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The authors are interested in understanding how a magnetic field and cross-diffusion influence non-Newtonian Maxwell nanoliquid boundary layer flow towards the non-linearly stretched sheet when there are also thermophoresis as well as Brownian movement effects present in the reference frame. Specifically, the purpose of this research is to learn more about the Maxwell nanofluid properties of a stretched sheet in a normal magnetic field, in addition to the effects of three distinct slip situations (velocity, thermal and solutal). The partially differential equations with non-linear coefficients are used to obtain the leading equations. These equations were distorted into advantageous non-linear ordinary differential equations by using the appropriate transformation variables and transformation coefficients. To investigate the computational resolutions of the reduced set of non-linear ordinary differential equations, it was developed and used the Keller box method, which was developed for numerical solutions. The simulation considers the nanofluid velocity, temperature, concentration, skin frictions coefficient, the rate of temperature transport, as well as the rate of mass transport, among other variables. The validity of this method is shown via the comparisons of the current results by the previous findings in the literature.

In rotating machinery, the color of lubricant oil changes due to oxidation, degradation, and contamination. It is a crucial parameter to cognize the healthiness of the lubricant oil. This paper presents the design and development of a low-cost, high-precision quasi-digital sensor with an opto-resistive technique to detect the color of the lubricant oil with a microcontroller (PIC18F4550)-based instrument. The developed instrument reads the sensor output, displays the condition of the lubricant oil on LCD, announces the alarm to alert the operator, and communicates the healthiness of the lubricant oil to the computer. As per the ASTM D1500 standard, the color scale of the lubricant oil varies from 0.5 to 8.0. In the studies conducted at the laboratory, this color scale corresponds to the sensor output frequency in the range of 76.87–61.63 kHz. The sensitivity of the color sensor is 1905 Hz/color code. Apart from this, an additional sensor is provided to measure the turbidity of the lubricant oil, which helps in compensating the error in color scale due to turbidity. In addition to revealing of lube oil color, it can also detect the size of the particles in the lubricant oil. To perform these tasks, an algorithm and an application software have been developed and loaded into the flash memory of the microcontroller.

Genetic resources for food and agriculture are the biological basis for world food and nutrition security that can improve the livelihoods. India is one of the mega biodiversity centres, endowed with wide floristic, microbial, animal, marine and freshwater/estuarine diversity. About 40 mammalian species have been domesticated for food but the major contribution in livestock production is from 14 species. It has been estimated that some 1500 breeds of the domestic animal species in the world are now at high risk of extinction. About 30% of plant species are endemic to India. Global climatic conditions are changing due to indiscriminate anthropogenic activities, leading to loss of biodiversity, ecosystem and natural environment. The genetic erosion of wild and semi-wild relatives of the domesticated crops and animals is alarming due to threats to ecosystems/breeding habitats. Further, they are vulnerable to changing climatic conditions. This germplasm provides raw materials for breeding improvement in terms of higher yields, which in turn enhances food production and nutritional security. Therefore, all the available genetic resources should be conserved for the present and future generations for sustainable development in the years to come.

Interior Intrusion Detection System (IIDS) is used to monitor the interior areas of radiological laboratories. Passive infra red sensor is used to monitor the intrusion of people. 16 Passive infra red sensors are connected to one controller. Two controllers are connected to server by LAN. IIDS monitors movement of people in interior areas, raises audible and visual alarm. This paper discusses the System Requirements, System Architecture, Hardware Design and Software aspects of Interior Intrusion Detection System.

The lack of cost-effective diagnostic devices like spirometer is becoming a prevalent challenge to the diagnosis and effective management of life-threatening respiratory diseases. This paper presents the design, development, and implementation of differential pressure sensing quasi digital sensor and instrument for spirometer application. A system which fulfills the medical standard specifications has been designed and developed by exploiting the venturi tube (Bernoulli’s principle) and quasi digital sensor principles. A low power microcontroller (PIC24F) based embedded system, venturi tube based quasi digital sensor, data acquisition software, and user interface were developed. A lab made prototype device has been constructed, tested, and subsequently analyzed the recorded data from the computer. This cost effective ($150) spirometer model can be used for detection of pulmonary diseases rural area and it is going to add a new dimension to the diagnosis of many lung diseases.

