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Films with excellent flexibility and mechanical stability are important for flexible and wearable devices. However, most films reported are prepared on substrates, and the synthesis of freestanding flexible films remains a challenge. Herein, a freestanding Bi2S3 nanofibrous membrane (NFM) is successfully prepared via a one‐step hydrothermal method, which is self‐assembled from ultralong Bi2S3 nanowires (NWs) over a length of millimeter‐scale crisscrossing each other. Significantly, the Bi2S3 NFM can be bent or clipped into an arbitrarily desired form. Based on the freestanding Bi2S3 NFM, an IR photodetector is fabricated, depicting a robust responsivity of 2.23 (2.06) µA W−1 under 850 (940) nm illumination. The Bi2S3 NFM photodetector exhibits a relatively fast response time (47.1 ms), which is attributed to high‐speed carrier transport efficiency in the NWs network. Under the bending states, the device still exhibits excellent detection performance, maintaining more than 86% of the initial photocurrent even after 1000 bending‐flattening times. The robust photoresponse of the Bi2S3 NFM photodetector after 2 months of storage in air and after 1 week in the bending state illustrates its excellent air stability and flexible detection ability. Besides, the photodetector can clearly identify the target image, indicating widespread potential applications in flexible and wearable fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020, liver cancer contributed to approximately 0.9 million new cases and 0.83 million deaths, making it the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees(APN), a traditional Chinese or ethnic medicine extensively utilized in Asia, has been historically employed for treating hepatitis and liver cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanism responsible for its therapeutic efficacy remains unclear. To identify and replace the active components of APN on liver cancer, which is investigate the potential of a Multi-Component Chinese Medicine derived from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees(APN-MCCN) for the treatment of liver cancer. Firstly, the TCMSP database and two liver cancer disease databases were utilized to optimize the chemical constituents of APN and the disease-related targets of liver cancer. The network was constructed using Cytoscape to visualize the relationships between them. Subsequently, the optimal combination of components in APN-MCCN for the treatment of liver cancer was determined using the contribution index method. HPLC analysis was performed to measure the content of each component. Pathway enrichment and gene annotation were conducted using the ClueGo plugin. In vivo efficacy was evaluated by transplanting S 180 and H 22 tumor-bearing mouse models. In vitro efficacy was determined through MTT assay, morphological observations, flow cytometry analysis, and scratch tests. Western blotting was used to validate the protein expression. The transfection techniques were employed to knockdown the expressions of key protein in different pathway. We obtained 24 effective compounds, with andrographolide contributing 20.78%, wogonin contributing 41.85%, and oroxylin A contributing 30.26% to the overall composition. Based on the predicted enrichment degree and correlation with liver cancer, we identified a total of 27 pathways, among which the Leptin signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and Cell Cycle signaling pathway were selected for further investigation. The content of andrographolide, oroxylin A, and wogonin in APN was found to be 0.104%, 0.0024%, and 0.0052%, respectively. In vivo experiments demonstrated that APN-MCCM significantly reduced tumor weight in S 180 tumor-bearing mice and prolonged the survival time of H 22 liver cancer-bearing mice. APN-MCCM exhibited inhibitory effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of liver cancer cells while arresting them in the G 2 /M phase. Furthermore, APN-MCCM down-regulated the protein expression of NCOA1, PTPN1, and GSK3B in the Leptin signaling pathway, NOS2 and NOS3 in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, CCNA2, CDK1, CDK2, and CDK7 in the Cell Cycle signaling pathway. Additionally, it upregulated the protein phosphorylation of p-P38 and p-JUN in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Knockout experiments revealed that the inhibitory effect of APN-MCCM on liver cancer cell migration was prevented when the MAPK or NCOA1 genes were knocked out. Similarly, knocking out the CDK7 gene blocked the G 2 /M phase arrest induced by APN-MCCM in liver cancer cells. APN-MCCM, consisting of andrographolide, wogonin, and oroxylin A, exhibits inhibitory effects on the cell proliferation of liver cancer cells by targeting the cell cycle pathway. Additionally, it suppresses the migration of liver cancer cells through the AGE-RAGE and Leptin signaling pathways. [Display omitted] • This study found that the effective components of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees in treating liver cancer are a combination of three monomeric compounds: Andrographolide, Wogonin, and Oroxylin A, which was named Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees-derived multi-component Chinese medicine on liver cancer (APN-MCCN). • APN-MCCM demonstrates promising therapeutic efficacy against liver cancer. • APN-MCCM inhibits liver cancer cell migration and treats liver cancer by modulating the Leptin signaling pathway and Age Rage signaling pathway. • APN-MCCM induces G 2 /M phase arrest and inhibits liver cancer cell proliferation by regulating the Cell cycle signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer death. The purpose of this work is to find new diagnostic biomarkers or prognostic biomarkers and explore the biological functions related to the prognosis of liver cancer.Methods: GSE25097 datasets were firstly obtained and compared with TCGA LICA datasets and an analysis of the overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was conducted. Cytoscape was used to screen out the Hub Genes among the DEGs. ROC curve analysis was used to screen the Hub Genes to determine the genes that could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model screened genes associated with prognosis biomarkers, and further Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed on the prognosis genes to explore the mechanism affecting the survival and prognosis of liver cancer patients.Results: 790 DEGs and 2162 DEGs were obtained respectively from the GSE25097 and TCGA LIHC data sets, and 102 Common DEGs were identified by overlapping the two DEGs. Further screening identified 22 Hub Genes from 102 Common DEGs. ROC and survival curves were used to analyze these 22 Hub Genes and it was found that there were 16 genes with a value of AUC > 90%. Among these, the expression levels of ESR1,SPP1 and FOSB genes were closely related to the survival time of liver cancer patients. Three common pathways of ESR1, FOBS and SPP1 genes were identified along with seven common pathways of ESR1 and SPP1 genes and four common pathways of ESR1 and FOSB genes.Conclusions: SPP1, AURKA, NUSAP1, TOP2A, UBE2C, AFP, GMNN, PTTG1, RRM2, SPARCL1, CXCL12, FOS, DCN, SOCS3, FOSB and PCK1 can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for liver cancer, among which FOBS and SPP1 genes can also be used as prognostic biomarkers. Activation of the cell cycle-related pathway, pancreas beta cells pathway, and the estrogen signaling pathway, while on the other hand inhibition of the hallmark heme metabolism pathway, hallmark coagulation pathway, and the fat metabolism pathway may promote prognosis in liver cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Large-scale Bi 2 O 3 /Ag/TiO 2 nanotubes (BAT NTs) were successfully synthesized through the facile solution process at room temperature. • BAT NTs ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD) exhibits satisfactory photodetection performance with a fast response speed of 25 ms. • BAT NTs UVPD features excellent environmental stability after 1 month and cycling stability for 100 switching cycles. • BAT NTs UVPD achieves