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17 results on '"Galan, Pablo"'

1. Hyperspectral Dataset and Deep Learning methods for Waste from Electric and Electronic Equipment Identification (WEEE)

Author

Picon, Artzai, Galan, Pablo, Bereciartua-Perez, Arantza, and Benito-del-Valle, Leire

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Hyperspectral imaging, a rapidly evolving field, has witnessed the ascendancy of deep learning techniques, supplanting classical feature extraction and classification methods in various applications. However, many researchers employ arbitrary architectures for hyperspectral image processing, often without rigorous analysis of the interplay between spectral and spatial information. This oversight neglects the implications of combining these two modalities on model performance. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of diverse deep learning architectures for hyperspectral image segmentation. Our analysis disentangles the impact of different architectures, spanning various spectral and spatial granularities. Specifically, we investigate the effects of spectral resolution (capturing spectral information) and spatial texture (conveying spatial details) on segmentation outcomes. Additionally, we explore the transferability of knowledge from large pre-trained image foundation models, originally designed for RGB images, to the hyperspectral domain. Results show that incorporating spatial information alongside spectral data leads to improved segmentation results, and that it is essential to further work on novel architectures comprising spectral and spatial information and on the adaption of RGB foundation models into the hyperspectral domain. Furthermore, we contribute to the field by cleaning and publicly releasing the Tecnalia WEEE Hyperspectral dataset. This dataset contains different non-ferrous fractions of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), including Copper, Brass, Aluminum, Stainless Steel, and White Copper, spanning the range of 400 to 1000 nm. We expect these conclusions can guide novel researchers in the field of hyperspectral imaging.

Published
2024

3. An Intangible Asset Management Proposal Based on ISO 55001 and ISO 30401 for Knowledge Management

Author

González-Prida, Vicente, Guillén, Antonio, Parra, Carlos, Candón, Eduardo, Martínez-Galán, Pablo, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Series Editor, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, di Mare, Francesca, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Kwon, Young W., Series Editor, Trojanowska, Justyna, Series Editor, Pinto, João Onofre Pereira, editor, Kimpara, Marcio Luiz Magri, editor, Reis, Renata Rezende, editor, Seecharan, Turuna, editor, Upadhyaya, Belle R., editor, and Amadi-Echendu, Joe, editor

Published
2022
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4. Topology-Based Model of Survivability in Network Utilities

Author

Martínez-Galán, Pablo, Gómez, Juan F., Crespo, Adolfo, de la Fuente, Antonio, González-Prida, Vicente, Guillén, Antonio, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Series Editor, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Kwon, Young W., Series Editor, Trojanowska, Justyna, Series Editor, Liyanage, Jayantha P., editor, Amadi-Echendu, Joe, editor, and Mathew, Joseph, editor

Published
2020
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7. Quantum time uncertainty in Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black holes

Author

Galan, Pablo, Garay, Luis J., and Marugan, Guillermo A. Mena

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

The combined action of gravity and quantum mechanics gives rise to a minimum time uncertainty in the lowest order approximation of a perturbative scheme, in which quantum effects are regarded as corrections to the classical spacetime geometry. From the nonperturbative point of view, both gravity and quantum mechanics are treated on equal footing in a description that already contains all possible backreaction effects as those above in a nonlinear manner. In this paper, the existence or not of such minimum time uncertainty is analyzed in the context of Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black holes using the isolated horizon formalism. We show that from a perturbative point of view, a nonzero time uncertainty is generically present owing to the energy scale introduced by the cosmological constant, while in a quantization scheme that includes nonperturbatively the effects of that scale, an arbitrarily high time resolution can be reached., Comment: 10 pages, version published in Physical Review D

Published
2007
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8. Canonical Realizations of Doubly Special Relativity