Nowadays, Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) cum Biometric based Access Control System (ACS) is gaining popularity for authenticating the employees of any organization, which ensures that only the employees granted permission to get into the organizational complex. However, visitors from various organization need to be granted entry into the complex, without which organization does not function effectively as all the organization invariably depend on other organization/ companies/firms for their growth. Contrary to this, most of the terrorist attacks are accessed, planned and implemented through visitors. Thus it becomes highly essential to implement highly effective method/system to ensure the genuineness of visitors to any organization. One such system, namely Visitor Gate Pass Management System[VGPMS] is illustrated with its features.

In large rotating machinery, lubricating oils are employed to reduce the wear, minimize the friction between gears and bearings, remove heat, takeaway wear particles and to protect against corrosion. Lubricant oil slowly degrades over a period of time due to oxidation and contamination. Consequently looses its defensive properties and effects the machinery performance. This may leads to catastrophic failure, unplanned shutdown and capital loss. Replacing the in-service oil with fresh oil before degradation can prevent the above consequences but changing the lubricant too early is uneconomical. Therefore, it is better to predict the remaining effective life of the oil under operating conditions. Monitoring the healthiness, predicting the remaining useful life of the lubricant oil and warning the operator with an alarm can prevent catastrophic failure. It is observed that the oil color becomes darker with contamination, oxidation, and aging. Thus, the color of the lubricant is considered as an essential parameter for describing the quality of the oil. This paper describes the design and development of a lowcost, low power instrument and Opto-resistive quasi-digital sensor. It explains the capability of the instrument about in-situ monitoring of quality, predicting the effective life of lubricant by measuring the transmittance of the light through lubricant oil and alerting the operator by annunciation cum display.

A (Radio Frequency IDentification) RFID cum Biometric based two level Access Control System (ACS) was designed and developed for providing access to vital areas of nuclear facilities. The system has got both hardware [Access controller] and software components [server application, the database and the web client software]. The database design proposed, enables grouping of the employees based on the hierarchy of the organization and the grouping of the doors based on Access Zones (AZ). This design also illustrates the mapping between the Employee Groups (EG) and AZ. By following this approach in database design, a higher level view can be presented to the system administrator abstracting the inner details of the individual entities and doors. This paper describes the novel approach carried out in designing the database of the ACS.

Hevea brasiliensis is a commercially cultivated species for its natural rubber (NR) latex in South East Asian countries. To meet the ever-increasing demand, NR cultivation has been extended to non-traditional regions due to the limited scope of further expansion in traditional rubber-growing areas in India. These areas are often confronted with various abiotic stresses, especially high and low temperatures, which cause reduction in plant growth, thereby increasing its uneconomical immaturity period. Eighteen wild Hevea accessions along with two modern clones RRII 203 and PB 235 and two check clones RRIM 600 and Haiken 1 were evaluated in the early mature growth phase. The site was at Nagrakata, West Bengal, the sub-Himalayan cold-prone region of India. In Hevea, crop production is governed by two major factors, growth-vigor and production capacity. Growth-vigor is of special importance because the production of rubber is a process linked with the early growth of the plant, which results in early tappability and early economic gains. The genotypes exhibited highly significant clonal differences (P = 0.05) for all the growth traits. Tappability percentage in the seventh year, ranged from 0.33 % (AC 3074, AC 3075, AC 3293) to 89.67 % (RO 2727). The most vigorously growing accession (RO 2727) reached tappabile girth early in the seventh year when the girth of plant ranged from 22.38 cm (AC 3293) to 53.12 cm (RO 2727). The general mean was 43.32 cm, and the similar growth trend was exhibited by these accessions in the tenth year also. Annual girth increment (cm a−1) over 3 years ranged from 1.81 cm (AC 3075) to 6.80 cm (RO 2727). The mean winter girth increment (cm a−1) over 4 years ranged from 0.13 cm (AC 3075) to 0.96 cm (RO 2727) as compared to the check clone RRIM 600 (1.11 cm) and Haiken 1 (1.10 cm). Wide differences between the phenotypic coefficient of variation (50.29) and genotypic coefficient of variation (24.82) were observed for winter girth increment. Girth in the tenth year recorded the highest heritability (87 %). Girth was significantly correlated with the other growth traits. The top 30 % of the potential accessions showing high growth vigour and early tappability under cold stress were identified. These ecotypes/selections have high potential value for the development of cold-tolerant clones for these regions and also in broadening the genetic base of the present-day cultivated rubber.