high-resolution imaging results with "UV" pattern and performs precise UV optical communication under zero bias. Large-scale Bi 2 O 3 /Ag/TiO 2 nanotubes (BAT NTs) were successfully synthesized using ZnO nanorods template through the facile solution process at room temperature. Highly ordered BAT NTs with an average diameter of approximately 300 nm were arranged hierarchically on the overall ITO substrate. In addition, a self-powered UV photodetector (UVPD) based on BAT NTs was assembled and the photoresponse characteristics were investigated under a wide range of UV light intensity. The BAT NTs UVPD exhibits satisfactory UV photodetection performance with detectivity of 1.55 × 1010 Jones and on/off ratio exceeding 103, associated with a fast response speed of 25 ms, which is ascribed to the efficient carrier transport inspired by the 1D structure and energy band structure. In addition, BAT NTs UVPD also features excellent environmental stability and long cycling stability. Benefitting from the desirable properties, the BAT NTs UVPD achieves high-resolution imaging results with "UV" pattern as a single pixel unit and performs accurate UV optical communication as a signal receiver at zero bias. Eventually, the detailed self-powered UV detection mechanism for BAT NTs UVPD was illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrangea‐like ZnO nanospheres were fabricated on Al substrates via a facile hydrothermal method with only one step. Scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence were used to investigate their morphology, component, structure, and optical properties. The hierarchical nanospheres are fabricated by 2D nanosheets with the shape of 3D sphere. By adjusting the reaction time, the formation process was monitored. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanospheres was also investigated for their dye degradation, and they exhibit good photocatalytic ability to congo red, with the degradation rate of 98.4%. Besides, they have universal catalysis effect on methyl orange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogeneous and large-scale Bi 2 O 3 nanospheres (NSs) were successfully prepared using a one-step hydrothermal route. It is noticed that the Bi 2 O 3 NSs were dominated by the spherical shape covered by convex bulges, where the average diameter ranged from 100 to 200 nm. After that, the Bi 2 O 3 NSs were used to fabricate the ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD) with self-powered feature. After being illuminated with UV light of 365 nm, the response time of the Bi 2 O 3 NSs UVPD can reach up to ∼26 ms, and the detectivity achieved 1.77 × 109 Jones, associated with on/off ratio of more than 103. The temporal stability after storage in air for 1 month and the long cycle stability of 100 cycles both confirmed the robust stability of Bi 2 O 3 NSs, and the photocurrent can still reach 98.5% of the initial value for 100 cycles. Moreover, high-resolution image with Chinese characters of "Ha Gong Da" was well acquired under 365 nm light irradiation, which confirmed the fast light extraction capability and high dynamic range of the device. Furthermore, the detection mechanism of the Bi 2 O 3 NSs UVPD was also discussed. • Large-scale convex Bi 2 O 3 nanospheres (NSs) were synthesized adopting a facile one-step synthesis strategy. • Bi 2 O 3 NSs ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD) displays fast response time and large on/off ratio at zero bias under UV light. • Bi 2 O 3 NSs UVPD features robust temporal stability after 1 month and long cycle stability for 100 cycles. • Bi 2 O 3 NSs UVPD can achieve high-resolution images and exhibit fast light extraction capability and high dynamic range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuO nanoplates (NPs) have been prepared on ZnO nanorods (NRs) to form heterostructure by a simple photodeposition method at room temperature. The morphology, composition, and structure of the as‐prepared CuO NPs/ZnO NRs heterostructure were analyzed by SEM, TEM, XPS, and XRD. UV/Vis absorption spectrum indicates that the CuO NPs/ZnO NRs heterostructure exhibits a strong absorption in both the UV and visible light region. Photocurrent response results and the photoluminescence spectrum confirm that the CuO NPs/ZnO NRs heterostructure could promote the separation of photogenerated carriers. The photocatalytic ability of the as‐prepared samples was evaluated by degrading methyl orange. Moreover, the possible growth and photocatalytic mechanisms of the CuO NPs/ZnO NRs heterostructure were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PbSe nanotubes (NTs) were synthesized through a low cost, facile and green hydrothermal route in combination with the assistance of ascorbic acid. In the hydrothermal reaction process, Se nanowires were not only used as templates, but also as a Se ion source to provide Se precursors for the growth of PbSe NTs. The prepared tubular crystals with a cubic structure have a length of 1–6 μm and an average diameter of ∼120 nm. Experimental results show that the amount of ascorbic acid and Pb2+ concentration play important roles in the formation of PbSe NTs, and a possible growth mechanism of PbSe NTs has also been presented. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of the PbSe NTs was investigated and the results establish that PbSe NTs, in the presence of H2O2, showed a high photodegradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB). A probable photocatalytic mechanism for PbSe NTs is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Large-area Bi 2 O 2 Se film composed of many single crystal nanosheets was synthesized. • The layered Bi 2 O 2 Se film features a sharp interface with the SrTiO 3 substrate. • Bi 2 O 2 Se photodetector exhibits excellent cycling stability and long-term stability. • Bi 2 O 2 Se photodetector displays good imaging capability and rapid light extraction. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have proven to be a highly promising candidate for applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their attractive structure and properties. However, the micron-scale dimensions, random distribution on the substrate, and complex transfer processes of 2D materials inevitably cause difficulties in device integration, which limits practical applications in photodetection. Herein, high-quality 2D Bi 2 O 2 Se film (2×2 cm) composed of numerous single crystal nanosheets on SrTiO 3 substrate was prepared employing the chemical vapor deposition method. The layered Bi 2 O 2 Se film features a perfect atomic alignment free of lattice mismatch and a sharp interface with the SrTiO 3 substrate. Afterward, a broadband photodetector based on 2D Bi 2 O 2 Se film was directly constructed, which covered the ultraviolet, visible and infrared range from 365 to 940 nm and demonstrated a fast response speed of 32 ms and 44 ms, maximum responsivity and detectivity of 136 mA/W and 2×109 Jones. Importantly, fast on/off behavior for 100 cycles and reliable photoresponse after storage in air for 1 year confirmed the excellent cycling stability and air stability of the Bi 2 O 2 Se photodetector. Furthermore, the Bi 2 O 2 Se photodetector as a single point sensing pixel was capable to perform high-resolution imaging of "H, I, T" patterns. This research affirms the huge potential of Bi 2 O 2 Se photodetectors to perform as reliable multi-band detection units in complex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible IR imaging photodetectors, freestanding nanofibrous membranes, nanowires, Bi2S3 Keywords: Bi2S3; flexible IR imaging photodetectors; freestanding nanofibrous membranes; nanowires EN Bi2S3 flexible IR imaging photodetectors freestanding nanofibrous membranes nanowires 1 1 1 06/14/23 20230612 NES 230612 B Flexible IR Imaging Photodetectors b In article number 2300159, Jinzhong Wang, Shiyong Gao, and co-workers, successfully prepared, a large-area freestanding Bi SB 2 sb S SB 3 sb nanofibrous membrane (NFM) with high flexibility, which is self-assembled from ultralong Bi SB 2 sb S SB 3 sb nanowires. Large-Area Freestanding Bi2S3 Nanofibrous Membranes for Fast Photoresponse Flexible IR Imaging Photodetector (Adv. Funct. [Extracted from the article]

