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SpaceX strategically positions itself within the dynamic market of payload delivery and interplanetary spaceflight, playing a central role in shaping the future of space exploration. By addressing the difficult functioning of the Falcon 9 stages, SpaceX technological sophistication and innovation is the key to their success. Adding another layer to its multifaceted presence, the financial status of SpaceX relies on four key sources of income: public contracts, commercial payload delivery, satellite communications, and strategic funding rounds. This diversified revenue structure not only ensures the company's financial stability but also positions SpaceX as a versatile player in the competitive space industry, making them the most profitable company. Furthermore, SpaceX recognizes the importance of a compelling value proposition that differentiates the company from its competitors. Emphasizing its technological advantage, SpaceX has built a vast network of contractors, both public and private, creating a mutually beneficial ecosystem where the value SpaceX provides is answered by those within its network. This strategic approach not only solidifies SpaceX's unique position in the market but also creates collaboration and innovation within the broader space exploration community. This thesis report shows, SpaceX is a very financially stable company, with a lot of growth potential. The functionality of the Falcon 9, enables SpaceX to create a constant revenue of money for their research and development department. This will be the key to SpaceX success in the future space industry. As they are very ahead of their competitors, they will have the time and the resources to implement new technologies the space industry discovers. For future researchers, a thorough analysis of the manufacturing and the risks analysis could be made, in order to dive deeper into the day to day problems and solutions SpaceX need.

Aquest projecte pretén donar una solució a una explotació ramadera situada al Poal de Manresa que té una nau amb una coberta d’amiant que requereix una substitució però actualment no s’ha dut a terme per l’elevat desemborsament econòmic que requereix. Es proposa una solució que consisteix en la retirada de la coberta d’amiant seguint tots els procediments requerits de salut i seguretat necessaris i ocasionant el menor impacte en el desenvolupament de l’activitat econòmica principal de l’explotació. S’estudia una coberta alternativa a instal·lar que permeti continuar l’activitat a la nau sense cap restricció addicional. S’estudien les necessitats elèctriques de l’explotació i es busquen propostes amb una càrrega ambiental menor a les actuals per a millorar l’explotació i aconseguir i la màxima salut dels animals. Es fa un estudi amb l’eina del PVGIS de la producció fotovoltaica en la nau que es treballa per a avaluar el millor sistema a implementar en funció de la capacitat de producció d’energia fotovoltaica. A partir d’aquest es decideix que es complementa la substitució de la coberta amb una instal·lació d’un sistema d’autoconsum fotovoltaic desconnectat de xarxa complementat amb emmagatzemat d’energia amb bateries i un petit dipòsit d’aigua calenta sanitària que donaran suport a les necessitats de l’explotació. Finalment es realitza un estudi d’impacte ambiental del projecte en el que s’evidencien les necessitats de la implementació del projecte. Es tanca el projecte amb un pressupost d'execució i un estudi de viabilitat econòmica posant diferents escenaris en els que entra en joc les possibles subvencions lligades a la retirada d’amiant i la instal·lació d’energia fotovoltaica.

In an era where environmental concerns and technological innovation intersect, the aviation industry has to begin a transformative journey toward the discovery of sustainable aircraft designs. The study centers around the Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft, a promising design that deviates from conventional designs and has the potential to improve fuel efficiency and reduce noise levels. A detailed aerodynamic analysis of a BWB aircraft model is performed, providing important insights into its performance and feasibility. The BWB aircraft model's aerodynamic performance highlights its extraordinary potential to improve fuel efficiency and minimize noise pollution. A BWB aircraft's curved, continuous wing design allows for more efficient airfoil performance, lowering drag and increasing overall aerodynamic characteristics. This results in lower fuel usage and emissions. Furthermore, the smoother airflow over the fuselage of the blended-body airplane leads to lower noise levels, making it a quieter and more environmentally friendly option when compared to traditional aircraft. The outcomes of this study contribute to the ongoing debate about sustainable aviation by providing a blueprint for shaping the industry's future. The report highlights the importance of innovative aircraft designs in developing a more sustainable and greener future for aviation. This study demonstrates how enhanced aerodynamic performance can contribute significantly to accomplishing these sustainability goals using the aerodynamic analysis of the BWB aircraft model.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the co-adoption of EMS installed in residential single- or multi-family buildings linked to PV and EV charging stations in Switzerland by means of a statistical analysis of an already done survey, and compare them to the factors influencing the adoption of both PV and EV, i.e. compared to the situation where only one of these technologies was implemented. Several are the main contributions of this study: (i) analyzing the influencing factors of EMS co-adopted with other technologies; (ii) comparing the factors influencing the adoption process of different energy technologies; (iii) the influence of the existing energy technology stock in buildings (i.g. heat pump, hot water boiler) on the technology adoption of EMS, PV and EV; (iv) the integration of the co-adoption decision within a conceptual model integrating several theories which model individuals’ behavior and technology adoption decision processes. The results indicate that PV is key for the diffusion of both EMS and EV, and that EMS co-adopters share characteristics in a higher measure with PV adopters, but also with EV adopters. Overall, information is found to be a crucial lever to promote energy technologies, jointly with creating a favorable legal framework and regulations, and making certain infrastructural changes