Development of a liquid molten salt level sensor device that can detect the level of liquid molten salt in the process vessels of pyrochemical reprocessing of spent metallic fuels is detailed. It is proposed to apply a resistive-type pulsating sensor-based level measurement approach. There are no commercially available sensors due to limitations of high temperature, radiation, and physical dimensions. A compact, simple, rugged, low power, and high precise pulsating sensor-based level probe and simple instrumentation for the molten salt liquid level sensor to work in the extreme conditions has been indigenously developed, with high precision and accuracy. The working principle, design concept, and results have been discussed. This level probe is mainly composed of the variable resistor made up of ceramic rods. This resistor constitutes the part of resistance-capacitance-type Logic Gate Oscillator (LGO). A change in the molten salt level inside the tank causes a small change in the resistance which in turn changes the pulse frequency of the LGO. Thus the frequency, the output of the instrument that is displayed on the LCD of an embedded system, is a function of molten salt level. In the present design, the range of level measurement is about 10 mm. The sensitivity in position measurement up to 10 mm is ∼2.5 kHz/mm.

We discussed the combined effects of radiative heat transfer and a transverse magnetic field on steady rotating flow of an electrically conducting optically thin fluid through a porous medium in a parallel plate channel and non-uniform temperatures at the walls. The analytical solutions are obtained from coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for the problem. The computational results are discussed quantitatively with the aid of the dimensionless parameters entering in the solution.

Nuclear facilities need very strict security mechanism to prevent unauthorized persons from gaining access to critical facility or approaching close enough to harm the facility. Physical Access Control System plays an important role in ensuring the entry of authorized personnel into the premises. There are so many ways by which this system can be designed and implemented, wherein the authenticity of the personnel can be verified including the photograph. Authentication process might be a multi factor with minimum of two factor authentication depending upon the critical nature of the facility. The paper presents how a novel embedded system based on BeagleBone Black evolved to authenticate the personnel by reading the credentials from the RFID based Identity card, fetching the photograph from the database and displaying on the monitor for positive identification of the photograph by the security personnel.

In rotating machinery due to continuous rotational induced wear and tear, metallic debris will be produced and mixes with the in-service lubricant oil over the course of time. This debris gives the sign of potential machine failure due to the aging of critical parts like gears and bearings. The size and type of wear debris has a direct relationship with the degree of wear in the machine and gives information about the healthiness of equipment. This article presents an inductive quasi-digital sensor to detect the metallic debris, its type; size in the lubrication oil of rotating machinery. A microcontroller based low cost, low power, high resolution and high precise instrument with alarm indication and LCD is developed to detect ferrous debris of sizes from 30 µm and non-ferrous debris of 50 µm. It is thoroughly tested and calibrated with ferrous, non-ferrous debris of different sizes in the air environment. Finally, an experiment is conducted to check the performance of the instrument by circulating lubricant oil containing ferrous, non-ferrous debris through the sensor.