A simple, low‐cost synthetic approach was developed for fabricating a TiO2 layer on the surface of CdS‐sensitized ZnO nanorods by a liquid‐phase deposition method. In the ZnO/CdS/TiO2 composite structure, CdS quantum dots are grown on ZnO nanorods and the resulting CdS/ZnO nanorods are uniformly coated with a TiO2 layer. UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy showed that CdS could provide better light‐harvesting ability, and the photocatalytic activity was significantly improved by CdS compared with that of ZnO nanorods alone. Recycling experiments on ZnO/CdS showed continuous attenuation of photocatalytic performance, whereas the TiO2 protective layer maintains superior photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst and strongly inhibits the photocorrosion of CdS. In addition, a possible photocatalytic mechanism of the ZnO/CdS/TiO2 composite is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-area ZnO/Cu 2 O heterojunction have been successfully synthesized on Cu foil through a simple two-step solution method at near room temperature. The field emission scanning electron microscopy characterization indicates that the morphology of as-prepared Cu 2 O film grown on Cu foil is octahedral structure with diameter of ∼450 nm and ZnO is nanorod arrays structure with diameter of ∼150 nm. The current–voltage measurement of ZnO/Cu 2 O heterojunction shows a typical rectifying characteristics. Moreover, the photocatalytic test indicates that ZnO/Cu 2 O heterojunction exhibits high photocatalytic efficient for degradation of congo red dyes. The possible photocatalytic mechanism of ZnO/Cu 2 O heterojunction is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive two-dimensional (2D) Bi 2 O 3 nanosheets (NSs) were synthesized adopting a facile solution route. It can be distinctly perceived that the average dimension of the Bi 2 O 3 NSs was mainly centered in the range of 1–2 μm and the thickness reached about 110 nm. Afterward, the self-powered ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD) was successfully prepared established on the 2D Bi 2 O 3 NSs, which exhibited high photosensitivity and robust stability in exposure to UV light, accompanied with the fast rise time of ∼33 ms and decay time of ∼47 ms. In addition, the Bi 2 O 3 NSs UVPD could perform a stable operation over a wide range of UV light intensities. Moreover, the photodetection mechanism for the Bi 2 O 3 NSs UVPD was also illustrated. • Massive two-dimensional Bi 2 O 3 nanosheets were synthesized adopting a facile solution route. • Exposure to UV light, Bi 2 O 3 nanosheets UV photodetector exhibited high photosensitivity free of the external power. • Bi 2 O 3 nanosheets UV photodetector could perform stable operation over the wide range of UV light intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large scale and high density ZnO nanoplates have been successfully fabricated on Al substrate via a simple hydrothermal method at room temperature. The characterizations indicate the as-prepared ZnO nanoplates grown on the whole Al substrate with diameter of ∼4.8 µm and thickness of ∼150 nm. A possible growth mechanism was proposed. The photocatalysis test shows that ZnO nanoplates exhibit high efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic molecules. Moreover, the photocatalytic circulation experiments demonstrate the high stability of ZnO nanoplates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, bismuth oxychalcogenide family (Bi 2 O 2 X, X S, Se, Te), led by Bi 2 O 2 Se with unique characteristics, have emerged as promising candidates for high-performance optoelectronic devices. Herein, the novel Bi 2 O 2 S flowers with hierarchical structure have been successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal method with only 3 h of reaction. The as-prepared Bi 2 O 2 S flower is composed of many ultrathin nanosheets (NSs) with a thickness of about 12–16 nm. And the possible formation mechanism of ultrathin NSs self-assembled Bi 2 O 2 S flowers is further analyzed. In addition, a self-powered infrared photodetector based on Bi 2 O 2 S flowers, which can work without an external power, is designed. Under illumination at 850 nm light, the Bi 2 O 2 S flowers photodetector exhibits well photoresponse switching behaviors, of which the high responsivity, specific detectivity and fast response time reach up to 9.48 mA/W, 9.96 × 1010 Jones and 227.7 ms, respectively. Of particular note, the Bi 2 O 2 S flowers photodetector also possesses the eximious stability. [Display omitted] ● The Bi 2 O 2 S flowers composed of 2D ultrathin nanosheets were prepared on the fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. ● The Bi 2 O 2 S flowers infrared photodetector exhibits a high responsivity of 9.48 mA/W and detectivity of 9.96 × 1010 Jones. ● The Bi 2 O 2 S flowers infrared photodetector possesses eximious stability, and can operated without an external power source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembly of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets and one-dimensional (1D) nanorods into three-dimensional (3D) double-sided comb-like ZnO nanostructures has been successfully performed via a simple one-step hydrothermal method on Si and ITO substrates. It is found that the thickness of the ZnO seeds plays a vital role in the formation of 3D double-sided comb-like ZnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Large-scale Bi 2 O 3 nanotubes (NTs) arrays were successfully synthesized on ITO substrate employing ZnO nanorods. • An ultraviolet photodetector based on Bi 2 O 3 NTs was fabricated to show fast response speed and good cycling stability. • Bi 2 O 3 NTs ultraviolet photodetector could realize accurate UV detection free of external power. Large-scale Bi 2 O 3 nanotubes (NTs) arrays were successfully synthesized on ITO substrate with the assistance of ZnO nanorods template at room temperature. The as-synthesized highly orientated Bi 2 O 3 NTs with an average diameter of ∼95 nm were well distributed throughout the entire substrate. Moreover, Bi 2 O 3 NTs were employed to construct the ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD). Received to UV irradiation, the Bi 2 O 3 NTs UVPD displayed a high average current density of 40.4 μA/cm2, coupled with fast average rise time of ∼28.8 ms and decay time of ∼40.9 ms. Furthermore, the Bi 2 O 3 NTs UVPD could carry out accurate UV detection without external bias as well as maintain good stability and repeatability. Additionally, the UV detection mechanism of the as-assembled Bi 2 O 3 NTs UVPD was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-area octahedral Bi 2 O 3 nanoblocks (NBs) have been successfully fabricated on ITO substrate through a facile hydrothermal synthesis. The Bi 2 O 3 NBs with an average diameter of ∼2 μm were homogeneously grown over the entire surface of the substrate. Furthermore, the ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD) was assembled based on the Bi 2 O 3 NBs. On exposure to UV light, the photocurrent density of Bi 2 O 3 NBs UVPD surged to 38.5 μA/cm2, associated with rapid rise and decay time of ∼27.7 ms and ∼27.2 ms respectively. Especially, the as-fabricated detector could achieve stable UV detection free of the power supply and exhibit good stability and reusability. Moreover, the growth mechanism of the Bi 2 O 3 NBs and detection mechanism of the Bi 2 O 3 NBs UVPD have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A facile hydrothermal method has been developed to grow large-scale ZnO nanorods arrays (NRs) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) films at a low temperature of 95°C. The ZnO nanorods with average diameter of 200nm are single-crystal hexagonal structure and grow along the [001] direction. The thin ZnO film plays a key role in driving the nucleation and growth of the ZnO NRs on BDD films. It has been demonstrated that the ZnO nanorods are grown vertically on diamond facets, and this growth behavior is independent of types of diamond facets. The growth mechanism and room temperature photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnO NRs are investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We report the growth and properties of highly c-axis oriented ZnO films, by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, on the growth side of freestanding chemical vapor deposited diamond film-substrate. Low-temperature ZnO buffer layer is required for the formation of continuous ZnO films. The morphology, structure, and optical properties of the ZnO films deposited are strongly dependent on the thickness of the buffer layer. The optimized thickness of ZnO buffer layer is about 10nm to realize high-quality ZnO films having small compressive stress and high intensity ultraviolet emission. The ZnO/diamond (growth side) system is available for the applications in numerous fields, especially for high performance surface acoustic wave devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