The commercial supersonic passenger transport business has regained momentum in recent years. With the emergence and development of state-of-the-art technologies, many aerospace companies are now confident of being able to overcome all the technical and economic problems experienced by Concorde, the last supersonic aircraft to operate commercially and the benchmark for all current designs. In this sense, aspects such as the reduction of operating and maintenance costs, the ability to adapt to existing airport infrastructures and compliance with international regulations will be key to the success of the business. In addition, today’s companies will have to face the new challenges of today’s mobility, such as efficiency and sustainability. This study provides an overview, as well as a subsequent global comparison, of the different solutions presented by the various companies that are expected to enter the market in the coming years, consisting of supersonic and hypersonic aircraft capable of delivering performances that were unthinkable just a few years ago, such as being able to travel from London to New York in just 90 minutes in a safe, comfortable and sustainable manner. On the other hand, the study later focuses on a much deeper analysis of the world’s first commercial spaceline, Virgin Galactic, and the business model it is intended to implement for the commercial supersonic transport market. This analysis provides an overview of the company that enables to see how, although Virgin Galactic currently focuses the vast majority of its technological, human and economic resources on the space travel business, the company could take advantage of the capabilities, technologies and expertise developed within this business to be capable of successfully implementing its business model for the supersonic commercial travel market, the Supersonic 2.0 business model. The detailed study of this business model using the Business Model Canvas tool allows to identify the key as

The need to reconsider new alternatives in the world of aviation to cope with the potential problems of the coming decades is becoming increasingly urgent. The use of high-speed vehicles to transport passengers in the stratosphere offer a solution to the present congestion experienced on conventional routes while reducing the impact on the environment. The STRATOFLY H2020 project is presented as one of these alternatives that uses this method. Funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme, the project aims to assess the potential of this type of high-speed transport vehicle to reach Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 by 2035. Therefore, the main purpose of the present thesis is to study the benefits, applications and the economic feasibility of such project and compare them to other point-to-point transport passengers. According to the information obtained from previous articles, the aim is to analyse the project’s activity and philosophy in depth as well as its business opportunities. The work and activity of STRATOFLY are identified with a value chain analysis while the stakeholders and consumer demand are analysed with the Mendelow Matrix. A business model of the project is also presented by the development of a Business Model CANVAS. The results obtained show the advantages and disadvantages as well as the upcoming moves of the project in question.

This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of U-space implementation in Europe, with a specific focus on Croatia, considering its impact on safety, efficiency, and economy. By examining the regulatory framework, the roles of U-space service providers, and demonstrations and trials conducted, this research evaluates the progress and challenges of U-space adoption. The major findings of the analysis reveal the positive impact of U-space on safety, enhancing the integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the airspace while upholding robust safety standards. The evaluation of efficiency demonstrates improved airspace utilization, optimized UAS operations, and cost and time savings through effective U-space management. It is highlighted that the key factor in implementation progress on national base is successful stakeholder collaboration. The countries that have launched projects on national bases lead by their air navigations service providers have shown the biggest advance in implementing U-space. A great example is Croatia’s AMC portal through which Croatia successfully implemented most of its U-space services. Furthermore, the thesis explores the economic and environmental benefits of U-space implementation. It highlights the potential of U-space to drive productivity gains, new business models and services and innovation. Through stakeholder collaboration, involving UAS operators, regulatory authorities, and industry representatives, this research provides valuable insights into U-space implementation in Croatia. It significantly contributes to the knowledge base in this field and offers practical recommendations for enhancing U-space strategies., Incoming

