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With the protection requirements of armoured vehicles continuously improving, the design of anti-explosion components of vehicles is facing increasing challenges. This paper describes a Six Sigma method that is used to optimise the anti-explosion protection components of the vehicle. The thicknesses of some key components of the anti-explosion components and the distributions of the beam are selected as the deterministic design variables. This paper considers the uncertainties in the design process for the failure of the weld and the bolt of the anti-explosion components. The surrogate model generated by the design of experimental (DOE) is combined with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to execute the Six Sigma design. Six Sigma design provides the Pareto solution. Lastly, the experiments show that the design based on Six Sigma optimisation is accurate and reliability.

Multiple functional-material-filled nitrile butadiene rubber/chloroprene rubber (NBR/CR) acoustic composites were extensively studied and prepared. According to the orthogonal test table L25 (56), 25 groups of samples were prepared by using a low-temperature one-time rubber mixing process. With tensile strength, average transmission loss, and damping peak as indexes, the influence degree of different factors and levels on the properties of acoustic composites was quantitatively discussed and analyzed. The matrix weight analysis was employed to optimize the material formula of rubber composites, and the corresponding influence weight was given. Results showed that the acoustic composite with blending ratio of 70/30 for NBR/CR matrix had preferable mechanical and acoustic properties; adding mica powder (MP) and montmorillonite (MMT) in matrix contributed to improve all above three indexes owing to their specific lamellar structures; hollow glass beads (HGB) had a positive influence on improving acoustic property due to its hollow microcavities, however, it had a negative impact on damping property because of the smooth spherical surfaces. Accordingly, the optimal formulation was found to be NBR/CR blending ratio of 70/30, MP of 10 phr (per hundred rubber), HGB of 4 phr, and MMT of 10 phr.

This study aims to interpret the ecological meaning of discourse from system-functional linguistics perspective and analyses the ecological diplomacy ideas embedded in reporting, and to guide people to develop an ecological consciousness of living in harmony with nature through the analysis of ecological orientations. The study explores the ecological factors in the participant, process and environmental components. The results show that in terms of participant role distribution, material process participants and relational process participants account for the largest proportion. In terms of transitivity processes, the focus is on the use of material and relational processes. In terms of the distribution of circumstantial element, there are significant differences in the use of ecological discourse in coverage. The idea of ecological diplomacy is also implicitly reflected in the coverage.