All‐inorganic metal halide perovskites are competitive candidate as next‐generation flexible photodetectors (PDs) materials due to the remarkable photoelectric properties, enhanced heat stability, and mechanical flexibility. However, constructing low‐cost flexible perovskites PDs with high photodetection performance, good operation stability and mechanical robustness, and manufacturing corresponding flexible PDs array have been a challenge. Herein, the PbCl2 and Zinc(II) Dibenzyldithiocarbamate (Zn(DBDTC)2) are employed to modify bottom and top interface of CsPbIBr2 perovskite layer, respectively, to passivate surface trap state, enhance hydrophobicity and resist phase segregation, and improve interface contact. Consequently, the self‐powered champion PDs with low‐cost Bi2Te3 electrode reach a responsivity of 0.38 A W−1 and a maximum detectivity of 3.44 × 1013 Jones at 570 nm, and maintain the outstanding long‐term and operational stability without additional encapsulation. Meanwhile, the HTL‐free flexible PDs based on low‐temperature CsPbIBr2 perovskite layer exhibit impressive photodetection performance and mechanical robustness in bending test. More importantly, the flexible PDs array (5 × 5 pixels) and corresponding imaging system are fabricated with uniform and clear imaging results under flatting and bending state. This research is of great significance for the application of stable and high‐performance inorganic perovskites PDs and flexible array imaging systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Gd2O3:Eu composed of cubic and monoclinic structure were collected on November 2003 and June 2006, respectively. The results show that a portion of cubic Gd2O3 transforms into monoclinic after the sample was left as it is for two years; and the 5D1–7FJ emission of Eu3+ in cubic host was enhanced in this released complex. Considering the high pressure behavior of Gd2O3, we think this structural transition is due to the sample that endures a process of press and release while the residual stress is released slowly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Encrypted optical communication is a critical technology in numerous fields, including remote sensing, environmental monitoring, and homeland defense. As a core of wireless interconnect systems, the conventional photodetectors generally receive optical signals from a single direction and fail to distinguish between various wavebands, severely undermining the potential for data transfer and protection. Herein, a Bi2O3 layer‐integrated waveband‐discriminated perovskite photodetector is presented. By rational design of energy band and device architecture, the novel photodetector is self‐powered, double‐sided responsive, and recognizable to the short or long‐wave UV, as well as visible optical signals. Without external bias, the device exhibits a high performance with peak responsivities of 42.1 and 72.3 mA W−1 in frontal and reverse incidence, respectively. Benefiting from these advantages, the photodetector is applicable to optical communication and encryption. In reverse incidence, reversible message delivery is achieved through the conversion and decoding of illumination patterns and binary digits. For a further step, the encrypted processing is fulfilled in frontal incidence. By virtue of the eight irradiation combinations, a secret key containing ten‐bit commands will generate over a billion encryption methods. This work realizes a new mode of communication and encryption that entirely relies on optical signals, offering new insights into wireless communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating a third component into the binary system is considered to be one of the most effective strategies to further enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a novel perylene diimide (PDI) derivative featuring 3D structure, TPA‐4PDI, with tetraphenyladamantane central core is developed as a guest electron acceptor to be incorporated into the PM6:Y6 binary system. The champion PCE of ternary OSC is recorded to be 18.29% by adding 7.5 wt.% of TPA‐4PDI in the ternary blend, which photovoltaic performance is enhanced with synergistically increased open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.849 V, short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 27.55 mA cm−2, and fill factor (FF) of 78.21%. TPA‐4PDI exhibits a complementary absorption band with PM6 and Y6 while its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level falls between the two host materials. The addition of TPA‐4PDI can effectively suppress the recombination behavior, inhibit the excessive aggregation of Y6 and improve the morphology of PM6:Y6 blend. All these effects function synergistically and then lead to the enhancement of Voc,Jsc, and FF in ternary OSCs. This study suggests that developing PDI derivatives as the third component is an effective method to further improve the performance of ternary OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional forward‐structure perovskite devices typically employ organic small molecule and noble metal as the hole transport layer (HTL) and electrode, respectively, which results in poor thermal stability and high costs. To address this issue, a HTL‐free CH3NH3PbBr3 photodetector with the topological insulator bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) electrode is developed. The device exhibits apparent sensitivity to ultraviolet/visible waveband with a peak responsivity of 97.5 mA W−1, switching ratio exceeding 104, and the detectivity is up to 1012 Jones without external bias. These figures‐of‐merit are distinguished among the reported CH3NH3PbBr3‐based devices. Impressively, this device presents a light power‐modulated near‐infrared detection thanks to the contribution of topological insulator Bi2Te3, and the underlying mechanism is elaborated in‐depth. Moreover, the novel device improves significantly in short and long‐time thermal stability. Benefiting from these distinguished properties, the photodetector is imaging‐capable and a 50 × 50 pixels' pattern with satisfactory resolution has been achieved. This work highlights the application of topological insulators on the HTL‐free perovskite photodetector, offering new insights for the future commercialization of perovskite devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adopting the alkali metal sodium ion (Na+) doping strategy, the grain size of Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 (CBI) thin film is significantly increased and the non-radiative recombination defects are effectively passivated. Therefore, the self-powered broadband detection performance of photoelectrochemical detector based on the high-quality CBIN x thin films is greatly enhanced. [Display omitted] • Defect passivated lead-free Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 polycrystalline perovskite thin film was prepared by alkali metal sodium cation doping. • A simple self-powered broadband photoelectrochemical detector based on Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 thin film was fabricated. • The detector exhibits excellent photodetection performance without bias at UV, visible and near-infrared region. All-inorganic lead-free bismuth-based perovskites have attracted great interest in the optoelectronic applications due to their low