ,WORLDWIDE ,Neoplasms ,Cause of Death ,Prevalence ,Humans ,1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Mortality ,Cancer burden analyses ,Cancer ,ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA ,disease ,Global burden ,OUTCOMES ,CHILDHOOD-CANCER ,Incidence ,Risk Factor ,the GBD 2019 methodology ,Disability-Adjusted Life Years ,GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult Cancer Collaborators ,CARE ,Cancer control efforts ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Oncology ,Neoplasm ,Female ,Young adults ,Human - Abstract
Funding: J A Loureiro acknowledges support from Base Funding UIDB/00511/2020 of the LEPABE funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT) [CEECINST/00049/2018]. Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute. publishersversion published
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- 2022
17. Occupational safety and health staging framework for decent work
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Paul A. Schulte, Ivo Iavicoli, Luca Fontana, Stavroula Leka, Maureen F. Dollard, Acran Salmen-Navarro, Fernanda J. Salles, Kelly P. K. Olympio, Roberto Lucchini, Marilyn Fingerhut, Francesco S. Violante, Mahinda Seneviratne, Jodi Oakman, Olivier Lo, Camila H. Alfredo, Marcia Bandini, João S. Silva-Junior, Maria C. Martinez, Teresa Cotrim, Folashade Omokhodion, Frida M. Fischer, Schulte, Paul A, Iavicoli, Ivo, Fontana, Luca, Leka, Stavroula, Dollard, Maureen F, Fischer, Frida M, Workgroups on the Future of Decent Work and Demographic Changes and Occupational Health, Schulte, P. A., Iavicoli, I., Fontana, L., Leka, S., Dollard, M. F., Salmen-Navarro, A., Salles, F. J., Olympio, K. P. K., Lucchini, R., Fingerhut, M., Violante, F. S., Seneviratne, M., Oakman, J., Lo, O., Alfredo, C. H., Bandini, M., Silva-Junior, J. S., Martinez, M. C., Cotrim, T., Omokhodion, F., and Fischer, F. M.
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Employment ,migrant workers ,United Nations ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Public Policy ,psychosocial hazard ,Sustainable Development ,psychosocial hazards ,climate change ,technology ,Humans ,migrant worker ,Occupational Health - Abstract
The 2030 United Nations Goal 8 for sustainable development focuses on decent work. There is utility in identifying the occupational safety and health aspects of Goal 8, as they pertain to the four pillars of decent work: job creation, social protection, rights of workers, and social dialogue. A workgroup of the International Commission on Occupational Health and collaborators addressed the issue of decent work and occupational safety and health (OSH) with the objective of elaborating a framework for guidance for practitioners, researchers, employers, workers, and authorities. This article presents that framework, which is based on an examination of the literature and the perspectives of the workgroup. The framework encompasses the intersection of the pillars of decent (employment creation, social protection, rights of workers, and social dialogue) work with new and emerging hazards and risks related to various selected determinants: new technologies and new forms of work; demographics (aging and gender); globalization; informal work; migration; pandemics; and OSH policies and climate change. The OSH field will need an expanded focus to address the future of decent work. This focus should incorporate the needs of workers and workforces in terms of their well-being. The framework identifies a starting point for the OSH community to begin to promote decent work. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
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- 2022
18. One year of surgical mask testing at the University of Bologna labs: Lessons learned from data analysis
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Cristiana Boi, Francesca Borsetti, Tommaso M. Brugo, Martina Cappelletti, Maria G. De Angelis, Stefano Fedi, Simone Di Giacomo, Thomas Fabiani, Giacomo Foli, Andrea Garelli, Umberto Genchi, Daniele Ghezzi, Chiara Gualandi, Eleonora Lalli, Mirna Magnani, Andrea Maurizzi, Fabio Mazzi, Najmeh Mehrabi, Matteo Minelli, Riccardo Montalbano, Luana Morelli, Silvia Nici, Alessandro Paglianti, Kseniya Papchenko, Sebastiano Pappalardo, Nicola F. Parisi, Riccardo Onesti, Stefania Rapino, Marta Reggio, Marco Roselli, Edoardo Ruggeri, Laura Sabatini, Emanuela Saracino, Giordano E. Scarponi, Lorenzo Serra, Virginia Signorini, Alba Storione, Monica Torsello, Eugenia Tugnoli, Claudia M. Vargiu, Gianluca Vidali, Francesco S. Violante, Boi C., Borsetti F., Brugo T.M., Cappelletti M., De Angelis M.G., Fedi S., Di Giacomo S., Fabiani T., Foli G., Garelli A., Genchi U., Ghezzi D., Gualandi C., Lalli E., Magnani M., Maurizzi A., Mazzi F., Mehrabi N., Minelli M., Montalbano R., Morelli L., Nici S., Onesti R., Paglianti A., Papchenko K., Pappalardo S., Parisi N.F., Rapino S., Reggio M., Roselli M., Ruggeri E., Sabatini L., Saracino E., Scarponi G.E., Serra L., Signorini V., Storione A., Torsello M., Tugnoli E., Vargiu C.M., Vidali G., and Violante F.S.
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History ,Pandemic spread prevention ,Surgical masks ,Polymers and Plastics ,COVID-19 ,Filtration and Separation ,Bacterial filtration ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Breathability ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlighted the worldwide lack of surgical masks and personal protective equipment, which represent the main defense available against respiratory diseases as COVID-19. At the time, masks shortage was dramatic in Italy, the first European country seriously hit by the pandemic: aiming to address the emergency and to support the Italian industrial reconversion to the production of surgical masks, a multidisciplinary team of the University of Bologna organized a laboratory to test surgical masks according to European regulations. The group, driven by the expertise of chemical engineers, microbiologists, and occupational physicians, set-up the test lines to perform all the functional tests required. The laboratory started its activity on late March 2020, and as of the end of December of the same year 435 surgical mask prototypes were tested, with only 42 masks compliant to the European standard. From the analysis of the materials used, as well as of the production methods, it was found that a compliant surgical mask is most likely composed of three layers, a central meltblown filtration layer and two external spunbond comfort layers. An increase in the material thickness (grammage), or in the number of layers, does not improve the filtration efficiency, but leads to poor breathability, indicating that filtration depends not only on pure size exclusion, but other mechanisms are taking place (driven by electrostatic charge). The study critically reviewed the European standard procedures, identifying the weak aspects; among the others, the control of aerosol droplet size during the bacterial filtration test results to be crucial, since it can change the classification of a mask when its performance lies near to the limiting values of 95 or 98%.
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- 2022
19. Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995–2050
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Angela Y. Chang, Krycia Cowling, Angela E. Micah, Abigail Chapin, Catherine S. Chen, Gloria Ikilezi, Nafis Sadat, Golsum Tsakalos, Junjie Wu, Theodore Younker, Yingxi Zhao, Bianca S. Zlavog, Cristiana Abbafati, Anwar E Ahmed, Khurshid Alam, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Mohammed J. Almalki, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Walid Ammar, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Jalal Arabloo, Olatunde Aremu, Marcel Ausloos, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Ashish Awasthi, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Samad Azari, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Bernhard T Baune, Mohsen Bayati, Yared Belete Belay, Yihalem Abebe Belay, Habte Belete, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Adam E. Berman, Mircea Beuran, Ali Bijani, Reinhard Busse, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ferrán Catalá-López, Bal Govind Chauhan, Maria-Magdalena Constantin, Christopher Stephen Crowe, Alexandra Cucu, Koustuv Dalal, Jan-Walter De Neve, Selina Deiparine, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Huyen Phuc Do, Manisha Dubey, Maha El Tantawi, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Reza Esmaeili, Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Akbar Fazaeli, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A. Foigt, Takeshi Fukumoto, Nancy Fullman, Adriana Galan, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Alireza Ghajar, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ketevan Goginashvili, Annie Haakenstad, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli, Samer Hamidi, Hilda L. Harb, Edris Hasanpoor, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Simon I. Hay, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Claudiu Herteliu, Chi Linh Hoang, Michael K. Hole, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Spencer L. James, Jost B. Jonas, Mikk Jürisson, Rajendra Kadel, Behzad Karami Matin, Amir Kasaeian, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Mesfin Wudu Kassaw, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Roghayeh Khabiri, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Adnan Kisa, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Stefan Kohler, Ai Koyanagi, Kristopher J. Krohn, Ricky Leung, Lee-Ling Lim, Stefan Lorkowski, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Morteza Mansourian, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg, Martin McKee, Varshil Mehta, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Neda Milevska Kostova, Ted R Miller, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Bahram Mohajer, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Shafiu Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Shane Douglas Morrison, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Saravanan Muthupandian, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Vinay Nangia, Ionut Negoi, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Son Hoang Nguyen, Shirin Nosratnejad, Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Stefano Olgiati, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Adrian Pana, David M. Pereira, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Sergio I Prada, Mostafa Qorbani, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Usha Ram, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Anna Ranta, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Satar Rezaei, Elias Merdassa Roro, Ali Rostami, Salvatore Rubino, Mohamadreza Salahshoor, Abdallah M. Samy, Juan Sanabria, João Vasco Santos, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Miloje Savic, Falk Schwendicke, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Masood Sepehrimanesh, Aziz Sheikh, Mark G Shrime, Solomon Sisay, Shahin Soltani, Moslem Soofi, Vinay Srinivasan, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Anna Torre, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Pascual R Valdez, Job F M van Boven, Veronica Vargas, Yousef Veisani, Francesco S Violante, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Vasily Vlassov, Sebastian Vollmer, Giang Thu Vu, Charles D A Wolfe, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z. Younis, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Sojib Bin Zaman, Alireza Zangeneh, Elias Asfaw Zegeye, Arash Ziapour, Adrienne Chew, Christopher J L Murray, Joseph L Dieleman, Chang A.Y., Cowling K., Micah A.E., Chapin A., Chen C.S., Ikilezi G., Sadat N., Tsakalos G., Wu J., Younker T., Zhao Y., Zlavog B.S., Abbafati C., Ahmed A.E., Alam K., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Almalki M.J., Alvis-Guzman N., Ammar W., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awasthi A., Ayanore M.A., Azari S., Azzopardi-Muscat N., Bagherzadeh M., Barnighausen T.W., Baune B.T., Bayati M., Belay Y.B., Belay Y.A., Belete H., Berbada D.A., Berman A.E., Beuran M., Bijani A., Busse R., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Catala-Lopez F., Chauhan B.G., Constantin M.-M., Crowe C.S., Cucu A., Dalal K., De Neve J.-W., Deiparine S., Demeke F.M., Do H.P., Dubey M., El Tantawi M., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeili R., Fakhar M., Fazaeli A.A., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Fukumoto T., Fullman N., Galan A., Gamkrelidze A., Gezae K.E., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Goginashvili K., Haakenstad A., Haghparast Bidgoli H., Hamidi S., Harb H.L., Hasanpoor E., Hassen H.Y., Hay S.I., Hendrie D., Henok A., Heredia-Pi I., Herteliu C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Homaie Rad E., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Ilesanmi O.S., Irvani S.S.N., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., James S.L., Jonas J.B., Jurisson M., Kadel R., Karami Matin B., Kasaeian A., Kasaye H.K., Kassaw M.W., Kazemi Karyani A., Khabiri R., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khang Y.-H., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kohler S., Koyanagi A., Krohn K.J., Leung R., Lim L.-L., Lorkowski S., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Mansourian M., Mantovani L.G., Massenburg B.B., McKee M., Mehta V., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Milevska Kostova N., Miller T.R., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mohajer B., Mohammad Darwesh A., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Morrison S.D., Mousavi S.M., Muthupandian S., Nagarajan A.J., Nangia V., Negoi I., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen S.H., Nosratnejad S., Oladimeji O., Olgiati S., Olusanya J.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Otstavnov S.S., Pana A., Pereira D.M., Piroozi B., Prada S.I., Qorbani M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Ram U., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rezaei S., Roro E.M., Rostami A., Rubino S., Salahshoor M., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santos J.V., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sao Jose B.P., Savic M., Schwendicke F., Sepanlou S.G., Sepehrimanesh M., Sheikh A., Shrime M.G., Sisay S., Soltani S., Soofi M., Srinivasan V., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Torre A., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Undurraga E.A., Valdez P.R., van Boven J.F.M., Vargas V., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V., Vollmer S., Vu G.T., Wolfe C.D.A., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Zaman S.B., Zangeneh A., Zegeye E.A., Ziapour A., Chew A., Murray C.J.L., Dieleman J.L., Global Burden Dis Hlth Financing C, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Chang, A, Cowling, K, Micah, A, Chapin, A, Chen, C, Ikilezi, G, Sadat, N, Tsakalos, G, Wu, J, Younker, T, Zhao, Y, Zlavog, B, Abbafati, C, Ahmed, A, Alam, K, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almalki, M, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ammar, W, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, C, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awasthi, A, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Bagherzadeh, M, Barnighausen, T, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Belay, Y, Belete, H, Berbada, D, Berman, A, Beuran, M, Bijani, A, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Catala-Lopez, F, Chauhan, B, Constantin, M, Crowe, C, Cucu, A, Dalal, K, De Neve, J, Deiparine, S, Demeke, F, Do, H, Dubey, M, Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeili, R, Fakhar, M, Fazaeli, A, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Galan, A, Gamkrelidze, A, Gezae, K, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Goginashvili, K, Haakenstad, A, Bidgoli, H, Hamidi, S, Harb, H, Hasanpoor, E, Hassen, H, Hay, S, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Rad, E, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Ilesanmi, O, Irvani, S, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, James, S, Jonas, J, Jurisson, M, Kadel, R, Matin, B, Kasaeian, A, Kasaye, H, Kassaw, M, Karyani, A, Khabiri, R, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kohler, S, Koyanagi, A, Krohn, K, Leung, R, Lim, L, Lorkowski, S, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Mansourian, M, Mantovani, L, Massenburg, B, Mckee, M, Mehta, V, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Kostova, N, Miller, T, Mirrakhimov, E, Mohajer, B, Darwesh, A, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Morrison, S, Mousavi, S, Muthupandian, S, Nagarajan, A, Nangia, V, Negoi, I, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, S, Nosratnejad, S, Oladimeji, O, Olgiati, S, Olusanya, J, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, S, Pana, A, Pereira, D, Piroozi, B, Prada, S, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Ram, U, Ranabhat, C, Ranta, A, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rezaei, S, Roro, E, Rostami, A, Rubino, S, Salahshoor, M, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santos, J, Milicevic, M, Jose, B, Savic, M, Schwendicke, F, Sepanlou, S, Sepehrimanesh, M, Sheikh, A, Shrime, M, Sisay, S, Soltani, S, Soofi, M, Srinivasan, V, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Torre, A, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tran, K, Undurraga, E, Valdez, P, Van Boven, J, Vargas, V, Veisani, Y, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vollmer, S, Vu, G, Wolfe, C, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefifard, M, Zaman, S, Zangeneh, A, Zegeye, E, Ziapour, A, Chew, A, Murray, C, and Dieleman, J
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health financing ,coverage ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,systematic analysis ,Global Health ,Gross domestic product ,DISEASE ,burden ,project ,0302 clinical medicine ,Per capita ,Global health ,Healthcare Financing ,030212 general & internal medicine ,our of pocket ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Government spending ,government ,1. No poverty ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Public Assistance ,COVERAGE ,Models, Economic ,8. Economic growth ,health financing, project, government, our of pocket ,BURDEN ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Human ,Gross Domestic Product ,Department of Error ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,General & Internal Medicine ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,Revenue ,Humans ,medicine (all) ,Health policy ,Finance ,sex-specific mortality ,Government ,disease ,Science & Technology ,SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY ,business.industry ,Prepaid Health Plan ,International health ,Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator Network ,Health Expenditure ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Human medicine ,Health Expenditures ,business ,Prepaid Health Plans - Abstract
Published Erratum. Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995-2050. Lancet. 2021 Sep 11;398(10304):956. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01806-7. PMID: 34509230. BACKGROUND: Comprehensive and comparable estimates of health spending in each country are a key input for health policy and planning, and are necessary to support the achievement of national and international health goals. Previous studies have tracked past and projected future health spending until 2040 and shown that, with economic development, countries tend to spend more on health per capita, with a decreasing share of spending from development assistance and out-of-pocket sources. We aimed to characterise the past, present, and predicted future of global health spending, with an emphasis on equity in spending across countries. METHODS: We estimated domestic health spending for 195 countries and territories from 1995 to 2016, split into three categories-government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private health spending-and estimated development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2018. We estimated future scenarios of health spending using an ensemble of linear mixed-effects models with time series specifications to project domestic health spending from 2017 through 2050 and DAH from 2019 through 2050. Data were extracted from a broad set of sources tracking health spending and revenue, and were standardised and converted to inflation-adjusted 2018 US dollars. Incomplete or low-quality data were modelled and uncertainty was estimated, leading to a complete data series of total, government, prepaid private, and out-of-pocket health spending, and DAH. Estimates are reported in 2018 US dollars, 2018 purchasing-power parity-adjusted dollars, and as a percentage of gross domestic product. We used demographic decomposition methods to assess a set of factors associated with changes in government health spending between 1995 and 2016 and to examine evidence to support the theory of the health financing transition. We projected two alternative future scenarios based on higher government health spending to assess the potential ability of governments to generate more resources for health. FINDINGS: Between 1995 and 2016, health spending grew at a rate of 4·00% (95% uncertainty interval 3·89-4·12) annually, although it grew slower in per capita terms (2·72% [2·61-2·84]) and increased by less than $1 per capita over this period in 22 of 195 countries. The highest annual growth rates in per capita health spending were observed in upper-middle-income countries (5·55% [5·18-5·95]), mainly due to growth in government health spending, and in lower-middle-income countries (3·71% [3·10-4·34]), mainly from DAH. Health spending globally reached $8·0 trillion (7·8-8·1) in 2016 (comprising 8·6% [8·4-8·7] of the global economy and $10·3 trillion [10·1-10·6] in purchasing-power parity-adjusted dollars), with a per capita spending of US$5252 (5184-5319) in high-income countries, $491 (461-524) in upper-middle-income countries, $81 (74-89) in lower-middle-income countries, and $40 (38-43) in low-income countries. In 2016, 0·4% (0·3-0·4) of health spending globally was in low-income countries, despite these countries comprising 10·0% of the global population. In 2018, the largest proportion of DAH targeted HIV/AIDS ($9·5 billion, 24·3% of total DAH), although spending on other infectious diseases (excluding tuberculosis and malaria) grew fastest from 2010 to 2018 (6·27% per year). The leading sources of DAH were the USA and private philanthropy (excluding corporate donations and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation). For the first time, we included estimates of China's contribution to DAH ($644·7 million in 2018). Globally, health spending is projected to increase to $15·0 trillion (14·0-16·0) by 2050 (reaching 9·4% [7·6-11·3] of the global economy and $21·3 trillion [19·8-23·1] in purchasing-power parity-adjusted dollars), but at a lower growth rate of 1·84% (1·68-2·02) annually, and with continuing disparities in spending between countries. In 2050, we estimate that 0·6% (0·6-0·7) of health spending will occur in currently low-income countries, despite these countries comprising an estimated 15·7% of the global population by 2050. The ratio between per capita health spending in high-income and low-income countries was 130·2 (122·9-136·9) in 2016 and is projected to remain at similar levels in 2050 (125·9 [113·7-138·1]). The decomposition analysis identified governments' increased prioritisation of the health sector and economic development as the strongest factors associated with increases in government health spending globally. Future government health spending scenarios suggest that, with greater prioritisation of the health sector and increased government spending, health spending per capita could more than double, with greater impacts in countries that currently have the lowest levels of government health spending. INTERPRETATION: Financing for global health has increased steadily over the past two decades and is projected to continue increasing in the future, although at a slower pace of growth and with persistent disparities in per-capita health spending between countries. Out-of-pocket spending is projected to remain substantial outside of high-income countries. Many low-income countries are expected to remain dependent on development assistance, although with greater government spending, larger investments in health are feasible. In the absence of sustained new investments in health, increasing efficiency in health spending is essential to meet global health targets. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Sí