Author

Galan, Pablo and Marugan, Guillermo A. Mena

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Doubly Special Relativity is usually formulated in momentum space, providing the explicit nonlinear action of the Lorentz transformations that incorporates the deformation of boosts. Various proposals have appeared in the literature for the associated realization in position space. While some are based on noncommutative geometries, others respect the compatibility of the spacetime coordinates. Among the latter, there exist several proposals that invoke in different ways the completion of the Lorentz transformations into canonical ones in phase space. In this paper, the relationship between all these canonical proposals is clarified, showing that in fact they are equivalent. The generalized uncertainty principles emerging from these canonical realizations are also discussed in detail, studying the possibility of reaching regimes where the behavior of suitable position and momentum variables is classical, and explaining how one can reconstruct a canonical realization of doubly special relativity starting just from a basic set of commutators. In addition, the extension to general relativity is considered, investigating the kind of gravity's rainbow that arises from this canonical realization and comparing it with the gravity's rainbow formalism put forward by Magueijo and Smolin, which was obtained from a commutative but noncanonical realization in position space., Comment: 18 pages, accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D

Published
2007
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9. Entropy and temperature of black holes in a gravity's rainbow

Author

Galan, Pablo and Marugan, Guillermo A. Mena

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

The linear relation between the entropy and area of a black hole can be derived from the Heisenberg principle, the energy-momentum dispersion relation of special relativity, and general considerations about black holes. There exist results in quantum gravity and related contexts suggesting the modification of the usual dispersion relation and uncertainty principle. One of these contexts is the gravity's rainbow formalism. We analyze the consequences of such a modification for black hole thermodynamics from the perspective of two distinct rainbow realizations built from doubly special relativity. One is the proposal of Magueijo and Smolin and the other is based on a canonical implementation of doubly special relativity put forward recently by the authors. In these scenarios, we obtain modified expressions for the entropy and temperature of black holes. We show that, for a family of doubly special relativity theories satisfying certain properties, the temperature can vanish in the limit of zero black hole mass. For the Magueijo and Smolin proposal, this is only possible for some restricted class of models with bounded energy and unbounded momentum. With the proposal of a canonical implementation, on the other hand, the temperature may vanish for more general theories; in particular, the momentum may also be bounded, with bounded or unbounded energy. This opens new possibilities for the outcome of black hole evaporation in the framework of a gravity's rainbow., Comment: 11 pages, 2 new references added, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2006
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10. Length Uncertainty in a Gravity's Rainbow Formalism

Author

Galan, Pablo and Marugan, Guillermo A. Mena

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

It is commonly accepted that the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity gives rise to the emergence of a minimum uncertainty both in space and time. The arguments that support this conclusion are mainly based on perturbative approaches to the quantization, in which the gravitational interactions of the matter content are described as corrections to a classical background. In a recent paper, we analyzed the existence of a minimum time uncertainty in the framework of doubly special relativity. In this framework, the standard definition of the energy-momentum of particles is modified appealing to possible quantum gravitational effects, which are not necessarily perturbative. Demanding that this modification be completed into a canonical transformation determines the implementation of doubly special relativity in position space and leads to spacetime coordinates that depend on the energy-momentum of the particle. In the present work, we extend our analysis to the quantum length uncertainty. We show that, in generic cases, there actually exists a limit in the spatial resolution, both when the quantum evolution is described in terms of the auxiliary time corresponding to the Minkowski background or in terms of the physical time. These two kinds of evolutions can be understood as corresponding to perturbative and non-perturbative descriptions, respectively. This result contrasts with that found for the time uncertainty, which can be made to vanish in all models with unbounded physical energy if one adheres to a non-perturbative quantization., Comment: 12 pages, accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2005
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11. Quantum Time Uncertainty in a Gravity's Rainbow Formalism

Author

Galan, Pablo and Marugan, Guillermo A. Mena

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

The existence of a minimum time uncertainty is usually argued to be a consequence of the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity. Most of the studies that point to this result are nonetheless based on perturbative quantization approaches, in which the effect of matter on the geometry is regarded as a correction to a classical background. In this paper, we consider rainbow spacetimes constructed from doubly special relativity by using a modification of the proposals of Magueijo and Smolin. In these models, gravitational effects are incorporated (at least to a certain extent) in the definition of the energy-momentum of particles without adhering to a perturbative treatment of the back reaction. In this context, we derive and compare the expressions of the time uncertainty in quantizations that use as evolution parameter either the background or the rainbow time coordinates. These two possibilities can be regarded as corresponding to perturbative and non-perturbative quantization schemes, respectively. We show that, while a non-vanishing time uncertainty is generically unavoidable in a perturbative framework, an infinite time resolution can in fact be achieved in a non-perturbative quantization for the whole family of doubly special relativity theories with unbounded physical energy., Comment: 8 pages, accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2004
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12. Quantum time uncertainty in Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black holes

Author

Galan, Pablo, Garay Elizondo, Luis Javier, Mena Marugán, Guillermo A., Galan, Pablo, Garay Elizondo, Luis Javier, and Mena Marugán, Guillermo A.

