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100 results on '"GKSS-Research Center"'

1. Study of diffusion coefficient of water and homologous series of primary alcohols in PEBA membranes by NMR

Author: GKSS Research Center, University of Hamburg, Universität Leipzig, Scharnagl, Nico, Stribeck, Norbert, Barbi, Veroni, GKSS Research Center, University of Hamburg, Universität Leipzig, Scharnagl, Nico, Stribeck, Norbert, and Barbi, Veroni
Published: 2016

2. Urinary Marker Profiles in Heart Failure with Reduced Versus Preserved Ejection Fraction

Author: Koen W. Streng, Hans L. Hillege, Jozine M. ter Maaten, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Kenneth Dickstein, Nilesh J. Samani, Leong L. Ng, Marco Metra, Gerasimos S. Filippatos, Piotr Ponikowski, Faiez Zannad, Stefan D. Anker, Peter van der Meer, Chim C. Lang, Adriaan A. Voors, Kevin Damman, University of Groningen [Groningen], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Stavanger University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB), University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Università degli Studi di Brescia = University of Brescia (UniBs), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, University of Cyprus = Université de Chypre, Wrocław Medical University, Cardiology Department, Military Hospital, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'investigation clinique plurithématique Pierre Drouin [Nancy] (CIC-P), Centre d'investigation clinique [Nancy] (CIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists [Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy] (INI-CRCT), Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu [Nancy], French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network - F-CRIN [Paris] (Cardiovascular & Renal Clinical Trialists - CRCT ), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Center for Biomaterial Development and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Institute for Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center GmbH, Teltow, Germany, University of Dundee, This work was supported by the Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative: an initiative with support of the Dutch Heart Foundation [CVON2014-11 RECONNECT] and a grant from the European Commission [FP7-242209-BIOSTAT-CHF]. There is no relation with industry., and European Project: 242209,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2009-single-stage,BIOSTAT-CHF(2010)
Subjects: Heart failure, Proximal tubule, Renal function, Urinary markers, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Heart failure Renal function Urinary markers Proximal tubule, Genetics, Pharmaceutical Science, Molecular Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: Background Recent data suggest different causes of renal dysfunction between heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) versus preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We therefore studied a wide range of urinary markers reflecting different nephron segments in heart failure patients. Methods In 2070, in chronic heart failure patients, we measured several established and upcoming urinary markers reflecting different nephron segments. Results Mean age was 70 ± 12 years, 74% was male and 81% (n = 1677) had HFrEF. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was lower in patients with HFpEF (56 ± 23 versus 63 ± 23 ml/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.001). Patients with HFpEF had significantly higher values of NGAL (58.1 [24.0–124.8] versus 28.1 [14.6–66.9] μg/gCr, P P = 0.001). These differences were more pronounced in patients with an eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73m2. Conclusions HFpEF patients showed more evidence of tubular damage and/or dysfunction compared with HFrEF patients, in particular when glomerular function was preserved.
Published: 2023
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3. The High Energy Materials Science Beamline (HEMS) at PETRA III

Author: Schreyer, Andreas [GKSS Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht (Germany)]
Published: 2010
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4. Radiation damage to amorphous carbon thin films irradiated by multiple 46.9 nm laser shots below the single-shot damage threshold

Author: Stoermer, M [GKSS Research Center, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht (Germany)]
Published: 2009
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5. In-situ small-angle X-ray scattering study of the precipitation behavior in a Fe-25 at.%Co-9 at.%Mo alloy

Author: Schreyer, Andreas [GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht (Germany)]
Published: 2008
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6. On the Modeling of Plastic Deformation of Magnesium Alloys

Author: Brocks, W [GKSS Research Center, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Plank-Str., D-21502 Geesthacht (Germany)]
Published: 2007
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7. Forming of Magnesium - Crystal Plasticity and Plastic Potentials

Author: Brocks, Wolfgang [GKSS Research Center, Institute for Materials Research, Mechanics of Materials, Geesthacht (Germany)]
Published: 2007
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8. The New Materials Science Beamline HARWI-II at DESY

Author: Schreyer, Andreas [GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht (Germany)]
Published: 2007
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9. Dynamically polarized hydrogen target as a broadband, wavelength-independent thermal neutron spin polarizer

Author: Willumeit, R [GKSS Research Center, Germany]
Published: 2005
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10. A.L. Copley Best Paper Prize 2018

Author: F. Jung, Christian Lehmann, Philippe Connes, Center for Biomaterial Development and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Institute for Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center GmbH, Teltow, Germany, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire d'Excellence : Biogenèse et pathologies du globule rouge (Labex Gr-Ex), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology, Physiology (medical), Hematology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019
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11. Effect of microstructural modification on tensile and fatigue properties of Cu-35wt%Ni-3. 5wt%Cr alloy

Author: Wang, G [GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht (Germany). Inst. for Materials Research]
Published: 1994
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12. Improve the fatigue life of titanium alloys; Part 2

Author: Gregory, J [GKSS Research Center, Geestacht (Germany)]
Published: 1994

13. Improve the fatigue life of titanium alloys; Part 1

Author: Gregory, J [GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht (Germany)]
Published: 1994

14. Ultrafast terahertz field control of electronic and structural interactions in vanadium dioxide

Author: Jaewoo Jeong, Stefano Bonetti, Daniel J. Higley, Roopali Kukreja, D. Sokaras, N. C. Brandt, Elsa Abreu, Mengkun Liu, Diling Zhu, John W. Freeland, Alexander H. Reid, Harold Y. Hwang, Emmanuelle Jal, Haidan Wen, Mariano Trigo, P. Granitzka, Hendrik Ohldag, Catherine Graves, Hermann A. Dürr, T. Chase, Jamal Berakdar, Roberto Alonso-Mori, Alexander X. Gray, Henrik T. Lemke, A. J. Sternbach, S. S. P. Parkin, Richard D. Averitt, Zhao Chen, M. C. Hoffmann, Keith A. Nelson, Dennis Nordlund, Tianhan Wang, Mahesh Govind Samant, T.-C. Weng, M. Chollet, N. P. Aetukuri, James M. Glownia, Y. Zhu, Department of Chemistry, Inha University - Incheon, Nanjing University (NJU), Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), and Stanford University-Stanford University
Subjects: FOS: Physical sciences, Field (mathematics), 02 engineering and technology, Electronic structure, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia, symbols.namesake, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Metal–insulator transition, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Degenerate energy levels, Fermi level, Fermion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Group theory
Abstract: As a type of fermions without counterpart in high energy physics, triply degenerate fermions show exotic physical properties, which are represented by triply degenerate nodal points in topological semimetals. Here, based on the space group theory analysis, we propose a practical guidance for seeking a topological semimetal with triply degenerate nodal points located at a symmetric axis, which is applicable to both symmorphic and nonsymmorphic crystals. By using this guidance in combination with the first-principles electronic structure calculations, we predict a class of triply degenerate topological semimetals $R{\mathrm{Rh}}_{6}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{4}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(R=\text{Y},\text{La},\text{Lu})$. In these compounds, the triply degenerate nodal points are located at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}A$ axis and not far from the Fermi level. Especially, ${\mathrm{LaRh}}_{6}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{4}$ has a pair of triply degenerate nodal points located at just $\ensuremath{\sim}3$ meV below the Fermi level. Considering the fact that the single crystals of $R{\mathrm{Rh}}_{6}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{4}$ have been synthesized experimentally, the $R{\mathrm{Rh}}_{6}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{4}$ class of compounds will be an appropriate platform for studying exotic physical properties of triply degenerate topological semimetals.
Published: 2018
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15. A vegetation control on seasonal variations in global atmospheric mercury concentrations