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- 2019
20. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Gregory A Roth, Degu Abate, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Solomon M Abay, Cristiana Abbafati, Nooshin Abbasi, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Jemal Abdela, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Haftom Temesgen Abebe, Molla Abebe, Zegeye Abebe, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Semaw F Abera, Olifan Zewdie Abil, Haftom Niguse Abraha, Aklilu Roba Abrham, Laith Jamal Abu-Raddad, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Dilaram Acharya, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Beyene Meressa Adhena, Mina G Adib, Amha Admasie, Ashkan Afshin, Gina Agarwal, Kareha M Agesa, Anurag Agrawal, Sutapa Agrawal, Alireza Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Sayem Ahmed, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Ibtihel Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Nadia Akseer, Ziyad Al-Aly, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Fares Alahdab, Khurshid Alam, Tahiya Alam, Animut Alebel, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ala'a Alkerwi, François Alla, Peter Allebeck, Jordi Alonso, Khalid Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Azmeraw T Amare, Leopold N Aminde, Erfan Amini, Walid Ammar, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Nahla Hamed Anber, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Sofia Androudi, Megbaru Debalkie Animut, Mina Anjomshoa, Hossein Ansari, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Palwasha Anwari, Olatunde Aremu, Johan Ärnlöv, Amit Arora, Monika Arora, Al Artaman, Krishna K Aryal, Hamid Asayesh, Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw, Zerihun Ataro, Suleman Atique, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Euripide F G A Avokpaho, Ashish Awasthi, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Yohanes Ayele, Rakesh Ayer, Peter S Azzopardi, Arefeh Babazadeh, Umar Bacha, Hamid Badali, Alaa Badawi, Ayele Geleto Bali, Katherine E Ballesteros, Maciej Banach, Kajori Banerjee, Marlena S Bannick, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Miguel A Barboza, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Simon Barquera, Lope H Barrero, Quique Bassat, Sanjay Basu, Bernhard T Baune, Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Neeraj Bedi, Ettore Beghi, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Behzadifar, Yannick Béjot, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Abate Bekele Belachew, Ezra Belay, Yihalem Abebe Belay, Michelle L Bell, Aminu K Bello, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, Adam E Berman, Eduardo Bernabe, Robert S Bernstein, Gregory J Bertolacci, Mircea Beuran, Tina Beyranvand, Ashish Bhalla, Suraj Bhattarai, Soumyadeeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Belete Biadgo, Molly H Biehl, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Ver Bilano, Nigus Bililign, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Donal Bisanzio, Tuhin Biswas, Brigette F Blacker, Berrak Bora Basara, Rohan Borschmann, Cristina Bosetti, Kayvan Bozorgmehr, Oliver J Brady, Luisa C Brant, Carol Brayne, Alexandra Brazinova, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Hermann Brenner, Paul Svitil Briant, Gabrielle Britton, Traolach Brugha, Reinhard Busse, Zahid A Butt, Charlton S K H Callender, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Jorge Cano, Mate Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Giulia Carreras, Juan J Carrero, Austin Carter, Félix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Jacqueline Castillo Rivas, Chris D Castle, Clara Castro, Franz Castro, Ferrán Catalá-López, Ester Cerin, Yazan Chaiah, Jung-Chen Chang, Fiona J Charlson, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa, Abdulaal Chitheer, Rajiv Chowdhury, Hanne Christensen, Devasahayam J Christopher, Sheng-Chia Chung, Flavia M Cicuttini, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Aaron J Cohen, Leslie Trumbull Cooper, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Monica Cortinovis, Ewerton Cousin, Benjamin C Cowie, Michael H Criqui, Elizabeth A Cromwell, Christopher Stephen Crowe, John A Crump, Matthew Cunningham, Alemneh Kabeta Daba, Abel Fekadu Dadi, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Paul I Dargan, Ahmad Daryani, Siddharth K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, José Das Neves, Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa, Aditya Prasad Dash, Adrian C Davis, Nicole Davis Weaver, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Kairat Davletov, Fernando Pio De La Hoz, Jan-Walter De Neve, Meaza Girma Degefa, Louisa Degenhardt, Tizta T Degfie, Selina Deiparine, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Balem Betsu Demtsu, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Nikolaos Dervenis, Don C Des Jarlais, Getenet Ayalew Dessie, Subhojit Dey, Samath D Dharmaratne, Daniel Dicker, Mesfin Tadese Dinberu, Eric L Ding, M Ashworth Dirac, Shirin Djalalinia, Klara Dokova, David Teye Doku, Christl A Donnelly, E Ray Dorsey, Pratik P Doshi, Dirk Douwes-Schultz, Kerrie E Doyle, Tim R Driscoll, Manisha Dubey, Eleonora Dubljanin, Eyasu Ejeta Duken, Bruce B Duncan, Andre R Duraes, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Soheil Ebrahimpour, Dumessa Edessa, David Edvardsson, Anne Elise Eggen, Charbel El Bcheraoui, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Ziad El-Khatib, Hajer Elkout, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Matthias Endres, Aman Yesuf Endries, Benjamin Er, Holly E Erskine, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Reza Esmaeili, Alireza Esteghamati, Mahdi Fakhar, Hamed Fakhim, Mahbobeh Faramarzi, Mohammad Fareed, Farzaneh Farhadi, Carla Sofia E sá Farinha, Andre Faro, Maryam S Farvid, Farshad Farzadfar, Mohammad Hosein Farzaei, Valery L Feigin, Andrea B Feigl, Netsanet Fentahun, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Joao C Fernandes, Alize J Ferrari, Garumma Tolu Feyissa, Irina Filip, Samuel Finegold, Florian Fischer, Christina Fitzmaurice, Nataliya A Foigt, Kyle J Foreman, Carla Fornari, Tahvi D Frank, Takeshi Fukumoto, John E Fuller, Nancy Fullman, Thomas Fürst, João M Furtado, Neal D Futran, Silvano Gallus, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro, Miguel A Garcia-Gordillo, William M Gardner, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin, Bereket Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael, Tilayie Feto Gelano, Johanna M Geleijnse, Ricard Genova-Maleras, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Peter W Gething, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami, Reza Ghadimi, Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani, Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman, Mamata Ghimire, Katherine B Gibney, Paramjit Singh Gill, Tiffany K Gill, Richard F Gillum, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi, Maurice Giroud, Giorgia Giussani, Shifalika Goenka, Ellen M Goldberg, Srinivas Goli, Hector Gómez-Dantés, Philimon N Gona, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Taren M Gorman, Atsushi Goto, Alessandra C Goulart, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Ayman Grada, Giuseppe Grosso, Harish Chander Gugnani, Andre Luiz Sena Guimaraes, Yuming Guo, Prakash C Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Tanush Gupta, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Bishal Gyawali, Juanita A Haagsma, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Tekleberhan B Hagos, Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Alexis J Handal, Graeme J Hankey, Hilda L Harb, Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan, Josep Maria Haro, Mehedi Hasan, Hadi Hassankhani, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Rasmus Havmoeller, Roderick J Hay, Simon I Hay, Yihua He, Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Mohsen Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Pouria Heydarpour, Sousan Heydarpour, Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu, Hans W Hoek, Michael K Hole, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Praveen Hoogar, H Dean Hosgood, Seyed Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Peter J Hotez, Damian G Hoy, Thomas Hsiao, Guoqing Hu, John J Huang, Abdullatif Husseini, Mohammedaman Mama Hussen, Susan Hutfless, Bulat Idrisov, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine, Nazrul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Farhad Islami, Kathryn H Jacobsen, Leila Jahangiry, Nader Jahanmehr, Sudhir Kumar Jain, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Moti Tolera Jalu, Spencer L James, Mehdi Javanbakht, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Kathy J Jenkins, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, Catherine O Johnson, Sarah C Johnson, Jost B Jonas, Ankur Joshi, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Suresh Banayya Jungari, Mikk Jürisson, Zubair Kabir, Rajendra Kadel, Amaha Kahsay, Rizwan Kalani, Manoochehr Karami, Behzad Karami Matin, André Karch, Corine Karema, Hamidreza Karimi-Sari, Amir Kasaeian, Dessalegn H Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale Kassa, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Anil Kaul, Zhila Kazemi, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Dhruv Satish Kazi, Adane Teshome Kefale, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Grant Rodgers Kemp, Andre Pascal Kengne, Andre Keren, Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran, Yousef Saleh Khader, Behzad Khafaei, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Alireza Khajavi, Nauman Khalid, Ibrahim A Khalil, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Muhammad Ali Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Mona M Khater, Abdullah T Khoja, Ardeshir Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Aliasghar A Kiadaliri, Getiye D Kibret, Zelalem Teklemariam Kidanemariam, Daniel N Kiirithio, Daniel Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Yohannes Kinfu, Adnan Kisa, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Mika Kivimäki, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Jonathan M Kocarnik, Sonali Kochhar, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Tufa Kolola, Jacek A Kopec, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Michael A Kravchenko, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, Michael J Kutz, Igor Kuzin, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Deepesh P Lad, Sheetal D Lad, Alessandra Lafranconi, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Tea Lallukka, Jennifer O Lam, Faris Hasan Lami, Van C Lansingh, Sonia Lansky, Heidi J Larson, Arman Latifi, Kathryn Mei-Ming Lau, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Georgy Lebedev, Paul H Lee, James Leigh, Mostafa Leili, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Shanshan Li, Yichong Li, Juan Liang, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lim, Miteku Andualem Limenih, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Yang Liu, Rakesh Lodha, Chris Lonsdale, Alan D Lopez, Stefan Lorkowski, Paulo A Lotufo, Rafael Lozano, Raimundas Lunevicius, Stefan Ma, Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan, Mark T Mackay, Jennifer H MacLachlan, Emilie R Maddison, Fabiana Madotto, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Dhaval P Maghavani, Marek Majdan, Reza Majdzadeh, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Ana-Laura Manda, Luiz Garcia Mandarano-Filho, Helena Manguerra, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Dadi Marami, Joemer C Maravilla, Wagner Marcenes, Laurie Marczak, Ashley Marks, Guy B Marks, Gabriel Martinez, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Ira Martopullo, Winfried März, Melvin B Marzan, Joseph R Masci, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg, Manu Raj Mathur, Prashant Mathur, Richard Matzopoulos, Pallab K Maulik, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, John J McGrath, Martin McKee, Brian J McMahon, Suresh Mehata, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Ravi Mehrotra, Kala M Mehta, Varshil Mehta, Tefera C Mekonnen, Addisu Melese, Mulugeta Melku, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Desalegn Tadese Mengistu, Getnet Mengistu, George A Mensah, Seid Tiku Mereta, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Haftay Berhane Mezgebe, Bartosz Miazgowski, Tomasz Miazgowski, Anoushka I Millear, Ted R Miller, Molly Katherine Miller-Petrie, G K Mini, Parvaneh Mirabi, Mojde Mirarefin, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Awoke Temesgen Misganaw, Habtamu Mitiku, Babak Moazen, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Moslem Mohammadi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Mohammed A Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Viswanathan Mohan, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Ghobad Moradi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mehdi Moradinazar, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Joana Morgado-Da-Costa, Shane Douglas Morrison, Marilita M Moschos, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Kindie Fentahun Muchie, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Kate Muller, John Everett Mumford, Jonah Musa, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Jean B Nachega, Gabriele Nagel, Aliya Naheed, Azin Nahvijou, Gurudatta Naik, Sanjeev Nair, Farid Najafi, Luigi Naldi, Hae Sung Nam, Vinay Nangia, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Nahid Neamati, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Subas Neupane, Charles R J Newton, Frida N Ngalesoni, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Anh Quynh Nguyen, Grant Nguyen, Ha Thu Nguyen, Huong Thanh Nguyen, Long Hoang Nguyen, Minh Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Emma Nichols, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Yirga Legesse Nirayo, Molly R Nixon, Nomonde Nolutshungu, Shuhei Nomura, Ole F Norheim, Mehdi Noroozi, Bo Norrving, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Hamid Reza Nouri, Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Mohammad Reza Nowroozi, Peter S Nyasulu, Christopher M Odell, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Andrew T Olagunju, Pedro R Olivares, Helen Elizabeth Olsen, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Kanyin L Ong, Sok King Sk Ong, Eyal Oren, Heather M Orpana, Alberto Ortiz, Justin R Ortiz, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Simon Øverland, Mayowa Ojo Owolabi, Raziye Özdemir, Mahesh P A, Rosana Pacella, Smita Pakhale, Abhijit P Pakhare, Amir H Pakpour, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Jeyaraj Durai Pandian, Andrea Parisi, Eun-Kee Park, Charles D H Parry, Hadi Parsian, Shanti Patel, Sanghamitra Pati, George C Patton, Vishnupriya Rao Paturi, Katherine R Paulson, Alexandre Pereira, David M Pereira, Norberto Perico, Konrad Pesudovs, Max Petzold, Michael R Phillips, Frédéric B Piel, David M Pigott, Julian David Pillay, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Farhad Pishgar, Suzanne Polinder, Maarten J Postma, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Ashwini Pujar, Swayam Prakash, Narayan Prasad, Caroline A Purcell, Mostafa Qorbani, Hedley Quintana, D Alex Quistberg, Kirankumar Waman Rade, Amir Radfar, Anwar Rafay, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Kazem Rahimi, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Sasa Rajsic, Usha Ram, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Prabhat Ranjan, Puja C Rao, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Christian Razo-García, K Srinath Reddy, Robert C Reiner, Marissa B Reitsma, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Andre M N Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Satar Rezaei, Shahab Rezaeian, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro, Maria Jesus Rios-Blancas, Kedir Teji Roba, Nicholas L S Roberts, Stephen R Robinson, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Ali Rostami, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Ambuj Roy, Enrico Rubagotti, Perminder S Sachdev, Basema Saddik, Ehsan Sadeghi, Hosein Safari, Mahdi Safdarian, Sare Safi, Saeid Safiri, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Nasir Salam, Joseph S Salama, Payman Salamati, Raphael De Freitas Saldanha, Zikria Saleem, Yahya Salimi, Sundeep Santosh Salvi, Inbal Salz, Evanson Zondani Sambala, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño, Damian Francesco Santomauro, Itamar S Santos, João Vasco Santos, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Arundhati R Sawant, Monika Sawhney, Sonia Saxena, Mehdi Sayyah, Elke Schaeffner, Maria Inês Schmidt, Ione J C Schneider, Ben Schöttker, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, David C Schwebel, Falk Schwendicke, James G Scott, Mario Sekerija, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi, Hosein Shabaninejad, Katya Anne Shackelford, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Mehdi Shahbazi, Amira A Shaheen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohammadbagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Kiomars Sharafi, Mehdi Sharif, Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini, Rajesh Sharma, Jun She, Aziz Sheikh, Peilin Shi, Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, Ivy Shiue, Farhad Shokraneh, Mark G Shrime, Si Si, Soraya Siabani, Tariq J Siddiqi, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Donald H Silberberg, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Natacha Torres Da Silva, Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira, Jasvinder A Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Prashant Kumar Singh, Virendra Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Karen Sliwa, Mari Smith, Badr Hasan Sobaih, Soheila Sobhani, Eugène Sobngwi, Samir S Soneji, Moslem Soofi, Reed J D Sorensen, Joan B Soriano, Ireneous N Soyiri, Luciano A Sposato, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Vinay Srinivasan, Jeffrey D Stanaway, Vladimir I Starodubov, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Dan J Stein, Caitlyn Steiner, Leo G Stewart, Mark A Stokes, Michelle L Subart, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Patrick John Sur, Ipsita Sutradhar, Bryan L Sykes, P N Sylaja, Dillon O Sylte, Cassandra E I Szoeke, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Ken Takahashi, Nikhil Tandon, Segen Gebremeskel Tassew, Nuno Taveira, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Tigist Gashaw Tekalign, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Omar Temsah, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Manaye Yihune Teshale, Belay Tessema, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Sathish Thirunavukkarasu, Nihal Thomas, Amanda G Thrift, George D Thurston, Binyam Tilahun, Quyen G To, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Anna E Torre, Miguel Tortajada-Girbés, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Suryakant Tripathi, Christopher E Troeger, Thomas Clement Truelsen, Nu Thi Truong, Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik, Derrick Tsoi, Lorainne Tudor Car, E Murat Tuzcu, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Kingsley N Ukwaja, Irfan Ullah, Eduardo A Undurraga, Rachel L Updike, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Olalekan A Uthman, Selen Begüm Uzun, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Afsane Vaezi, Gaurang Vaidya, Pascual R Valdez, Elena Varavikova, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Santos Villafaina, Francesco S Violante, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Vasily Vlassov, Stein Emil Vollset, Theo Vos, Gregory R Wagner, Fasil Shiferaw Wagnew, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Judd L Walson, Yanping Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Molla Mesele Wassie, Elisabete Weiderpass, Robert G Weintraub, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs, Andrea Werdecker, Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, T Eoin West, Ronny Westerman, Harvey A Whiteford, Justyna Widecka, Lauren B Wilner, Shadrach Wilson, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Charles D A Wolfe, Shouling Wu, Yun-Chun Wu, Grant M A Wyper, Denis Xavier, Gelin Xu, Simon Yadgir, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Bereket Yakob, Lijing L Yan, Yuichiro Yano, Mehdi Yaseri, Yasin Jemal Yasin, Gökalp Kadri Yentür, Alex Yeshaneh, Ebrahim M Yimer, Paul Yip, Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Gerald Yonga, Seok-Jun Yoon, Marcel Yotebieng, Mustafa Z Younis, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Chuanhua Yu, Vesna Zadnik, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Zohreh Zare, Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke, Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe, Anthony Lin Zhang, Kai Zhang, Maigeng Zhou, Sanjay Zodpey, Liesl Joanna Zuhlke, Mohsen Naghavi, and Christopher J L Murray., Rubagotti, Enrico, Abay, Solomon M., Roth, Gregory, Abd Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abbastabar, Hedayat, and Abbasi, Nooshin
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Overview ,Disease ,Territory ,Causes of death ,humanities - Abstract
Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. The Lancet Publishing Group
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- 2019
21. DNA damage and repair capacity in workers exposed to low concentrations of benzene
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Piero, Lovreglio, Denise, Doria, Maria Enrica, Fracasso, Anna, Barbieri, Laura, Sabatini, Ignazio, Drago, Francesco S, Violante, Leonardo, Soleo, Lovreglio, Piero, Doria, Denise, Fracasso, Maria Enrica, Barbieri, Anna, Sabatini, Laura, Drago, Ignazio, Violante, Francesco S., and Soleo, Leonardo
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Adult ,Male ,Genotoxic effect ,DNA Repair ,Epidemiology ,Benzene exposure ,Occupational Exposure ,Humans ,Lymphocytes ,Genetics (clinical) ,Smoking ,Deoxyguanosine ,Benzene ,Biomarker ,Middle Aged ,Sorbic Acid ,Acetylcysteine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesi ,8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine ,DNA repair kinetic ,Case-Control Studies ,Lymphocyte ,Comet Assay ,DNA repair kinetics ,Case-Control Studie ,Comet assay ,benzene exposure ,genotoxic effects ,Biomarkers ,DNA Damage ,Human - Abstract
DNA damage and cellular repair capacity were studied in 18 male fuel tanker drivers and 13 male filling-station attendants exposed to low and very low concentrations of benzene, respectively, and compared to 20 males with no occupational exposure (controls). Exposure to airborne benzene was measured using passive personal samplers, and internal doses were assayed through the biomarkers t,t-muconic acid, S-phenylmercapturic acid and urinary benzene. DNA damage was evaluated using tail intensity (TI) determined by the comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes. Urinary 7-hydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) was measured as a biomarker of oxidative damage. DNA repair kinetics were assessed using the comet assay in lymphocytes sampled 20 and 60 min post H2O2 exposure. Benzene exposure differed significantly between the drivers (median 246.3 μg/m3), attendants (median 13.8 μg/m3), and controls (median 4.1 μg/m3). There were no differences in TI and 8-oxodG among the three groups, or between smokers and non-smokers. DNA repair kinetics were similar among the drivers, attendants and controls, although the comet assay on H2O2-damaged lymphocytes after 60 min revealed significantly lower levels of TI only in drivers. The DNA repair process in smokers was similar to that observed in drivers. In conclusion, this study found no relationship between low levels of benzene exposure and DNA damage, although there was evidence that exposure interferes with DNA repair kinetics. The biological impact of this finding on the onset of genotoxic effects in exposed workers has still to be ascertained. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:151-158, 2016.