Abstract

© 2007 The American Physical Society. The authors want to thank V. Aldaya and C. Barceló for fruitful conversations and enlightening discussions. P. G. is also very thankful to F. Barbero and J. M. Martín-García for their valuable help. P. G. gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided by the I3P framework of CSIC and the European Social Fund. This work was supported by funds provided by the Spanish MEC Projects No. FIS2005-05736-C03-02 and No. FIS2006-26387-E., The combined action of gravity and quantum mechanics gives rise to a minimum time uncertainty in the lowest order approximation of a perturbative scheme, in which quantum effects are regarded as corrections to the classical spacetime geometry. From the nonperturbative point of view, both gravity and quantum mechanics are treated on equal footing in a description that already contains all possible backreaction effects as those above in a nonlinear manner. In this paper, the existence or not of such minimum time uncertainty is analyzed in the context of Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black holes using the isolated horizon formalism. We show that from a perturbative point of view, a nonzero time uncertainty is generically present owing to the energy scale introduced by the cosmological constant, while in a quantization scheme that includes nonperturbatively the effects of that scale, an arbitrarily high time resolution can be reached., Spanish MEC Projects, CSIC, European Social Fund, Depto. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2023

15. Meeting Future European Aviation Societal and Market Needs

Author

MARTINEZ ARNAIZ, Raquel and LAZARO GALAN, Pablo

Subjects
ATM, UAV, NAVIGATION
Abstract

For decades, as the world has become more global, air traffic has experienced a sharp growth due to its privileged situation as a global industry. This growth is expected to continue increasing during the following years and, as air transport plays a key role within transport network, both current and future requirements of all agents involved must be accomplished. This paper addresses the evolution along the past decades, current context and future situation of air transport and how the requirements mentioned above could be fulfilled from the point of view of two main topics: accommodation of demand and overall travel time.

Published
2019
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17. Poster session 3