Author: Ingvar Wängberg, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Lynwill Martin, Casper Labuschagne, Aurélien Dommergue, Katriina Kyllönen, Johannes Bieser, Martin Jiskra, Thumeka Mkololo, Olivier Magand, Michel Ramonet, Doug Worthy, Jeroen E. Sonke, Daniel Obrist, Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber, Ralf Ebinghaus, Géochimie des Isotopes Stables Non-Traditionnels, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse ( GET ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Desert Research Institute ( DRI ), GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, South African Weather Service ( SAWS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Basel (Unibas), University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Climate Research Division [Toronto], Environment and Climate Change Canada, South African Weather Service (SAWS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), European Project: 265113,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,GMOS(2010), European Project: 657195,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2014,MEROXRE(2015), European Project: 258537,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091028,MERCURY ISOTOPES(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Birkenesobservatoriet, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Kvikksølv, Latitude, medicine, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Atmosphere and climate, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Birkenes Observatory, Southern Hemisphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Northern Hemisphere, Primary production, Mercury, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Atmosfære og klima, Mercury (element), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Anthropogenic mercury emissions are transported through the atmosphere as gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) before they are deposited to Earth’s surface. Strong seasonality in atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere has been explained by two factors: anthropogenic Hg(0) emissions are thought to peak in winter due to higher energy consumption, and atmospheric oxidation rates of Hg(0) are faster in summer. Oxidation-driven Hg(0) seasonality should be equally pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere, which is inconsistent with observations of constant year-round Hg(0) levels. Here, we assess the role of Hg(0) uptake by vegetation as an alternative mechanism for driving Hg(0) seasonality. We find that at terrestrial sites in the Northern Hemisphere, Hg(0) co-varies with CO$_2$, which is known to exhibit a minimum in summer when CO$_2$ is assimilated by vegetation. The amplitude of seasonal oscillations in the atmospheric Hg(0) concentration increases with latitude and is larger at inland terrestrial sites than coastal sites. Using satellite data, we find that the photosynthetic activity of vegetation correlates with Hg(0) levels at individual sites and across continents. We suggest that terrestrial vegetation acts as a global Hg(0) pump, which can contribute to seasonal variations of atmospheric Hg(0), and that decreasing Hg(0) levels in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 20 years can be partly attributed to increased terrestrial net primary production.
Published: 2018
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16. A.L. Copley Best Paper Prize 2016

Author: Friedrich Jung, Christian Lehmann, Philippe Connes, Center for Biomaterial Development and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Institute for Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center GmbH, Teltow, Germany, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology, Physiology (medical), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hematology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017
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17. A.L. Copley Best Paper Prize 2017

Author: Christian Lehmann, Friedrich Jung, Philippe Connes, Center for Biomaterial Development and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Institute for Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center GmbH, Teltow, Germany, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physiology (medical), media_common.quotation_subject, Art history, Hematology, Art, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018
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18. Guest–Host Interactions Investigated by Time-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopies and Scattering at MHz Rates: Solvation Dynamics and Photoinduced Spin Transition in Aqueous Fe(bipy)32+

Author: Gilles Doumy, Martin Nielsen, György Vankó, T. B. van Driel, Stephen H. Southworth, Anne Marie March, Kristoffer Haldrup, Henrik T. Lemke, Wojciech Gawelda, Asmus Ougaard Dohn, Jens Uhlig, Andreas Galler, Elliot P. Kanter, Villy Sundström, Linda Young, Christian Bressler, Amélie Bordage, Kasper S. Kjær, Sophie E. Canton, Institute of Electrical Engineering, SAS Bratislava, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European XFEL GmbH, Department of Physics, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, and Lund University [Lund]
Subjects: Time Factors, Spin transition, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Ferric Compounds, 01 natural sciences, X-Ray Diffraction, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aqueous solution, Chemistry, Scattering, Intermolecular force, Solvation, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Water, Photochemical Processes, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Kinetics, Solvation shell, Chemical physics, Excited state, Intramolecular force, Quantum Theory, Thermodynamics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We have studied the photoinduced low spin (LS) to high spin (HS) conversion of [Fe(bipy)(3)](2+) in aqueous solution. In a laser pump/X-ray probe synchrotron setup permitting simultaneous, time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS) and X-ray spectroscopic measurements at a 3.26 MHz repetition rate, we observed the interplay between intramolecular dynamics and the intermolecular caging solvent response with better than 100 ps time resolution. On this time scale, the initial ultrafast spin transition and the associated intramolecular geometric structure changes are long completed, as is the solvent heating due to the initial energy dissipation from the excited HS molecule. Combining information from X-ray emission spectroscopy and scattering, the excitation fraction as well as the temperature and density changes of the solvent can be closely followed on the subnanosecond time scale of the HS lifetime, allowing the detection of an ultrafast change in bulk solvent density. An analysis approach directly utilizing the spectroscopic data in the XDS analysis effectively reduces the number of free parameters, and both combined permit extraction of information about the ultrafast structural dynamics of the caging solvent, in particular, a decrease in the number of water molecules in the first solvation shell is inferred, as predicted by recent theoretical work.
Published: 2012
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19. Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network

Author: F. Sprovieri, N. Pirrone, M. Bencardino, F. D'Amore, F. Carbone, S. Cinnirella, V. Mannarino, M. Landis, R. Ebinghaus, A. Weigelt, E.-G. Brunke, C. Labuschagne, L. Martin, J. Munthe, I. Wängberg, P. Artaxo, F. Morais, H. D. M. J. Barbosa, J. Brito, W. Cairns, C. Barbante, M. D. C. Diéguez, P. E. Garcia, A. Dommergue, H. Angot, O. Magand, H. Skov, M. Horvat, J. Kotnik, K. A. Read, L. M. Neves, B. M. Gawlik, F. Sena, N. Mashyanov, V. Obolkin, D. Wip, X. B. Feng, H. Zhang, X. Fu, R. Ramachandran, D. Cossa, J. Knoery, N. Marusczak, M. Nerentorp, C. Norstrom, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), School of Mathematical Sciences [Dublin], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, South African Weather Service (SAWS), Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd., Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre atlantique, Nantes, IFREMER - Centre de Toulon/La Seyne sur Mer (IFREMER - CENTRE DE TOULON/LA SEYNE SUR MER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique - Clermont Auvergne (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ARCTIC-OCEAN, Atmospheric mercury, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Transporte Global, Troposphere, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], lcsh:Chemistry, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], ddc:551, Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analitica, MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, GMOS, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, SPECIATED MERCURY, SOUTH-AFRICA, lcsh:QC1-999, Atmospheric chemistry, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, MACE-HEAD, Pollution, Meteorology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Mercurio, chemistry.chemical_element, AMBIENT AIR, POLAR SUNRISE, NY-ALESUND, Article, Atmósfera, GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY, Global network, medicine, CHASING QUICKSILVER, Stratosphere, Patrones Hemisféricos, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], atmospheric mercury, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Mercury (element), mercury global network, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Long-term monitoring of data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project was funded by the European Commission (http://www.gmos.eu) and started in November 2010 with the overall goal to develop a coordinated global observing system to monitor Hg on a global scale, including a large network of ground-based monitoring stations, ad hoc periodic oceanographic cruises and measurement flights in the lower and upper troposphere as well as in the lower stratosphere. To date, more than 40 ground-based monitoring sites constitute the global network covering many regions where little to no observational data were available before GMOS. This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded worldwide in the framework of the GMOS project (2010-2015), analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. Major findings highlighted in this paper include a clear gradient of Hg concentrations between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, confirming that the gradient observed is mostly driven by local and regional sources, which can be anthropogenic, natural or a combination of both. Fil: Sprovieri, Francesca. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; Italia Fil: Pirrone, Nicola. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; Italia Fil: Bencardino, Mariantonia. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; Italia Fil: D'Amore, Francesco. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; Italia Fil: Carbone, Francesco. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; Italia Fil: Cinnirella, Sergio. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; Italia Fil: Mannarino, Valentino. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research; Italia Fil: Landis, Matthew. US Environmental Protection Agency; Estados Unidos Fil: Ebinghaus, Ralf. Helmholtz Zentrum; Alemania Fil: Weigelt, Andreas. Helmholtz Zentrum; Alemania Fil: Brunke, Ernst Günther. South African Weather Service; Sudáfrica Fil: Labuschagne, Casper. South African Weather Service; Sudáfrica Fil: Martin, Lynwill. South African Weather Service; Sudáfrica Fil: Munthe, John. Swedish Environmental Research Inst. Ltd.; Suecia Fil: Wängberg, Ingvar. Swedish Environmental Research Inst. Ltd.; Suecia Fil: Artaxo, Paulo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Morais, Fernando. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: De Melo Jorge Barbosa, Henrique. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Brito, Joel. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Cairns, Warren. Universita' Ca' Foscari Di Venezia; Italia Fil: Barbante, Carlo. Universita' Ca' Foscari Di Venezia; Italia. Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes; Italia Fil: Dieguez, Maria del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina Fil: Garcia, Patricia Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina Fil: Aurélien, Dommergue. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. University Grenoble Alpes; Francia Fil: Angot, Helene. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. University Grenoble Alpes; Francia Fil: Magand, Olivier. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. University Grenoble Alpes; Francia Fil: Skov, Henrik. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Horvat, Milena. Jožef Stefan Institute; Eslovenia Fil: Kotnik, Jože. Jožef Stefan Institute; Eslovenia Fil: Alana Read, Katie. University of York; Reino Unido Fil: Mendes Neves, Luis. Cape Verde Observatory; Brasil Fil: Manfred Gawlik, Bernd. Joint Research Centre; Italia Fil: Sena, Fabrizio. Joint Research Centre; Italia Fil: Mashyanov, Nikolay. St. Petersburg State University; Rusia Fil: Obolkin, Vladimir. Limnological Institute SB RAS; Rusia Fil: Wip, Dennis. University of Suriname; Surinam Fil: Bin Feng, Xin. Institute Of Geochemistry Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China Fil: Zhang, Hui. Institute Of Geochemistry Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China Fil: Fu, Xuewu. Institute Of Geochemistry Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China Fil: Ramachandran, Ramesh. Anna University; India Fil: Cossa, Daniel. Centre Méditerranée; Francia Fil: Knoery, Joël. Centre Atlantique; Francia Fil: Marusczak, Nicolas. Centre Méditerranée; Francia Fil: Nerentorp, Michelle. Chalmers University Of Technology; Suecia Fil: Norstrom, Claus. University Aarhus; Dinamarca
Published: 2016
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20. Study of the origin of atmospheric mercury depletion events recorded in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, spring 2003