T cell-engaging therapies involving bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have achieved great success in the treatment of hematological tumors. However, the paucity of ideal cell surface molecules that can be targeted on glioblastoma (GBM) partially reduces the immunotherapeutic efficacy. Recently, high expression of Fn14 has been reported in several solid tumors, so the strategy of exploiting this specific antigen for GBM immunotherapy is worth studying. Consequently, we constructed Fn14× CD3 BiTE and Fn14-specific CAR-T cells and investigated their cytotoxic activity against GBM in vitro and in vivo. First, expression of Fn14 was confirmed in glioma tissues and GBM cells. Then, we designed Fn14-specific BiTE and CAR-T cells and tested their cytotoxicity in GBM cell cultures and mouse models of GBM. Fn14 was highly expressed in GBM tissues and cell lines, while it was undetectable in normal brain samples. Fn14× CD3 BiTE, Fn14 CAR-T cells and Fn14 CAR-T/IL-15 cells were antigen-specific and highly cytotoxic, showing good antitumor activity in vitro and causing significant regression of established solid tumors in xenograft models. However, the xenografts treated with Fn14 CAR-T cells regrew, whereas xenografts treated with Fn14 CAR-T/IL-15 cells did not. IL-15 engineering augmented the antitumor activity of Fn14 CAR-T cells and resulted in significant antitumor effects similar to those of Fn14× CD3 BiTE. Our results suggest that Fn14 is an appropriate target for GBM. Anti-Fn14 BiTE and Fn14-specific CAR-T/IL-15 cells may be exciting immunotherapeutic options for malignant brain cancer.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain cancer and its survival rate is very low. Comprehensive genomic characteristics and high degree of heterogeneity of GBM are main causes that contribute to the absence of effective therapeutic targets and prognostic markers and eventual treatment failures. Here, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore comprehensive genomic characteristics and high degree of heterogeneity of GBM. Our study will help explain potential tumorigenesis mechanism and contribute to development of targeted therapeutics and prediction of patient prognosis.Methods: Gene expression profile of GSE50161 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and GSEA was performed to evaluate the microarray data at level of gene sets of GO, KEGG and hallmark of Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Core enrichments of selected hallmark gene sets were applied for clinical prognosis verification in Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Genes associated with significant overall survival (OS) and unreported before were recognized as novel; the expression levels of novel genes in GBM samples and every novel gene between normal brain and GBM samples were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Pearson correlation analysis were also performed to evaluate the diagnostic biomarkers of GBM and correlations among novel genes respectively.Results: We obtained 511 and 494 GO gene sets, 12 and 10 KEGG gene sets, and 2 and 8 hallmark gene sets in normal and GBM samples respectively. Five novel genes SERPINA5, TENM2, ARAP3, THBD, TCF19 associated with GBM prognosis were selected and four novel genes SERPINA5, TENM2, ARAP3, TCF19 performed well for GBM diagnosis prediction were obtained. In addition, we also found that four novel genes SERPINA5, ARAP3, THBD, TCF19 that high expressed in GBM samples were all positively correlated with each other and correlation between ARAP3 and TCF19 was the strongest.Conclusions: Our study will help deeper understand the molecular heterogeneity and develop of targeted therapeutics of GBM; five novel related to prognosis genes (of which four are also related to diagnosis) may be applied to more accurate clinical decision-making process.

Residual dipolar coupling (RDC) has recently become increasingly important in organic structural determination due to their unique information content. This review provides a brief overview of the basic principle and general strategy in the application of RDC in the structure elucidation of organic molecule. The availability of various alignment media and pulse sequences were also discribed. In addition, the applications of RDCs for the constitution, configuration and conformation determination of natural or synthetic molecules were summarized to exemplify the practical application of the technique in recent years. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future applications were also presented.

Objectives: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are rare, fast-growing lesions of central nervous system and their prognosis is poor. Nowadays, multimodal managements, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are advocated; however, low survival rate and severe neurocognitive toxicity of chemotherapy as well as the irreversible long-term sequelae of irradiation in infants and young children with AT/RTs are alarming. The aim of our study is to provide valid biological information for more tailored advance therapy for these lesions.Methods: Gene expression profile of GSE94349 was downloaded from GEO database and was analyzed using limma R package. Function and enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed based on DAVID database. PPI network construction, hub gene selection and module analysis were conducted in Cytoscape software.Results: In this study, 224 up-regulated genes and 572 down-regulated genes were selected as DEGs. The up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in molecular function and cell component, which mainly included protein binding and nucleus, respectively. The down-regulated DEGs were significantly involved in cell component such as plasma membrane and integral component of membrane. Cell cycle and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling were the main KEGG pathway of up and down DEGs, respectively. CDK1, CCNA2, CDC20, TOP2A were identified as hub genes and two significant network modules were also obtained.Conclusions: Our study may help to further understand the molecular characteristics and provide more tailored targets for future treatment of AT/RTs. Hub genes CDK1, CCNA2, CDC20, TOP2A as well as cell cycle signaling pathway may be new more tailored targets for future treatment of AT/RTs.

Chordoma is a rare tumor with a certain rate of distant metastasis. Skull base and sacrum are the two most common origin sites. This study tends to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between classical clival and sacral chordomas, provide new targets for future treatment options of chordomas.The gene expression profiles of GSE95084 and GSE68497 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database and were analyzed using the limma R package. Function and enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed based on DAVID Database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Cytoscape based on the data collected from STRING online datasets. Hub genes selection and modules analyses of the PPI network were conducted by plugin cytoHubba and MCODE of Cytoscape software, respectively.In total, 728 genes, including 363 up-regulated genes and 365 down-regulated genes were selected as DEGs. Notably, GO analysis showed that both up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in cell component such as an integral component of the membrane, plasma membrane and extracellular exosome. DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways like Pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. FYN, ITGB3, ACTN2 and IGF1 were identified as hub genes and they were all involved in focal adhesion signaling pathway. Furthermore, five significant network modules were obtained from the PPI network.This study helps to further understand the molecular characteristics of classic chordomas of two distinct sites. Hub genes FYN, ITGB3, ACTN2, and IGF1, as well as focal adhesion signaling pathway, would be new targets for future treatment options of chordomas.