Author

Winter, R, Lindqvist, P, Sheehan, F, Fazlinezhad, A, Vojdanparast, M, Nezafati, P, Martins Fernandes, S, Teixeira, R, Pellegrino, M, Generati, G, Bandera, F, Labate, V, Alfonzetti, E, Guazzi, M, Iriart, X, Dinet, ML, Jalal, Z, Cochet, H, Thambo, JB, Moustafa, S, Ho, TH, Shah, P, Murphy, K, Nelluri, BK, Lee, H, Wilansky, S, Mookadam, F, Stolfo, D, Tonet, E, Merlo, M, Barbati, G, Gigli, M, Pinamonti, B, Ramani, F, Zecchin, M, Sinagra, G, Bieseviciene, M, Vaskelyte, JJ, Mizariene, V, Lesauskaite, V, Verseckaite, R, Karaliute, R, Jonkaitiene, R, Patel, S, Li, L, Craft, M, Danford, D, Kutty, S, Vriz, O, Pellegrinet, M, Zito, C, Carerj, S, Di Bello, V, Cittadini, A, Bossone, E, Antonini-Canterin, F, Sarvari, S I, Rodriguez, M, Sitges, M, Sepulveda-Martinez, A, Gratacos, E, Bijnens, B, Crispi, F, Santos, M, Leite, L, Martins, R, Baptista, R, Barbosa, A, Ribeiro, N, Oliveira, A, Castro, G, Pego, M, Berezin, A, Samura, T, Kremzer, A, Stoebe, S, Tarr, A, Pfeiffer, D, Hagendorff, A, Benyounes Iglesias, N, Van Der Vynckt, C, Gout, O, Devys, JM, Cohen, A, De Chiara, B, Musca, F, D'angelo, L, Cipriani, MG, Parolini, M, Rossi, A, Santambrogio, GM, Russo, C, Giannattasio, C, Moreo, A, Soliman, A, Moharram, M, Gamal, A, Reda, A, Oni, O, Adebiyi, A, Aje, A, Ricci, F, Aquilani, R, Dipace, G, Bucciarelli, V, Bianco, F, Miniero, E, Scipioni, G, De Caterina, R, Gallina, S, Tumasyan, LR, Adamyan, KG, Chilingaryan, AL, Tunyan, LG, Kim, KH, Cho, JY, Yoon, HJ, Ahn, Y, Jeong, MH, Cho, JG, Park, JC, Popa, B A, Popa, A, Cerin, G, Ecocardiografico, Campagna Provinciale di Screening, Yiangou, K, Azina, CH, Yiangou, A, Georgiou, C, Zitti, M, Ioannides, M, Chimonides, S, Olsen, R H, Pedersen, LR, Snoer, M, Christensen, TE, Ghotbi, AA, Hasbak, P, Kjaer, A, Haugaard, SB, Prescott, E, Cacicedo, A, Velasco Del Castillo, S, Gomez Sanchez, V, Anton Ladislao, A, Onaindia Gandarias, J, Rodriguez Sanchez, I, Jimenez Melo, O, Garcia Cuenca, E, Zugazabeitia Irazabal, G, Romero Pereiro, A, Monti, L, Nardi, B, Di Giovine, G, Malanchini, G, Scardino, C, Balzarini, L, Presbitero, P, Gasparini, GL, Holte, E, Orlic, D, Tesic, M, Zamaklar-Trifunovic, D, Vujisic-Tesic, B, Borovic, M, Milasinovic, D, Zivkovic, M, Kostic, J, Belelsin, B, Ostojic, M, investigators, PATA STEMI, Trifunovic, D, Krljanac, G, Savic, L, Asanin, M, Aleksandric, S, Petrovic, M, Zlatic, N, Lasica, R, Mrdovic, I, Nucifora, G, Muser, D, Zanuttini, D, Tioni, C, Bernardi, G, Spedicato, L, Proclemer, A, Casalta, AC, Galli, E, Szymanski, C, Salaun, E, Lavoute, C, Haentjens, J, Tribouilloy, C, Mancini, J, Donal, E, Habib, G, Cavalcante, JL, Delgado-Montero, A, Dahou, A, Caballero, L, Rijal, S, Gorcsan, J, Monin, JL, Pibarot, P, Lancellotti, P, Keramida, K, Kouris, N, Kostopoulos, V, Giannaris, V, Trifou, E, Markos, L, Mihalopoulos, A, Mprempos, G, Olympios, CD, Calin, A, Mateescu, AD, Rosca, M, Beladan, CC, Enache, R, Gurzun, MM, Varga, P, Calin, C, Ginghina, C, Popescu, BA, Almeida Morais, L, Galrinho, A, Branco, L, Gomes, V, Timoteo, A T, Daniel, P, Rodrigues, I, Rosa, S, Fragata, J, Ferreira, R, Bandera, F, Generati, G, Pellegrino, M, Carbone, F, Labate, V, Alfonzetti, E, Guazzi, M, Galli, E, Leclercq, C, Samset, E, Donal, E, Kamal, H M, Oraby, MA, Eleraky, A Z, Yossuef, M A, Leite, L, Baptista, R, Teixeira, R, Ribeiro, N, Oliveira, AP, Barbosa, A, Castro, G, Martins, R, Elvas, L, Pego, M, Polte, CL, Gao, SA, Lagerstrand, KM, Johnsson, AA, Bech-Hanssen, O, Martinez Santos, P, Vilacosta, I, Batlle Lopez, E, Sanchez Sauce, B, Jimenez