Author: Katrine Aspmo, Torunn Berg, Christophe Ferrari, C. M. Banic, Alexandra Steffen, Pierre-Alexis Gauchard, Claude F. Boutron, Ralf Ebinghaus, Sonia Nagorski, Christian Temme, Lars Kaleschke, Enno Bahlmann, Patrick Baussand, Olivier Magand, Frédéric Planchon, Johan Ström, Aurélien Dommergue, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Chemistry [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, Air Quality Research Branch, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Polytech' Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Groupe de Recherche sur l'Environnement et la Chimie Atmosphérique (GRECA), UFR de Mécanique et de Physique, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institute of Applied Environmental Research (ITM)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Transport, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric mercury, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, Ozone, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ice cloud, Advection, Mercury, Snow, Atmospheric mercury depletion events, eye diseases, Aerosol, Mercury (element), Particles, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, sense organs
Abstract: International audience; An international campaign involving six teams was organized in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, in order to understand better the origin of atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs). Special emphasis was given to determining the source region of the observed events and the physical and chemical processes leading to AMDEs. Five AMDEs were recorded during a one-month field experiment (10 April-10 May, 2003). The different events presented various characteristics, especially in terms of mercury species formation, atmospheric particle variations and meteorological conditions. After careful examination of each event, we postulate that two were probably due to advection of already depleted air masses and three were a product of local or regional chemistry. The roles of different surfaces (frost flowers, snow, ice aerosol in clouds) involved in heterogeneous reactions leading to AMDEs are also discussed. We speculate that ice clouds may explain the particle variations observed during the three more local events.
Published: 2005
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21. Measurements of atmospheric mercury species during an international study of mercury depletion events at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, spring 2003. How reproducible are our present methods?

Author: Torunn Berg, Francesca Sprovieri, Christian Temme, Christophe Ferrari, Aurélien Dommergue, Grethe Wibetoe, Nicola Pirrone, Pierre-Alexis Gauchard, Alexandra Steffen, Katrine Aspmo, Ralf Ebinghaus, Enno Bahlmann, C. M. Banic, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Chemistry [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MERCURE, Atmospheric Science, Reactive gaseous mercury, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Air pollution, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, Round robin test procedures, Arctic, medicine, Intercomparison, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Replicate, Gaseous elemental mercury, Particle bound mercury, Aerosol, Mercury (element), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, Environmental science, Round robin test
Abstract: International audience; Six groups participated in an international study of springtime atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) at Ny-Ålesund in the Norwegian Arctic during April and May 2003 with the aim to compare analytical methods for measurements of atmospheric mercury species and study the physical and chemical processes leading to AMDEs. Five groups participated in the method comparison that was conducted at three different locations within Ny-Ålesund. Various automated and manual instrumentation were used to sample, measure and compare gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and mercury associated with particles (Hg-P). The concentration of GEM was reproducible during background conditions. For the first time using ambient air, the statistics associated with round robin test procedures were applied. This was found to be an appropriate tool to investigate the reproducibility of GEM measurements in ambient air. The precision for each group measuring GEM concentrations was found to be consistently good (within 5%). Five AMDEs were recorded during the study. Using four different methods, including single and replicate samples, all groups recorded higher values of RGM and Hg-P during AMDEs. The results show that measuring comparable atmospheric mercury species at both the same and different locations (within the Ny-Ålesund area) is difficult. Not only do site location and site characteristics create challenges when trying to intercompare results but there are difficulties, as well, in obtaining comparable results with similar sampling and analysis methods. Nevertheless, with our current procedures for atmospheric mercury identification we can differentiate with certainty between “high” and “low” concentration values of RGM and Hg-P.
Published: 2005
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22. A statistical analysis for pattern recognition of small cloud particles sampled with a PMS-2DC probe

Author: Christophe Duroure, F. Albers, A. Fouilloux, J. Iaquinta, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), GKSS Research Center, EGU, Publication, and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Synthetic data, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 010306 general physics, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Physics, Ice cloud, Pixel, Computer simulation, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, business.industry, lcsh:QC801-809, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pattern recognition, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Space and Planetary Science, Pattern recognition (psychology), [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Particle, lcsh:Q, Artificial intelligence, Particle size, business, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Although small particles (size between 25 µm and 200 µm) are frequently observed within ice and water clouds, they are not generally used properly for the calculation of structural, optical and microphysical quantities. Actually neither the exact shape nor the phase (ice or water) of these particles is well defined since the existing pattern recognition algorithms are only efficient for larger particle sizes. The present study describes a statistical analysis concerning small hexagonal columns and spherical particles sampled with a PMS-2DC probe, and the corresponding images are classified according to the occurrence probability of various pixels arrangements. This approach was first applied to synthetic data generated with a numerical model, including the effects of diffraction at a short distance, and then validated against actual data sets obtained from in-cloud flights during the pre-ICE'89 campaign. Our method allows us to differentiate small hexagonal columns from spherical particles, thus making possible the characterization of the three dimensional shape (and consequently evaluation of the volume) of the particles, and finally to compute e.g., the liquid or the ice water content.
Published: 1997

23. Distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds and mercury in fish liver from high-mountain lakes in France originating from atmospheric deposition

Author: Christophe Ferrari, Nicolas Marusczak, Aurélien Dommergue, Janne Rubarth, Ralf Ebinghaus, Lutz Ahrens, Rachid Nedjai, GKSS Research Centre Geesthacht, Institute for Coastal Research, Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Coastal Research, GKSS Research Centre Geesthacht, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany., Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GKSS-Research Center, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, CHANG, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), CECALM (Contamination des ECosystème ALpins par le Mercure) project, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], CHANG (CHANG), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mercury in fish, Biomagnification, Fluorescence spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_element, Bioconcentration, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Chemical oceanography, Perfluoroalkyl, Lake, Mercury (element), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Environmental chemistry, Bioaccumulation, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Water pollution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Environmental context.Perfluoroalkyl compounds and mercury are of rising concern because of their persistency, bioaccumulation potential and possibly adverse effects on humans and wildlife. In the present study, perfluoroalkyl compounds and mercury were quantified in fish liver from high-mountain lakes in which the contamination originated from atmospheric deposition. This study improves our understanding of atmospheric transport and deposition of these contaminants. Abstract.Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) and total mercury (THg) were investigated in fish liver collected from four high-mountain lakes in the French alps in which the water was fed only by atmospheric deposition. Concentrations of various PFCs, including C9–C15 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were quantified. The PFOS concentration was similar in all high-mountain lakes with mean concentrations ranging from 3.61–4.24 ng g–1 wet weight (ww) indicating homogeneous atmospheric deposition. Conversely, the spatial distribution of PFCAs and THg was strongly influenced from a different emission source, which is probably the city of Grenoble, which resulted in significantly higher concentration levels of ∑PFCAs in three lakes (P
Published: 2011
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24. New guidelines for hemorheological laboratory techniques