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- 2016
22. Low-back pain
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Francesco S, Violante, Stefano, Mattioli, and Roberta, Bonfiglioli
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Occupational Diseases ,Humans ,Low Back Pain - Abstract
Low-back pain is one of the most common painful conditions experienced by humans throughout their life. Some occupational risk factors (namely, heavy manual material handling) may also contribute to the development of low-back pain: due to the high prevalence of both low-back pain and manual material handling in the adult working population, it has been estimated that low-back pain is probably the most common occupational disorder worldwide. Lifetime prevalence of low-back pain has been reported to be as high as 84%, depending on the case definition used, and no age group is spared, even children. Although low-back pain is not a lethal condition, it was estimated at the third rank among all diseases by disability-adjusted life-years in 2010 in the USA, after ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and at the first rank by years lived with disability. It also ranked high (13th) globally for the same year, in disability-adjusted life-years. Low-back pain is currently classified as nonspecific/specific as to putative cause and as acute (lasting less than 6 weeks), subacute (6-12 weeks), or chronic (more than 12 weeks) according to duration of symptoms. The distinction between nonspecific/specific and acute/subacute/chronic low-back pain is useful not only for epidemiologic studies, but also (mainly) for choosing the appropriate strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. Workplace risk factors for low-back pain include manual lifting and whole-body vibration exposure. This chapter will provide an overview of modern concepts of low-back pain (in general) and will then outline some distinctive features of work-related low-back pain.
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- 2015
23. [Risk assessment comparison of biomechanical overloading of the musculoskeletal system: 10 years' applied experience]
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Emma, Sala, Roberta, Bonfiglioli, Jacopo, Fostinellil, Cesare, Tomasi, Francesca, Graziosi, Francesco S, Violante, and Pietro, Apostoli
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Societies, Scientific ,Occupational Medicine ,Safety Management ,Lifting ,Cumulative Trauma Disorders ,Guidelines as Topic ,Risk Assessment ,Checklist ,Occupational Diseases ,Weight-Bearing ,Italy ,Humans ,Ergonomics ,Musculoskeletal Diseases ,Workplace ,Occupational Health - Abstract
Risk assessment for upper extremity work related muscoloskeletal disorders by applying six methods of ergonomic: a ten years experience. The objective of this research was to verify and validate the multiple step method suggested by SIMLII guidelines and to compare results obtained by use of these methods: Washington State Standard, OCRA, HAL, RULA, OREGE and STRAIN INDEX.598 workstations for a total of 1800 analysis by different methods were considered, by adopting the following multiple step procedure: prelinminary evaluation by Washington State method and OCRA checklist in all the working stations, RULA or HAL as first level evaluation, OREGE or SI as second level evaluation.The preliminary evaluation resulted negative (risk absent) in the 75% of examined work stations and by using checklist OCRA optimal-acceptable condition was found in 58% by HAL in 92% of analysis, by RULA in 100%, by OREGE in 64%; by SI in 70% of examined working positions. We observed similar evaluation of strain among methods and main differences have been observed in posture and frequency assessment.The preliminary evaluation by State of Washington method appears to be an adequate instrument for identify the working condition at risk. All the adopted methods were in a good agreement in two estreme situations: high risk or absent risk, expecially in absent risk conditions. Level of accordance varied on the basis of their rationale and of the role of their different components so SIML indications about the critical use of biouzechanical methods and about the possible use of more than one of them (considering working chlaracteristics) have been confirmed.
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- 2015
24. [Efficiency of health surveillance in occupational medicine]
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Stefano, Mattioli, Antonio, Argentino, Manuela, Pantaleo, Gianpiero, Mancini, Francesca, Zanardi, and Francesco S, Violante
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Cohort Studies ,Occupational Diseases ,Occupational Medicine ,PubMed ,Bibliometrics ,Occupational Exposure ,Population Surveillance ,Occupational Health Services ,Humans ,Program Evaluation ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Medical surveillance is one of the primary instruments in occupational health activities and is considered essential to maintain employees' good health. However, the efficacy of medical surveillance has not been sufficiently tested. The aim of this review was to evaluate the usefulness of medical surveillance, using available literature on Pubmed for the period 2005 to 2014. Although on the basis of a small number of studies, our conclusion is that medical surveillance could be considered effective. Apart from the case of occupational asthma, it must be emphasised that the number of evaluation studies is small, especially in some areas, as well as the one of biomechanical overload.
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- 2015
25. [Health surveillance and suitability: the role of the company physician in maintaining work ability]
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Roberta, Bonfiglioli, Matteo, Di Lello, and Francesco S, Violante
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Diagnostic Imaging ,Occupational Medicine ,Population Dynamics ,Work Capacity Evaluation ,Middle Aged ,Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ,Occupational Injuries ,Rotator Cuff Injuries ,Europe ,Occupational Diseases ,Return to Work ,Population Surveillance ,Humans ,Musculoskeletal Diseases ,Physician's Role ,Low Back Pain ,Aged - Abstract
The ageing workforce is one of the major issues in Europe. Ageing has an important effect on work ability, especially in manual jobs where physical demand is high. Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common health problems among European workers and are able to affect work ability. In order to increase the employment rate of people aged 45-65, measures to sustain work ability and proper age management should be promoted: return to work strategies include adjustment of the job to the worker's health conditions and abilities. The contribution of health surveillance.programs in the management of workers affected by musculoskeletal disorders is discussed.
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- 2015
26. [Health occupations and musculoskeletal disorders]
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Francesco S, Violante
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Health Personnel ,Humans ,Musculoskeletal Diseases - Abstract
Health personnel suffer musculoskeletal disorders with high incidence rates. They are exposed, because of their work duties, to biomechanical overload under particular conditions. Although preventive interventions have already been proposed and applied, there is a need for research in the field.
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- 2010
27. [COMMUNITY: project proposal for a multicenter study on musculoskeletal comorbidity among nursing staff]
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Stefano, Mattioli, Andrea, Farioli, Stefania, Curti, Vittorio, Lodi, Francesca, Zanardi, Roberta, Bonfiglioli, and Francesco S, Violante
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Prevalence ,Humans ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,Nursing Staff ,Musculoskeletal Diseases - Abstract
While a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) has been registered among nurses, little is known on the prevalence of musculoskeletal comorbidities and their effect on the natural history of spinal diseases. Here we present a project called COMMUNITY (COMorbidities of MUsculoskeletal disorders among Nurse in ITalY) which is aimed at: 1) studying the prevalence of musculoskeletal comorbidities; 2) investigating the aetiology of MSDs; 3) investigating the aetiology of lumbar or cervical disk herniation; 4) evaluate the natural history of spinal disk herniation and its effect on work ability.COMMUNITY will be a multicentric study conducted in participating Italian hospitals and articulated in 3 phases. Phase 0 will be a preliminary cross-sectional study conducted in one hospital and aimed at collecting basic information for further studies. Phase 1 will be a multicentric cross-section study enrolling a sample of nursing population. A self-administered questionnaire will be used to collect data concerning exposures and MSDs. The nurses studied during Phase 1 will be followed up in a cohort study (Phase 2). The follow-up will be based on at least 2 questionnaire administrations (at 2 and 4 years) and the use of data collected during health surveillance.COMMUNITY is aimed at increasing knowledge in a field of occupational medicine that is still largely uncovered. Phase 0 will provide the essential information necessary to prepare the protocol for the subsequent phases.
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- 2010
28. Vrtlarski rad i izloženost teškim metalima u gradskom okružju
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Vincenzo D'Elia, Vittorio Lodi, Massimo Naldi, Gabriele Gherardi, Francesco S. Violante, Marta Bonparola, Roberto Badiello, and Giovanni Battista Raffi
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atomic absorption spectrometry ,cadmium ,chromium ,gardening ,health risk ,heavy metals ,lead ,nickel ,occupational exposure ,urban environment ,vanadium ,atomska apsorpcijska spektrometrija ,gradsko okružje ,kadmij ,krom ,nikalj ,olovo ,profesionalna izloženost ,teški metali ,vanadij ,vrtlarski rad ,zdravstveni rizik ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,complex mixtures - Abstract
Urban soil may be a source of occupational exposure to various pollutants in gardening and land cultivation. This paper presents data of a one-year follow-up of lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, and vanadium in the environment of the city of Bologna. Samples of soil and leaves were collected at three locations; gardens from the inner-city high-traffic area, parks in moderatetraffic area, and parks in suburban, low-traffic area. The top and deeper layers of soil and leaves were mainly polluted by lead at all locations, which corresponded to the traffic density. Personal samplers recorded greater concentrations of airborne metals than did the area samplers but the values kept below the threshold limit established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists for the working environment. Due to cumulative nature and interactive effects of toxic metals with other toxic and essential elements, long-term exposure to metals in the urban environment may be a health risk for occupationally exposed gardeners., Gradsko tlo može biti izvorom profesionalne izloženosti različitim onečišćivačima u vrtlara, uključujući otrovne teške metale koji se talože iz onečišćenog zraka na tlo i lišće. U radu su prikazani podaci jednogodišnjeg praćenja koncentracija olova, kadmija, niklja, kroma i vanadija u talijanskom gradu Bologni. Uzorci tla i lišća skupljani su na tri mjesta s različitom gustoćom prometa; u središtu grada s velikom gustoćom prometa, u parkovima s umjerenim prometom u okolišu i u prigradskim parkovima sa slabim prometom. Na svim lokacijama gornji i dublji slojevi tla bili su podjednako onečišćeni ponajprije olovom i to je bilo u svezi s prometnom gustoćom. Koncentracije metala u zraku utvr|ene u filtrima osobnih skupljača bile su više od koncentracija u skupljačima na tlu. Vrijednosti metala u zraku bile su niže od graničnih vrijednosti utvr|enih za radni okoliš od Američke konferencije vladinih industrijskih higijeničara (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). Zaključeno je da vrtlari, u usporedbi s općim stanovništvom, i pri niskim razinama izloženosti u gradskom okolišu imaju povećan zdravstveni rizik za štetna djelovanja otrovnih metala i drugih onečišćivača okoliša zbog dugotrajne izloženosti u svezi s njihovim radom.
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- 1999
29. Assessment of human exposure to pesticides in greenhouses and effectiveness of personal protective devices
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Laura Iorizzo, Andrea Bianchi, Gastone Gamberini, Aldo Rubino, Maurilio Missere, Giovanni Jr. Minak, Sante Tabanelli, Francesco S. Violante, and Giovanni B. Raffi
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izloženost pesticidima ,onečišćenje kože pesticidima ,onečišćenje pesticidima u staklenicima ,pesticidi u zraku okoliša ,parasitic diseases ,environmental airborne pesticides ,greenhouses pesticide pollution ,pesticide exposure ,skin pesticide contamination - Abstract
The exposure to pesticides in a group of workers growing vegetables in greenhouses in farms near Rimini in Italy was evaluated. The pesticides used were organophosphorus compounds, org anochlorine compounds, carbamates, pyrethroids. amide and anilide derivatives. Measurements were carried out in seven greenhouses randomly selected. The environment was free of atmospheric agents which could have influenced the pesticide concentrations in the indoor air. Two types of chemical sampling were performed; environmental and personal. The latter was done in the liquid for washing hands and by means ot pads applied directly to me worker's skin and to the clothes. The aim of the determination of airborne pesticide concentrations was to evaluate mean environmental exposure to pesticides in the sprayed areas. The sampling went on from a fixed point during the entire spraying period. The aim of individual sampling was to determine the active ingredients as contaminants. The values obtained showed a risk of exposure for the greenhouse personnel working without using personal protective devices (masks, gloves and waterproof clothes), considering that pesticides could be absorbed through the skin in between the spraying intervals., Istraživana je izloženost pesticidima u skupini radnika zaposlenih u staklenicima za uzgoj povrća u blizini Riminija LI Italiji. Primjenjivani pesticidi bili su organofosforni, organoklorirani, karbamatni spojevi, piretroidi te derivati amida i anilida. Mjerenja su provedena u sedam slučajno odabranih staklenika. Unutrašnjost staklenika bila je izolirana od vanjskih utjecaja kako pesticidi u vanjskoj atmosferi ne bi utjecali na koncentracije u atmosferi staklenika. Provedene su dvije vrste sakupljanja uzoraka tijekom razdoblja raspršavanja pesticida: iz okoliša i sa ispitanika. U uzorcima zraka sakupljenim u atmosferi staklenika izmjerene su prosječne koncentracije pesticida u području raspršivanja pesticida. Također je sakupljena tekućina za ispiranje ruku radnika i pasivni upijači zagađivala s kože radnika i sa odjeće. Svrha individualnog sakupljanja bila je odrediti aktivne sastojke zagađivala. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju rizik za izloženost radnika u staklenicima kada rade bez zaštitne opreme (maske, rukavice i vodootporna odjeća) imajući na umu da se pesticidi mogu apsorbirati kožom i u razdoblju između raspršivanja pesticida.
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- 1996
30. Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning.