Valtierra, J, Espana Barrio, E, Campuzano Ruiz, R, De La Rosa Riestra, A, Alonso Bello, J, Perez Gonzalez, F, Jin, CN, Wan, S, Sun, JP, Lee, AP, Generati, G, Bandera, F, Pellegrino, M, Carbone, F, Labate, V, Alfonzetti, E, Guazzi, M, Reali, M, Cimino, S, Salatino, T, Silvetti, E, Mancone, M, Pennacchi, M, Giordano, A, Sardella, G, Agati, L, Kalcik, M, Yesin, M, Gunduz, S, Gursoy, MO, Astarcioglu, MA, Karakoyun, S, Bayam, E, Cersit, S, Ozkan, M, Cacicedo, A, Velasco Del Castillo, S, Gomez Sanchez, V, Anton Ladislao, A, Onaindia Gandarias, J, Rodriguez Sanchez, I, Jimenez Melo, O, Quintana Razcka, O, Romero Pereiro, A, Zugazabeitia Irazabal, G, Nascimento, H, Braga, M, Flores, L, Ribeiro, V, Melao, F, Dias, P, Maciel, MJ, Bettencourt, P, Ferreiro Quero, C, Mesa Rubio, M D, Ruiz Ortiz, M, Delgado Ortega, M, Sanchez Fernandez, J, Duran Jimenez, E, Morenate Navio, C, Romero, M, Pan, M, Suarez De Lezo, J, Kazum, S, Vaturi, M, Weisenberg, D, Monakier, D, Valdman, A, Vaknin- Assa, H, Assali, A, Kornowski, R, Sagie, A, Shapira, Y, Madeira, S, Ribeiras, R, Abecasis, J, Teles, R, Castro, M, Tralhao, A, Horta, E, Brito, J, Andrade, M, Mendes, M, Villagra, JM, Avegliano, G, Ronderos, R, Matta, MG, Camporrotondo, M, Castro, F, Albina, G, Aranda, A, Navia, D, Muraru, D, Siciliano, M, Migliore, F, Cavedon, S, Folino, F, Pedrizzetti, G, Bertaglia, M, Corrado, D, Iliceto, S, Badano, LP, Gobbo, M, Merlo, M, Stolfo, D, Losurdo, P, Ramani, F, Barbati, G, Pivetta, A, Pinamonti, B, Sinagra, GF, Di Lenarda, A, Generati, G, Bandera, F, Pellegrino, M, Labate, V, Carbone, F, Alfonzetti, E, Guazzi, M, D'andrea, A, Di Palma, E, Baldini, L, Verrengia, M, Vastarella, R, Limongelli, G, Bossone, E, Calabro', R, Russo, MG, Pacileo, G, Azevedo, O, Cruz, I, Correia, E, Bento, D, Teles, L, Lourenco, C, Faria, R, Domingues, K, Picarra, B, Marques, N, Group, SUNSHINE, Nucifora, G, Muser, D, Gianfagna, P, Morocutti, G, Proclemer, A, Cruz, I, Gomes, AC, Lopes, LR, Stuart, B, Caldeira, D, Morgado, G, Almeida, AR, Canedo, P, Bagulho, C, Pereira, H, Lozano Granero, VC, Pardo Sanz, A, Marco Del Castillo, A, Monteagudo Ruiz, JM, Rincon Diaz, LM, Ruiz Rejon, F, Casas, E, Hinojar, R, Fernandez-Golfin, C, Zamorano Gomez, JL, Stampfli, S F, Erhart, L, Staehli, BE, Kaufmann, BA, Tanner, FC, Marketou, M, Kontaraki, J, Parthenakis, F, Maragkoudakis, S, Zacharis, E, Patrianakos, A, Vardas, P, Bento, D, Domingues, K, Correia, E, Lopes, L, Teles, L, Picarra, B, Magalhaes, P, Faria, R, Lourenco, C, Azevedo, O, Group, SUNSHINE, Mohty, D, Boulogne, C, Magne, J, Damy, T, Martin, S, Boncoeur, MP, Aboyans, V, Jaccard, A, Hernandez Jimenez, V, Saavedra Falero, J, Alberca Vela, MT, Molina Blazquez, L, Mata Caballero, R, Serrano Rosado, JA, Elviro, R, Gascuena, R, Di Gioia, C, Fernandez Rozas, I, Manzano, MC, Martinez Sanchez, JI, Molina, M, Palma, J, Ingvarsson, A, Werther Evaldsson, A, Radegran, G, Stagmo, M, Waktare, J, Roijer, A, Meurling, CJ, Cameli, M, Righini, FM, Sparla, S, Di Tommaso, C, Focardi, M, D'ascenzi, F, Tacchini, D, Maccherini, M, Henein, M, Mondillo, S, Werther Evaldsson, A, Ingvarsson, A, Waktare, J, Thilen, U, Stagmo, M, Roijer, A, Radegran, G, Meurling, C, Greiner, S, Jud, A, Aurich, M, Katus, HA, Mereles, D, Michelsen, MM, Faber, R, Pena, A, Mygind, ND, Suhrs, HE, Zander, M, Prescott, E, El Eraky, AZZA, Handoka, NESRIN, Ghali, MONA, Eldahshan, NAHED, Ibrahim, AHMED, Kamal, H M, Al-Eraky, A Z, El Attar, M A, Omar, A S, D'ascenzi, F, Pelliccia, A, Alvino, F, Solari, M, Cameli, M, Focardi, M, Bonifazi, M, Mondillo, S, Spinelli, L, Giudice, C