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Several flavonoids have been recognized as nutraceuticals, and myricetin is a good example. Myricetin is commonly found in plants and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities is well demonstrated. One of its beneficial biological effects is the neuroprotective activity, showing preclinical activities on Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases, and even in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Also, myricetin has revealed other biological activities, among them as antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular, analgesic and antihypertensive. However, few clinical trials have been performed using myricetin as nutraceutical. Thus, this review provides new insights on myricetin preclinical pharmacological activities, and role in selected clinical trials. This work was partially supported by CONICYT PIA/APOYO CCTE AFB170007. N. Martins would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) for the Strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020 - Northern Regional Operational Program” (NORTE-01-0145- FEDER-000012).

The genus of wild rose, or Rosa L., belongs to the family Rosaceae. It has many cultural forms, bred under the general name Rosa. At the moment, more than 400 species of rose hips are known. Usually these are upright shrubs, less often creepers, sometimes low tree-like forms or almost herbaceous plants. Rosehip is common in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, it can often be found in the mountainous regions of the tropical zone. Some species of rose hips are common from the Arctic Circle in the north to Ethiopia in the south. On the American continent - from Canada to Mexico, Favorable conditions for Rosehip are in the Mediterranean region. Several species of the Rosehip genus have an extensive distribution area. Kazakhstan has significant resources of medicinal raw materials of plant origin. Among the most priority representatives of the wild flora are species of the rosehip genus - Rosa L. as a most valuable medicinal plant. In total, 21 species of wild rose grow in the republic, including 5 in the central Kazakhstan: R. glabrifolia - sh. naked, R. laxa Retz. - w. loose, R. acicularis Lindl. - (W. needlefish), R. majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.) - sh. May (W. cinnamon) and R. pimpinellifolia L. (R. spinosissima L.) - W. femoral cell. Kazakhstan species of the genus Rosa L. Rose hips are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances and are widely used both in medicine and in cooking. In this paper, a comparative analysis of rose hips, Rosa canina L., harvested in the fall of 2018 is carried out. Plant raw materials are collected in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty region). The crushed air-dry raw materials were extracted with hexane and chloroform in the ratio of raw materials-reagent (1:10) in a Soxhlet apparatus. The resulting extract was concentrated under mild conditions to a thick concentrate, which was analyzed on a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector. The analyzes were carried out on a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector 6890N / 5973C (Agilent, USA). The peaks detected in the chromatograms were identified using the NIST’11 and Wiley 10 mass spectral libraries. The article first studied and conducted a comparative analysis of lipophilic substances contained in the fruits of the plant Rosa canina L, harvested in the Almaty region. The extracts mainly include hydrocarbons, derivatives of higher carboxylic acids, higher alcohols and some other substances, in particular butyl tetradecyl ether of hydrochloric acid, [4- (2-methylpentanoylsulfamoyl) phenyl] amide of 2-methylpentanoic acid in hexane extract and, butyl undecyl ether sulfuric acid, eicosyl trifluoroacetate and ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-4-azafluorenone, 2-fluorenilim in the chloroform extract. Further work will be continued in order to determine the potential biological activity of the obtained extracts. Keywords: Rosa canina L., СКФ-экстракция, никотин, GC-MS, химический состав.

This work is an updated snapshot of Lamium plants and their biological activities. The main features of the plant are described and the components of its essential oils are summarized. The traditional medicinal uses of Lamium plants has been reported. The presence of these chemicals i.e., hydroxycinnamic acids, iridoids, secoiridoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenylpropanoids, phytoecdysteroids, benzoxazinoids, betaine can provide biological activities. After the discussion of antioxidant properties documented for Lamium plants, the biological activities, studied using in vitro models, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive activity, and pain therapy and cytotoxicity and cytoprotective activity are here described and discussed. Finally, targeted examples of in vivo studies are reported.

In this study, complete comparative analysis of the component composition of plant of the genus Kochia prostrata were conducted for the first time. The data for quantitative determination of biologically active compounds and the study of amino, fatty and phenolic acids composition of plant of the genus Kochia prostrata family Chenopodiaceae were presented. 20 amino acids, 8 known fatty acids and 4 phenolic acids have been identified in the studied objects; their quantitative composition has been established. The major amino acids were glutamic acid (23.46%), aspartic acid (1.88%) and alanine (5.82%), while the major fatty acids were oleic (64.9%) and linoleic (22.0%), palmetic (5.3%) acids. Moreover, a sufficient amount of protocatechuic, vanillic, isovanillic and p-coumaric acids have been found.

Arid soils cover 34% of Kazakhstan. A multitude of halophytes grow on them. The chemistry of halophytes is of significant scientific and practical interest. Mainly salt-accumulating plants of the family Chenopodiaceae, which is represented in Kazakhstan by 47 genera and 218 species [1–3], exhibit halophilicity. These include plants of the genus Climacoptera, of which 14 species grow in Kazakhstan [4–7]. Herein we communicate results for the chemical composition of C. obtusifolia collected during flowering in Almaty Region. An analysis of the constituents detected flavonoids (1.4%), saponins (2.3%), amino acids (2.7%), phenolic acids (1.8%), carbohydrates (2.5%), and coumarins (0.1%). Biologically active compounds from this plant were studied by extracting ground raw material with EtOH (70%) in a raw material–extractant ratio of 1:6–8 for 3 d at room temperature. The aqueous EtOH extract was concentrated. The concentrate was worked up successively with CHCl 3 , EtOAc, and n-BuOH with subsequent condensing of each fraction. Column chromatography over silica gel of the CHCl 3 fraction isolated 1–4 upon elution by CHCl 3 –hexane (9:1 and 8:2). Biologically active compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH extract using absorption-distributive chromatography over a nanosorbent produced by carbonization of plant raw material (rice husks) at the Institute of Combustion Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh Nat. Univ. [7]. The eluents were H 2 O and aqueous EtOH in various ratios. Thus, compound 5 was isolated pure from the n-BuOH fraction. The isolated compounds were identified based on physicochemical data and comparisons with the literature as stigmasterol (1), C 29 H 28 O, FAB-MS m/z 412 [7] and dehydrodiconiferylaldehyde (2), C 20 H 21 O 6 , EI-MS m/z [M] + 356, white amorphous compound, [] D 25 +20.0° (c 0.1, MeOH), mp 205°C (dec.), R f 0.5 (CHCl 3 –MeOH, 9.3:0.7).

The first time studied the compositions of the chloroform extracts of three types of the genus Climacoptera (C. obtusifoliа, C. brachiata, C. ferganica). Carried out comparative analysis of hexane extracts of three species of the genus Climacoptera. Established -, - carotene dominates in C. obtusifolia. C. brachiata contains only glycosides of sitosterol and stigmasterol. C. ferganica is rich in content - sitosterol, glycosides of sitosterol and -stigmasterol.