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Elizabeth A Cromwell, Joshua C P Osborne, Thomas R Unnasch, Maria-Gloria Basáñez, Katherine M Gass, Kira A Barbre, Elex Hill, Kimberly B Johnson, Katie M Donkers, Shreya Shirude, Chris A Schmidt, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Mohsen Afarideh, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Ziyad Al-Aly, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Vahid Alipour, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Fereshteh Ansari, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, Davood Anvari, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Jalal Arabloo, Benjamin F Arnold, Marcel Ausloos, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Atif Amin Baig, Maciej Banach, Aleksandra Barac, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Mohsen Bayati, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Sadia Bibi, Ali Bijani, Somayeh Bohlouli, Mahdi Bohluli, Oliver J Brady, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Zahid A Butt, Felix Carvalho, Souranshu Chatterjee, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Saad M A Dahlawi, Giovanni Damiani, Farah Daoud, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Ahmad Daryani, Kebede Deribe, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Daniel Diaz, Hoa Thi Do, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Anwar Faraj, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Yousef Fatahi, Valery L Feigin, Eduarda Fernandes, Nataliya A Foigt, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Davide Guido, Yuming Guo, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Kanaan Hamagharib Abdullah, Samer Hamidi, Claudiu Herteliu, Hagos Degefa de Hidru, Tarig B Higazi, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D Ilic, Irena M Ilic, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Ravi Prakash Jha, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Zubair Kabir, Leila R Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Behzad Karami Matin, Salah Eddin Karimi, Amir Kasaeian, Taras Kavetskyy, Gbenga A Kayode, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Maryam Keramati, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Neda Kianipour, Kelemu Tilahun Kibret, Yun Jin Kim, Soewarta Kosen, Kris J Krohn, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Van Charles Lansingh, Paul H Lee, Kate E LeGrand, Shanshan Li, Joshua Longbottom, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Afshin Maleki, Abdullah A Mamun, Ali Manafi, Navid Manafi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Walter Mendoza, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Desalegn Tadese Mengistu, Seid Tiku Mereta, Tomislav Mestrovic, Ted R Miller, Mohammad Miri, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Shafiu Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Masoud Moradi, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Paula Moraga, Jonathan F Mosser, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Gurudatta Naik, Ionut Negoi, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Bogdan Oancea, Tinuke O Olagunju, Andrew T Olagunju, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Adrian Pana, Hadi Pourjafar, Fakher Rahim, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Priya Rathi, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Serge Resnikoff, Melese Abate Reta, Aziz Rezapour, Enrico Rubagotti, Salvatore Rubino, Ehsan Sadeghi, Abedin Saghafipour, S Mohammad Sajadi, Abdallah M Samy, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez, Monika Sawhney, Megan F Schipp, Amira A Shaheen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Kiomars Sharafi, Aziz Sheikh, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Jae Il Shin, K M Shivakumar, Biagio Simonetti, Jasvinder A Singh, Eirini Skiadaresi, Amin Soheili, Shahin Soltani, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Takahiro Tabuchi, Leili Tapak, Robert L Thompson, Alan J Thomson, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Irfan Ullah, Saif Ullah, Chigozie Jesse Uneke, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Olalekan A Uthman, Natalie V S Vinkeles Melchers, Francesco S Violante, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Tomohide Yamada, Sanni Yaya, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Leila Zaki, Sojib Bin Zaman, Maryam Zamanian, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Arash Ziapour, Simon I Hay, and David M Pigott
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that, in some foci, elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa may be feasible with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. To achieve continental elimination of transmission, mapping surveys will need to be conducted across all implementation units (IUs) for which endemicity status is currently unknown. Using boosted regression tree models with optimised hyperparameter selection, we estimated environmental suitability for onchocerciasis at the 5 × 5-km resolution across Africa. In order to classify IUs that include locations that are environmentally suitable, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify an optimal threshold for suitability concordant with locations where onchocerciasis has been previously detected. This threshold value was then used to classify IUs (more suitable or less suitable) based on the location within the IU with the largest mean prediction. Mean estimates of environmental suitability suggest large areas across West and Central Africa, as well as focal areas of East Africa, are suitable for onchocerciasis transmission, consistent with the presence of current control and elimination of transmission efforts. The ROC analysis identified a mean environmental suitability index of 0·71 as a threshold to classify based on the location with the largest mean prediction within the IU. Of the IUs considered for mapping surveys, 50·2% exceed this threshold for suitability in at least one 5 × 5-km location. The formidable scale of data collection required to map onchocerciasis endemicity across the African continent presents an opportunity to use spatial data to identify areas likely to be suitable for onchocerciasis transmission. National onchocerciasis elimination programmes may wish to consider prioritising these IUs for mapping surveys as human resources, laboratory capacity, and programmatic schedules may constrain survey implementation, and possibly delaying MDA initiation in areas that would ultimately qualify.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17
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Aniruddha Deshpande, Molly K Miller-Petrie, Paulina A Lindstedt, Mathew M Baumann, Kimberly B Johnson, Brigette F Blacker, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Mohsen Afarideh, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Mehdi Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Anwar E Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Ali S Akanda, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Samiah Alam, Noore Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M Alanzi, James Albright, Ammar Albujeer, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Animut Alebel, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Muhammad Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Almasi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Saeed Amini, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Jalal Arabloo, Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Olatunde Aremu, Bahram Armoon, Amit Arora, Krishna K Aryal, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Daniel Asmelash, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Shally Awasthi, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Andrew S Azman, Ebrahim Babaee, Alaa Badawi, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Aleksandra Barac, Miguel A Barboza, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Sanjay Basu, Vo Dinh Bay, Mohsen Bayati, Neeraj Bedi, Mahya Beheshti, Meysam Behzadifar, Masoud Behzadifar, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Michelle L Bell, Derrick A. Bennett, Habib Benzian, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Robert S Bernstein, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Somayeh Bohlouli, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J Brady, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle B Britton, Alexandria Brown, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Ester Cerin, Binaya Chalise, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Ken Lee Chin, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Vera Marisa Costa, Elizabeth A Cromwell, Abel Fekadu Fekadu Dadi, Tukur Dahiru, Saad M A Dahlawi, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Farah Daoud, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Nicole Davis Weaver, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Jan-Walter De Neve, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Assefa Desalew, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Hoa Thi Do, Christiane Dolecek, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Hisham Atan Edinur, Andem Effiong, Aziz Eftekhari, Nevine El Nahas, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Ziad El-Khatib, Hajer Elkout, Aisha Elsharkawy, Shymaa Enany, Daniel Adane Endalew, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Arash Etemadi, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohammad Fareed, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Alebachew Fasil Fasil, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L. Feigin, Wubalem Fekadu, Netsanet Fentahun, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Carsten Flohr, Nataliya A. Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Joseph Jon Frostad, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M Gad, Gregory M Garcia, Augustine Mwangi Gatotoh, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf, Tiffany K Gill, Paramjit Singh Gill, Themba G Ginindza, Alem Girmay, Zemichael Gizaw, Amador Goodridge, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Alessandra C Goulart, Ayman Grada, Manfred S Green, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Davide Guido, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Rajeev Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Giang Hai Ha, Juanita A. Haagsma, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Dessalegn H Haile, Michael Tamene Haile, Brian J. Hall, Samer Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Hamidreza Haririan, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Desta Haftu Hayelom, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru, Thomas R Hird, Chi Linh Hoang, Gillian I Hollerich, Praveen Hoogar, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Guoqing Hu, Ayesha Humayun, Syed Ather Hussain, Mamusha Aman A Hussen, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D. Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rebecca Q Ivers, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S Ji, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Tanuj Kanchan, André Karch, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Gebrehiwot G Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Gbenga A. Kayode, Mihiretu M Kebede, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Nauman Khalid, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Amir M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Khazaei, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Ali Kiadaliri, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sonali Kochhar, Tufa Kolola, Hamidreza Komaki, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Nuworza Kugbey, Pushpendra Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Aparna Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Hilton Lam, Faris Hasan Lami, Van Charles Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Georgy Lebedev, Paul H Lee, Kate E LeGrand, Mostafa Leili, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Aubrey J Levine, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Jaifred Christian F Lopez, Platon D Lopukhov, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D.R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Narayan B. Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Navid Manafi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Gabriel Martinez, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Manu Raj Mathur, Benjamin K Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Kala M Mehta, Teferi Mekonnen, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Seid Tiku Mereta, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Bahram Mohajer, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Shafiu Mohammed, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Hassen Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Yoshan Moodley, Masoud Moradi, Ghobad Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Paula Moraga, Linda Morales, Abbas Mosapour, Jonathan F. Mosser, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Miliva Mozaffor, Sandra B Munro, Moses K. Muriithi, Christopher J L Murray, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Ionut Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Marzieh Nojomi, Ole F Norheim, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Frank B Osei, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Jagadish Rao. Padubidri, Smita Pakhale, Adrian Pana, Eun-Kee Park, Sangram Kishor Patel, Ashish Pathak, Ajay Patle, Kebreab Paulos, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Norberto Perico, Aslam Pervaiz, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Konrad Pesudovs, Hai Quang Pham, David M Pigott, Thomas Pilgrim, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Mario Poljak, Ian Pollock, Maarten J Postma, Farshad Pourmalek, Akram Pourshams, Sergio I Prada, Liliana Preotescu, Hedley Quintana, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Siavash Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Fatemeh Rajati, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Puja C Rao, Davide Rasella, Goura Kishor Rath, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M.N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Enrico Rubagotti, Salvatore Rubino, Anas M Saad, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Yahya Safari, Rajesh Sagar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Ahsan Saleem, Hosni Salem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Itamar S Santos, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Mehdi Sayyah, Alyssa N Sbarra, Lauren E Schaeffer, David C Schwebel, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Amira A Shaheen, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Rajesh Sharma, Aziz Sheikh, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Si Si, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Virendra Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Ambrish Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Eirini Skiadaresi, David L Smith, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Anton Sokhan, Joan B Soriano, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Bryan L. Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Bineyam Taye, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Shishay Wahdey Tekelemedhin, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Akhil Soman ThekkePurakkal, Nihal Thomas, Robert L Thompson, Alan J Thomson, Roman Topor-Madry, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Olalekan A Uthman, Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu, Pascual R Valdez, Santosh Varughese, Yousef Veisani, Francesco S Violante, Sebastian Vollmer, Feleke Gebremeskel W/hawariat, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Yuan-Pang Wang, Yafeng Wang, Kinley Wangdi, Daniel J Weiss, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Ronny Westerman, Taweewat Wiangkham, Kirsten E Wiens, Tissa Wijeratne, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Getasew Taddesse Worku, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Mehdi Yaseri, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Alex Yeshaneh, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Siddhesh Zadey, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Zandian, Heather J Zar, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Yunquan Zhang, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2–89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664–711) of the 1830 (1797–1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6–80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6–59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. Interpretation: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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- 2020
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32. The global distribution of lymphatic filariasis, 2000–18: a geospatial analysis
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Aniruddha Deshpande, Molly K Miller-Petrie, Paulina A Lindstedt, Mathew M Baumann, Kimberly B Johnson, Brigette F Blacker, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Mohsen Afarideh, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Mehdi Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Anwar E Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Ali S Akanda, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Samiah Alam, Noore Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M Alanzi, James Albright, Ammar Albujeer, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Animut Alebel, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Muhammad Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Almasi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Saeed Amini, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Jalal Arabloo, Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Olatunde Aremu, Bahram Armoon, Amit Arora, Krishna K Aryal, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Daniel Asmelash, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Shally Awasthi, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Andrew S Azman, Ebrahim Babaee, Alaa Badawi, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Aleksandra Barac, Miguel A Barboza, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Sanjay Basu, Vo Dinh Bay, Mohsen Bayati, Neeraj Bedi, Mahya Beheshti, Meysam Behzadifar, Masoud Behzadifar, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Michelle L Bell, Derrick A. Bennett, Habib Benzian, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Robert S Bernstein, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Somayeh Bohlouli, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J Brady, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle B Britton, Alexandria Brown, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Ester Cerin, Binaya Chalise, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Ken Lee Chin, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Vera Marisa Costa, Elizabeth A Cromwell, Abel Fekadu Fekadu Dadi, Tukur Dahiru, Saad M A Dahlawi, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Farah Daoud, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Nicole Davis Weaver, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Jan-Walter De Neve, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Assefa Desalew, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Hoa Thi Do, Christiane Dolecek, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Hisham Atan Edinur, Andem Effiong, Aziz Eftekhari, Nevine El Nahas, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Ziad El-Khatib, Hajer Elkout, Aisha Elsharkawy, Shymaa Enany, Daniel Adane Endalew, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Arash Etemadi, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohammad Fareed, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Alebachew Fasil Fasil, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L. Feigin, Wubalem Fekadu, Netsanet Fentahun, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Carsten Flohr, Nataliya A. Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Joseph Jon Frostad, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M Gad, Gregory M Garcia, Augustine Mwangi Gatotoh, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf, Tiffany K Gill, Paramjit Singh Gill, Themba G Ginindza, Alem Girmay, Zemichael Gizaw, Amador Goodridge, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Alessandra C Goulart, Ayman Grada, Manfred S Green, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Davide Guido, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Rajeev Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Giang Hai Ha, Juanita A. Haagsma, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Dessalegn H Haile, Michael Tamene Haile, Brian J. Hall, Samer Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Hamidreza Haririan, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Desta Haftu Hayelom, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru, Thomas R Hird, Chi Linh Hoang, Gillian I Hollerich, Praveen Hoogar, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Guoqing Hu, Ayesha Humayun, Syed Ather Hussain, Mamusha Aman A Hussen, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D. Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rebecca Q Ivers, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S Ji, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Tanuj Kanchan, André Karch, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Gebrehiwot G Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Gbenga A. Kayode, Mihiretu M Kebede, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Nauman Khalid, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Amir M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Khazaei, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Ali Kiadaliri, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sonali Kochhar, Tufa Kolola, Hamidreza Komaki, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Nuworza Kugbey, Pushpendra Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Aparna Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Hilton Lam, Faris Hasan Lami, Van Charles Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Georgy Lebedev, Paul H Lee, Kate E LeGrand, Mostafa Leili, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Aubrey J Levine, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Jaifred Christian F Lopez, Platon D Lopukhov, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D.R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Narayan B. Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Navid Manafi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Gabriel Martinez, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Manu Raj Mathur, Benjamin K Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Kala M Mehta, Teferi Mekonnen, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Seid Tiku Mereta, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Bahram Mohajer, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Shafiu Mohammed, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Hassen Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Yoshan Moodley, Masoud Moradi, Ghobad Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Paula Moraga, Linda Morales, Abbas Mosapour, Jonathan F. Mosser, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Miliva Mozaffor, Sandra B Munro, Moses K. Muriithi, Christopher J L Murray, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Ionut Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Marzieh Nojomi, Ole F Norheim, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Frank B Osei, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Jagadish Rao. Padubidri, Smita Pakhale, Adrian Pana, Eun-Kee Park, Sangram Kishor Patel, Ashish Pathak, Ajay Patle, Kebreab Paulos, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Norberto Perico, Aslam Pervaiz, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Konrad Pesudovs, Hai Quang Pham, David M Pigott, Thomas Pilgrim, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Mario Poljak, Ian Pollock, Maarten J Postma, Farshad Pourmalek, Akram Pourshams, Sergio I Prada, Liliana Preotescu, Hedley Quintana, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Siavash Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Fatemeh Rajati, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Puja C Rao, Davide Rasella, Goura Kishor Rath, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M.N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Enrico Rubagotti, Salvatore Rubino, Anas M Saad, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Yahya Safari, Rajesh Sagar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Ahsan Saleem, Hosni Salem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Itamar S Santos, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Mehdi Sayyah, Alyssa N Sbarra, Lauren E Schaeffer, David C Schwebel, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Amira A Shaheen, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Rajesh Sharma, Aziz Sheikh, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Si Si, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Virendra Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Balbir Bagicha Singh Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Ambrish Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Eirini Skiadaresi, David L Smith, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Anton Sokhan, Joan B Soriano, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Bryan L. Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Bineyam Taye, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Shishay Wahdey Tekelemedhin, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Akhil Soman ThekkePurakkal, Nihal Thomas, Robert L Thompson, Alan J Thomson, Roman Topor-Madry, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Olalekan A Uthman, Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu, Pascual R Valdez, Santosh Varughese, Yousef Veisani, Francesco S Violante, Sebastian Vollmer, Feleke Gebremeskel W/hawariat, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Yuan-Pang Wang, Yafeng Wang, Kinley Wangdi, Daniel J Weiss, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Ronny Westerman, Taweewat Wiangkham, Kirsten E Wiens, Tissa Wijeratne, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Getasew Taddesse Worku, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Mehdi Yaseri, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Alex Yeshaneh, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Siddhesh Zadey, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Zandian, Heather J Zar, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Yunquan Zhang, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause permanent disability through disruption of the lymphatic system. This disease is caused by parasitic filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquitos. Mass drug administration (MDA) of antihelmintics is recommended by WHO to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. This study aims to produce the first geospatial estimates of the global prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection over time, to quantify progress towards elimination, and to identify geographical variation in distribution of infection. Methods: A global dataset of georeferenced surveyed locations was used to model annual 2000–18 lymphatic filariasis prevalence for 73 current or previously endemic countries. We applied Bayesian model-based geostatistics and time series methods to generate spatially continuous estimates of global all-age 2000–18 prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection mapped at a resolution of 5 km2 and aggregated to estimate total number of individuals infected. Findings: We used 14 927 datapoints to fit the geospatial models. An estimated 199 million total individuals (95% uncertainty interval 174–234 million) worldwide were infected with lymphatic filariasis in 2000, with totals for WHO regions ranging from 3·1 million (1·6–5·7 million) in the region of the Americas to 107 million (91–134 million) in the South-East Asia region. By 2018, an estimated 51 million individuals (43–63 million) were infected. Broad declines in prevalence are observed globally, but focal areas in Africa and southeast Asia remain less likely to have attained infection prevalence thresholds proposed to achieve local elimination. Interpretation: Although the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection has declined since 2000, MDA is still necessary across large populations in Africa and Asia. Our mapped estimates can be used to identify areas where the probability of meeting infection thresholds is low, and when coupled with large uncertainty in the predictions, indicate additional data collection or intervention might be warranted before MDA programmes cease. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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- 2020
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33. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17
