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Cervical cancer is a significant global health issue, and understanding the characteristics associated with this disease can contribute to its early detection and prevention. In this study, we conducted a data mining analysis on a dataset obtained from 'Hospital Universitario de Caracas', consisting of demographic information, habits, and medical records of 858 patients. Using machine learning techniques, we identified social characteristics of the dataset related to cervical screening, including age, number of sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. While the dataset content may not be directly correlated with cervical cancer in social factors dimensions, we can gain insights into the impact on common sexually transmitted diseases.

Our paper explores the effects of negative ions on health and mood. Negative ions are tiny particles in the air that can be generated through chemical reactions or physical processes. Many studies have demonstrated the positive effects of negative ions on human health and mood, including improved sleep quality, reduced stress, enhanced attention and athletic performance, among others. However, some studies have also reported the potential negative effects of negative ions on mood. Based on a comprehensive review of literature and research, we propose future research directions and relevant policy suggestions.

Music therapy has gained recognition as a promising intervention for treating mental health disorders in the field of psychiatry. This review aims to provide a overview of effectiveness of music therapy in addressing various mental health conditions. The review examines relevant studies that investigate the impact of music therapy on symptom management, emotional well-being, cognitive function, and social functioning in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Established quality assessment tools were utilized to evaluate the methodological rigor and risk of bias in the included studies. The findings suggest that music therapy holds potential as a therapeutic approach for improving mental health outcomes. However, further research is needed to explore optimal music therapy techniques, dosage, and long-term effects. This review contributes to the existing evidence base and provides insights for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in the field of mental health.

Terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycle processes remove ~55 % of global carbon emissions, with the remaining 45 %, known as the "airborne fraction", accumulating in the atmosphere. The long-term dynamics of the component fluxes contributing to the airborne fraction are challenging to interpret, but important for informing fossil-fuel emission targets and for monitoring the trends of biospheric carbon fluxes. Climate and land-cover forcing data for terrestrial ecosystem models are a largely unexplored source of uncertainty in terms of their contribution to understanding airborne fraction dynamics. Here we present results using a single dynamic global vegetation model forced by an ensemble experiment of climate (CRU, ERA-Interim, NCEP-DOE II), and diagnostic land-cover datasets (GLC2000, GlobCover, MODIS). For the averaging period 1996–2005, forcing uncertainties resulted in a large range of simulated global carbon fluxes, up to 13 % for net primary production (52.4 to 60.2 Pg C a−1) and 19 % for soil respiration (44.2 to 54.8 Pg C a−1). The sensitivity of contemporary global terrestrial carbon fluxes to climate strongly depends on forcing data (1.2–5.9 Pg C K−1 or 0.5 to 2.7 ppmv CO2 K−1), but weakening carbon sinks in sub-tropical regions and strengthening carbon sinks in northern latitudes are found to be robust. The climate and land-cover combination that best correlate to the inferred carbon sink, and with the lowest residuals, is from observational data (CRU) rather than reanalysis climate data and with land-cover categories that have more stringent criteria for forest cover (MODIS). Since 1998, an increasing positive trend in residual error from bottom-up accounting of global sinks and sources (from 0.03 (1989–2005) to 0.23 Pg C a−1 (1998–2005)) suggests that either modeled drought sensitivity of carbon fluxes is too high, or that carbon emissions from net land-cover change is too large.

Oecologia, 173 (4), ISSN:0029-8549, ISSN:1432-1939

Climate reconstructions based on stable isotopes in tree rings rely on the assumption that fractionation controlling processes are strongly linked to meteorological variables. In this context we investigated the climate sensitivity of 350 years of carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of tree ring cellulose from European larch obtained at a high elevation site in the Swiss Alps (similar to 2100 m above sea level). Unlike tree ring width and maximum latewood density which contain only summer temperature information at this site we found that our stable isotope series reveal additionally to temperature a striking sensitivity to precipitation (mainly for carbon) and sunshine duration (mainly for oxygen) during July and August. A drought index reflecting the combined temperature and precipitation influence provided the most stable correlations over time for the carbon isotope series. All of these climate isotope relationships are preserved in the isotope series obtained from younger trees at the same site while strong intertree correlations further emphasize the high climate sensitivity. We thus present the first carbon isotope based summer drought reconstruction for the Swiss Alps which provides new evidence for interannual to long term changes in summer regional moisture variability from 1650 to 2004 in Europe revealing extreme drought summers in the second half of the 18th century and throughout the 20th century.

Considering the combined effects of CO2 fertilization and climate change drivers on plant physiology leads to a modest increase in simulated European forest transpiration in spite of the effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. The Earth’s carbon and hydrologic cycles are intimately coupled by gas exchange through plant stomata1,2,3. However, uncertainties in the magnitude4,5,6 and consequences7,8 of the physiological responses9,10 of plants to elevated CO2 in natural environments hinders modelling of terrestrial water cycling and carbon storage11. Here we use annually resolved long-term δ13C tree-ring measurements across a European forest network to reconstruct the physiologically driven response of intercellular CO2 (Ci) caused by atmospheric CO2 (Ca) trends. When removing meteorological signals from the δ13C measurements, we find that trees across Europe regulated gas exchange so that for one ppmv atmospheric CO2 increase, Ci increased by ∼0.76 ppmv, most consistent with moderate control towards a constant Ci/Ca ratio. This response corresponds to twentieth-century intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) increases of 14 ± 10 and 22 ± 6% at broadleaf and coniferous sites, respectively. An ensemble of process-based global vegetation models shows similar CO2 effects on iWUE trends. Yet, when operating these models with climate drivers reintroduced, despite decreased stomatal opening, 5% increases in European forest transpiration are calculated over the twentieth century. This counterintuitive result arises from lengthened growing seasons, enhanced evaporative demand in a warming climate, and increased leaf area, which together oppose effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. Our study questions changes to the hydrological cycle, such as reductions in transpiration and air humidity, hypothesized to result from plant responses to anthropogenic emissions.