Amidst the increasing interest in supersonic transport business, new emerging companies are presenting its projects and one sector which aims to transform itself or move forward into this direction is suborbital space tourism, with companies like Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin or PD Aerospace (PDAS) developing new point-to-point high speed transportation vehicles. PDAS is a private Japanese company developing a spaceplane capable of suborbital flight dedicated to space tourism thanks to their original rotating detonation engine (RDE) with capabilities of both jet and rocket engine. In order to identify the current state of the company and the potential opportunities and risks PD Aerospace will have in the near future, a business case study is conducted. This is complemented with a business model Canvas which helps to have a broad overview of key factors such as partnerships, capabilities or the value proposition in a visual manner. Even thought PDAS is currently affected by financial and technological limitations, and the near-future market presents itself as volatile and competitive, the company presents a robust business model and still have plenty of opportunities to capitalize on. Their technology demonstrators planned for 2025, if successful, could generate a substantial attraction of funding as their RDE has the potential to be a disruptive technology thanks to its theoretically increase in fuel efficiency (up to 25% compared to regular combustion engines) and the capability to reduce emissions. Even though PDAS current aim is space tourism, it is clear that the business is a technological and financial stepping stone in the direction of future P2P high-speed transportation systems. This thesis aims to be a base for understanding the current state of PDAS and their planned business, as a starting point to evaluate the evolution, capabilities and the competitive edge of the company in possible future works, which should be focused on new-found funding, technologi

This dissertation aims to develop a roadmap methodology incised in developing new materials in Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEO). Said orbits go from 200 to 1200 km, presenting characteristics such as extreme temperatures, radiation exposure and atomic oxygen erosion. Developing novel materials for space exploration that can withstand these conditions is crucial to future space investigation. This roadmap offers a systematic strategy for material development, emphasizing the necessity of conducting fundamental research to comprehend how materials behave in VLEO settings and then developing and testing novel materials with improved performance and durability. Developing novel materials that enable safer and more effective operations in VLEO conditions will be made possible by following this roadmap, which researchers and companies may use to enhance space technology and exploration.

The current trend of the space industry regarding Earth Observation (EO) and Telecommunications satellites is to keep lowering the orbit to increase the resolution of the images, to have a better Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), or to have a lower latency in communications, among others things. Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEO) also offers the possibility to use the increased atmospheric density at low altitudes for novel purposes like aerodynamics-based attitude control. However, flying a satellite in VLEO is a technological challenge because atmospheric density is much higher in VLEO. To maintain a long-term mission, huge amounts of propellant would be needed if current propulsion systems were to be used. A possible solution to extend the lifetime of such missions is Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion (ABEP) that collects atmospheric particles (e.g. atomic oxygen) by an intake and feeds an electric thruster which ionizes and accelerates them to generate thrust. That is what Kreios Space is working on. They are developing an innovative all-electric propulsion system that would not need to carry propellant. On the context of the Kreios Space mission, this project aims to develop a satellite simulator for the Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem (ADCS) for this new satellite prototype. The simulator is developed in MATLAB Simulink. It is a very simple first approach of the subsystem. It aims to develop the bases of the subsystem to then, add new functionalities and make it more accurate as the satellite is developed. The simulator will basically contain the main components in any controlled system, which are: a reference, a controller, the actuators, and the model of the system, which includes the dynamics of the satellite. Additionally, a 3D visualisation block to see the satellite dynamics has been added. Once the simulator is developed, three different studies are carried out. The first one is related with VLEO disturbances. It demonstrates that other disturb

The demand that exists in commercial aviation is increasing more and more frequently, allowing the new space technologies that are being developed to come into play to tackle this problem, which could have a major impact on mobility in the next few years. However, before these new technologies enter the market, they need to be studied and monitored in order to assess their benefits and possible applications in this sector. Nowadays, there are already a large number of active projects that seek to make high-speed passenger air transport a reality, as was already the case with the Concorde at the time but trying to tackle the major drawbacks that this model had, with the application of the innovative technologies that are currently being developed. This study focuses on SpaceX’s project Starship, which through a Case Study, has subsequently integrated all the information obtained in a CANVAS market study; in addition to carrying out an environmental study and an analysis of risks. In addition, it has been possible to identify the key points that intensify the value proposition of the model, but also the weaknesses or shortcomings that could have a negative impact on the outcome of the project. By assessing all these factors, it has been possible to conclude that by using the appropriate measurement tools to control these drawbacks, the company has a proposal with a bright future that is supported by the great potential that SpaceX has thanks to its business lines, its allies/stakeholders and its long experience in the space sector. When new space technologies flourish successfully, this model could become the most powerful in the world.