toxicity and excellent stability. However, the inherent polycrystalline (PC) of perovskite films suffers severe charge recombination due to the large numbers of trap density. Herein, high-quality Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 (CBI) PC thin films are prepared by solution process with alkali sodium (Na+) cation doping strategy, resulting large grain size and lower trap density. Afterward, the photoelectrochemical-type detectors based on Na+ doped CBI thin film is constructed for the first time. The photodetector displays a broadband photoresponse covering ultraviolet (UV), visible and near-infrared (NIR) ranges. Significantly, by precisely controlling Na+ doping concentration, the performance of photodetector can be largely enhanced with the highest responsivity of 53.38 mA/W and detectivity of 5.99 × 109 Jones without bias, and these results exceed the performance of most reported CBI PC thin film based photodetectors. In addition, the photodetector exhibits an obvious increase in photoresponse and outstanding photo-stability after more than 150 on/off cycles. Finally, the mechanism of Na+ doping is further discussed. These results provide an outstanding example for the preparing high-quality CBI PC thin film and also demonstrate the great potential of CBI in the application of self-powered broadband photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hedgehog-like ZnO/SnO 2 hierarchical heterostructures composing of one-dimensional ZnO nanorods (NRs) and three-dimensional SnO 2 octahedron nano-blocks (ONBs) have been successfully prepared on ITO substrate through a simple solution method. The results show that ZnO NRs are uniformly and densely distributed perpendicular to the surface of the SnO 2 ONB. The as-prepared ZnO NRs/SnO 2 ONB (Z/S) hierarchical heterostructure is applied to assemble ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD). Under UV light illumination, it can obviously find that the Z/S UVPD can work at zero bias voltage and exhibits a remarkable stability and repeatability. In addition, the Z/S UVPD displays excellent characteristics over that based on SnO 2 ONBs, in particular a relatively high photoresponsivity, a strong photocurrent density of 0.94 mA cm−2, together with a high on/off ratio of 5362. Moreover, the possible mechanisms for growth and UV detection on the hedgehog-like Z/S hierarchical heterostructure have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A GaOOH/Ga2O3 heterojunction was obtained by a one-step annealing treatment at a certain temperature. The solar blind photoresponse performance of the GaOOH/Ga2O3 heterojunction was characterized through photoelectrochemical detectors, providing a simple and effective method for pure solar-blind ultraviolet detection. The results showed that the maximum responsivity of the α-GaOOH/α-Ga2O3 heterojunction detector is 0.29 mA W−1 at 250 nm, which is 370% and 145% higher than that of the α-GaOOH and α-Ga2O3 detectors, respectively. The calculated solar-blind/visible detection ratio and light-to-dark current ratio of the detector are also significantly improved compared with the α-Ga2O3 and α-GaOOH detectors, reflecting better pure solar-blind ultraviolet detection performance. The photoresponse mechanism has been studied systemically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO/ZnS/CuS net‐like nanosheet (NS) heterojunction array was fabricated via a simple solution method at a low temperature. Morphology and structure of ZnO/ZnS/CuS NS were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). With tiny particles attaching on the rough surface, the thin ZnO/ZnS/CuS NS grew vertically and arranged regularly on Al substrate, providing large effective illumination area and massive active sites. Elemental composition and valence state were confirmed with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The UV–vis absorbance spectra indicated that the absorption range of ZnO NS was expanded to the visible region effectively, and the original absorption intensity in the ultraviolet region was also improved after being coated with ZnS and CuS. Photocatalytic activity tests of ZnO, ZnO/ZnS, and ZnO/ZnS/CuS NS were carried out with methyl orange as a simulated pollutant, in which ZnO/ZnS/CuS heterojunction showed great enhancement when making comparison with pure ZnO and ZnO/ZnS NS. After five reuse cycles, photocatalytic performance could still be maintained well, indicating the good catalytic stability. Finally, a probable photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B-doped ZnO (B-ZnO) microspheres have been fabricated on PET-ITO flexible substrate by hydrothermal method. The B atoms play an important role in the formation of ZnO microspheres. The results of first-principles calculations demonstrate that the B atoms prefer to occupy the octahedral interstice positions as the interstitial atoms, which can lead to the decrease of band gap. The B-ZnO/PET-ITO shows significantly enhanced efficiency of photocatalytic activities with good recyclable behavior. The corresponding mechanism is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, FTO/amorphous-(In 0.23 Ga 0.77) 2 O 3 /spiro-OMeTAD photodetector capable of broadband detection (200–400 nm) with wavelength discrimination is fabricated. Incorporation of spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport layer improved self-powered performance of FTO/amorphous-(In 0.23 Ga 0.77) 2 O 3 /spiro-OMeTAD broadband photodetector. Under 260 nm illumination, the photodetector exhibited a responsivity (R) of 0.63 mA/W and a detectivity (D *) of 5.40 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1 under zero bias. The values enhanced to R = 0.61 mA/W and D * = 5.50 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1 under 320 nm illumination. For 400 nm illumination, the values were R = 0.35 mA/W, D * = 4.90 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1 under zero bias. Moreover, FTO/amorphous-(In 0.23 Ga 0.77) 2 O 3 /spiro-OMeTAD photodetector demonstrated faster response speed with rising time decreased to 0.02 s and decay time decreased to 0.04 s, compared to FTO/amorphous-(In 0.23 Ga 0.77) 2 O 3 photodetectors under 260 nm illumination. The wavelength discrimination capability within 200–400 nm range was attributed to type-I staggered band alignment in FTO/amorphous-(In 0.23 Ga 0.77) 2 O 3 interface and type-Ⅱ staggered band alignment in spiro-OMeTAD/amorphous-(In 0.23 Ga 0.77) 2 O 3 interface, through choosing illumination on FTO or spiro-OMeTAD sides. In conclusion, FTO/amorphous-(In 0.23 Ga 0.77) 2 O 3 /spiro-OMeTAD heterogeneous junction, using a combination of p-type polymer and inorganic wide bandgap semiconductors, shows great potential for self-powered and high-performance broadband photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional photoelectrochemical-type (PEC-type) photodetectors have encountered several obstacles in practical application, such as the loss of photoelectrons due to interface charge recombination, short-term performance, and the problem of liquid electrolyte leakage. Herein, a novel quasi-solid-state polysulfide gel electrolyte (QSSPGE) is developed through the integration of liquid polysulfide into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel matrix. The PVA gel plays the dual function of passivating the surface trap states of bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3) nanosheets and suppressing the leakage and volatilization of the liquid polysulfide electrolyte. Impressively, the PEC-type Bi 2 Te 3 photodetector based on the QSSPGE exhibits a boosted responsivity of 4.91 mA W−1 and a fast rise/decay time of 14/99 ms under 365 nm illumination, outperforming the responsivity (4.32 mA W−1) of PEC-type Bi 2 Te 3 photodetector based on liquid polysulfide. More importantly, the photocurrent density of the device remains at 95% and 81% of the initial value after being stored in air for one month and heated at 80 ℃ for 240 min, respectively, demonstrating excellent long-term stability and thermal stability. Additionally, the high-resolution imaging capacity of the device is demonstrated. This work provides an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance, stable PEC-type optoelectronic devices. [Display omitted] • A novel quasi-solid-state polysulfide gel electrolyte (QSSPGE) is developed. • Interface charge recombination between Bi 2 Te 3 and QSSPGE is suppressed. • Responsivity of the device is boosted from 4.32 mA W−1 to 4.91 mA W−1. • The device based on QSSPGE exhibits excellent thermal and long-term stability. • The stable imaging capacity of the device is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel molecular design strategy of "LRCT-enhanced RISC process" has been demonstrated to be effective to overcome the potential limit of MR-TADF emitters, namely tCzBN-PQ and tCzBN-PQCz. The secondary donor–acceptor unit in tCzBN-PQCz provides dual LRCT channels to further enhance RISC and suppress intermolecular aggregation, and also the largely improve EQE with small efficiency roll-off. [Display omitted] • Two novel MR-TADF emitters with secondary acceptor unit or donor–acceptor unit. • The dual LRCT channels enhance RISC and suppress intermolecular aggregation. • Achieving large EQE of 35.1% with small roll-off and small FWHM in green OLED. Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) presents great potential for applications in high-quality organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) displays due to their superb properties of high color purity and high quantum efficiencies. Nonetheless, most reported MR-TADF emitters show unsatisfactory devices performances with severe efficiency roll-off resulted from their inherent issues of slow reverse intersystem crossing rate (k RISC) and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). Herein, we propose a novel strategy by employing quinazoline derivatives as secondary acceptor (PQ) and secondary donor–acceptor (PQCz) to provide intermediate locally excited triplet (3LE) states and then enhance spin-orbital coupling (SOC). In addition, the secondary donor–acceptor group PQCz in tCzBN-PQCz can suppress intermolecular interaction and provide dual long-range charge transfer (LRCT) channels to further enhance k RISC. Therefore, tCzBN-PQ and tCzBN-PQCz exhibit high k RISC of 5.6 × 105 s−1 and 7.3 × 105 s−1 with large photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 89 % and 95 % respectively. Consequently, OLED based on tCzBN-PQ and tCzBN-PQCz show excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 30.2 % and 35.1 % with small efficiency roll-off and small full width at half maxima (FWHM) of 37 nm and 34 nm respectively. Especially, tCzBN-PQCz exhibits better performances and less-sensitive to the doping concentration which proves the effectiveness of this secondary donor–acceptor group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Scaly-like hollow SnSe nanotubes (NTs) were synthesized by a green and rapid solution method. • Light utilization efficiency is improved due to unique scaly-like hollow structure and large surface area of the SnSe NTs. • SnSe NTs infrared photodetector can realize efficient and stable IR light detection free of the external power. [Display omitted] SnSe nanotubes (NTs) have been successfully synthesized via a simple solution method. The as-synthesized tubular crystals with orthorhombic structure are composed of numerous scaly nanosheets which distributed hierarchically. The average diameter of the SnSe NTs is roughly 180 nm and length primarily concentrate in the range of 1–3 µm. It was found that Se nanowires were served as a template and as an only source of Se ion for the formation of SnSe NTs. Furthermore, a novel self-powered infrared photodetector (IRPD) established on the SnSe NTs with desirable detection performance was fabricated. Exposed to IR illumination of 830 nm, the SnSe NTs IRPD displays a maximal photocurrent density of 46.46 nA/cm2 and a rapid photoresponse, together with the rise time and decay time approach up to 0.174 s and 0.349 s, respectively. Meanwhile, it can be recognized that the SnSe NTs IRPD remain consistent and repeatable at zero voltage. Moreover, a plausible mechanism for IR detection based on the SnSe NTs IRPD are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), as an emerging two-dimensional (2D) material, has attracted extensive attention from scientific researchers due to its excellent optoelectronic, thermoelectric properties and topological structure. However, the application research of Bi2Te3 mainly focuses on thermoelectric devices, while the research on optoelectronic devices is scarce. In this work, the morphology evolution and growth mechanism of 2D Bi2Te3 nanosheets with a thickness of 12 ± 3 nm were systematically studied by solvothermal method. Then, the Bi2Te3 nanosheets were annealed at 350 °C for 1 h and applied to self-powered photoelectrochemical-type broadband photodetectors. Compared with the as-synthesized Bi2Te3 photodetector, the photocurrent of the photodetector based on the annealed Bi2Te3 is significantly enhanced, especially enhanced by 18.3 times under near-infrared light illumination. Furthermore, the performance of annealed Bi2Te3 photodetector was systematically studied. The research results show that the photodetector not only has a broadband response from ultraviolet to near-infrared (365–850 nm) under zero bias voltage, but also obtains the highest responsivity of 6.6 mA W−1 under green light with an incident power of 10 mW cm−2. The corresponding rise time and decay time are 17 ms and 20 ms, respectively. These findings indicate that annealed Bi2Te3 nanosheets have great potential to be used as self-powered high-speed broadband photodetectors with high responsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development trend of modern electronics and optoelectronics is constantly moving towards highly integrated, comprehensive, and miniaturized devices. Vertical configuration provides an easy means to achieve higher integration density than traditional planar configuration, and possess higher carrier generation capabilities and transfer speed, which can further enhance the performance of optoelectronic devices. This technology holds tremendous potential for designing the next generation of electronic/optoelectronic devices. In this work, we developed a vertical heterojunction photodetector, which combines narrow-bandgap 2D topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 , ultra-wide-bandgap amorphous Ga 2 O 3 , and high-performance p-Si substrate, achieving broad-spectrum detection from 254 to 1000 nm and significantly shortened response time due to the advantage of carrier vertical transmission. The response time of the device is less than 50 ms under illumination with different wavelengths. Moreover, the device exhibits self-powered characteristics, with maximum responsivity and detectivity of 0.175 mA/W and 1.58 × 1010 Jones, respectively, under 365 nm light irradiation at zero bias. A switch ratio as high as 10 3 is demonstrated under 365 and 470 nm illumination, highlighting the high performance of device. Additionally, the device displays excellent stability and imaging capability. Our research provides a promising and instructive prospect for the practical application of vertical broadband self-powered heterojunction PDs in a wider range of fields. • A vertical self-powered Bi 2 Se 3 /a-Ga 2 O 3 /p-Si heterojunction PD was achieved. • The device showed broadband response (254–1000 nm) and imaging ability. • Switch ratio as high as 103 under 365 and 470 nm illumination was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic metal halide perovskite is considered as one of the most promising perovskite materials for photodetectors, because of its remarkable optoelectronic characteristics and stability. Whereas, it remains challenge to achieve both excellent photodetection performance and stability due to the multitudes of defects in perovskite films. Herein, an interface engineering based on surface passivation strategy to achieve high-quality CsPbBr 3 perovskite films by introducing thioacetamide (C 2 H 5 NS, abbreviated as TAA) as interface materials is reported. The interaction between TAA and perovskite passivates the uncoordinated Pb2+ on the surface of CsPbBr 3 