Author: Philippe Connes, Bo Sandhagen, Sandro Forconi, Sehyun Shin, Jean Luc Wautier, Herbert J. Meiselman, Oguz K. Baskurt, Friedrich Jung, Björn Neu, Brian M. Cooke, George B. Thurston, Gerard B. Nash, Giles C Cokelet, Max R. Hardeman, Norbert Nemeth, Fulong Liao, Michel Boynard, Physiology Department, Antalya University, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Engineering, University of Rochester [USA], Pharmacogénétique et abords thérapeutiques des maladies héréditaires, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IFR2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Microbiology Department, Monash University [Clayton], Hematology, Siena University, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Center for Biomaterial Development and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Institute for Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center GmbH, Teltow, Germany, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Cardiovascular Rheology, University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC)-University of Southern California (USC), Uppsala University, Bioengineering Laboratory, Korea University, School of Mechanical Engineering, South Korea, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-Commencez à saisir le nom d'un établissementexas, Hematology Department, UFR Lariboisière Saint‐Louis Paris VII et INTS, Paris, Boynard, Michel, Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Rochester University, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -IFR2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA, The University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] ( UAB ), and Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
Subjects: Erythrocyte Aggregation, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Physiology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Blood viscosity, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Klinikai orvostudományok, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Physiology (medical), Erythrocyte Deformability, Cell Adhesion, Leukocytes, Medicine, Humans, Medical physics, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Blood Specimen Collection, Hematologic Tests, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], business.industry, [ SDV.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, methodology, Hematology, Orvostudományok, Blood Viscosity, Elasticity, 3. Good health, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Red blood cell aggregation, [INFO.INFO-BT] Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, Other Clinical Medicine, viscosity, Hemorheology, Annan klinisk medicin, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, [ INFO.INFO-BT ] Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; This document, supported by both the International Society for Clinical Hemorheology and the European Society for Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, proposes new guidelines for hemorheological methods used in experimental and clinical studies. It is based on a similar document entitled: "Guidelines for measurement of blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability" published in 1986 by the Expert Panel on Blood Rheology of the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology. Recent methods, techniques and instruments, as well as new approaches to interpretation of results, are added to these new guidelines; wide spread adoption should improve comparability between hemorheological laboratories and increase the reliability of rheological tests.
Published: 2009

25. Bio-optical properties of the marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp

Author: Rüdiger Röttgers, Márcio Murilo Barboza Tenório, Guillaume Dirberg, Jacques Neveux, Sylvain Ouillon, Cécile Dupouy, Laboratoire de biologie et environnement marins - LBEM (LBEML), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), GKSS Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sanz, Frédérique
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cyanobacteria, PHYTOPLANCTON, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Absorption spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, DISPERSION, ANALYSE SPECTRALE, Phytoplankton, FLUORESCENCE, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), TELEDETECTION, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, METHODE D'ANALYSE, biology, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, CYANOBACTERIE, REFLECTANCE, Colored dissolved organic matter, Oceanography, Trichodesmium, ABSORPTION SPECTRALE, chemistry, Chlorophyll, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Seawater
Abstract: Bio-optical spectral properties were determined on fresh suspensions of Trichodesmium spp. collected in a tropical lagoon and put in seawater tanks (total chlorophyll concentrations range between 0.1 and 3.8 mg m -3 ). The spectrum of the backscattering coefficient was a hyperbolic function with a slope of 1.2, often showing troughs at 440, 550 and 676 nm, due to absorption peaks of chlorophyll and phycoerythrin. The absorption spectrum computed with a specific beta correction for Trichodesmium, showed a blue to red ratio (B/R) equivalent to the one of a single colony (B/R=2), and also showed the double peak of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA's, 330 and 360 nm). The CDOM absorption spectrum showed minor MAA peaks when cyanobacterial concentrations were above 1 mg Chl a m -3 . The chlorophyll a-specific backscattering and absorption coefficients at 442 nm were respectively 0.0126 m
Published: 2008

26. Relationships between the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon and optical properties in the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans

Author: Antoine Sciandra, Dariusz Stramski, Bryan A. Franz, Rick A. Reynolds, Hervé Claustre, Marcel Babin, Rüdiger Röttgers, Malgorzata Stramska, Michael S. Twardowski, S Kaczmarek, Marlon R. Lewis, Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Oceanology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Oceanography [Halifax] (DO), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Institute for Coastal Research, GKSS Research Center, Center for Hydro-Optics and Remote Sensing [San Diego] (CHORS), San Diego State University (SDSU), Department of Research, WET Labs, Marine Physical Lab., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Life, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Ocean gyre, lcsh:QH540-549.5, ddc:551, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, IOPS, Particulates, 16. Peace & justice, Ancillary data, Data set, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, Ocean color, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Upwelling, lcsh:Ecology, Empirical relationship
Abstract: We have examined several approaches for estimating the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon, POC, from optical measurements of spectral remote-sensing reflectance, Rrs(λ), using field data collected in tropical and subtropical waters of the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans. These approaches include a direct empirical relationship between POC and the blue-to-green band ratio of reflectance, Rrs(λB)/Rrs(555), and two-step algorithms that consist of relationships linking reflectance to an inherent optical property IOP (beam attenuation or backscattering coefficient) and POC to the IOP. We considered two-step empirical algorithms that exclusively include pairs of empirical relationships and two-step hybrid algorithms that consist of semianalytical models and empirical relationships. The surface POC in our data set ranges from about 10 mg m−3 within the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre to 270 mg m−3 in the Chilean upwelling area, and ancillary data suggest a considerable variation in the characteristics of particulate assemblages in the investigated waters. The POC algorithm based on the direct relationship between POC and Rrs(λB)/Rrs(555) promises reasonably good performance in the vast areas of the open ocean covering different provinces from hyperoligotrophic and oligotrophic waters within subtropical gyres to eutrophic coastal upwelling regimes characteristic of eastern ocean boundaries. The best error statistics were found for power function fits to the data of POC vs. Rrs(443)/Rrs(555) and POC vs. Rrs(490)/Rrs(555). For our data set that includes over 50 data pairs, these relationships are characterized by the mean normalized bias of about 2% and the normalized root mean square error of about 20%. We recommend that these algorithms be implemented for routine processing of ocean color satellite data to produce maps of surface POC with the status of an evaluation data product for continued work on algorithm development and refinements. The two-step algorithms also deserve further attention because they can utilize various models for estimating IOPs from reflectance, offer advantages for developing an understanding of bio-optical variability underlying the algorithms, and provide flexibility for regional or seasonal parameterizations of the algorithms.
Published: 2007
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27. Diurnal production of gaseous mercury in the alpine snowpack before snowmelt

Author: Christophe Ferrari, Daniel Obrist, Claude F. Boutron, Sylvain Grangeon, Johannes Fritsche, Xavier Faïn, Paolo Cescon, Ralf Ebinghaus, Carlo Barbante, Enno Bahlmann, Aurélien Dommergue, Warren R. L. Cairns, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel (Unibas), Desert Research Institute (DRI), Polytech' Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Physique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MERCURE, Atmospheric Science, mercury, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, ddc:551, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), alpine snow, Irradiation, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Meltwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Snowpack, Snow, Mercury (element), flux, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental chemistry, Snowmelt, Environmental science, UVB Radiation
Abstract: International audience; In March 2005, an extensive mercury study was performed just before snowmelt at Col de Porte, an alpine site close to Grenoble, France. Total mercury concentration in the snowpack ranged from 80 ± 08 to 160 ± 15 ng l−1, while reactive mercury was below detection limit (0.2 ng l−1). We observed simultaneously a production of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in the top layer of the snowpack and an emission flux from the snow surface to the atmosphere. Both phenomena were well correlated with solar irradiation, indicating photo-induced reactions in the snow interstitial air (SIA). The mean daily flux of GEM from the snowpack was estimated at ∼9 ng m−2 d−1. No depletion of GEM concentrations was observed in the SIA, suggesting no occurrence of oxidation processes. The presence of liquid water in the snowpack clearly enhanced GEM production in the SIA. Laboratory flux chamber measurements enabled us to confirm that GEM production from this alpine snowpack was first driven by solar radiation (especially UVA and UVB radiation), and then by liquid water in the snowpack. Finally, a large GEM emission from the snow surface occurred during snowmelt, and we report total mercury concentrations in meltwater of about 72 ng l−1.
Published: 2007
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28. Laboratory simulation of Hg0 emissions from a snowpack

Author: Christophe Ferrari, Claude F. Boutron, Aurélien Dommergue, Ralf Ebinghaus, Enno Bahlmann, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polytech' Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Physique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gaseous mercury, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Air, Flux chamber, chemistry.chemical_element, Elemental mercury, Photochemical reaction, 010501 environmental sciences, Snowpack, Snow, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Mercury (element), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Polar, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Snow surfaces play an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of mercury in high-latitude regions. Snowpacks act both as sources and sinks for gaseous compounds. Surprisingly, the roles of each environmental parameter that can govern the air–surface exchange over snow are not well understood owing to the lack of systematic studies. A laboratory system called the laboratory flux measurement system was used to study the emission of gaseous elemental mercury from a natural snowpack under controlled conditions. The first results from three snowpacks originating from alpine, urban and polar areas are presented. Consistent with observations in the field, we were able to reproduce gaseous mercury emissions and showed that they are mainly driven by solar radiation and especially UV-B radiation. From these laboratory experiments, we derived kinetic constants which show that divalent mercury can have a short natural lifetime of about 4–6 h in snow.
Published: 2007
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29. Mercury in the Atmosphere, Snow and Melt Water Ponds in the North Atlantic Ocean during Arctic Summer