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Kirsten E Wiens, Paulina A Lindstedt, Brigette F Blacker, Kimberly B Johnson, Mathew M Baumann, Lauren E Schaeffer, Hedayat Abbastabar, Sr, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R M Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Dilaram Acharya, Maryam Adabi, Abdu A Adamu, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Sr, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Sr, Beyene Meressa Adhena, Mohsen Afarideh, Sohail Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Anwar E Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Rushdia Ahmed, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Noore Alam, Sr, Samiah Alam, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ali Almasi, Sr, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Saeed Amini, Sr, Arianna Maever L Amit, Sr, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Sr, Mina Anjomshoa, Amir Anoushiravani, Sr, Fereshteh Ansari, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Benny Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Jalal Arabloo, Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Sr, Olatunde Aremu, Bahram Armoon, Amit Arora, Sr, Krishna K Aryal, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sr, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Sachin R Atre, Marcel Ausloos, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Sr, Yared Asmare Aynalem IV, Samad Azari, Peter S Azzopardi, Ebrahim Babaee, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Alaa Badawi, Sr, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Ayele Geleto Bali, Maciej Banach, Sr, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Sr, Aleksandra Barac, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Huda Basaleem, Sanjay Basu, Vo Dinh Bay, Mohsen Bayati, Estifanos Baye, Neeraj Bedi, Mahya Mahya Beheshti Beheshti, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Behzadifar, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Yaschilal Muche Belayneh, Michellr L Bell, Sr, Derrick A Bennett, Sr, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Robert S Bernstein, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Sr, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Sr, Suraj Bhattarai, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Binyam Minuye Birihane IV, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Somayeh Bohlouli, Hunduma Amensisa Amensisa Bojia I, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J Brady, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Gabrielle B Britton, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Sr, Reinhard Busse, Sr, Zahid A Butt, Luis LA Alberto Cámera, Sr, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Sr, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Sr, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Sr, Franz Castro, Wagaye Fentahun Chanie, Sr, Pranab Chatterjee, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Tesfaye Yitna Yitna Chichiabellu, Jr, Ken Lee Chin, Sr, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie Maria Cormier, Vera Marisa Costa, Carlos Culquichicon, Matiwos Soboka Daba, Giovanni Damiani, Sr, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Sr, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Gail Davey, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Adrian C Davis, Sr, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Sr, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Sr, Kebede Deribe, Sr, Assefa Desalew, Aniruddha Deshpande, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Daniel Diaz, Sr, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Shirin Djalalinia, Kerrie E Doyle, Eleonora Dubljanin, Bereket Duko, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Hisham Atan Edinur, Sr, Andem Effiong, Sr, Aziz Eftekhari, Nevine El Nahas, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Teshome Bekele Elema I, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Sr, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Hajer Elkout, Aisha Elsharkawy, Iqbal RF Elyazar, Aklilu Endalamaw, Daniel Adane Endalew, Sr, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, Sadaf Esteghamati, Sr, Arash Etemadi, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Mohammad Fareed, Roghiyeh Faridnia, Farshad Farzadfar, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Valery L Feigin, Sr, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Sr, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M Gad, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Teshome Gebre, Sr, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Sr, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Sr, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Pramesh Raj Ghimire, Sr, Paramjit Singh Gill, Sr, Tiffany K Gill, Themba G G Ginindza, Nelson G M Gomes, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Alessandra C Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Sr, Davide Guido, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Sr, Rajeev Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Dessalegn H Haile, Sr, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Hamidreza Haririan, Sr, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Md Mehedi Hasan, Edris Hasanpoor, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hadi Hassankhani, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Mohamed I Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Behnam Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Sr, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru I, Thomas R Hird, Chi Linh Hoang, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Praveen Hoogar, Mohammad Hoseini, Naznin Hossain, Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed Hsairi, Sr, Guoqing Hu, Mohammedaman Mama Hussen, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Ehimario U Igumbor, Sr, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D Ilic, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Neda Izadi, Sr, Anelisa Jaca, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S Ji, Sr, Jost B Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Sr, Amaha Kahsay, Hamed Kalani, Tanuj Kanchan, Behzad Karami Matin, André Karch, Mohd Anisul Karim, Hamidreza Karimi-Sari, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Yawukal chane Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Gebrehiwot G Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Gbenga A Kayode, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Mihiretu M Kebede, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Sr, Andre Pascal Kengne, Sr, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Nauman Khalid, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Sr, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan I, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Khaled Khatab, Sr, Amir M Khater, Mona M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Khazaei, Salman Khazaei, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Ali Kiadaliri, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Niranjan Kissoon, Sr, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah M KMShivakumar, Sr, Sonali Kochhar, Tufa Kolola, Sr, Hamidreza Komaki, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Moritz U G Kraemer, Kewal Krishan, Nuworza Kugbey, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Sr, Pushpendra Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Sheetal D Lad, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Felix Lam, Faris Hasan Lami, Sr, Prabhat Lamichhane, Van Charles Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Avula Laxmaiah, Paul H Lee, Sr, Kate E LeGrand, Mostafa Leili, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Sr, Aubrey J Levine, Shanshan Li, Sr, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Simin Liu, Rakesh Lodha, Joshua Longbottom, Jaifred Christian F Lopez, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D R Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Sr, Narayan B Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Sr, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Sr, Navid Manafi, Sr, Ana Laura Manda, Narendar Dawani Dawanu Manohar, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Joemer C Maravilla, Gabriel Martinez, Sr, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Anthony Masaka, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg, Manu Raj Mathur, Benjamin K Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Sr, Kala M Mehta, Tefera C Chane Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Sr, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Seid Tiku Mereta, Tuomo J Meretoja, Sr, Tomislav Mestrovic, Bartosz Miazgowski, Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie, Sr, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Bahram Mohajer, Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Dara K Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Yousef Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Noushin Mohammadifard, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Sr, Shafiu Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Yoshan Moodley, Sr, Catrin E Moore, Sr, Ghobad Moradi, Masoud Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Linda Morales, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Abbas Mosapour, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Miliva Mozaffor I, Kindie Fentahun Muchie, Sr, Getahun Fentaw Mulaw, Sr, Sandra B Munro, Moses K Muriithi, Christopher J L Murray, GVS Murthy, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Sr, Saravanan Muthupandian, Sr, Ashraf F Nabhan, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Kovin S Naidoo, Gurudatta Naik, Farid Najafi, Vinay Nangia, Sr, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Sr, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Sr, Ionut Negoi, Sr, Henok Biresaw Netsere Netsere, Sr, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Sr, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Dabere Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Marzieh Nojomi, Vuong Minh Nong, Ole F Norheim, Sr, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Soraya Nouraei Motlagh, Bogdan Oancea, Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Sr, Eyal Oren, Doris V V Ortega-Altamirano, Sr, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Frank B Osei, Sr, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Sr, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Smita Pakhale, Sangram Kishor Patel, Angel J Paternina-Caicedo, Sr, Ashish Pathak, Sr, George C Patton, Deepak Paudel, Sr, Kebreab Paulos, Sr, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Alexandre Pereira, Norberto Perico, Aslam Pervaiz, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Maarten J Postma, Hadi Pourjafar, Farshad Pourmalek, Sr, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Sergio I Prada, Sr, Narayan Prasad, Liliana Preotescu, Hedley Quintana, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, SHAFIUR Rahman, Fatemeh Rajati, Sr, Saleem Muhammad Rana, Sr, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Davide Rasella, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Sr, Lal Rawal, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Vishnu Renjith, Andre M N Renzaho, Sr, Serge Resnikoff, Sr, Melese Abate Reta, Negar Rezaei, Mohammad sadegh Rezai, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Sr, Maria Rios-Blancas, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Elias Merdassa Roro, Sr, Jennifer M Ross, Enrico Rubagotti, Salvatore Rubino, Anas M Saad, Yogesh Damodar Sabde, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sr, Yahya Safari, Roya Safari-Faramani, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Sr, Payman Salamati, Hosni Salem, Marwa R Rashad Salem I, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Sr, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Kaushik Sarkar, Sr, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Nizal Sarrafzadegan I, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Monika Sawhney, Sonia Saxena, Sr, David C Schwebel, Sr, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta IV, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Sr, Hosein Shabaninejad, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Sr, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S Shalash, Sr, Seifadin Ahmed Shallo, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Hamid Sharifi, Hatem Samir Shehata, Sr, Aziz Sheikh, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Sr, Kenji Shibuya, Sr, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Sr, Desalegn Markos Shifti, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Sr, Reza Shirkoohi, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Ambrish Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Virendra Singh, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Eirini Skiadaresi, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Sr, Anton Sokhan, Shahin Soltani, Ranjani Somayaji, Moslem Soofi, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Sr, Ireneous N Soyiri, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Sr, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Marufa Sultana, Bruno Fokas Sunguya, Bryan L Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Jr, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Aberash Abay Tasew, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Sr, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay I, Fisaha Haile Haile Tesfay, Belay Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Nihal Thomas, Alemayehu Toma Toma, Sr, Roman Topor-Madry, Marcos Roberto Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Sr, Benjamin S Chudi Uzochukwu, Sr, Pascual R Valdez, Santosh Varughese, Sr, Francesco S Violante, Sr, Sebastian Vollmer, Sr, Feleke Gebremeskel W/hawariat, Sr, Yasir Waheed, Mitchell Taylor Wallin, Yafeng Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Marcia Weaver, Bedilu Girma Weji, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Catherine A Welgan, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Sr, Taweewat Wiangkham, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Sr, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Sr, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Sr, Getasew Taddesse Worku, Sr, Ai-Min Wu, Gelin Xu, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Sr, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Alex Yeshaneh, Christopher Sabo Yilgwan, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Sr, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Sr, Seok-Jun Yoon, Mustafa Z Younis, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Siddhesh Zadey, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Zandian, Nejimu Biza Zepro, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Yunquan Zhang, Xiu-Ju George Zhao, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Sr, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, and Robert C Reiner, Jr
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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- 2020
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34. Italy's health performance, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Lorenzo Monasta, Cristiana Abbafati, Giancarlo Logroscino, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Norberto Perico, Boris Bikbov, Giorgio Tamburlini, Ettore Beghi, Eugenio Traini, Sofia Boston Redford, Filippo Ariani, Antonio M Borzì, Cristina Bosetti, Giulia Carreras, Valeria Caso, Giulio Castelpietra, Massimo Cirillo, Sara Conti, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Giovanni Damiani, Lucia Sara D'Angiolella, Jessica Fanzo, Carla Fornari, Silvano Gallus, Giorgia Giussani, Giuseppe Gorini, Giuseppe Grosso, Davide Guido, Carlo La Vecchia, Paolo Lauriola, Matilde Leonardi, Miriam Levi, Fabiana Madotto, Stefania Mondello, Luigi Naldi, Stefano Olgiati, Raffaele Palladino, Cristiano Piccinelli, Marco Piccininni, Elisabetta Pupillo, Alberto Raggi, Salvatore Rubino, Paola Santalucia, Marco Vacante, Simone Vidale, Francesco S Violante, Mohsen Naghavi, and Luca Ronfani
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Through a comprehensive analysis of Italy's estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we aimed to understand the patterns of health loss and response of the health-care system, and offer evidence-based policy indications in light of the demographic transition and government health spending in the country. Methods: Estimates for Italy were extracted from GBD 2017. Data on Italy are presented for 1990 and 2017, on prevalence, causes of death, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), life expectancy at birth and at age 65 years, healthy life expectancy, and Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index. We compared the estimates for Italy with those of 15 other western European countries. Findings: The quality of the universal health system and healthy behaviours contribute to favourable overall health, even in comparison with other western European countries. In 2017, life expectancy and HAQ Index score in Italy were among the highest globally, with life expectancy at birth reaching 85·3 years for females and 80·8 for males in 2017, ranking Italy eighth globally for females and sixth for males, and an HAQ Index score of 94·9 in 2016 compared with 81·54 in 1990, keeping Italy ranked as ninth globally. Between 1990 and 2017 age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases decreased by 53·7% (95% uncertainty interval −56·1 to −51·4), for neoplasms decreased by 28·2% (−32·3 to −24·6), and for transport injuries decreased by 62·1% (−64·6 to −59·2). However, population ageing is causing an increase in the burden of specific diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (DALYs increased by 77·9% [68·4 to 87·2]) and pancreatic (DALYs increased by 39·7% [28·4 to 51·7]) and uterine cancers (DALYs increased by 164·7% [129·7 to 202·5]). Behavioural risk factors, which are potentially modifiable, still have a strong effect, particularly on cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. For instance, in 2017, 44 400 (41 200 to 47 800) cancer deaths were attributed to smoking, 12 000 (9600 to 14 800) to alcohol use, and 9500 (5400 to 14 200) to high body-mass index, while 47 000 (31 100 to 65 700) deaths due to cardiovascular diseases could be attributed to high LDL cholesterol, 28 700 (19 700 to 38 500) to diets low in whole grains, and 15 900 (8500 to 24 900) to low physical activity. Interpretation: Italy provides an interesting example of the results that can be achieved by a mix of relatively healthy lifestyles and a universal health system. Two main issues require attention, population ageing and gradual decrease of public health financing, which both pose several challenges to the future of Italy's health status. Our findings should be useful to Italy's policy makers and health system experts elsewhere. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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- 2019
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35. Scientific basis of ISO standards on biomechanical risk factors
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Tom J Armstrong, Alex Burdorf, Alexis Descatha, Andrea Farioli, Maggie Graf, Seichi Horie, William S Marras, Jim R Potvin, David Rempel, Giovanna Spatari, Esa-Pekka Takala, Jos Verbeek, and Francesco S Violante
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evidence-based practice ,iso ,iso standard ,biomechanical ,risk factor ,risk assessment ,prevention ,biomechanical risk factor ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Among other purposes, companies and regulatory agencies from around the world often adopt International Standard Organization (ISO) standards to determine acceptable practices, equipment and criteria for preventing occupational injuries and illnesses. ISO standards are based on a consensus among individuals who participate in the process. This discussion paper examines the scientific process for the development of several ISO standards on biomechanical factors, comparing it with processes used by other professional organizations, including scientific committees working on the development of clinical guidelines. While the ISO process has value, it also has clear limitations when it comes to developing occupational health and safety standards that should be based on scientific principles.
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- 2018
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36. Carpal tunnel syndrome and manual work: the OCTOPUS cohort, results of a ten-year longitudinal study
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Francesco S Violante, Andrea Farioli, Francesca Graziosi, Francesco Marinelli, Stefania Curti, Tom J Armstrong, Stefano Mattioli, and Roberta Bonfiglioli
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threshold limit value ,italy ,occupational exposure ,manual work ,upper-limb disorder ,octopus cohort ,occupational mononeuropathy ,musculoskeletal disorder ,longitudinal study ,carpal tunnel syndrome ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) proposed a method to assess the hand, wrist and forearm biomechanical overload based on exertions frequency (hand-activity level) and force use (normalized peak force). We applied the ACGIH threshold limit value (TLV)® method to a large occupational cohort to assess its ability to predict carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) onset. METHODS: A cohort of industrial and service workers was followed-up between 2000 and 2011. We investigated the incidence of CTS symptoms and CTS confirmed by nerve conduction studies (NCS). We then classified exposure with respect to action limit (AL) and TLV. Cox regression models including age, gender, body mass index, and presence of predisposing pathologies were conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of CTS and population attributable fractions. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 3131 workers [females, N=2032 (65%); mean age at baseline 39.3, standard deviation (SD) 9.4 years]. We observed 431 incident cases of CTS symptoms in 8000 person-years and 126 cases of CTS confirmed by NCS in 8883 person-years. The ACGIH TLV® method predicted both CTS symptoms [HR between AL and TLV 2.18, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.86–2.56; above TLV 2.07, 95% CI 1.52–2.81] and CTS confirmed by NCS (HR between AL and TLV 1.93, 95% CI 1.38–2.71; above TLV 1.95, 95% CI 1.27–3.00). About one third of CTS cases were attributable to exposure levels above the AL. CONCLUSIONS: The ACGIH TLV® method predicted the risk of CTS, but the dose–response was flat above the AL; a fine-tuning of the proposed thresholds should be considered.
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- 2016
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37. Global, regional, and national burden of respiratory tract cancers and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Chi Linh Hoang, Christopher J L Murray, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Feng Sha, Simon I. Hay, Jianrong Zhang, Nikita Otstavnov, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Azeem Majeed, Lorenzo Monasta, Jasvinder A. Singh, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Jalal Arabloo, Jonathan M. Kocarnik, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Freddy Sitas, Sanjeev Misra, Lisa M. Force, Irina Filip, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Shahabeddin Rezaei, Amir Radfar, Luca Ronfani, Iván Landires, Rovshan Khalilov, Brijesh Sathian, Bingyu Li, Farhad Pishgar, Mario Šekerija, Priya Rathi, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Michael T. Chung, Ali Bijani, Ritesh G. Menezes, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Ken Takahashi, Nobuyuki Horita, Supreet Kaur, Rakhi Dandona, Alan D. Lopez, Alireza Rafiei, Joana Morgado-da-Costa, Kelly Compton, Akram Pourshams, G Anil Kumar, Dinh-Toi Chu, Deniz Yuce, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Kazem Zendehdel, Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira, Aaron Cohen, Mohsen Naghavi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Lalit Dandona, Pradhum Ram, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Thomas Roberts, Michael Brauer, Meseret Derbew Molla, Vesna Zadnik, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Lidia Morawska, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Qing Lan, Rajesh Sharma, Mahesh P A, David Laith Rawaf, Ali H. Mokdad, Tomasz Miazgowski, Zabihollah Yousefi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Reza Malekzadeh, Paul J. Villeneuve, Masood Ali Shaikh, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Sohail Ahmad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Hassan Abolhassani, Hermann Brenner, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Elvynna Leong, Mohammad Rabiee, Abdallah M. Samy, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Silvano Gallus, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Mowafa Househ, Xiaochen Dai, Marco Vacante, Mihaela Hostiuc, Adrian Pana, Salman Rawaf, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Francesco Saverio Violante, Weijia Fu, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Vahid Alipour, Tone Bjørge, Savita Lasrado, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Farshad Farzadfar, Shafiu Mohammed, Fares Alahdab, Paolo Lauriola, Saeed Amini, Eugenio Traini, Maryam Zamanian, Samer Hamidi, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Pawan Faris, Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Shane D. Morrison, Marcel Ausloos, Aziz Sheikh, Eun-Kee Park, Antonio Biondi, Zahra Aryan, Claudiu Herteliu, Ivo Iavicoli, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Nicholas L S Roberts, Navid Rabiee, Tudorel Andrei, Catherine Bisignano, Giulia Carreras, Andrew T Olagunju, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Dejana Braithwaite, Alex Molassiotis, Kebebe Bekele Gonfa, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart, Javad Nazari, Giuseppe Gorini, Mahaveer Golechha, Bach Xuan Tran, Ravensara S. Travillian, Zahid A Butt, Baye Dagnew, Atif Amin Baig, Nima Rezaei, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Khanh Bao Tran, Malke Asaad, Tim Driscoll, Navid Manafi, Frances E. Dean, Shailesh Advani, Stephen S Lim, Robert Ancuceanu, Milena Ilic, Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra, Ashwin Kamath, Carlo La Vecchia, Farhad Islami, Sudeep K Siddappa Malleshappa, Irena Ilic, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Florian Fischer, GBD 2019 Respiratory Tract Cancer Collaborator, and Francesco S. Violante
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,CELL LUNG-CANCER ,EGFR ,Respiratory System ,GBD 2019 Respiratory Tract Cancers Collaborators ,Global Burden of Disease ,1117 Public Health and Health Services ,Critical Care Medicine ,Risk Factors ,Neoplasms ,General & Internal Medicine ,Internal medicine ,Tobacco Smoking ,Humans ,Medicine ,Risk factor ,Lung cancer ,Bronchus ,Science & Technology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,MUTATIONS ,business.industry ,Risk Factor ,MORTALITY ,Incidence ,Mortality rate ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,cancer ,GBD ,respiratory tract ,Smoking ,COVID-19 ,Cancer ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,Articles ,AIR-POLLUTION ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Respiratory Tract Neoplasms ,Respiratory Tract Neoplasm ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Years of potential life lost ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Relative risk ,CIGARETTE-SMOKING ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Human ,SMOKERS ,1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
Summary Background Prevention, control, and treatment of respiratory tract cancers are important steps towards achieving target 3.4 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—a one-third reduction in premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases by 2030. We aimed to provide global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 methodology, we evaluated the incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of respiratory tract cancers (ie, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer). Deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer attributable to each risk factor were estimated on the basis of risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input from 204 countries and territories, stratified by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Trends were estimated from 1990 to 2019, with an emphasis on the 2010–19 period. Findings Globally, there were 2·26 million (95% uncertainty interval 2·07 to 2·45) new cases of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer, and 2·04 million (1·88 to 2·19) deaths and 45·9 million (42·3 to 49·3) DALYs due to tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in 2019. There were 209 000 (194 000 to 225 000) new cases of larynx cancer, and 123 000 (115 000 to 133 000) deaths and 3·26 million (3·03 to 3·51) DALYs due to larynx cancer globally in 2019. From 2010 to 2019, the number of new tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer cases increased by 23·3% (12·9 to 33·6) globally and the number of larynx cancer cases increased by 24·7% (16·0 to 34·1) globally. Global age-standardised incidence rates of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer decreased by 7·4% (−16·8 to 1·6) and age-standardised incidence rates of larynx cancer decreased by 3·0% (−10·5 to 5·0) in males over the past decade; however, during the same period, age-standardised incidence rates in females increased by 0·9% (−8·2 to 10·2) for tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and decreased by 0·5% (−8·4 to 8·1) for larynx cancer. Furthermore, although age-standardised incidence and death rates declined in both sexes combined from 2010 to 2019 at the global level for tracheal, bronchus, lung and larynx cancers, some locations had rising rates, particularly those on the lower end of the SDI range. Smoking contributed to an estimated 64·2% (61·9–66·4) of all deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and 63·4% (56·3–69·3) of all deaths from larynx cancer in 2019. For males and for both sexes combined, smoking was the leading specific risk factor for age-standardised deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer per 100 000 in all SDI quintiles and GBD regions in 2019. However, among females, household air pollution from solid fuels was the leading specific risk factor in the low SDI quintile and in three GBD regions (central, eastern, and western sub-Saharan Africa) in 2019. Interpretation The numbers of incident cases and deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer increased globally during the past decade. Even more concerning, age-standardised incidence and death rates due to tracheal, bronchus, lung cancer and larynx cancer increased in some populations—namely, in the lower SDI quintiles and among females. Preventive measures such as smoking control interventions, air quality management programmes focused on major air pollution sources, and widespread access to clean energy should be prioritised in these settings. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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- 2021
38. Musculoskeletal pain in Europe: the role of personal, occupational, and social risk factors
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Andrea Farioli, Stefano Mattioli, Anna Quaglieri, Stefania Curti, Francesco S Violante, and David Coggon
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neck pain ,back pain ,cross-sectional study ,occupational risk factor ,musculoskeletal pain ,musculoskeletal disease ,europe ,personal risk factor ,social risk factor ,european working conditions survey ,ewcs ,upper-limb pain ,population characteristic ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in European countries varies considerably. We analyzed data from the fifth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) to explore the role of personal, occupational, and social risk factors in determining the national prevalence of musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: Over the course of 2010, 43 816 subjects from 34 countries were interviewed. We analyzed the one-year prevalence of back and neck/upper-limb pain. Individual-level risk factors studied included: sex; age; educational level; socioeconomic status; housework or cooking; gardening and repairs; somatizing tendency; job demand–control; six physical occupational exposures; and occupational group. Data on national socioeconomic variables were obtained from Eurostat and were available for 28 countries. We fitted Poisson regression models with random intercept by country. RESULTS: The main analysis comprised 35 550 workers. Among individual-level risk factors, somatizing tendency was the strongest predictor of the symptoms. Major differences were observed by country with back pain more than twice as common in Portugal (63.8%) than Ireland (25.7%), and prevalence rates of neck/upper-limb pain ranging from 26.6% in Ireland to 67.7% in Finland. Adjustment for individual-level risk factors slightly reduced the large variation in prevalence between countries. For back pain, the rates were more homogenous after adjustment for national socioeconomic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis indicates substantial variation between European countries in the prevalence of back and neck/upper-limb pain. This variation is unexplained by established individual risk factors. It may be attributable in part to socioeconomic differences between countries, with higher prevalence where there is less risk of poverty or social exclusion.