A, Assante Di Panzillo, E, Castaldo, D, Riccio, E, Pisani, A, Trimarco, B, Stojanovic, S, Deljanin Ilic, M, Ilic, S, Mincu, RI, Magda, LS, Florescu, M, Velcea, A, Mihalcea, D, Chiru, A, Popescu, BO, Tiu, C, Vinereanu, D, Vindis, D, Hutyra, M, Cechakova, E, Littnerova, S, Taborsky, M, Mantovani, F, Lugli, R, Bursi, F, Fabbri, M, Modena, MG, Stefanelli, G, Mussini, C, Barbieri, A, Yi, JE, Youn, HJ, O, JH, Yoon, HJ, Jung, HO, Shin, GJ, Styczynski, G, Rdzanek, A, Pietrasik, A, Kochman, J, Huczek, Z, Milewska, A, Marczewska, M, Szmigielski, C A, Battah, AHMED, Abd Eldayem, SOHA, El Magd El Bohy, ABO, O'driscoll, J, Slee, A, Peresso, V, Nazir, S, Sharma, R, Generati, G, Bandera, F, Pellegrino, M, Labate, V, Carbone, F, Alfonzetti, E, Guazzi, M, Velasco Del Castillo, S, Anton Ladislao, A, Gomez Sanchez, V, Cacidedo Fernandez Bobadilla, A, Onaindia Gandarias, JJ, Rodriguez Sanchez, I, Romero Pereira, A, Quintana Rackza, O, Jimenez Melo, O, Zugazabeitia Irazabal, G, Voilliot, D, Huttin, O, Venner, C, Deballon, R, Manenti, V, Villemin, T, Olivier, A, Sadoul, N, Juilliere, Y, Selton-Suty, C, Scali, MC, Simioniuc, A, Mandoli, GE, Dini, FL, Marzilli, M, Picano, E, Garcia Campos, A, Martin-Fernandez, M, De La Hera Galarza, JM, Corros-Vicente, C, Leon-Aguero, V, Velasco-Alonso, E, Colunga-Blanco, S, Fidalgo-Arguelles, A, Rozado-Castano, J, Moris De La Tassa, C, Opitz, B, Stelzmueller, ME, Wisser, W, Reichenfelser, W, Mohl, W, Herold, IHF, Saporito, S, Mischi, M, Bouwman, RA, Van Assen, HC, Van Den Bosch, HCM, De Lepper, A, Korsten, HHM, Houthuizen, P, Veiga, CESAR, I, JAVIER. Randulfe Juanjo Andina Jose Fanina Francisco Calvo Emilio Paredes-Galan Pablo Pazos Andres, Ageing, Diseases, Cardiovascular, Santos Furtado, M, Rodrigues, A, Leal, G, Silvestre, O, Andrade, J, Khan, UM, Hjertaas, JJ, Greve, G, Matre, K, Leite, L, Teixeira, R, Baptista, R, Barbosa, A, Ribeiro, N, Castro, G, Martins, R, Cardim, N, Goncalves, L, Pego, M, Leite, L, Teixeira, R, Baptista, R, Barbosa, A, Ribeiro, N, Castro, G, Martins, R, Cardim, N, Goncalves, L, Pego, M, Leite, L, Teixeira, R, Baptista, R, Barbosa, A, Oliveira, AP, Castro, G, Martins, R, Cardim, N, Goncalves, L, Pego, M, Keramida, K, Kouris, N, Kostopoulos, V, Markos, L, Olympios, CD, Molnar, AA, Kovacs, A, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Kolossvary, M, Apor, A, Maurovich-Horvat, P, Jermendy, G, Sengupta, P, Merkely, B, Rio, P, Viveiros Monteiro, A, Galrinho, A, Pereira-Da-Silva, T, Moura Branco, L, Timoteo, A, Abreu, J, Leal, A, Varela, F, Cruz Ferreira, R, Huang, MS, Yang, LT, Tsai, WC, Papadopoulos, C, Mpaltoumas, K, Fotoglidis, A, Triantafyllou, K, Pagourelias, E, Kassimatis, E, Tzikas, S, Kotsiouros, G, Mantzogeorgou, E, Vassilikos, V, Venneri, L, Calicchio, F, Manivarmane, R, Pareek, N, Baksi, J, Rosen, S, Senior, R, Lyon, AR, Khattar, RS, Onut, R, Marinescu, C, Onciul, S, Zamfir, D, Tautu, O, Dorobantu, M, Casas Rojo, E, Carbonell San Roman, A, Rincon Diez, LM, Gonzalez Gomez, A, Fernandez Santos, S, Lazaro Rivera, C, Moreno Vinues, C, Sanmartin Fernandez, M, Fernandez-Golfin, C, Zamorano Gomez, JL, Bayat, F, Alirezaei, T, Karimi, AS, hospital, cardiovascular research center of shahid beheshti, Aggeli, C, Kakiouzi, V, Felekos, I, Panagopoulou, V, Latsios, G, Karabela, M, Petras, D, Tousoulis, D, Ben Kahla, S, Abid, L, Abid, D, Kammoun, S, Abid, L, Ben Kahla, S, Choi, JH, Lee, JW, Barreiro Perez, M, Martin Fernandez, M, Costilla Garcia, SM, Diaz Pelaez, E, and Moris De La Tassa, C