Author: Torunn Berg, Xavier Faïn, Christian Temme, L Pierre-Alexis Gauchard, Katrine Aspmo, Christophe Ferrari, Grethe Wibetoe, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Chemistry [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Snow, Sea ice, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Meltwater, Atlantic Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Air Pollutants, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Arctic Regions, Atmosphere, Mercury Compounds, Mercury, General Chemistry, Arctic ice pack, Mercury (element), Oceanography, chemistry, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Seasons, Water Pollutants, Chemical, geographic locations, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Atmospheric mercury speciation measurements were performed during a 10 week Arctic summer expedition in the North Atlantic Ocean onboard the German research vessel RV Polarstern between June 15 and August 29, 2004. This expedition covered large areas of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans between latitudes 54 degrees N and 85 degrees N and longitudes 16 degrees W and 16 degrees E. Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and mercury associated with particles (Hg-P) were measured during this study. In addition, total mercury in surface snow and meltwater ponds located on sea ice floes was measured. GEM showed a homogeneous distribution over the open North Atlantic Ocean (median 1.53 +/- 0.12 ng/m3), which is in contrast to the higher concentrations of GEM observed over sea ice (median 1.82 +/- 0.24 ng/m3). It is hypothesized that this results from either (re-) emission of mercury contained in snow and ice surfaces that was previously deposited during atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDE) in the spring or evasion from the ocean due to increased reduction potential at high latitudes during Arctic summer. Measured concentrations of total mercury in surface snow and meltwater ponds were low (all samples10 ng/L), indicating that marginal accumulation of mercury occurs in these environmental compartments. Results also reveal low concentrations of RGM and Hg-P without a significant diurnal variability. These results indicate that the production and deposition of these reactive mercury species do not significantly contribute to the atmospheric mercury cycle in the North Atlantic Ocean during the Arctic summer.
Published: 2006
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30. Study of diffusion coefficient of water and homologous series of primary alcohols in PEBA membranes by NMR

Author: Scharnagl, Nico, Stribeck, Norbert, Barbi, Veroni, GKSS Research Center, University of Hamburg, and Universität Leipzig
Subjects: diffusion, transport, ddc:530
Published: 2005

31. Snow-to-air exchanges of mercury in an Arctic seasonal snow pack in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

Author: Katrine Aspmo, Christophe Ferrari, Sonia Nagorski, Alexandra Steffen, C. M. Banic, Olivier Magand, Claude F. Boutron, Christian Temme, Pierre-Alexis Gauchard, Ralf Ebinghaus, Enno Bahlmann, Aurélien Dommergue, Frédéric Planchon, Torunn Berg, Paolo Cescon, Carlo Barbante, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polytech' Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Chemistry [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, Air Quality Research Branch, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], UFR de Mécanique et de Physique, French Polar Institute I.P.E.V. [Institut Paul-Emile Victor, program CHIMERPOL 399], the A.D.E.M.E. (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, Programme 0162020), French Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, CNRS, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Quasi-liquid layer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Flux, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Permafrost, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, Snow, Incorporation, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Snow grains, Production, Exchange, Mercury, Mercury (element), Arctic, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Snowmelt, Climatology, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; The study of mercury (Hg) cycle in Arctic regions is a major subject of concern due to the dramatic increases of Hg concentrations in ecosystem in the last few decades. The causes of such increases are still in debate, and an important way to improve our knowledge on the subject is to study the exchanges of Hg between atmosphere and snow during springtime. We organized an international study from 10 April to 10 May 2003 in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, in order to assess these fluxes through measurements and derived calculations. Snow-to-air emission fluxes of Hg were measured using the flux chamber technique between 0 and 50 ng m−2 h−1. A peak in Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) emission flux from the snow to the atmosphere has been measured just few hours after an Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Event (AMDE) recorded on 22 April 2004. Surprisingly, this peak in GEM emitted after this AMDE did not correspond to any increase in Hg concentration in snow surface. A peak in GEM flux after an AMDE was observed only for this single event but not for the four other AMDEs recorded during this spring period. In the snow pack which is seasonal and about 40 cm depth above permafrost, Hg is involved in both production and incorporation processes. The incorporation was evaluated to 5-40 pg m2 h. Outside of AMDE periods, Hg flux from the snow surface to the atmosphere was the consequence of GEM production in the air of snow and was about 15-50 ng m−2 h−1, with a contribution of deeper snow layers evaluated to 0.3-6.5 ng m−2 h−1. The major part of GEM production is then mainly a surface phenomenon. The internal production of GEM was largely increasing when snow temperatures were close to melting, indicating a chemical process occurring in the quasi-liquid layer at the surface of snow grains.
Published: 2005
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32. Henry's law constants measurements of the nonylphenol isomer 4 (3′,5′-dimethyl-3′-heptyl)-phenol, tertiary octylphenol and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane between 278 and 298 K

Author: Ralph Vinken, Ralf Ebinghaus, Wolfgang Ruck, Thomas G. Preuß, Zhiyong Xie, Stéphane Le Calvé, Valérie Feigenbrugel, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de géochimie de la surface (CGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, and Leuphana University of Lueneburg
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Trimethylsilyl, Enthalpy, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nonylphenol isomers, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Air/water exchange, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Henry's law constant, Solvation, Diastereomer, Tertiary octylphenol, BSTFA, Nonylphenol, Henry's law, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Partition coefficient, Chemistry, chemistry, 13. Climate action
Abstract: Henry's Law Constants (HLC, M atm(-1)) were determined for the diastereomeric mixture of the nonylphenol isomer 4(3',5'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl)-phenol diastereomers (NP353(+) and NP353(-)), tertiary octylphenol (t-OP) and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) in artificial seawater over a temperature range 278-298K using a dynamic equilibrium system Trace organic substances present in the gas phase were trapped by tandem XAD-2 cartridges and extracted with a soxhlet extractor. The extracts were derivatived with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), and then analyzed with GC-MS in the selective ion mode. At 293 K and in artificial seawater, HLC (M atm(-1)) were found to be equal to: NP353(+), HLC = (483 +/- 169); NP353(-), HLC = (551 +/- 193); t-OP, HLC = (400 +/- 140); gamma-HCH, HLC = (876 +/- 307). The obtained data were used to derive the following Van't Hoff expressions: In HLC (NP353(+)) = 8.73 (+/- 0.95) x (1000/T) -23.61 (+/- 3.30); In HLC (NP353(-)) = 8.61 (+/- 0.91)x(1000/T)-23.08 (+/- 3.18); In HLC (t-OP) = 9.03 (+/- 1.40)x(1000/T)-24.83 (+/- 4.86); In HLC (gamma-HCH)= 6.17 (+/- 1.08) x (1000/T)-14.28 (+/- 3.75). The derived enthalpies of solvation for NP353(+), NP353(-), t-OP and gamma-HCH are -72.6 +/- 7.9, -71.6 +/- 7.6, -75.1 +/- 11.5 and -51.3 +/- 9.0 kJmol(-1), respectively. The HLC measurements of gamma-HCH, which was used as reference substance, were in good agreement with literature values and its corresponding derived enthalpy of solvation agrees well to the previous values reported in the literature. A reassessment of the air/water gas exchange based on experimentally derived HLC was made for the nonylphenol (NP) in the Lower Hudson River estuary (New York/New Jersey, USA) that was previously reported by Van Ry. A net atmospheric deposition was calculated for the gas exchange of NP in the Lower Bay (Ff(w) = 0.13), and it nearly reaches the condition of equilibrium in the Upper Bay (Ff(w) = 0.46). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Henry's Law Constants (HLC, M atm(-1)) were determined for the diastereomeric mixture of the nonylphenol isomer 4(3',5'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl)-phenol diastereomers (NP353(+) and NP353(-)), tertiary octylphenol (t-OP) and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) in artificial seawater over a temperature range 278-298K using a dynamic equilibrium system Trace organic substances present in the gas phase were trapped by tandem XAD-2 cartridges and extracted with a soxhlet extractor. The extracts were derivatived with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), and then analyzed with GC-MS in the selective ion mode. At 293 K and in artificial seawater, HLC (M atm(-1)) were found to be equal to: NP353(+), HLC = (483 +/- 169); NP353(-), HLC = (551 +/- 193); t-OP, HLC = (400 +/- 140); gamma-HCH, HLC = (876 +/- 307). The obtained data were used to derive the following Van't Hoff expressions: In HLC (NP353(+)) = 8.73 (+/- 0.95) x (1000/T) -23.61 (+/- 3.30); In HLC (NP353(-)) = 8.61 (+/- 0.91)x(1000/T)-23.08 (+/- 3.18); In HLC (t-OP) = 9.03 (+/- 1.40)x(1000/T)-24.83 (+/- 4.86); In HLC (gamma-HCH)= 6.17 (+/- 1.08) x (1000/T)-14.28 (+/- 3.75). The derived enthalpies of solvation for NP353(+), NP353(-), t-OP and gamma-HCH are -72.6 +/- 7.9, -71.6 +/- 7.6, -75.1 +/- 11.5 and -51.3 +/- 9.0 kJmol(-1), respectively. The HLC measurements of gamma-HCH, which was used as reference substance, were in good agreement with literature values and its corresponding derived enthalpy of solvation agrees well to the previous values reported in the literature. A reassessment of the air/water gas exchange based on experimentally derived HLC was made for the nonylphenol (NP) in the Lower Hudson River estuary (New York/New Jersey, USA) that was previously reported by Van Ry. A net atmospheric deposition was calculated for the gas exchange of NP in the Lower Bay (Ff(w) = 0.13), and it nearly reaches the condition of equilibrium in the Upper Bay (Ff(w) = 0.46). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2004
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33. 31 Years of Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation

Author: H Niimi, Jean-François Stoltz, Sandro Forconi, F Jung, Center for Biomaterial Development and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Institute for Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center GmbH, Teltow, Germany, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, 0206 medical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, History, 21st Century, Microcirculation, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, MESH: Microcirculation, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Humans, business.industry, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Hematology, History, 20th Century, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020601 biomedical engineering, MESH: Hemorheology, Hemorheology, Cardiology, MESH: History, 20th Century, Periodicals as Topic, MESH: History, 21st Century, 0210 nano-technology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH: Periodicals as Topic
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2013
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34. The potential of polarization measurements from space at mm and sub-mm wavelengths for determining cirrus cloud parameters

Author: Alexander A. Kokhanovsky, K.-P. Johnsen, Stefan A. Buehler, Jungang Miao, EGU, Publication, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, and GKSS Research Center Geesthacht GmbH
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Physics, Atmospheric Science, Ice crystals, business.industry, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Aerospace Engineering, Polarization (waves), lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, Wavelength, Rymd- och flygteknik, Optics, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, lcsh:QD1-999, Brightness temperature, ddc:551, Millimeter, Cirrus, Particle size, business, lcsh:Physics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract: The millimeter and sub-millimeter waves have been attracting a lot of attention recently in the cloud remote sensing community. This is largely because of their potential use in measuring cirrus cloud parameters with airborne or space-borne radiometers. In this study, we examine the possibility of using polarization measurements in this frequency range to get information on the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds. By using a simple radiative transfer model, we calculated the brightness temperature differences at the vertical and horizontal polarization channels for the following seven frequencies: 90, 157, 220, 340, 463, 683, and 874 GHz. The ice crystals in cirrus clouds are modeled with nearly spherical particles, circular cylinder, and circular plate, as well as with mixtures of these types. We found that the polarization difference signal shows a unique "resonance'' feature with the change of ice particle characteristic size: it has a strong response only in a certain range of ice particle size, beyond that range it approaches zero. The size range where this resonance happens depends to a large extent on particle shape and aspect ratio, but to a much less extent on particle orientation. This resonance feature appears even when ice clouds are composed of a mixture of ice crystals in different shapes, although the magnitude and the position of the resonance peak may change, depending on how the mixture is made. Oriented particles generally show larger polarization difference than randomly oriented ones, and plates have larger polarization difference than cylinders. However, the state of particle orientation has a significantly stronger effect on the polarization difference than the particle shape (cylinder or plate). This makes it difficult to distinguish particle shapes using millimeter and sub-millimeter radiometric measurements, if there is no information available on particle orientations. However, if the state of particle shape mixture can be predetermined by other approaches, polarization measurements can help to determine ice particle characteristic size and orientation. This information, in turn, will benefit our retrieval of the ice water path of cirrus clouds.
Published: 2003
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35. The study of the mercury cycle in polar regions: An international study in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

Author: Christophe Ferrari, Pierre-Alexis Gauchard, Olivier Magand, Katrine Aspmo, Christian Temme, Alexandra Steffen, Torunn Berg, Johan Strom, Aurelien Dommergue, Enno Bahlmann, Frédéric Planchon, Ralf Ebinghaus, Cathy Banic, Sonia Nagorski, Patrick Baussand, Pierre Amato, Xavier Fain, Raphaelle Hennebelle, Delort, A. M., Martine Sancelme, Warren Cairns, Carlo Barbante, Paolo Cescon, Lars Kaleschke, Claude Boutron, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, Air Quality Research Branch, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institute of Applied Environmental Research (ITM), Stockholm University, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Groupe de Recherche sur l'Environnement et la Chimie Atmosphérique (GRECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), SEESIB, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Synthèse et étude de systèmes à intêret biologique (SEESIB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, human activities
Abstract: International audience; Mercury (Hg) is a toxic pollutant and it can be strongly accumulated in the food chain, especially in Polar Regions. This paper presents a part of the work that has been on-going for 3-4 years in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard within the frame of an international collaboration. In Ny-Alesund in spring 2003, the atmospheric chemistry of mercury has been studied so as to better understand the formation of oxidized mercury species in the atmosphere that could be deposited onto snow surfaces. The role of snow as a potential source of mercury to the atmosphere or as a sink has also been approached to better understand the behavior of this metal. Chemical and biological processes seem to play a major role in Hg storage in snow. When melting, snow could be a major source of Hg into the various ecosystems and this toxin could therefore be accumulated into the food chain.

36. Multi-level synchrotron radiation-based microtomography of the dental alveolus and its consequences for orthodontics.

Author: Dalstra M, Cattaneo PM, Laursen MG, Beckmann F, and Melsen B
Subjects: Adult, Bone Remodeling, Finite Element Analysis, Humans, Male, Orthodontics, Synchrotrons, X-Ray Microtomography, Young Adult, Jaw diagnostic imaging, Periodontal Ligament diagnostic imaging, Tooth Root diagnostic imaging
Abstract: Multilevel synchrotron radiation-based microtomography has been performed on a human jaw segment obtained at autopsy by cutting increasingly smaller samples from the original segment. The focus of this study lay on the microstructure of the interface between root, periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone in order to find an answer to the question why alveolar bone remodels during orthodontic loading, when the associated stress and strain levels calculated with finite element analyses are well below the established threshold levels for bone remodeling. While the inner surface of the alveolus appears to be rather smooth on the lower resolution scans, detailed scans of the root-PDL-bone interface reveal that on a microscopical scale it is actually quite rough and uneven with bony spiculae protruding into the PDL space. Any external (orthodontic) loading applied to the root, when transferred through the PDL to the alveolar bone, will cause stress concentrations in these spiculae, rather than be distributed over a "smooth surface". As osteocyte lacunae are shown to be present in these spiculae, the local amplified stresses and strain can well be registered by the mechano-sensory network of osteocytes. In addition, a second stress amplification mechanism, due to the very presence of the lacunae themselves, is evidence that stresses and strains calculated with FE analyses, based on macroscopical scale models of teeth and their supporting structures, grossly underestimate the actual mechanical loading of alveolar bone at tissue level. It is therefore hypothesized that remodeling of alveolar bone is subject to the same biological regulatory process as remodeling in other bones., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2015
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37. Morphological and molecular evidence converge upon a robust phylogeny of the megadiverse Holometabola.