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- 2014
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39. Authors' response: Letter to the Editor concerning OCRA as preferred method in ISO standards on biomechanical risk factors
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Tom J Armstrong, Alex Burdorf, Alexis Descatha, Andrea Farioli, Maggie Graf, Seichi Horie, William S Marras, Jim R Potvin, David Rempel, Giovanna Spatari, Esa-Pekka Takala, Jos Verbeek, and Francesco S Violante
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
We thank Drs. Colombini and Occhipinti for their personal reply to our Discussion Paper (1, 2). We share the overall goal of preventing workplace injuries and welcome a discussion of the ISO process on workplace ergonomics standards; this was the primary aim of the Discussion Paper. We hope that other members of the relevant ISO working groups will also participate in the discussion. However, Drs. Colombini and Occipinti misinterpret our paper. Our aim was not to “addresses the scientific basis of ISO standards on biomechanical risk factors and more specifically the OCRA methodology”. The purpose was to point out that “while the ISO process has value, it has also clear limitations when it comes to developing occupational health and safety standards that should be based on scientific principles”. It is true that our paper discussed the OCRA method, but only as an example, in a single paragraph. We noted that the OCRA method was promoted as the preferred method by the ISO working group even though there were other risk assessment methods which, at the time (and currently), were at least as scientifically valid (3). The discovery that, while on the ISO working group, Drs. Colombini and Occipinti elevated the risk assessment method that they developed (OCRA) over the other methods, demonstrates one of several limitations of the ISO process, namely, the lack of attention to conflict of interest. Finally, we would like to draw attention to the note by Drs. Colombini and Occhipinti that “the ISO standards in question were actually developed by the working group, as mandated by ISO, over the period 2000‒2004”. This long-elapsed time, without an update to the standard, should be a concern for all scientists given the large quantity of quality scientific literature published since then (eg, 3‒6). Fourteen years is well beyond what is recommended in the ISO guidelines. References 1. Colombini D, Occhipinti E. Scientific basis of the OCRA method for risk assessment of biomechanical overload of the upper limb, as preferred method in ISO standards on biomechanical risk factors. Scand J Work Environ Health ‒ online first. https://doi.org.10.5271/sjweh.3746 2. Armstrong T J, Burdorf I A, Descatha A, Farioli A, Graf M, Horie S, Marras W S, Potvin J R, Rempel D, Spatari G, Takala E P, Verbeek J, Violante FS. Scientific basis of ISO standards on biomechanical risk factors. Scand J Work Environ Health ‒ online first. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3718 3. Takala EP, Pehkonen I, Forsman M, Hansson GA, Mathiassen SE, Neumann WP, Sjøgaard G, Veiersted KB, Westgaard RH, Winkel J. Systematic evaluation of observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures at work. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2010;36:3-24. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2876 4. Paulsen R, Gallu T, Gilkey D, Reiser R, Murgia L, Rosecrance J. The inter-rater reliability of Strain Index and OCRA Checklist task assessments in cheese processing. Applied Ergonomics. 2015; 51,199-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2015.04.019 5. Kapellusch JM, Gerr FE, Malloy EJ, Garg A, Harris-Adamson C, Bao SS, Burt SE, Dale AM, Eisen EA, Evanoff BA, Hegmann KT, Silverstein BA, Theise MS, Rempel DM. Exposure-response relationships for the ACGIH threshold limit value for hand-activity level: results from a pooled data study of carpal tunnel syndrome. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2014;40:610-20. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3456 6. Violante FS, Farioli A, Graziosi F, Marinelli F, Curti S, Armstrong TJ, Mattioli S, Bonfiglioli R. Carpal tunnel syndrome and manual work: the OCTOPUS cohort, results of a ten-year longitudinal study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2016;42:280-90. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3566
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- 2018
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40. Validation of the ACGIH TLV for hand activity level in the OCTOPUS cohort: a two-year longitudinal study of carpal tunnel syndrome
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Roberta Bonfiglioli, Stefano Mattioli, Tom J Armstrong, Francesca Graziosi, Francesco Marinelli, Andrea Farioli, and Francesco S Violante
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acgih tlv ,octopus cohort ,american conference of governmental industrial hygienists ,occupational exposure ,musculoskeletal disorder ,longitudinal study ,industrial worker ,repetition ,hand force ,carpal tunnel syndrome ,hand activity level ,validation ,msd ,cts ,biomechanical overload ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of musculoskeletal disorders to the hand-wrist system. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) proposed threshold limit values (TLV©) based on hand activity level (HAL) and normalized peak force (PF). We validated ACGIH TLV© in OCTOPUS, a large cohort study on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS: Industrial and service workers were followed from 2000–2003. We classified subjects with respect to action limit (AL) and TLV. Case definitions were: (i) self-reported symptoms; and (ii) combination of symptoms and positive nerve conduction studies. Poisson regression models including age, gender, body mass index, and presence of predisposing pathologies were conducted to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) of CTS. RESULTS: There were 4097 eligible workers. Of these, 236 (5.8%) were non-responders, 2194 (53.6%) had a complete follow-up, 728 (17.8%) were lost after intermediate assessment, and 939 (22.9%) were lost after baseline. Among the 3860 subjects with complete information at baseline, 2599 (67.3%) were women [mean age 38.1 [standard deviation (SD) 9.5] years; mean body mass index (BMI) 23.8 (SD 3.9) kg/m2]. ACGIH TLV© classification predicted both CTS symptoms [IRR between AL and TLV 2.43 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.77–3.33]; above TLV 3.32 (95% CI 2.34–4.72)] and CTS confirmed by nerve conduction studies [IRR between AL and TLV 1.95 (95% CI 1.21–3.16); above TLV 2.70 (95% CI 1.48–4.91)]. CONCLUSIONS: We found a dose–response relationship between ACGIH TLV© classification and risk of CTS. The increased risk observed for workers exposed between AL and TLV suggests that the current AL and TLV might not be sufficiently protective.
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- 2013
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41. Italy's health performance, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Monasta, L, Abbafati, C, Logroscino, G, Remuzzi, G, Perico, N, Bikbov, B, Tamburlini, G, Beghi, E, Traini, E, Boston Redford, S, Ariani, F, Borzì, AM, Bosetti, C, Carreras, G, Caso, V, Castelpietra, G, Cirillo, Massimo, Conti, S, Cortesi, PA, Damiani, G, D’Angiolella, LS, Fanzo, J, Farioli, A, Fornari, C, Gallus, S, Giussani, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Guido, D, La Vecchia, C, Lauriola, P, Leonardi, M, Levi, M, Madotto, F, Mondello, S, Naldi, L, Olgiati, S, Palladino, Raffaele, Piccinelli, C, Piccininni, M, Pupillo, P, Raggi, A, Rubino, S, Santalucia, P, Vacante, M, Vidale, S, Violante, FS, Naghavi, M, and Ronfani, Monasta, L, Abbafati, C, Logroscino, G, Remuzzi, G, Perico, N, Bikbov, B, Tamburlini, G, Beghi, E, Traini, E, Boston Redford, S, Ariani, F, Borzì, Am, Bosetti, C, Carreras, G, Caso, V, Castelpietra, G, Cirillo, Massimo, Conti, S, Cortesi, Pa, Damiani, G, D’Angiolella, L, Fanzo, J, Farioli, A, Fornari, C, Gallus, S, Giussani, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Guido, D, La, Vecchia, Lauriola, P, Leonardi, M, Levi, M, Madotto, F, Mondello, S, Naldi, L, Olgiati, S, Palladino, Raffaele, Piccinelli, C, Piccininni, M, Pupillo, P, Raggi, A, Rubino, S, Santalucia, P, Vacante, M, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Naghavi, M, And, Ronfani, GBD 2017 Italy Collaborators, Andrea Farioli, Francesco S. Violante, Monasta, L., Abbafati, C., Logroscino, G., Remuzzi, G., Perico, N., Bikbov, B., Tamburlini, G., Beghi, E., Traini, E., Redford, S. B., Ariani, F., Borzi, A. M., Bosetti, C., Carreras, G., Caso, V., Castelpietra, G., Cirillo, M., Conti, S., Cortesi, P. A., Damiani, G., D'Angiolella, L. S., Fanzo, J., Fornari, C., Gallus, S., Giussani, G., Gorini, G., Grosso, G., Guido, D., La Vecchia, C., Lauriola, P., Leonardi, M., Levi, M., Madotto, F., Mondello, S., Naldi, L., Olgiati, S., Palladino, R., Piccinelli, C., Piccininni, M., Pupillo, E., Raggi, A., Rubino, S., Santalucia, P., Vacante, M., Vidale, S., Violante, F. S., Naghavi, M., Ronfani, L., Redford, S, Borzì, A, Cirillo, M, Cortesi, P, D'Angiolella, L, La Vecchia, C, Palladino, R, Pupillo, E, and Ronfani, L
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Male ,GBD 2017 Italy Collaborators ,Health Status ,Demographic transition ,Disease ,Global Health ,01 natural sciences ,Global Burden of Disease ,Health Statu ,0302 clinical medicine ,Universal Health Insurance ,Cause of Death ,Health care ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ,global burden of disease ,Italy ,health performance ,health-care system ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Mortality rate ,1. No poverty ,Italian health loss ,3. Good health ,Female ,TERRITORIES ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Human ,Population ageing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cost Control ,Waiting Lists ,GBD ,195 COUNTRIES ,World Health Organization ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Life Expectancy ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,Delivery of Health Care ,Humans ,0101 mathematics ,Science & Technology ,SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY ,health care system ,business.industry ,DISABILITY ,Public health ,010102 general mathematics ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,xxx ,Years of potential life lost ,Life expectancy ,INJURIES ,GBD Italy ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Summary Background Through a comprehensive analysis of Italy's estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we aimed to understand the patterns of health loss and response of the health-care system, and offer evidence-based policy indications in light of the demographic transition and government health spending in the country. Methods Estimates for Italy were extracted from GBD 2017. Data on Italy are presented for 1990 and 2017, on prevalence, causes of death, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), life expectancy at birth and at age 65 years, healthy life expectancy, and Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index. We compared the estimates for Italy with those of 15 other western European countries. Findings The quality of the universal health system and healthy behaviours contribute to favourable overall health, even in comparison with other western European countries. In 2017, life expectancy and HAQ Index score in Italy were among the highest globally, with life expectancy at birth reaching 85·3 years for females and 80·8 for males in 2017, ranking Italy eighth globally for females and sixth for males, and an HAQ Index score of 94·9 in 2016 compared with 81·54 in 1990, keeping Italy ranked as ninth globally. Between 1990 and 2017 age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases decreased by 53·7% (95% uncertainty interval −56·1 to −51·4), for neoplasms decreased by 28·2% (−32·3 to −24·6), and for transport injuries decreased by 62·1% (−64·6 to −59·2). However, population ageing is causing an increase in the burden of specific diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (DALYs increased by 77·9% [68·4 to 87·2]) and pancreatic (DALYs increased by 39·7% [28·4 to 51·7]) and uterine cancers (DALYs increased by 164·7% [129·7 to 202·5]). Behavioural risk factors, which are potentially modifiable, still have a strong effect, particularly on cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. For instance, in 2017, 44 400 (41 200 to 47 800) cancer deaths were attributed to smoking, 12 000 (9600 to 14 800) to alcohol use, and 9500 (5400 to 14 200) to high body-mass index, while 47 000 (31 100 to 65 700) deaths due to cardiovascular diseases could be attributed to high LDL cholesterol, 28 700 (19 700 to 38 500) to diets low in whole grains, and 15 900 (8500 to 24 900) to low physical activity. Interpretation Italy provides an interesting example of the results that can be achieved by a mix of relatively healthy lifestyles and a universal health system. Two main issues require attention, population ageing and gradual decrease of public health financing, which both pose several challenges to the future of Italy's health status. Our findings should be useful to Italy's policy makers and health system experts elsewhere. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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- 2019
42. 'Is this case of a very rare disease work-related?' A review of reported cases of Pacinian neuroma
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Francesca Zanardi, Robin MT Cooke, Antonino Maiorana, Stefania Curti, Andrea Farioli, Roberta Bonfiglioli, Francesco S Violante, and Stefano Mattioli
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work-related ,occupational exposure ,pacinian neuroma ,pacinian corpuscles ,mechanoreceptors pathology ,hand injury ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In response to a request for a medicolegal opinion from an orthopaedic technician with pacinian neuroma of the hand, we conducted a systematic review of reported cases designed to assess whether this rare disease could be considered to be work-related. METHODS: We used Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, Google, and a manual search to identify reports of histologically confirmed pacinian neuroma of the hand manifesting after 15 years of age. Cases with available information (from article/authors) on personal history were considered eligible. We tabulated information on age/gender; localization and histopathologic features; signs/symptoms; history of local trauma; occupation, sports/hobbies or other physical exposures; right- or left-handedness; and outcome. RESULTS: We found 44 eligible cases (including the present referral). Of these, 21 (48%) followed a trauma [
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- 2011
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43. Musculoskeletal pain in Europe: the role of personal, occupational, and social risk factors
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Anna Quaglieri, David Coggon, Francesco Saverio Violante, Stefano Mattioli, Andrea Farioli, Stefania Curti, Andrea Farioli, Stefano Mattioli, Anna Quaglieri, Stefania Curti, Francesco S Violante, and David Coggon
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Adult ,Gerontology ,Male ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,occupational risk factor ,neck pain ,Prevalence ,Socio-culturale ,back pain ,personal risk factor ,european working conditions survey ,upper-limb pain ,Article ,Young Adult ,symbols.namesake ,Economica ,social risk factor ,Risk Factors ,Back pain ,medicine ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,Humans ,cross-sectional study ,Poisson regression ,Young adult ,Socioeconomic status ,Life Style ,musculoskeletal pain ,Neck pain ,Poverty ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Ambientale ,ewcs ,Middle Aged ,Occupational Diseases ,Socioeconomic Factors ,symbols ,population characteristic ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,business ,europe ,MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS ,musculoskeletal disease ,Demography - Abstract
ObjectivesThe prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in European countries varies considerably. We analyzed data from the fifth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) to explore the role of personal, occupational, and social risk factors in determining the national prevalence of musculoskeletal pain.MethodsOver the course of 2010, 43 816 subjects from 34 countries were interviewed. We analyzed the one-year prevalence of back and neck/upper-limb pain. Individual-level risk factors studied included: sex; age; educational level; socioeconomic status; housework or cooking; gardening and repairs; somatizing tendency; job demand–control; six physical occupational exposures; and occupational group. Data on national socioeconomic variables were obtained from Eurostat and were available for 28 countries. We fitted Poisson regression models with random intercept by country.ResultsThe main analysis comprised 35 550 workers. Among individual-level risk factors, somatizing tendency was the strongest predictor of the symptoms. Major differences were observed by country with back pain more than twice as common in Portugal (63.8%) than Ireland (25.7%), and prevalence rates of neck/upper-limb pain ranging from 26.6% in Ireland to 67.7% in Finland. Adjustment for individual-level risk factors slightly reduced the large variation in prevalence between countries. For back pain, the rates were more homogenous after adjustment for national socioeconomic variables.ConclusionsOur analysis indicates substantial variation between European countries in the prevalence of back and neck/upper-limb pain. This variation is unexplained by established individual risk factors. It may be attributable in part to socioeconomic differences between countries, with higher prevalence where there is less risk of poverty or social exclusion.