Hevea brasiliensis is a commercially cultivated species for its natural rubber (NR) latex in Southeast Asian countries and its genetic base is very narrow. India has received a share of the wild Hevea germplasm from the 1981 IRRDB collection of Brazil. To meet the ever-increasing demand, NR cultivation has been extended to non-traditional regions in India. Eighteen wild Hevea accessions along with two modern clones RRII 203 and PB 235 and two check clones RRIM 600 and Haiken 1 were evaluated in RBD at Nagrakata, West Bengal, the sub-Himalayan cold-prone region of India. In Hevea, low temperature causes reduction in plant growth, thereby increasing its uneconomical immaturity period. The genotypes exhibited highly significant clonal differences (P=0.05) for all the growth traits. The highest mean noted for the plant height 19.62 m (RO 2727); bark thickness 5 mm (MT 900); girth of plant in the 14th year after planting 92.32 cm (MT 915); annual girth increment (cm/year) over seven years 5.61 cm (MT 915); winter girth increment (cm/year) over seven years 1.05 cm (MT 915). The 22 genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters, reflected the presence of considerable genetic diversity in the population. The top 30% of the potential accessions showing high growth vigour under cold stress were identified which could be used in reducing immaturity period in this crop. These ecotypes/selections have high potential value for the development of cold-tolerant clones to mitigate climate change for these regions and also in broadening the genetic base of the present-day cultivated rubber.

Corrosion of Iron in Sulphuric AcidAn Accelerated Tafel Study

Defatted Erythrina variegata flour was prepared from dehusked seed meal by hexane extraction of residual oil. The resulting flour had 403 g kg−1 of protein as compared to 282 g kg−1 in the whole seed-defatted meal. Nitrogen extractability of the defatted flour in water was not much influenced by the length of extraction period above 40 min, but an increased extraction was observed at a higher liquid to solid ratio up to a studied limit of 1:60; the optimal ratio was found to be 1:30. The minimum of 26.9% nitrogen was extracted in the pH range 3.0–4.0 and maximum of 94.8% at pH 12. Addition of sodium chloride (0.1 or 0.5 M) broadened the pH range of minimum nitrogen extractability and shifted it toward a lower pH region. At both concentrations of sodium chloride, a marked increase in nitrogen extractability, in the pH range 3.0–7.0, was observed. Precipitation of protein from an extract of pH 10.0 was maximum (85.3%) at pH 4.75. A higher buffer capacity of the flour was observed in the acidic medium (0.195 mmol HCl g−1 flour) than in alkaline medium (0.093 mmol NaOH g−1). Water absorption and oil absorption values for the whole E. variegata seed flour and the dehusked, defatted flour were 1.81, 1.43 and 1.02, 1.52 kg kg−1, respectively.

The volatiles of fresh leaf stalks and flowers of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf plant), grown in Hyderabad, India, were isolated by simultaneous distillation and extraction method and analysed by GC–MS. Thirty-one components were identified in the leaf stalk oil, constituting 88.1% of the volatile oil. The major components were the mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (66.7%), of which the major ones were α-pinene (24.2%), β-pinene (6.9%), α-phellandrene (7.3%) and α-copaene (8.9%). In addition, the oil had nine oxygenated monoterpenes (14.2%) and four sesquiterpene alcohols (8.1%). In the flower oil, 24 components were identified, constituting 91.8% of the volatile oil. Here, too, the major constituents were mono- and sesquiterpenes (87%), of which cis-ocimene (34.1%), α-pinene (19.1%), γ-terpinene (6.7%) and β-caryophyllene (9.5%) were predominant. It also contained seven oxygenated monoterpenes and three oxygenated sesquiterpenes, constituting 4.7% of the oil. The larger number of oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes present appear to be responsible for the intense odour associated with the stalk and flower parts of Murraya koenigii as compared to the leaf. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Strategic organizations need highly secure methods for identity verification and to control physical access to various facilities. In addition to improving overall security, an integrated identity system helps to make Strategic operations more efficient and builds trust that can be leveraged throughout interagency programs. This paper discusses a detailed view of design, development and implementation of the LPC 2478 ARM microcontroller based Intelligent Employee Authentication System for the employees possessing Radio Frequency IDentity[RFID] cards. Customised firmware is developed using KEIL μVision IDE to accomplish the objectives. Human Machine Interface[HMI] has been developed using Visual Basic, wherever required. The utility of this system in other areas are also presented.