Author: Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Hörnschemeyer T, Pohl H, Hünefeld F, Beckmann F, Meier R, Misof B, Whiting MF, and Vilhelmsen L
Abstract: We present the largest morphological character set ever compiled for Holometabola. This was made possible through an optimized acquisition of data. Based on our analyses and recently published hypotheses based on molecular data, we discuss higher-level phylogeny and evolutionary changes. We comment on the information content of different character systems and discuss the role of morphology in the age of phylogenomics. Microcomputer tomography in combination with other techniques proved highly efficient for acquiring and documenting morphological data. Detailed anatomical information (356 characters) is now available for 30 representatives of all holometabolan orders. A combination of traditional and novel techniques complemented each other and rapidly provided reliable data. In addition, our approach facilitates documenting the anatomy of model organisms. Our results show little congruence with studies based on rRNA, but confirm most clades retrieved in a recent study based on nuclear genes: Holometabola excluding Hymenoptera, Coleopterida (= Strepsiptera + Coleoptera), Neuropterida excl. Neuroptera, and Mecoptera. Mecopterida (= Antliophora + Amphiesmenoptera) was retrieved only in Bayesian analyses. All orders except Megaloptera are monophyletic. Problems in the analyses are caused by taxa with numerous autapomorphies and/or inapplicable character states due to the loss of major structures (such as wings). Different factors have contributed to the evolutionary success of various holometabolan lineages. It is likely that good flying performance, the ability to occupy different habitats as larvae and adults, parasitism, liquid feeding, and co-evolution with flowering plants have played important roles. We argue that even in the "age of phylogenomics", comparative morphology will still play a vital role. In addition, morphology is essential for reconstructing major evolutionary transformations at the phenotypic level, for testing evolutionary scenarios, and for placing fossil taxa. © The Willi Hennig Society 2010., (© The Willi Hennig Society 2010.)
Published: 2011
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38. Critical hematocrit and oxygen partial pressure in the beating heart of pigs.

Author: Hiebl B, Mrowietz C, Ploetze K, Matschke K, and Jung F
Subjects: Animals, Blood Pressure, Female, Gelatin administration & dosage, Heart Rate, Infusions, Intravenous, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Myocardial Ischemia etiology, Partial Pressure, Plasma Substitutes administration & dosage, Succinates administration & dosage, Swine, Time Factors, Hematocrit, Hemodilution adverse effects, Myocardial Ischemia blood, Myocardium metabolism, Oxygen metabolism, Oxygen Consumption
Abstract: In cardiac surgery the substitution of lost blood volume by plasma substitutes is a common therapeutical approach. None of the currently available blood substitutes has a sufficient oxygen transport capacity. This can limit the functional integrity of the myocardium known as highly oxygen consumptive. The study was aimed to get information about the minimal hematocrit, also known as critical hematocrit (cHct), which guarantees a stable and adequate oxygen partial pressure in the myocardium (pO2). In adult female pigs (n=7) the hematocrit was reduced by isovolemic blood dilution with an intravenous infusion of isotonic 4% gelatine polysuccinate solution, The substituted blood volume ranged between 3000ml and 7780ml (mean: 5254±1672ml). In all animals the pO2 of the myocardium of the beating heart and of the resting skeletal muscle increased until blood dilution resulted in a Hct decrease down to 15%. Further blood dilution resulted in a decrease of the pO2. Only after the Hct was <10% the pO2 was lower than before blood dilution and accompanied by a lethal ischemia of the myocardium. These data indicate a cHct of about 10% in the pig animal model., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2010
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39. Polyfluorinated compounds in residential and nonresidential indoor air.

Author: Langer V, Dreyer A, and Ebinghaus R
Subjects: Acrylates analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor statistics & numerical data, Fluorocarbon Polymers, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Housing, Humans, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated analysis, Polyurethanes analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons analysis
Abstract: Indoor air concentrations of fifteen volatile per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (five fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), three fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs), three perfluorinated sulfonamido ethanols (FASEs), and three perfluorinated sulfonamides (FASAs)) were determined in residential and nonresidential indoor air environments. Air samples were taken with passive samplers, consisting of XAD-4 impregnated polyurethane foam (PUF) disks in steel housings. Impregnated PUF disks were extracted by fluidized bed extraction (FBE) using methyl-tert-butyl ether/acetone (1:1) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total PFC indoor air concentrations ranged from 8.2 to 458 ng m(-3). Individual PFC concentrations were between 42 pg m(-3) (6:2 FTA) and 209 ng m(-3) (8:2 FTOH). Concentrations of total FTOHs, FTAs, and FASAs + FASEs ranged from 0.2 to 152 ng m(-3) (FTAs), from 3.3 to 307 ng m(-3) (FTOHs), and from 4.4 to 148 ng m(-3) (FASAs + FASEs). Most elevated individual, group, and total PFC concentrations were detected in two stores selling outdoor equipment, one furniture shop, and one carpet shop. Indoor air concentrations were several orders of magnitude higher than published outdoor air concentrations indicating indoor air environments as sources for PFCs to the atmosphere. Concentrations were used to estimate human exposure to investigated PFCs.
Published: 2010
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40. First health and pollution study on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) living in the German Elbe estuary.

Author: Kakuschke A, Valentine-Thon E, Griesel S, Gandrass J, Perez Luzardo O, Dominguez Boada L, Zumbado Peña M, Almeida González M, Grebe M, Pröfrock D, Erbsloeh HB, Kramer K, Fonfara S, and Prange A
Subjects: Animals, Germany, Health Status, Hematologic Tests veterinary, Male, Metals, Heavy blood, Phoca blood, Rivers, Water Pollutants, Chemical blood, Metals, Heavy analysis, Phoca physiology, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, gamma-Globulins analysis
Abstract: The Elbe is one of the major rivers releasing pollutants into the coastal areas of the German North Sea. Its estuary represents the habitat of a small population of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Only little is known about the health status and contamination levels of these seals. Therefore, a first-ever seal catch was organized next to the islands of Neuwerk and Scharhörn in the region of the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park. The investigations included a broad set of health parameters and the analysis of metals and organic pollutants in blood samples. Compared to animals of other Wadden Sea areas, the seals showed higher γ-globulin levels, suggesting higher concentrations of pathogens in this near-urban area, elevated concentrations for several metals in particular for V, Sn, Pb, and Sr, and comparable ranges for chlorinated organic contaminants, except for elevated levels of hexachlorobenzene, which indicates characteristic inputs from the Elbe., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2010
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41. Against politicization of science: Comment on S. Keller: Scientization: putting global climate change on the scientific agenda since 1970 and the role of the IPCC.

Author: von Storch H and Bray D
Published: 2010
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42. Comparing techniques for drug loading of shape-memory polymer networks--effect on their functionalities.

Author: Wischke C, Neffe AT, Steuer S, and Lendlein A
Subjects: Solutions, Polymers chemistry
Abstract: A family of oligo[(epsilon-caprolactone)-co-glycolide]dimethacrylate (oCG-DMA) derived networks of different glycolide contents as well as precursor molecular weights has been synthesized by crosslinking oCG-DMA, providing matrices of different hydrophilicity, network density, and morphology at body temperature. Such networks were loaded with a hydrophilic model drug, ethacridine lactate, either before crosslinking or afterwards by swelling in drug solution. Disadvantageous alterations of the shape-memory functionality and degradation characteristics were observed only in few loaded materials. Loading by swelling generally resulted in low payloads, which slightly increased for more hydrophilic polymer networks, and a substantial burst and fast subsequent release for all investigated materials. Loading before crosslinking gave almost no burst and higher subsequent release rates over longer periods of time. Overall, depending on the needs of a specific application, a material from this polymer family with the desired mechanical properties, shape-memory functionality, and degradation pattern can be selected and combined with drugs when considering that (i) loading by swelling is best suited for applications that require high initial doses and (ii) loading before crosslinking allows easy variation of payloads and low burst release for therapeutics that are non-sensitive to chemical alterations during crosslinking., (Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2010
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43. AB-polymer networks with cooligoester and poly(n-butyl acrylate) segments as a multifunctional matrix for controlled drug release.

Author: Wischke C, Neffe AT, Steuer S, Engelhardt E, and Lendlein A
Subjects: Acrylates, Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Polyesters chemistry, Prostheses and Implants, Structure-Activity Relationship, Delayed-Action Preparations chemistry, Polymers chemistry
Abstract: Semi-crystalline AB-copolymer networks from oligo[(epsilon-caprolactone)-co-glycolide]dimethacrylates and n-butylacrylate have recently been shown to exhibit a shape-memory functionality, which may be used for self-deploying and anchoring of implants. In this study, a family of such materials differing in their molar glycolide contents chi(G) was investigated to determine structure-property functional relationships of unloaded and drug loaded specimens. Drug loading and release were evaluated, as well as their degradation behavior in vitro and in vivo. Higher chi(G) resulted in higher loading levels by swelling and a faster release of ethacridine lactate, lower melting temperature of polymer crystallites, and a decrease in shape fixity ratio of the programmed temporary shape. For unloaded networks, the material behavior in vivo was independent of the mechanical load associated with different implantation sites and agreed well with data from in vitro degradation studies. Thus, AB networks could be used as novel matrices for biofunctional implants, e.g., for urogenital applications, which can self-anchor in vivo and provide mechanical support, release drugs, and finally degrade in the body to excretable fragments.
Published: 2010
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44. In Situ X-Ray Scattering Studies of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Networks with Grafted Poly(ethylene glycol) Chains to Investigate Structural Changes during Dual- and Triple-Shape Effect.