- Published
- 2014
44. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
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Lim, Stephen S, Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Hay, Simon I, Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kutz, Michael J, Larson, Heidi J, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D, Lozano, Rafael, McNellan, Claire R, Mokdad, Ali H, Mooney, Meghan D, Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E, Pigott, David M, Salomon, Joshua A, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, AlBuhairan, Fadia S, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alkhateeb, Mohammad AB, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H, Anderson, Benjamin O, Anderson, Gregory M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H, Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A, Bikbov, Boris, Binagwaho, Agnes, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert RA, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas JK, Broday, David M, Brugha, Traolach S, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A, Cahill, Leah E, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecilio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M, Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C, Crump, John A, Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C, Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C Des, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Deveber, Gabrielle A, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhillon, Preet K, Ding, Eric L, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A, Sofia e Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Mendonca Felicio, Manuela, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrari, Alize J, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph RA, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C, Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Gabbe, Belinda, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gessner, Bradford D, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Graetz, Nicholas, Greenwell, Karen Fern, Griswold, Max, Gugnani, Harish, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haakenstad, Annie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica AFM, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfi K Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Massano, Joao, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, McGrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert BM, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mirarefi, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafi U, Monasta, Lorenzo, De la Cruz Monis, Jonathan, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murdoch, Michele E, Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R, Newton, John N, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Mahesh, PA, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patil, Snehal T, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, Joao Mario, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz HS, Radfar, Amir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja C, Refaat, Amany H, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Roberts, Bayard, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R, Santos, Joao Vasco, Santomauro, Damian F, Santos, Itamar S, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione JC, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N, Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Naris, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Silverberg, Jonathan I, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Soneji, Samir, Soreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed JD, Soriano, Joan B, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stahl, Hans-Christian, Stanaway, Jeff rey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Sun, Jiandong, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra EI, Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, JS, Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi, Nogales Vasconcelos, Ana Maria, Veerman, J Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Volkow, Patricia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Linhong, Wanga, Valentine, Watkins, David A, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles DA, Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, Murray, Christopher JL, Collaborators, GBD 2015 SDG, Stephen S., Lim, Kate, Allen, Zulfi qar A., Bhutta, Lalit, Dandona, Mohammad H., Forouzanfar, Nancy, Fullman, Peter W., Gething, Ellen M., Goldberg, Simon I., Hay, Mollie, Holmberg, Yohannes, Kinfu, Michael J., Kutz, Heidi J., Larson, Xiaofeng, Liang, Alan D., Lopez, Rafael, Lozano, Claire R., Mcnellan, Ali H., Mokdad, Meghan D., Mooney, Mohsen, Naghavi, Helen E., Olsen, David M., Pigott, Joshua A., Salomon, Theo, Vo, Haidong, Wang, Amanuel Alemu, Abajobir, Kalkidan Hassen, Abate, Cristiana, Abbafati, Kaja M., Abba, Foad Abd, Allah, Abdishakur M., Abdulle, Biju, Abraham, Ibrahim, Abubakar, Laith J., Abu Raddad, Niveen M. E., Abu Rmeileh, Gebre Yitayih, Abyu, Tom, Achoki, Akindele Olupelumi, Adebiyi, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedeji, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afanvi, Ashkan, Afshin, Arnav, Agarwal, Anurag, Agrawal, Aliasghar Ahmad, Kiadaliri, Hamid, Ahmadieh, Kedir Yimam, Ahmed, Ali Shafqat, Akanda, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemi, Tomi F., Akinyemiju, Nadia, Akseer, Ziyad Al, Aly, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alam, Deena, Alasfoor, Fadia S., Albuhairan, Saleh Fahed, Aldhahri, Robert William, Aldridge, Zewdie Aderaw, Alemu, Raghib, Ali, Ala’A, Alkerwi, Mohammad AB, Alkhateeb, François, Alla, Peter, Allebeck, Christine, Allen, Rajaa Al, Raddadi, Khalid A., Altirkawi, Elena Alvarez, Martin, Nelson Alvis, Guzman, Azmeraw T., Amare, Alemayehu, Amberbir, Adeladza Kofi, Amegah, Heresh, Amini, Walid, Ammar, Stephen Marc, Amrock, Hjalte H., Andersen, Benjamin O., Anderson, Gregory M., Anderson, Carl Abelardo T., Antonio, Palwasha, Anwari, Johan, Ärnlöv, Al, Artaman, Hamid, Asayesh, Rana Jawad, Asghar, Suleman, Atique, Euripide Frinel G., Arthur Avokpaho, Ashish, Awasthi, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Quintanilla, Peter, Azzopardi, Umar, Bacha, Alaa, Badawi, Kalpana, Balakrishnan, Amitava, Banerjee, Aleksandra, Barac, Ryan, Barber, Suzanne L., Barker Collo, Till, Bärnighausen, Lope H., Barrero, Tonatiuh Barrientos, Gutierrez, Sanjay, Basu, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Shahrzad Bazargan, Hejazi, Justin, Beardsley, Neeraj, Bedi, Ettore, Beghi, Yannick, Béjot, Michelle L., Bell, Aminu K., Bello, Derrick A., Bennett, Isabela M., Bensenor, Habib, Benzian, Adugnaw, Berhane, Eduardo, Bernabé, Oscar Alberto, Bernal, Balem Demtsu, Betsu, Addisu Shunu, Beyene, Neeraj, Bhala, Samir, Bhatt, Sibhatu, Biadgilign, Kelly A., Bienhoff, Boris, Bikbov, Agnes, Binagwaho, Donal, Bisanzio, Espen, Bjertne, Jed, Blore, Rupert R. A., Bourne, Michael, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Alexandra, Brazinova, Nicholas J. K., Breitborde, David M., Broday, Traolach S., Brugha, Rachelle, Buchbinder, Zahid A., Butt, Leah E., Cahill, Ismael Ricardo Campos, Nonato, Julio Cesar, Campuzano, Hélène, Carabin, Rosario, Cárdena, Juan Jesus, Carrero, Austin, Carter, Daniel, Casey, Valeria, Caso, Carlos A., Castañeda Orjuela, Jacqueline Castillo, Riva, Ferrán Catalá, López, Fiorella, Cavalleri, Pedro, Cecílio, Hsing Yi, Chang, Jung Chen, Chang, Fiona J., Charlson, Xuan, Che, Alan Zian, Chen, Peggy Pei Chia, Chiang, Mirriam, Chibalabala, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chisumpa, Jee Young Jasmine, Choi, Rajiv, Chowdhury, Hanne, Christensen, Liliana G., Ciobanu, Cirillo, Massimo, Matthew M., Coate, Megan, Coggeshall, Aaron J., Cohen, Graham S., Cooke, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cooper, Benjamin C., Cowie, John A., Crump, Solomon Abrha, Damtew, Rakhi, Dandona, Paul I., Dargan, José das, Neve, Adrian C., Davi, Kairat, Davletov, E., Filipa de Castro, Diego De, Leo, Louisa, Degenhardt, Liana C., Del Gobbo, Kebede, Deribe, Sarah, Derrett, Don C., Des Jarlai, Aniruddha, Deshpande, Gabrielle A., Deveber, Subhojit, Dey, Samath D., Dharmaratne, Preet K., Dhillon, Eric L., Ding, E., Ray Dorsey, Kerrie E., Doyle, Tim R., Driscoll, Leilei, Duan, Manisha, Dubey, Bruce Bartholow, Duncan, Hedyeh, Ebrahimi, Aman Yesuf, Endrie, Sergey Petrovich, Ermakov, Holly E., Erskine, Babak, Eshrati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Saman, Fahimi, Talha A., Farid, Carla Sofi a. e., Sa Farinha, André, Faro, Maryam S., Farvid, Farshad, Farzadfar, Valery L., Feigin, Manuela Mendonca, Felicio, Seyed Mohammad, Fereshtehnejad, Jefferson G., Fernande, Joao C., Fernande, Alize J., Ferrari, Florian, Fischer, Joseph R. A., Fitchett, Christina, Fitzmaurice, Nataliya, Foigt, Kyle, Foreman, F. Gerry R., Fowke, Elisabeth Barboza, Franca, Richard C., Franklin, Maya, Fraser, Joseph, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Thomas, Fürst, Belinda, Gabbe, Alberto L., Garcia Basteiro, Teshome, Gebre, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebrehiwot, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Alemseged Aregay, Gebru, Bradford D., Gessner, Richard F., Gillum, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Ginawi, Ababi Zergaw, Giref, Maurice, Giroud, Melkamu Dedefo, Gishu, William, Godwin, Philimon, Gona, Amador, Goodridge, Sameer Vali, Gopalani, Carolyn C., Gotay, Atsushi, Goto, Hebe N., Gouda, Nicholas, Graetz, Karen Fern, Greenwell, Max, Griswold, Yuming, Guo, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gupta, Reyna A., Gutiérrez, Bishal, Gyawali, Juanita A., Haagsma, Annie, Haakenstad, Nima Hafezi, Nejad, Demewoz, Haile, Gessessew Bugssa, Hailu, Yara A., Halasa, Randah Ribhi, Hamadeh, Samer, Hamidi, Mouhanad, Hammami, Graeme J., Hankey, Hilda L., Harb, Josep Maria, Haro, Mohammad Sadegh, Hassanvand, Rasmus, Havmoeller, Ileana Beatriz Heredia, Pi, Hans W., Hoek, Masako, Horino, Nobuyuki, Horita, H., Dean Hosgood, Damian G., Hoy, Aung Soe, Htet, Guoqing, Hu, Hsiang, Huang, Kim Moesgaard, Iburg, Bulat T., Idrisov, Manami, Inoue, Farhad, Islami, Troy A., Jacob, Kathryn H., Jacobsen, Nader, Jahanmehr, Mihajlo B., Jakovljevic, Peter, Jame, Henrica A. F. M., Jansen, Mehdi, Javanbakht, Achala Upendra, Jayatilleke, Sun Ha, Jee, Panniyammakal, Jeemon, Vivekanand, Jha, Ying, Jiang, Tariku, Jibat, Ye, Jin, Jost B., Jona, Zubair, Kabir, Yogeshwar, Kalkonde, Ritul, Kamal, Haidong, Kan, Amit, Kandel, André, Karch, Corine Kakizi, Karema, Chante, Karimkhani, Palitha, Karunapema, Amir, Kasaeian, Nicholas J., Kassebaum, Anil, Kaul, Norito, Kawakami, Jeanne Françoise, Kayibanda, Peter Njenga, Keiyoro, Laura, Kemmer, Andrew Haddon, Kemp, Andre Pascal, Kengne, Andre, Keren, Chandrasekharan Nair, Kesavachandran, Yousef Saleh, Khader, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Young Ho, Khang, Tawfi k., Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Jagdish, Khubchandani, Christian, Kieling, Cho il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Ruth W., Kimokoti, Niranjan, Kissoon, Miia, Kivipelto, Luke D., Knibb, Yoshihiro, Kokubo, Dhaval, Kolte, Soewarta, Kosen, Georgios A., Kotsaki, Parvaiz A., Koul, Ai, Koyanagi, Michael, Kravchenko, Hans, Krueger, Barthelemy Kuate, Defo, Ricardo S., Kuchenbecker, Ernst J., Kuiper, Xie Rachel, Kulikoff, Veena S., Kulkarni, G., Anil Kumar, Gene F., Kwan, Hmwe H., Kyu, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lal, Ratilal, Lalloo, Hilton, Lam, Qing, Lan, Sinead M., Langan, Anders, Larsson, Dennis Odai, Laryea, Asma Abdul, Latif, Janet L., Leasher, James, Leigh, Mall, Leinsalu, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Leung, Miriam, Levi, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Li, Margaret, Lind, Shai, Linn, Steven E., Lipshultz, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Liu, Belinda K., Lloyd, Loon Tzian, Lo, Giancarlo, Logroscino, Paulo A., Lotufo, Robyn M., Luca, Raimundas, Luneviciu, Mohammed Magdy Abd El, Razek, Carlos Magis, Rodriguez, Mahdi, Mahdavi, Marek, Majdan, Azeem, Majeed, Reza, Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho, Malta, Chabila C., Mapoma, David Joel, Margoli, Randall V., Martin, Jose Martinez, Raga, Felix, Masiye, Amanda J., Mason Jone, João, Massano, Richard, Matzopoulo, Bongani M., Mayosi, John J., Mcgrath, Martin, Mckee, Peter A., Meaney, Alem, Mehari, Alemayehu B., Mekonnen, Yohannes Adama, Melaku, Peter, Memiah, Ziad A., Memish, Walter, Mendoza, Gert B. M., Mensink, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Meretoja, Yonatan Moges Mesfi, N, Francis Apolinary, Mhimbira, Renata, Micha, Ted R., Miller, Edward J., Mill, Mojde Mirarefi, N, Awoke, Misganaw, Philip B., Mitchell, Charles N., Mock, Alireza, Mohammadi, Shafi u., Mohammed, Lorenzo, Monasta, Jonathan de la Cruz, Moni, Julio Cesar Montañez, Hernandez, Marcella, Montico, Maziar Moradi, Lakeh, Lidia, Morawska, Rintaro, Mori, Ulrich O., Mueller, Michele E., Murdoch, Brighton, Murimira, Joseph, Murray, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Murthy, Kamarul Imran, Musa, Jean B., Nachega, Gabriele, Nagel, Kovin S., Naidoo, Luigi, Naldi, Vinay, Nangia, Bruce, Neal, Chakib, Nejjari, Charles R., Newton, John N., Newton, Frida Namnyak, Ngalesoni, Peter, Nguhiu, Grant, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Muhammad Imran, Nisar, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Pete, Sandra, Nolte, Marika, Nomura, Ole F., Norheim, Bo, Norrving, Carla Makhlouf, Obermeyer, Felix Akpojene, Ogbo, In Hwan, Oh, Olanrewaju, Oladimeji, Pedro R., Olivare, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Olusanya, John Nelson, Opio, Eyal, Oren, Alberto, Ortiz, Richard H., Osborne, Erika, Ota, Mayowa O., Owolabi, Mahesh, Pa, Eun Kee, Park, Hye Youn, Park, Charles D., Parry, Mahboubeh, Parsaeian, Tejas, Patel, Vikram, Patel, Angel J., Paternina Caicedo, Snehal T., Patil, Scott B., Patten, George C., Patton, Deepak, Paudel, João Mário, Pedro, David M., Pereira, Norberto, Perico, Konrad, Pesudov, Max, Petzold, Michael Robert, Phillip, Frédéric B., Piel, Julian David, Pillay, Christine, Pinho, Farhad, Pishgar, Suzanne, Polinder, Richie G., Poulton, Farshad, Pourmalek, Mostafa, Qorbani, Rynaz H. S., Rabiee, Amir, Radfar, Vafa Rahimi, Movaghar, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rahman, Rajesh Kumar, Rai, Sasa, Rajsic, Murugesan, Raju, Usha, Ram, Saleem M., Rana, Chhabi Lal, Ranabhat, Kavitha, Ranganathan, Puja C., Rao, Amany H., Refaat, Marissa B., Reitsma, Giuseppe, Remuzzi, Serge, Resnikoff, Antonio L., Ribeiro, Maria Jesus Rios, Blanca, Hirbo Shore, Roba, Bayard, Robert, Alina, Rodriguez, David Rojas, Rueda, Luca, Ronfani, Gholamreza, Roshandel, Gregory A., Roth, Dietrich, Rothenbacher, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Roy, Ben Benasco, Sackey, Rajesh, Sagar, Muhammad Muhammad, Saleh, Juan R., Sanabria, Damian F., Santomauro, Itamar S., Santo, Rodrigo Sarmiento, Suarez, Benn, Sartoriu, Maheswar, Satpathy, Miloje, Savic, Monika, Sawhney, Susan M., Sawyer, Josef, Schmidhuber, Maria Inês, Schmidt, Ione J. C., Schneider, Aletta E., Schutte, David C., Schwebel, Soraya, Seedat, Sadaf G., Sepanlou, Edson E., Servan Mori, Katya, Shackelford, Amira, Shaheen, Masood Ali, Shaikh, Teresa Shamah, Levy, Rajesh, Sharma, Jun, She, Sara, Sheikhbahaei, Jiabin, Shen, Kevin N., Sheth, Muki, Shey, Peilin, Shi, Kenji, Shibuya, Mika, Shigematsu, Min Jeong, Shin, Rahman, Shiri, Kawkab, Shishani, Ivy, Shiue, Inga Dora, Sigfusdottir, Naris, Silpakit, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Jonathan I., Silverberg, Edgar P., Simard, Shireen, Sindi, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Vegard, Skirbekk, Amber, Sligar, Samir, Soneji, Kjetil, Søreide, Reed J. D., Sorensen, Joan B., Soriano, Sergey, Soshnikov, Luciano A., Sposato, Chandrashekhar T., Sreeramareddy, Hans Christian, Stahl, Jeff rey D., Stanaway, Vasiliki, Stathopoulou, Nadine, Steckling, Nicholas, Steel, Dan J., Stein, Caitlyn, Steiner, Heidi, Stöckl, Saverio, Strange, Mark, Strong, Jiandong, Sun, Bruno F., Sunguya, Patrick, Sur, Soumya, Swaminathan, Bryan L., Syke, Cassandra E. I., Szoeke, Rafael Tabarés, Seisdedo, Karen M., Tabb, Roberto Tchio, Talongwa, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarawneh, Mohammad, Tavakkoli, Bineyam, Taye, Hugh R., Taylor, Bemnet Amare, Tedla, Worku, Tefera, Teketo Kassaw, Tegegne, Dejen Yemane, Tekle, Girma Temam, Shifa, Abdullah Sulieman, Terkawi, Gizachew Assefa, Tessema, J. S., Thakur, Alan J., Thomson, Andrew L., Thorne Lyman, Amanda G., Thrift, George D., Thurston, Taavi, Tillmann, Ruoyan Tobe, Gai, Marcello, Tonelli, Roman Topor, Madry, Fotis, Topouzi, Bach Xuan, Tran, Zacharie Tsala, Dimbuene, Abera Kenay, Tura, Emin Murat, Tuzcu, Stefanos, Tyrovola, Kingsley Nnanna, Ukwaja, Eduardo A., Undurraga, Chigozie Jesse, Uneke, Olalekan A., Uthman, Aaron van, Donkelaar, Yuri Y., Varakin, Tommi, Vasankari, Ana Maria Nogales, Vasconcelo, J., Lennert Veerman, Narayanaswamy, Venketasubramanian, Raj Kumar, Verma, Francesco S., Violante, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vlassov, Patricia, Volkow, Stein Emil, Vollset, Gregory R., Wagner, Mitchell T., Wallin, Linhong, Wang, Valentine, Wanga, David A., Watkin, Scott, Weichenthal, Elisabete, Weiderpa, Robert G., Weintraub, Daniel J., Wei, Andrea, Werdecker, Ronny, Westerman, Harvey A., Whiteford, James D., Wilkinson, Charles Shey, Wiysonge, Charles D. A., Wolfe, Ingrid, Wolfe, Sungho, Won, Anthony D., Woolf, Shimelash Bitew, Workie, Mamo, Wubshet, Gelin, Xu, Ajit Kumar, Yadav, Bereket, Yakob, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yalew, Lijing L., Yan, Yuichiro, Yano, Mehdi, Yaseri, Pengpeng, Ye, Paul, Yip, Naohiro, Yonemoto, Seok Jun, Yoon, Mustafa Z., Youni, Chuanhua, Yu, Zoubida, Zaidi, Maysaa El Sayed, Zaki, Carlos Zambrana, Torrelio, Tomas, Zapata, Elias Asfaw, Zegeye, Yi, Zhao, Maigeng, Zhou, Sanjay, Zodpey, David, Zonie, Christopher J. L., Murray, Lim, Stephen S, Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Hay, Simon I, Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kutz, Michael J, Larson, Heidi J, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D, Lozano, Rafael, Mcnellan, Claire R, Mokdad, Ali H, Mooney, Meghan D, Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E, Pigott, David M, Salomon, Joshua A, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, Albuhairan, Fadia S, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'A, Alkhateeb, Mohammad AB, Alla, Françoi, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H, Anderson, Benjamin O, Anderson, Gregory M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H, Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A, Bikbov, Bori, Binagwaho, Agne, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert R A, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Broday, David M, Brugha, Traolach S, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A, Cahill, Leah E, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Hélène, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesu, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecílio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Coates, Matthew M, Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Cyru, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C, Crump, John A, Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Neves, José da, Davis, Adrian C, Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Deveber, Gabrielle A, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhillon, Preet K, Ding, Eric L, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Felicio, Manuela Mendonca, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrari, Alize J, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R A, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C, Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Fürst, Thoma, Gabbe, Belinda, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gessner, Bradford D, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Godwin, William, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Graetz, Nichola, Greenwell, Karen Fern, Griswold, Max, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haakenstad, Annie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica A F M, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Françoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Han, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M, Larsson, Ander, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, Jame, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimunda, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlo, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Massano, João, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B M, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mesfin, Yonatan Moge, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, de la Cruz Monis, Jonathan, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murdoch, Michele E, Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Sriniva, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R, Newton, John N, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Pa, Mahesh, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Teja, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patil, Snehal T, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, João Mário, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H S, Radfar, Amir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja C, Refaat, Amany H, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Blancas, Maria Jesus Rio, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Roberts, Bayard, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R, Santomauro, Damian F, Santos, Itamar S, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schneider, Ione J C, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N, Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Nari, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silverberg, Jonathan I, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stahl, Hans-Christian, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nichola, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stöckl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Sun, Jiandong, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J.S., Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefano, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Veerman, J Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Volkow, Patricia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Linhong, Wanga, Valentine, Watkins, David A, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlo, Zapata, Toma, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, and Murray, Christopher J L