Abstract

Purpose: We developed a transthoracic echo simulator that can measure psychomotor skill in echo to assist in training as well as for certification of competence. The simulator displays cine loops on a computer in response to the user scanning a mannequin with a mock transducer. The skill metric is the deviation angle between the image acquired by the user and the anatomically correct plane for the specified view. We sought to determine whether the simulator-based test could distinguish levels of expertise. Methods: Attendees at an echo course or at the annual meeting of the Swedish Heart Association were invited to take a 15 min test on the simulator. On the test, the user scanned the mannequin and acquired 4 views: parasternal long axis (pLAX) in patient 1, apical 4 chamber (a4c) and aLAX in patient 2, and pLAX in patient 3. Scan time was limited to 15 min. Attendees were asked regarding current work status, position, and experience with echo assessed from duration in years and procedure volume in the past 12 months. Results: Of the 61 participants there were 22 sonographers, 2 nurses, and 37 doctors who were all in practice except 1 doctor who was a resident. The data of nurses was combined with that of sonographers because their procedure volume was nearer to that of sonographers (850 ± 599 tests/yr) than doctors (312 ± 393, p < 0.001). Doctors and non-doctors had similar duration of experience (9 ± 8 vs. 12 ± 11 yrs, p=NS). The test was not completed by 12 participants (18%) but unfamiliarity with the simulator may have contributed because the deviation angle for pLAX dropped between the first and third patients (23 ± 11 to 18 ± 10 degrees, p<0.020). The average deviation angle over the 4 views was slightly lower for sonographers than for doctors (26 ± 11 vs. 30 ± 14 degrees, p=NS). The deviation angle for pLAX (55 ± 37 degrees) was higher than for a4C (17 ± 22 degrees) or either pLAX view (p<0.00001). pLAX was the only view whose deviation angle correlated significantly with experience and only with procedure volume (r=-0.302, p=0.025). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the skill metric employed, angle of deviation between the plane of an acquired view and the plane of the anatomically correct image for that view, can distinguish the relative experience of sonographers and doctors in practice. Simulation-based testing provides objective and quantitative assessment of the psychomotor skill of image acquisition and may be of value in certification of trainees and in maintenance of certification examination of practicing sonographers and doctors.

Published
2015
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