Author: Wagermaier W, Zander T, Hofmann D, Kratz K, Narendra Kumar U, and Lendlein A
Abstract: The dual- and triple-shape effects of multiphase polymer networks that contain two crystallizable chain segments have been assessed in situ by combining X-ray measurements with thermomechanical investigations. The studied polymer, named CLEG, is a multiphase polymer network of crystallizable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains. Wide-angle (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were combined with temperature-controlled in situ tensile testing experiments. This integrated approach enables systematic investigation and interpretation of relevant structural features during the programming procedures and the thermally-induced recovery process. Main results concern the combined effect of PCL and PEG crystals on shape fixation, the specific role of low-melting PCL crystallites in the fixation of the low temperature temporary shape, and the different orientation behavior of PCL and PEG crystals during certain stages of the programming procedure. These results demonstrate that crystal orientation effects are dominant for the PCL crystals. The effects of the low temperature PCL crystals could only be investigated when synchrotron radiation was applied. These findings indicate the great potential of in situ X-ray investigations for the creation of design-relevant knowledge about the microscopic foundations of dual- and triple-shape effects in appropriate polymer systems., (Copyright © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
Published: 2010
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45. Polymers in biomedicine and electronics.

Author: Lendlein A, Rehahn M, Buchmeiser MR, and Haag R
Published: 2010
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46. Knowledge-based tailoring of gelatin-based materials by functionalization with tyrosine-derived groups.

Author: Neffe AT, Zaupa A, Pierce BF, Hofmann D, and Lendlein A
Abstract: Molecular models of gelatin-based materials formed the basis for the knowledge-based design of a physically cross-linked polymer system. The computational models with 25 wt.-% water content were validated by comparison of the calculated structural properties with experimental data and were then used as predictive tools to study chain organization, cross-link formation, and estimation of mechanical properties. The introduced tyrosine-derived side groups, desaminotyrosine (DAT) and desaminotyrosyl tyrosine (DATT), led to the reduction of the residual helical conformation and to the formation of physical net-points by π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds. At 25 wt.-% water content, the simulated and experimentally determined mechanical properties were in the same order of magnitude. The degree of swelling in water decreased with increasing the number of inserted aromatic functions, while Young's modulus, elongation at break, and maximum tensile strength increased., (Copyright © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
Published: 2010
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47. Cytocompatibility testing of cell culture modules fabricated from specific candidate biomaterials using injection molding.

Author: Hiebl B, Lützow K, Lange M, Jung F, Seifert B, Klein F, Weigel T, Kratz K, and Lendlein A
Subjects: Animals, Cell Proliferation, Cell Shape, Cells, Cultured, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Membranes, Artificial, Mice, Polycarboxylate Cement adverse effects, Polycarboxylate Cement chemistry, Polystyrenes adverse effects, Polystyrenes chemistry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Surface Properties, Cell Culture Techniques instrumentation, Manufactured Materials adverse effects, Materials Testing, Polymers adverse effects, Polymers chemistry
Abstract: Most polymers used in clinical applications today are materials that have been developed originally for application areas other than biomedicine. Testing the cell- and tissue-compatibility of novel materials in vitro and in vivo is of key importance for the approval of medical devices and is regulated according to the Council Directive 93/42/EEC of the European communities concerning medical devices. In the standardized testing methods the testing sample is placed in commercially available cell culture plates, which are often made from polystyrene. Thus not only the testing sample itself influences cell behavior but also the culture vessel material. In order to exclude this influence, a new system for cell testing will be presented allowing a more precise and systematic investigation by preparing tailored inserts which are made of the testing material. Inserts prepared from polystyrene, polycarbonate and poly(ether imide) were tested for their cytotoxity and cell adherence. Furthermore a proof of principle concerning the preparation of inserts with a membrane-like surface structure and its surface modification was established. Physicochemical investigations revealed a similar morphology and showed to be very similar to the findings to analogous preparations and modifications of flat-sheet membranes., (Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2010
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48. Shape-memory polymers as drug carriers--a multifunctional system.

Author: Wischke C and Lendlein A
Subjects: Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Drug Carriers chemistry, Polymers chemistry
Published: 2010
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49. Interaction of an antimicrobial peptide with membranes: experiments and simulations with NKCS.

Author: Gofman Y, Linser S, Rzeszutek A, Shental-Bechor D, Funari SS, Ben-Tal N, and Willumeit R
Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence, Circular Dichroism, Molecular Sequence Data, Scattering, Radiation, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Anti-Infective Agents chemistry, Membranes, Artificial, Peptides chemistry
Abstract: We used Monte Carlo simulations and biophysical measurements to study the interaction of NKCS, a derivative of the antimicrobial peptide NK-2, with a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) membrane. The simulations showed that NKCS adsorbed on the membrane surface and the dominant conformation featured two amphipathic helices connected by a hinge region. We designed two mutants in the hinge to investigate the interplay between helicity and membrane affinity. Simulations with a Leu-to-Pro substitution showed that the helicity and membrane affinity of the mutant (NKCS-[LP]) decreased. Two Ala residues were added to NKCS to produce a sequence that is compatible with a continuous amphipathic helix structure (NKCS-[AA]), and the simulations showed that the mutant adsorbed on the membrane surface with a particularly high affinity. The circular dichroism spectra of the three peptides also showed that NKCS-[LP] is the least helical and NKCS-[AA] is the most. However, the activity of the peptides, determined in terms of their antimicrobial potency and influence on the temperature of the transition of the lipid to hexagonal phase, displayed a complex behavior: NKCS-[LP] was the least potent and had the smallest influence on the transition temperature, and NKCS was the most potent and had the largest effect on the temperature.
Published: 2010
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50. Melt-processable hydrophobic acrylonitrile-based copolymer systems with adjustable elastic properties designed for biomedical applications.

Author: Cui J, Trescher K, Kratz K, Jung F, Hiebl B, and Lendlein A
Subjects: Biocompatible Materials chemical synthesis, Biocompatible Materials therapeutic use, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Materials Testing, Mechanical Phenomena, Polymers therapeutic use, Porosity, Tissue Engineering methods, Acrylonitrile, Elasticity, Polymers chemical synthesis
Abstract: Acrylonitrile-based polymer systems (PAN) are comprehensively explored as versatile biomaterials having various potential biomedical applications, such as membranes for extra corporal devices or matrixes for guided skin reconstruction. The surface properties (e.g. hydrophilicity or charges) of such materials can be tailored over a wide range by variation of molecular parameters such as different co-monomers or their sequence structure. Some of these materials show interesting biofunctionalities such as capability for selective cell cultivation. So far, the majority of AN-based copolymers, which were investigated in physiological environments, were processed from the solution (e.g. membranes), as these materials are thermo-sensitive and might degrade when heated. In this work we aimed at the synthesis of hydrophobic, melt-processable AN-based copolymers with adjustable elastic properties for preparation of model scaffolds with controlled pore geometry and size. For this purpose a series of copolymers from acrylonitrile and n-butyl acrylate (nBA) was synthesized via free radical copolymerisation technique. The content of nBA in the copolymer varied from 45 wt% to 70 wt%, which was confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the P(AN-co-nBA) copolymers determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) decreased from 58 degrees C to 20 degrees C with increasing nBA-content, which was in excellent agreement with the prediction of the Gordon-Taylor equation based on the Tgs of the homopolymers. The Young's modulus obtained in tensile tests was found to decrease significantly with rising nBA-content from 1062 MPa to 1.2 MPa. All copolymers could be successfully processed from the melt with processing temperatures ranging from 50 degrees C to 170 degrees C, whereby thermally induced decomposition was only observed at temperatures higher than 320 degrees C in thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the melt processed P(AN-co-nBA) biomaterials were sterilized with ethylene oxide and tested for cytotoxicity in direct contact tests with L929 cells according to the EN DIN ISO standard 10993-5. All tested samples exhibited non-toxic effects on the functional integrity of the cell membrane and the mitochondrial activity. However, the morphology of the cells on the samples was different from that observed on polystyrene as control, indicating slightly cytotoxic effects according to the evaluation guide of the US Pharmacopeial Convention. Thus, the melt-processable, hydrophobic P(AN-co-nBA) copolymers with adjustable mechanical properties are promising candidates for in vitro investigations of tissue growth kinetics.
Published: 2010
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