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Conservation of Natural Resources ,spline regressions ,Health Status ,Global Health ,Goal ,Health Statu ,Cost of Illness ,Risk Factors ,Universal Health Insurance ,Quality-Adjusted Life Year ,health-related SDG performance indicators ,socio-demographic index ,Health Status Indicators ,Humans ,Conservation of Natural Resource ,Disabled Persons ,Health Status Indicator ,Medicine(all) ,Insurance, Health ,Risk Factor ,Medicine (all) ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Articles ,Cost of Illne ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Disabled Person ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,Universal Coverage ,Goals ,Human - Abstract
Summary Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59·3 (95% uncertainty interval 56·8–61·8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85·5 (84·2–86·5) in Iceland to 20·4 (15·4–24·9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r2=0·88) and the MDG index (r2=0·92), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r2=0·79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7·9 (IQR 5·0–10·4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10·0 [6·7–13·1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5·5 [2·1–8·9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the indicator for universal health coverage tracer interventions. Moderate improvements were found for indicators such as HIV and tuberculosis incidence, minimal changes for hepatitis B incidence took place, and childhood overweight considerably worsened. Interpretation GBD provides an independent, comparable avenue for monitoring progress towards the health-related SDGs. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of income, education, and fertility as drivers of health improvement but also emphasises that investments in these areas alone will not be sufficient. Although considerable progress on the health-related MDG indicators has been made, these gains will need to be sustained and, in many cases, accelerated to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The minimal improvement in or worsening of health-related indicators beyond the MDGs highlight the need for additional resources to effectively address the expanded scope of the health-related SDGs. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
- Published
- 2016
45. PubMed search strings for the study of agricultural workers' diseases
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Valentina Di Gregori, Andrea Farioli, Stefania Curti, Francesca Zanardi, Stefano Mattioli, Alberto Baldasseroni, Claudio Colosio, Davide Gori, Lara Ricotta, Stefania Galletti, Francesco Saverio Violante, Stefano Mattioli, Davide Gori, Valentina Di Gregori, Lara Ricotta, Alberto Baldasseroni, Andrea Farioli, Francesca Zanardi, Stefania Galletti, Claudio Colosio, Stefania Curti, and Francesco S. Violante
- Subjects
PubMed ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,AGRICULTURE ,business.industry ,Agrochemical ,Rural health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Alternative medicine ,Socio-culturale ,Context (language use) ,Bibliometrics ,Work related ,Agricultural Workers' Diseases ,Search Engine ,Occupational medicine ,Medical Subject Headings ,Economica ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,Family medicine ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,business - Abstract
Background Several optimized search strategies have been developed in Medicine, and more recently in Occupational Medicine. The aim of this study was to identify efficient PubMed search strategies to retrieve articles regarding putative occupational determinants of agricultural workers' diseases. Methods We selected the Medical Subjects Heading (MeSH) term agricultural workers' diseases and six MeSH terms describing farm work (agriculture, agrochemicals NOT pesticides, animal husbandry, pesticides, rural health, rural population) alongside 61 other promising terms. We estimated proportions of articles containing potentially pertinent information regarding occupational etiology to formulate two search strategies (one “more specific,” one “more sensitive”). We applied these strategies to retrieve information on the possible occupational etiology among agricultural workers of kidney cancer, knee osteoarthritis, and multiple sclerosis. We evaluated the number of needed to read (NNR) abstracts to identify one potentially pertinent article in the context of these pathologies. Results The “more specific” search string was based on the combination of terms that yielded the highest proportion (40%) of potentially pertinent abstracts. The “more sensitive” string was based on use of broader search fields and additional coverage provided by other search terms under study. Using the “more specific” string, the NNR to find one potentially pertinent article were: 1.1 for kidney cancer; 1.4 for knee osteoarthritis; 1.2 for multiple sclerosis. Using the sensitive strategy, the NNR were 1.4, 3.6, and 6.3, respectively. Conclusion The proposed strings could help health care professionals explore putative occupational etiology for agricultural workers' diseases (even if not generally thought to be work related). Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1473–1481, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Published
- 2013
46. Recommandations cliniques pour la prise en charge des lombalgies chroniques communes en médecine de premier recours
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Raffaele Mugnai, Francesco Capra, Francesco Saverio Violante, Ivan Gardenghi, Andrew A. Guccione, Francesca Bonetti, Paolo Pillastrini, Paolo Pillastrini, Ivan Gardenghi, Francesca Bonetti, Francesco Capra, Andrew Guccione, Raffaele Mugnai, and Francesco S. Violante
- Subjects
DIAGNOSTIC ,Rheumatology ,TRAITEMENT ,RECOMMANDATIONS CLINIQUES ,ÉVALUATION DE LA QUALITÉ ,LOMBALGIES CHRONIQUES - Abstract
Resume Objectif Au cours de la derniere decennie, de nombreux pays a travers le monde ont emis des recommandations pour aider les cliniciens dans leur pratique clinique concernant une prise en charge qui soit basee sur des preuves. Le but de cette etude a ete de presenter et de comparer les systemes de recommandations internationales de qualite et les mieux etablis sur des preuves concernant la prise en charge des lombalgies chroniques communes dans le cadre de medecine de premier recours. Methodes Les systemes de recommandations publies ou mis a jour depuis 2002 ont ete selectionnes en recherchant sur les bases de donnees PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, sur les bases de donnees des recommandations et sur le web. La qualite de la methodologie des systemes de recommandations a ete evaluee independamment par trois auteurs, a l’aide de l’outil Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE). Nous avons synthetise les recommandations dans les domaines du diagnostic et du traitement, recommandations s’appuyant sur des preuves fortes, moyennes ou faibles. Resultats Nous avons inclus 13 systemes de recommandations. De maniere generale, leur qualite etait satisfaisante. Les scores les plus eleves concernaient les domaines de la clarte et de la presentation, ainsi que dans celui du sujet et de son etendue ; les plus bas concernaient leur applicabilite. Il existe un fort consensus entre les recommandations, tout particulierement concernant l’arbre diagnostique decisionnel et l’evaluation des facteurs pronostiques. Les recommandations therapeutiques consensuelles concernaient l’information au malade, les traitements physiques, la prise en charge multidisciplinaire et l’association des traitements a visee physique et psychologique. Conclusion En comparaison aux evaluations precedentes, la qualite moyenne des systemes de recommandations ayant pour objet les lombalgies chroniques s’est amelioree. De plus, les recommandations sont de plus en plus concordantes concernant le traitement des lombalgies chroniques, recommandations clairement distinctes de celles emises pour les lombalgies aigues. Neanmoins, il reste necessaire d’ameliorer encore la qualite et d’obtenir de nouvelles preuves dans cette pathologie.
- Published
- 2011
47. Incidence rates of surgically treated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment among manual workers, non-manual workers and housewives in Tuscany, Italy
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Robin M. T. Cooke, Michela Fresina, David Coggon, Francesco Semeraro, Alberto Baldasseroni, Francesco Saverio Violante, Andrea Farioli, Stefania Curti, Francesca Zanardi, Emilio C. Campos, Stefano Mattioli, Stefania Curti, David Coggon, Alberto Baldasseroni, Robin M. T. Cooke, Michela Fresina, Emilio C. Campo, Francesco Semeraro, Francesca Zanardi, Andrea Farioli, Francesco S. Violante, and Stefano Mattioli
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Manual handling ,Lifting ,Patient discharge ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Socio-culturale ,Economica ,Age Distribution ,Manual work ,Retinal surgery ,Risk Factors ,MANUAL WORK ,medicine ,Humans ,Occupations ,Sex Distribution ,Occupational Health ,Incidence study ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Retinal detachment ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Surgery ,ETIOLOGY ,Household Work ,Italy ,Emergency medicine ,Original Article ,Female ,RETINAL DETACHMENT ,business - Abstract
PURPOSE: Candidate risk factors for idiopathic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) include heavy manual handling (requiring Valsalva's maneuver). We assessed incidence rates of surgically treated idiopathic RRD among manual workers, non-manual workers and housewives resident in Tuscany, Italy. METHODS: We retrieved all hospital discharge records bearing a principal diagnosis corresponding to RRD coupled with retinal surgery for any resident of Tuscany during 1997-2009. After elimination of repeated admissions and patients with coexistent, associated conditions (including recent trauma), subjects aged 25-59 years were classified as manual workers, non-manual workers or housewives. Population data were extracted from the 2001 census. RESULTS: We identified 1,946 eligible cases (1,142 men). Among men, manual workers experienced a 1.8-fold higher age-standardized rate per 100,000 person-years than non-manual workers [17.4 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 16.1-18.7) vs. 9.8 (95 % CI 8.8-10.8)]. Age-standardized rates among women were 1.9-fold higher for manual workers [11.1 (95 % CI 9.8-12.3)] and 1.7-fold higher for housewives [9.5 (95 % CI 8.3-10.8)] than in non-manual workers [5.7 (95 % CI 4.8-6.6)]. CONCLUSIONS: This large population-based study suggests that manual workers are affected by idiopathic RRD requiring surgical treatment more often than non-manual workers. The higher rates of surgically treated RRD experienced by manual workers are in accord with the hypothesis that heavy manual handling may have a causal role.
- Published
- 2014
48. Effectiveness of a ‘Global Postural Reeducation’ program for persistent Low Back Pain: a non-randomised controlled trial
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Stefania Curti, Francesco Saverio Violante, Stefano Mattioli, Raffaele Mugnai, Paolo Pillastrini, Francesca Bonetti, Carla Vanti, Francesca Bonetti, Stefania Curti, Stefano Mattioli, Raffaele Mugnai, Carla Vanti, Francesco S Violante, Paolo Pillastrini, Bonetti F, Curti S, Mattioli S, Mugnai R, Vanti C, Violante FS, and Pillastrini P.
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,REHABILITATION ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,Disability Evaluation ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Humans ,Logistic Models ,Low Back Pain ,Middle Aged ,Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ,Pain Measurement ,Treatment Outcome ,Exercise Therapy ,Patient Education as Topic ,Posture ,Rheumatology ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Sports medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Socio-culturale ,LOW BACK PAIN ,GLOBAL POSTURAL REEDUCATION ,GLOBAL POSTURALE REEDUCATION ,law.invention ,RIABILITAZIONE ORTOPEDICA ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Economica ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Medicine ,Rehabilitation ,FISIOTERAPIA ,business.industry ,Follow up studies ,Exercise therapy ,Low back pain ,Oswestry Disability Index ,Physical therapy ,PHYSICAL THERAPY ,lcsh:RC925-935 ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Physical therapist ,Research Article - Abstract
Background The aim of this non-randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Global Postural Reeducation (GPR) program as compared to a Stabilization Exercise (SE) program in subjects with persistent low back pain (LBP) at short- and mid-term follow-up (ie. 3 and 6 months). Methods According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 100 patients with a primary complaint of persistent LBP were enrolled in the study: 50 were allocated to the GPR group and 50 to the SE group. Primary outcome measures were Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Secondary outcome measures were lumbar Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Fingertip-to-floor test (FFT). Data were collected at baseline and at 3/6 months by health care professionals unaware of the study. An intention to treat approach was used to analyze participants according to the group to which they were originally assigned. Results Of the 100 patients initially included in the study, 78 patients completed the study: 42 in the GPR group and 36 in the SE group. At baseline, the two groups did not differ significantly with respect to gender, age, BMI and outcome measures. Comparing the differences between groups at short- and mid-term follow-up, the GPR group revealed a significant reduction (from baseline) in all outcome measures with respect to the SE group. The ordered logistic regression model showed an increased likelihood of definitive improvement (reduction from baseline of at least 30% in RMDQ and VAS scores) for the GPR group compared to the SE group (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.7 to 5.7). Conclusions Our findings suggest that a GPR intervention in subjects with persistent LBP induces a greater improvement on pain and disability as compared to a SE program. These results must be confirmed by further studies with higher methodological standards, including randomization, larger sample size, longer follow-up and subgrouping of the LBP subjects. Trial registration NCT00789204
- Published
- 2010
49. Grand rounds: could occupational exposure to n-hexane and other solvents precipitate visual failure in leber hereditary optic neuropathy?
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Flavia Franceschini, Silvia Venturi, Maria Lucia Valentino, Ettore Pirro, Piero Barboni, Giacomo Savini, Valerio Carelli, Chiara La Morgia, Francesco Saverio Violante, Stefano Mattioli, Giuseppe Barbieri, Francesca Zanardi, and Valerio Carelli, Flavia Franceschini, Silvia Venturi, Piero Barboni, Giacomo Savini, Giuseppe Barbieri, Ettore Pirro, Chiara La Morgia, Maria L. Valentino, Francesca Zanardi, Francesco S. Violante, Stefano Mattioli
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY ,Mitochondrial DNA ,genetic structures ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Socio-culturale ,Vision, Low ,Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber ,mitochondrial DNA ,medicine.disease_cause ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,n-hexane ,Optic neuropathy ,Environmental Medicine ,Economica ,Adhesives ,medicine ,Hexanes ,Humans ,Genetics ,Mutation ,business.industry ,OPTIC ATROPHY ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Ambientale ,neurotoxin ,occupational exposure ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,solvents ,Immunology ,Central vision ,environmental trigger ,Occupational exposure ,business ,Leber hereditary optic neuropathy - Abstract
CONTEXT: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited loss of central vision related to pathogenic mutations in the mitochondrial genome, which are a necessary but not sufficient condition to develop the disease. Investigation of precipitating environmental/occupational (and additional genetic) factors could be relevant for prevention. CASE PRESENTATION: After a 6-month period of occupational exposure to n-hexane and other organic solvents, a 27-year-old man (a moderate smoker) developed an optic neuropathy. The patient had a full ophthalmologic and neurologic investigation, including standardized cycloergometer test for serum lactic acid levels and a skeletal muscle biopsy. His exposure history was also detailed, and he underwent genetic testing for LHON mitochondrial DNA mutations. The patient suffered a sequential optic neuropathy with the hallmarks of LHON and tested positive for the homoplasmic 11778G--> A/ND4 mutation. Routine laboratory monitoring revealed increased concentrations of urinary 2.5 hexandione (n-hexane metabolite) and hippuric acid (toluene metabolite) in the period immediately preceding the visual loss. DISCUSSION: In a subject carrying an LHON mutation, the strict temporal sequence of prolonged appreciable occupational exposure followed by sudden onset of visual loss must raise a suspicion of causality (with a possible further interaction with tobacco smoke). RELEVANCE: In this article, we add to the candidate occupational/environmental triggers of LHON and highlight the need for appropriate case-control (and laboratory) studies to validate the causal effect of mixed toxic exposures.
- Published
- 2007
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