The flavour volatile constituents of seed cotyledons, fruits and leaves of Murraya koenigii L. (curry leaf plant), grown in Hyderabad, India, were analysed by GC-MS and compared with curry leaf flavour constituents. These consist of monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The major constituents of curry leaf are monoterpenes (70%); seed cotyledons (86%), constituting -pinene (52%) and cis-s-ocimene (34%); raw fruit oil containing monoterpenes (80%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (4.8%); and fruit pulp oil containing monoterpenes (61%). The present findings constitute the first report of volatile constituents of parts of Murraya koenigii L. other than the leaves.

Chutney powders are a combination of dry tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L.) leaves with protein rich oil seed meals of peanut/sesame. Proximate and mineral compositions of the chutney powders were determined for the standardized recipe. Protein content of the powders was 17.85% and 15.75% for peanut and sesame based products, respectively; corresponding fat contents were 19.43% and 22.85%. Iron content was identical in both the products (28.45 mg/100 g) and calcium content was 189.31 mg/100 g and 304.28 mg/ 100 g for peanut and sesame based products, respectively. Standardized chutney powders, packed in polyethylene and metallized polyester polyethylene laminate pouches at ambient temperature, were found to be acceptable for a period of 180 days. Free fatty acid (FFA) content and peroxide value (POV) increased after 120 days of storage; however, sensory analysis of the chutney powders showed that variation of packaging material has little effect on the sensory scores/quality. More panelists preferred the sesame based chutney powder over the peanut based product.

The oxide/oxyhydroxide electrodes of nickel and cobalt have been prepared by cycling the respective metal hexacyanoferrate modified electrodes in alkali. The voltammetric behaviour of these derivatised electrodes prepared in the presence and absence of surfactant is described. The results reported pertain to the effects noticed in the presence of the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Enhanced film growth and improved electrochemical reversibility observed for metal hexacyanoferrate modified electrodes in the presence of CTAB are inherited and retained by the derivatised electrodes during treatment with alkali. Cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy techniques are used to substantiate the results observed.

A new strategy involving the addition of a cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), has been found to influence the electrochemical properties of nickel hexacyanoferrate film greatly. Nickel hexacyanoferrate surface films deposited by potential cycling procedure in the presence and absence of CTAB are compared for ion transport characteristics using cyclic voltammetry. CV parameters in 0.1 M KCl+0.1 M HCl both in the presence and absence of CTAB, switching time obtained from chronoamperometry and diffusion coefficient values obtained from double pulse chronocoulometry and cyclic voltammetry are presented and discussed.

The present study focuses attention on the effect of surfactants on modified electrodes with molecules of prussian blue and its analogs, which possess one or more redox centers and offer themselves as model surface systems for investigating surface effects. Among the surfactants studied the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide has offered enhanced film growth and excellent electrochemical reversibility in addition to perceptible changes in electrochromic performance of the chosen model systems. Current-time transients and visible absorption spectral data are presented to supplement and substantiate the enhanced effects.

In a recent communication of ours we reported electrocatalytic properties of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified by Nickel hydroxide/Oxyhydroxide to various sugars and alcohols. The analytical utility of this redox system towards the estimation of a few biologically and clinically important compounds such as glucose, ascorbate, lactate and H2O2 is reported and in the present study details of these determinations based on amperometric detection, levels of these compounds detected and the interferences are discussed in this communication.

Electrochemical studies on gold electrodes covered with self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of aminoethane thiol (AET), mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and octadecyl mercaptan (ODM) have been carried out using cyclic voltammetry. Study of the influence of these monolayers on the double layer capacity of the interfaces involving the Au/SAM electrodes and of the electron transfer kinetics of chosen redox reaction probes, viz., Fe(CN) 6 4−/3− , Fe2+/3+, hydroquinone/quinone(H2 Q/Q) and Cu underpotential deposition, offers a wealth of information that can throw light on the role of SAMs in allowing/moderating/blocking the electron transfer at such interfaces. These details are presented and discussed in the paper.