A series of enantiopure aziridine carbinols were synthesized from commercially available starting materials ( l -serine and piperonylaldehyde), and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS, and IR. Their enantioselective induction behaviors were evaluated as chiral ligands in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc and phenylethynylzinc to aryl and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Chiral aziridine carbinol 1h was found to catalyze the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes at low catalyst loadings (as little as 1 mol %), and the conversion rates were close to quantitative (up to 97% yield) with good to excellent enantiomeric excesses (up to 98% ee). A possible catalytic reaction mechanism is proposed.

A series of N-ferrocenylmethyl aziridino alcohol ligands bearing Frechet-type dendrimers were synthesized and applied in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes affording chiral alcohols in excellent yields (up to 99%) and excellent enantioselectivities (ee, up to 98%). The ligands could be recycled and reused eight times for such a reaction with almost the original high reactivity and selectivity.

With the growing number of automobiles, it brings both the problem of difficult parking and the increasing traffic accidents in parking process. As one of the important issue in the parking assist system, the detection method of nearest point from the obstacle to automobile body is studied. On the basis of analyzing and comparing several methods of automobile distance detection, a nearest point detection scheme of obstacle is proposed based on machine vision technology. The feature point analysis and matching algorithms of the vision images of the obstacle is analyzed emphatically. The improved Harris algorithm is used to detect the image corners. The basic matrix is used to establish epipolar constraint, and the region matching and parallax principle are used to realize corner matching. The nearest distance detection strategy between the automobile body and obstacle is put forward by polygon fitting for the automobile tail. The experiment results show that this method can effectively measure the nearest point and nearest distance between the automobile body and obstacle, which can provide effective information for the parking assist system and improve the driving safety.

A family of enantiopure β-aminoalcohols based on aziridine backbones were synthesized, and examined as chiral ligands for the copper(II)-catalyzed asymmetric Henry reaction of aromatic aldehydes with nitromethane, giving β-nitroalcohols in excellent yields (up to 93%) and moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 82%). Moreover, possible transition states of the reaction are proposed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In order to provide auxiliary information for car parking, a strategy of detecting the nearest distance between obstacle and vehicle tail was studied based on the binocular vision system and a parking assist system was designed. The captured images processed and analyzed by using binocular vision system, the image distortion was improved by using the histogram correction method, and the influence of noise in space was eliminated by using GAUSS FILTER. Harris algorithm was used to detect the characteristic points accurately, and the feature points were matched. A kind of strategy about detecting the recent distance between obstacles and the rear of vehicle was put forward. When fitting the curve, the curve of car tail was instead by polygon approximation. The detection of closest distance between obstacles and the rear of the vehicle was accomplished by using the binocular vision principle. The distance could be used to provide useful parking information to drivers.

A series of enantiopure aziridine carbinols were synthesized from commercially available starting materials ( l -serine and piperonylaldehyde), and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS, and IR. Their enantioselective induction behaviors were evaluated as chiral ligands in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc and phenylethynylzinc to aryl and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Chiral aziridine carbinol 1h was found to catalyze the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes at low catalyst loadings (as little as 1 mol %), and the conversion rates were close to quantitative (up to 97% yield) with good to excellent enantiomeric excesses (up to 98% ee). A possible catalytic reaction mechanism is proposed.

A novel type of aziridine based ligands is synthesized and the derivative LIG is successfully applied under optimized conditions for the enantioselective Henry reaction of aromatic aldehydes (I).