This thesis serves the objective of developing a methodology for high level strategic planning to link an organisation’s business model with the projection of a technology’s development and its implications on the market. So, the roadmapping methodology proposed involves the definition of a state of the art of the technology studied, an in-depth study of the markets on which it can have an impact, the analysis of stakeholders involved in its development, a quantification of the influence of inside and outside factors on the technology, a projection of the investment budget needs and, finally, a visual representation of the development proposed. The proposed methodology can be applied to a variety of technologies with only little adaptation needed. In this thesis, it has been applied to a case study of Air Breathing Electric Propulsion (ABEP) in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) missions. VLEO refers to the region of Earth’s orbit between 80 and 400 km from the surface. This region has not been able to be exploited due to its conditions of high particle density, which creates drag and reduces the life of satellite missions dramatically, and the presence of highly corrosive atomic gas species. ABEP is a technology in development that collects these harmful particles and uses them as propellant for its electric thrusters, canceling the drag created and enabling sustainable long-term missions in VLEO. Through a series of commonly used tools for strategic planning and business analysis, a series of actions are proposed to deal with the main factors around the development of ABEP for the next 15 years. A cumulative investment budget of €2641 million is also calculated to best develop the proposed actions in the studied time span.

A guide for engineers to better understand space economy. A guide for policy-makers to better understand the space sector. The statement above is probably the best way to sum up the main goal of this work: to connect space engineering and economy in a theoretical approach. The proposal for the thesis is to study the economy of space in Europe and the main challenges for the crucial future decades. This work is intended to give insight into economic strategies in order to enhance the growth of the space sector whilst also detailing the state of space technology in Europe today. This thesis should be useful as a guide for those looking to comprehend the state of space technology in Europe, those interested in creating new companies and those who want to invest in space technology. The broader goal is to focus on solving the fundamental Five Ws with respect to space technology and its socio-economic consequences in Europe. All fundamental questions must be assessed avoiding prior subjective assumptions and/or desired outcomes. Space is experiencing a major shift from concentrated government-lead projects to an ever-increasing volume of commercial activities. This thesis aims to break down the fundamental aspects that are driving the current transformation of space1 while also taking a deep dive into the European space sector, future space economy trends and Europe’s role in the global space sector. In addition, the future of space clusters, space agencies and private-public interactions will be studied. The statement and aim are broad indicators of the contents of the thesis. Before defining specific objectives, some of the topics need defining in a more precise way. Let us make a list of relevant topics to be assessed in the thesis: The emerging NewSpace and Space 4.0 agenda proposed and adopted by ESA require space technologies to be developed coordinating public and private sectors. The rapid increase of private market ecosystems in space in the US and the emerging

El control de tripulaciones es un aspecto muy relevante dentro de cualquier aerolínea, independientemente de su tamaño. El papel del departamento de Crew Control es asegurarse de que todos los vuelos de una compañía queden cubiertos en cuanto a tripulación técnica y de cabina, cumpliendo siempre la normativa vigente. Además, se trata de un departamento con muchas posibilidades de mejora, tanto en factores humanos como técnicos , ambos se van a tratar en este trabajo.

The Satellite for Orbital Aerodynamics Research (SOAR) is a 3U CubeSat mission that aims to investigate the gas–surface interactions (GSIs) of diferent materials in the very low Earth orbit environment (VLEO), i.e. below 450 km. Improving the understanding of these interactions is critical for the development of satellites that can operate sustainably at these lower orbital altitudes, with particular application to future Earth observation and communications missions. SOAR has been designed to perform the characterisation of the aerodynamic coefcients of four diferent materials at diferent angles of incidence with respect to the fow and at diferent altitudes in the VLEO altitude range. Two conventional and erosion-resistant materials (borosilicate glass and sputter-coated gold) have frst been selected to support the validation of the ground-based Rarefed Orbital Aerodynamics Research (ROAR) facility. Two further, novel materials have been selected for their potential to reduce the drag experienced in orbit whilst also remaining resistant to the detrimental efects of atomic oxygen erosion in VLEO. In this paper, the uncertainty associated with the experimental method for determining the aerodynamic coeffcients of satellite with diferent confgurations of the test materials from on-orbit data is estimated for diferent assumed gas–surface interaction properties. The presented results indicate that for reducing surface accommodation coefcients the experimental uncertainty on the drag coefcient determination generally increases, a result of increased aerodynamic attitude perturbations. This efect is also exacerbated by the high atmospheric density at low orbital altitude (i.e. 200 km), resulting in high experimental uncertainty. Co-rotated steerable fn confgurations are shown to provide generally lower experimental uncertainty than counter-rotated confgurations, with the lowest uncertainties expected in the mid-VLEO altitudes (~300 km). For drag coefcient experiments, con, Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura, Postprint (published version)