Hexacyanoferrate modification of gold electrode has been achieved by immobilizing the species in a self-assembled monolayer of 3,3‘-thiodipropionic acid anchored to the gold surface. The surface coverage of hexacyanoferrate is estimated from the voltammetric data point to be about one monolayer, and the modified electrode exhibits excellent surface redox behavior. Further, it shows good electrocatalytic influence on the oxidation of hydrazine and ascorbic acid.

Using a glassy carbon electrode modified with nickel oxide by a novel route, the electrocatalysis of a number of sugars and aliphatic alcohols is reported. Kinetic parameters are computed and compared with the reported data. The mechanism of oxidation of these organic compounds is discussed.

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) communication techniques offer a promising solution to an overcrowded spectrum amid growing demand for mobile and personal communication services. In mobile and personal communication systems, DSSS systems share the same frequency band with the existing narrow band frequency communication system. Therefore the performance would inevitably be affected by narrow band interference (NBI). In this paper, we present an interference suppression method in Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) systems using adaptive filters. Demonstrated by MATLAB simulation results, the method significantly improves the performance of DSSS receiver serving at the narrow band interference environment. The improvement of resulting BER after NBI suppression will further enhance along with the increasing of interference intensities. Compared with Least Mean Squares adaptive (LMS) algorithm, Recursive Least Squares (RLS) adaptive algorithm has better real time performance.

Simultaneous underpotential deposition of lead and thallium from a tartrate medium on a polycrystalline silver electrode is reported. Results of cyclic voltammetric investigations of the effects of concentration and sweep rate on the codeposition behaviour are discussed. Further investigations of the codeposition behaviour through voltammetric experiments using programmed potential inputs are described and discussed in terms of formation of a two-dimensional alloy. Finally, the validity of the existing models of electrochemical phase formation has been investigated under the codeposition conditions.

Electrolyte modification is realized to be a promising route to achieve better efficiencies in solar energy conversion in photoelectrochemical cells. Recent reports by Bocarsly et al. [1,2] and Licht et al. [3,4] have amply demonstrated this aspect wherein maximum efficiency received so far viz. 16.4% has been reported using chalcogenides of Cd as semiconductors in contact with a solution of a mixture of ferro/ferricyanide containing added cyanide ions. Surface modification of the semiconductor, cadmium sulphide/selenide, that takes place as a result of interaction with the redox, giving rise to cadmium hexacyanoferrate, has been considered important in yielding the improved energy efficiency. But interestingly, no attempt to ascertain the role of modifying hexacyanoferrate film formed as a possible photo-energy converter (also) has been made. Many metal hexacyanoferrates themselves semiconductors, being intervalent compounds, are subjects of intensive current research as they hold promise in several applications of sensors, electrochromic devices, catalysis, and most importantly in photo-energy conversion. In this context we report the results of photoresponse studies on indium hexacyanoferrate films on conducting carbon in contact with solutions of Fe(CN) −3 6 . We conclude from these studies that such interfaces under light irradiation indeed give rise to measurable and significant photocurrents whose nature is distinctly different from that obtained in the absence of a redox in solution. The article describes the observations and explains them taking into account photo/photoelectrochemical effects.

Protein concentrates were prepared from underutilized mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) roe to produce value added by-products for food applications. Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of protein concentrates prepared from mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) roes were determined. The effects of pH and salt concentration on protein solubility were investigated. The protein content of the concentrates was found to be 75, and 91%, respectively for dehydrated and defatted powders. The maximum protein solubility was observed at pH 12, while minimum protein solubility was observed at pH 5, for both dehydrated and defatted protein concentrates. Salt concentration (0.1 to 1 M Nacl) significantly affected the solubility of protein concentrates. The mineral analysis revealed substantial amounts of iron and phosphorus. The emulsifying capacities of dehydrated and defatted protein concentrates were noted as 5.9, and 7.1 ml/g protein, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis of fresh, dehydrated and defatted roe proteins has revealed the presence of major protein with a molecular weight (MW) of 97 kDa. Addition of defatted fish egg protein concentrate to pasta preparations had improved taste and texture. The results indicated that protein concentrates from underutilized mrigal fish egg may be useful for preparing protein rich food supplements.