film, suppress carrier non-recombination and accelerates carriers transfer. The self-powered photodetector based on the passivated CsPbBr 3 film prefers the maximum responsivity of 0.26 A W−1 and detectivity of 8.39 × 1012 Jones under 520 nm irradiation. In addition, the optimized photodetector exhibits excellent stability and maintains more than 98% of its initial photocurrent when operating over 8 h. This work demonstrates an alternative approach for the preparation of improved performance in CsPbBr 3 perovskite photodetectors and associated photoelectric devices. [Display omitted] • Introducing thioacetamide into the perovskite device as interface layer. • The device is self-powered, high-detectivity and rapidly detection to radiation. • The device achieved a champion responsivity of 0.26 A/W with excellent stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The thioacetamide can effective passivate under-coordinated Pb2+ defects. • The device is self-powered, high-detectivity and rapidly detection to radiation. • The device achieved a champion responsivity of 0.39 A/W with excellent stability. • A clear and discernible image with high fidelity is achieved by employing the device. All-inorganic perovskite photodetectors aroused widespread attention due to the splendid photoelectric characteristics and stability. However, the inherent defects in perovskite films hinders the progress of the photodetectors. Here, a Lewis base of thioacetamide additive was used to passivate defects in CsPbBr 3 perovskite films based on Lewis acid-base interactions. The quality of the film has been distinctly enhanced due to the interaction between the S donor in thioacetamide and the uncoordinated Pb2+ in perovskite, diminishing the defect state density and inhibits the non-radiative recombination. The self-powered champion device based on CsPbBr 3 film contain optimum thioacetamide additive exhibits a lower dark current density of 4.01 nA/cm2, a peak responsivity of 0.39 A/W, a rapid rise/decay time of 12.4 μs/56.2 μs, a peak detectivity of 1.08 × 1013 Jones and a lager linear dynamic range of 99 dB, which are much better than photodetector based on CsPbBr 3 perovskite without TAA additive. Furthermore, it exhibits high-resolution imaging sensing capability at zero bias. This research affords guidance for the performance improvement and application of all-inorganic perovskite photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycorine is an isoquinoline alkaloid in Amaryllidaceae with antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, diuretic and cardiovascular effects. This study explored the antitumor mechanism of lycorine in vitro and in vivo by focusing on its effects on tumor cell membrane fraction and tumor cell membrane structure. The results showed that lycorine had antitumor effect on H22 tumor-bearing mice in vivo and could effectively prolong the survival time of H22 tumor-bearing mice. In vitro, lycorine inhibited the proliferation of HepG-2 cells and induced cell death significantly. Lycorine reduced the total protein content, sialic acid content and cholesterol content on the surface of tumor cell membrane, and reduced the content of some main components of tumor cell membranes. Lycorine reduced the membrane fluidity and cell membrane integrity of tumor cells. In addition, the ion channel (Na+, K+-ATPase, Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase) activity on the surface of the tumor cell membrane decreased. This contributed to a significant antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nano-rod CuO is obtained on the surface of TiCu-based powders by dealloying/annealing. • These core-shell powders show considerable surface photovoltage properties. • The core-shell powder is more desirable and applicable due to easy separation/recycle. The core-shell urchin-like powders (i.e. the microsized core composed of the residual metallic glass matrix powders and short CuO nanorod as the shell) were obtained through selective hydrothermal dealloying and annealed oxidation methods. TiCu-based metallic glass powders were used as precursors. Furthermore, the morphology and photoelectric conversion property of urchin-like CuO nanorod/metallic matrix powders were comprehensively investigated. These core-shell powders possess considerable surface photovoltage properties, and the sample annealed at 500 °C in air exhibits optimal surface photoelectric responses in visible light range (~600 nm). The surface photovoltage property was determined by the synergistic effect of crystallinity and surface morphology for the CuO phase. This study provides a strategy for in-situ synthesis of novel micro-nano-sized core-shell functional materials using facile dealloying and annealing of multiple-component alloys. The advantage of obtained products will further accelerate their applications in the green industry since this kind of micro-nano-sized powder material is easy to separate and recycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, (Al x Ga 1-x) 2 O 3 thin films were grown on Al 2 O 3 (0001) substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering using Al/Ga 2 O 3 target. The analysis of crystalline structure, morphology, transmittance and bandgap after various annealing temperatures were investigated in detail. The films were oriented along ( 2 — 01) plane, and the crystalline quality improved with increasing annealing temperature. The stoichiometries of films can be regard as (Al 0.33 Ga 0.67) 2 O 3 according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the additional compressive stress in the sample which annealed at 900 °C was certified. The bandgap of annealed films was totally decreased due to increasing magnitude of compressive stress and grain size. Therefore, these results may suggest the way to tune the band gap of β-(Al x Ga 1-x) 2 O 3 films by varying the residual stress through annealing and indicate the optimum annealing temperature for (Al 0.33 Ga 0.67) 2 O 3 thin films is about 800 °C. • The (Al x Ga 1-x) 2 O 3 films were deposited using Al/Ga 2 O 3 target. • All the samples were monoclinic structure with the (−201) preferred orientation. • Post-annealing can improve the crystalline of (Al x Ga 1-x) 2 O 3 thin films. • The remigration of Al atoms took place after annealing at 900 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays were grown on different substrates by hydrothermal method. The crystallinity of ZnO nanorod was regularly investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine morphology of the ZnO nanorods. The results indicate that the nanorods grow along [002] orientation. SEM and TEM images and XRD patterns show that the growth of ZnO nanorods on graphene/Quartz substrate is better than the other substrates due to the number and size of the nanorods which are highly affected through the properties of ZnO seed layers and it has lower defects than the other substrates. PL spectra ZnO would have a higher concentration of oxygen vacancy. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on different substrates and properties have been regularly investigated. • A ZnO seed layer of ZnO was deposited by magnetron sputtering and was employed for promoting nanorod growth. • From results ZnO nanorods were grown perpendicularly oriented to the surface as hexagonal pillars with a flat surface. • It is also clear that the number and size of the nanorods are highly affected by the properties of ZnO seed layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple two-step hydrothermal method was used to successfully fabricate a well-grown β-Ga2O3 microrod array from GaOOH on a Si (100) substrate without other heterogeneous layers, to overcome the relatively large surface energy. Different hydrothermal conditions were used to investigate the growth mechanism of the β-Ga2O3/GaOOH microrod array on the silicon substrate. Most significantly, the key role of ethanol in the first-step hydrothermal solution is discussed in light of the change in the adsorption of growing nuclei at the solid–liquid interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three novel MR-TADF emitters with secondary donors were designed to enhance RISC. • Rigid and steric molecular geometry greatly reduce intermolecular interactions. • OLEDs with large EQE of 34.1%∼36.5% are obtained with small FWHMs. Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters have been considered to be one of the most desirable materials for high-quality organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) owing to their small full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and outstanding device performance. However, there are still some inherent issues that restrict their further practical applications, such as slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate (k RISC), and severe intermolecular aggregation. Herein, three MR-TADF emitters, SPAC-tCzBN, SPBAC-tCzBN and o-SPAC-tCzBN, were designed and synthesized by introducing the secondary donor into tCzBN, which successfully realized the modification of the excited states and therefore achieved the enhanced RISC process. Furthermore, the rigid and steric molecular geometry greatly block the intermolecular forces between adjacent molecule and then reduce the concentration-induced quenching and spectral broadening. Consequently, OLEDs based on these emitters showed state-of-the-art external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 34.1%∼36.5% with narrow FWHM of 24 nm ∼ 28 nm. Meanwhile, the emission peaks and FWHM in EL spectra show much-promised less-sensitive to the doping concentration owing to suppressed intermolecular interactions. This work demonstrates a novel and effective MR-TADF molecular design strategy to realize high-quality OLEDs with extreme color purity and remarkable device efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Ga 2 O 3 thin films were grown on Al 2 O 3 (0001) substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The influence of sputtering power on crystalline structure, morphology, transmittance, band gap, and photoluminescence were investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction results showed that the β-Ga 2 O 3 films were oriented along ( 2 ¯ 01 ) plane, and the crystalline quality improved with increasing sputtering power. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that the proportion of large-size grain increased with increasing sputtering power. The β-Ga 2 O 3 films displayed very high transmittance close to 100% in visible region. Photoluminescence spectra showed that all the films exhibited intense blue and green emission centered at approximately 430 nm and 550 nm originated from the donor-acceptor pair recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The β-Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures have been prepared by hydrothermal with ammonia as alkali source. The morphology of β-Ni(OH) 2 evolves from hexagon sheets to flower-like hierarchical structure built up from the nanosheets as increasing the amount of ammonia. Hierarchical β-Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures have strong adsorption effect on methyl orange dyes. The adsorption mechanism of β-Ni(OH) 2 has been investigated, which could be expressed by pseudo-second order kinetic model with best match. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-Ga2O3 films have been obtained by thermal annealing of amorphous thin films that were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The influence of deposition pressure on the properties of the β-Ga2O3 films was investigated. The structural and optical properties of the β-Ga2O3 films were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and optical spectrophotometric measurements. The full width at half maximum of β-Ga2O3 (600) X-ray diffraction peaks decreased firstly and then increased with increasing deposition pressure. A similar variation tendency was observed for the optical band gap of the β-Ga2O3 films. The reasons were attributed to joint action of the atoms' diffusion ability on the surface and oxygen partial pressure with deposition pressure. With increasing pressure, sputtered target species collided more and lacked energy to diffuse leading to poorly crystallized films. With high deposition pressure, oxygen partial pressure also increased in the deposition chamber, thus crystalline quality was improved due to the decrease in oxygen vacancies in the film, which was confirmed by investigating O 1s and Ga 3d core levels using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

n-ZnO nanorods/p-Si heterojunctions with and without an AlN buffer layer were grown. The ultraviolet luminescence of the ZnO nanorods was greatly enhanced through introducing an AlN buffer layer, and this can be attributed to an improvement in the ZnO nanorod crystallinity, and confinement effects from the AlN potential barrier layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus-doped ZnO nanorods were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the dopant source. The effects of different Zn sources, zinc nitrate concentration, reaction duration, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate concentration, and annealing temperature on the morphologies and phosphorus content of ZnO nanorods were investigated. The doping mechanism of phosphorus-doped ZnO nanorods has been discussed. Detailed photoluminescence studies of phosphorus-doped ZnO revealed characteristic phosphorus acceptor-related peaks: neutral acceptor-bound exciton emission at 3.347 eV, and donor-to-acceptor pair emission at 3.232 eV, free-electron to neutral-acceptor emission at 3.312 eV. This means that stable acceptor levels with a binding energy of about 126 meV were formed by phosphorus doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perylene diimide-based small molecular (PDI-4N) was designed and synthesized through a smiple one-step reaction as efficient cathode interface layers (CIL) in inverted PVSC, and PDI-2N was also synthesized as a contrast. Multi-dimethyl amine groups in the N- and bay- positions of PDI-4N give PDI4N better alcohol solubility, higher conductivity, electron mobility, self-doping property. Corresponding inverted PVSC with PDI-4N CIL manifests a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.33%, and synthetic complexity (SC) and industrial figure of merit (IFOM) of PDI-4N are very low than many other cathode interface materials having been reported. Moreover, good stability with a PCE loss of only ∼2.0 % after 600 h is also obtained for PDI-4N based device. [Display omitted] • Two PDI-based cathode interfacial materials were synthesized with a simple method. • The promising synthetic complexity (SC) of 13.95 % and IFOM of 0.65 are obtained. • PCEs of up to 21.33 % in perovskite solar cells were obtained with good stability. Interface engineering plays an important role in improving the performance of perovskite devices. Herein, we reported two perylenediimide small molecular cathode interface materials (CIMs), PDI-2N and PDI-4N, synthesized by a simple method and with good alcohol soluble, which could be used as cathode interfacial layer (CIL) for high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The PDI-4N exhibits larger electrical conductivity, electron mobility and self-doping properties than PDI-2N because of more dimethylamino functional groups in the amide positions. Based on these superiorities, a peak PCE of 21.33% with PDI-4N as CIL was achieved, which is the highest PCE for PDI-based interlayer materials as the cathode interlayer in inverted PVSCs. While the PCE with PDI-2N as CIL is only 17.41%. The significant improvement in device efficiency for PDI-4N based device is due to reduced defect density, lower dark current, larger recombination resistance and better surface morphology, which improved charge transport and collection at the PC 61 BM/Ag interface. Moreover, the ambient stabilities of PVSCs with PDI-2N and PDI-4N as CIL show that the CILs can effectively improve the device stability, and good stability with a PCE loss of only ∼3.0% after 600 h is also obtained. In a word, this work will provide us with molecular design approach by one-step to develop novel cathode interface materials with functional side chains for high-efficiency PVSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]