Formation of insoluble metal hexacyanoferrate films on chalcogenide semiconductor materials in ferrocyanide medium has been found to be responsible for enhanced photocurrents and inhibition of photocorrosion. Similar beneficial properties recorded by us for the first time on indium hexacyanoferrate in ferrocyanide medium and explained in terms of formation of surface films of composites involving iron hexacyanoferrates are described in this paper.

In India, fish egg (roes) is the underutilized rich source of protein and essential fatty acids. An attempt was made to utilize the roes for the preparation of pickle product. Roes of rohu (Labeo rohita) were subjected to pretreatments such as pasteurization and blanching in varying molar concentrations of salt solutions to improve the texture and sensory quality. Losses in protein content and absorption of salt by roes were assessed in both pasteurized and blanched roes for processing them into roe pickle. The pasteurized roes were very soft coupled with high fishy odour. Roes blanched in 1M NaCl solution were found to be good in taste in terms of salt, minimum loss in protein content and reduced fishy odour. The blanched roes were used to prepare fish roe pickle. The pickle was analyzed for physico-chemical parameters, microbial and sensory quality during storage. The roe pickle packed in glass bottle was shelf-stable and scored good for sensory characteristics of flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability during a storage period of 6 months at room temperature (28 ± 2°C).

A supramolecular host—guest assembly based on zeolite YMHCF (M  Ni, Co) is examined electrochemically. Using well-known metal hexacyanoferrate (MHCF) redox chemistry in response to alkali metal cations, revealed by cyclic voltammetric “signatures”, we present the first results on the effects of the zeolite medium and confirm the intrazeolitic presence of MHCF complexes.

A simple method of preparing thin films of electronic nickel hydroxide on substrates like Pt, graphite and GC is reported. The suitability and stability of such films on cycling along with their switching times are described.

The oxidation behaviour of methanol on platinum at room temperature in a low concentration of phosphoric acid (≈ 5%) has been studied. Voltammetric behaviour in phosphoric acid medium is compared with that in perchloric acid. The effect of a bismuth underpotential deposition (upd) layer on the oxidation of methanol is also reported.

The codeposition of lead and thallium UPD's on polycrystalline silver has been investigated. Studies on the effect of deposition time on the formation of the codeposit suggest the codeposit to be a solid solution resulting from underpotentially deposited mono/submono layers of lead and thallium with the stoichiometric ratio of 1 : 2 (Pb : T1).

Prussian Blue (PB). During the course of our studies on the preparation and the properties of the PB-modified electrodes and their analogues we noticed that the electrodes modified with the cobalt analogue of PB are exceptional ― they exhibit excellent reversible redox centers very similar to those of PB, - so for the first time their preparation and characteristics are reported

Prussian Blue (PB)-modified glassy carbon electrodes exhibited stable photocurrents whose polarity was found to depend on the experimental conditions. The photocurrent responses in potassium chloride solutions in the presence and absence of the I−I2 redox system in solution are presented and discussed.

The formation of stable films of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) on carbon substrate electrode is reported. Besides exhibiting good electrochemical activity, such films have revealed a redox character that suggests cation incorporation into the film structure. Surface derivation leading to reversible nickel hydroxides is seen to be unique with these films when treated with alkali.

Simultaneous deposition of lead and thallium UPD s on polycrystalline silver has been investigated under cyclic voltammetric conditions. Voltammetric data, resulting from systematic variation of potential sweep rates and concentration of metal ions, are presented and discussed. The experimental results for composite lead and thallium UPD s, obtained from mixed as well as single metal UPD s, obtained from single salt solutions under comparable conditions, have been analyzed in terms of the empirical models proposed for the growth mechanism based on adsorption/nucleation phenomena.