Operating satellites in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) benefit the already expanding New Space industry in applications including Earth Observation and beyond. However, long-term operations at such low altitudes require propulsion systems to compensate for the large aerodynamic drag forces. When using conventional propulsion systems, the amount of storable propellant limits the maximum mission lifetime. The latter can be avoided by employing Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion (ABEP) system, which collects the residual atmospheric particles and uses them as propellant for an electric thruster. Thus, the requirement of on-board propellant storage can ideally be nullified. At the Institute of Space Systems (IRS) of the University of Stuttgart, an intake, and a RF Helicon-based Plasma Thruster (IPT) for ABEP system are developed within the Horizons 2020 funded DISCOVERER project. To assess possible future use cases, this paper proposes and analyzes several novel ABEP-based mission scenarios. Beginning with technology demonstration mission in VLEO, more complex mission scenarios are derived and discussed in detail. These include, amongst others, orbit maintenance around Mars as well as refuelling and space tug missions. The results show that the ABEP system is not only able to compensate drag for orbit maintenance but also capable of performing orbital maneuvers and collect propellant for applications such as Space Tug and Refuelling. Thus, showing a multitude of different future mission applications., This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 737183. This reflects only the author’s view, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

We present the validation of ADBSat, a novel implementation of the panel method including a fast pseudo-shading algorithm, that can quickly and accurately determine the forces and torques on satellites in free-molecular flow. Our main method of validation is comparing test cases between ADBSat, the current de facto standard of direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), and published literature. ADBSat exhibits a significantly shorter runtime than DSMC and performs well, except where deep concavities are present in the satellite models. The shading algorithm also experiences problems when a large proportion of the satellite surface area is oriented parallel to the flow, but this can be mitigated by examining the body at small angles to this configuration (± 0.1°). We recommend that an error interval on ADBSat outputs of up to 3% is adopted. Therefore, ADBSat is a suitable tool for quickly determining the aerodynamic characteristics of a wide range of satellite geometries in different environmental conditions in VLEO. It can also be used in a complementary manner to identify cases that warrant further investigation using other numerical-based methods., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura, Postprint (published version)

Throughout this study, the application of satellites in a Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) is analyzed to complement the already existing technologies used for vessels tracking. This study is part of the DISCOVERER project, which focuses on the research and development of VLEO technologies to apply them in Earth Observation (EO). Within the team, the UPC focuses on market analysis and the study of business opportunities for VLEO technologies. A value proposition is developed following the Canvas model, this being the strategy used to offer a service to a specific client. For the development of the value proposition, the study focuses on optimizing vessels tracking for maritime transport companies. A market study is carried out previously, to analyse how could the value proposition fit in it. The analysis determines that the optimal methodology and technologies to complement the platforms currently used for vessels tracking with an AIS system (Automatic Identification System) installed, is through Data Integration. This method refers to the combination of the data obtained by different platforms (satellites with different technologies and in different orbits complementing both, aerial and terrestrial platforms) once received in the ground station. For the tracking of those ships exempt from carrying an AIS transponder or those that do not want to be tracked, the optimal tracking method would be the combination of data between different platforms before being received on the ground station (System Integration).

We currently live in a world where technology predominates and advances very quickly, developing applications and devices that help us in daily life to improve our lives and solve everyday problems. One of these technologies that are in full development and evolution are the Drones, or also called RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System). These systems are unmanned aerial vehicles that offer us infinity applications to cover these needs and problems that we have on a daily basis. On the other hand, another technology that is in full development and that has been seen to have great potential for developing applications is Artificial Intelligence (AI). To quickly define AI, we say that it is the intelligence that humans develop with body, brain and mind but expressed by a machine, processor and software. Thanks to the fact that Drones can fly over places where humans cannot reach, through their cameras we can see what is in those areas, so one of the most useful applications in Drones is Search and Rescue operations. The main focus of this project is to merge RPAS with AI to develope a Search and Rescue application. For this, an executable software has been created for any computer, which will allow to detect people lost in the forest or other places, through a video, either through a Streaming on Youtube or a video saved locally, allowing detection both in real time as well as in deferred time, making the detection done by the machine and the human being able to do other functions while the search is done with the Drone. The objective is to use both, the thermal and visual cameras of a Drone, to record a video or stream the image and send it to the software so that, through Artificial Intelligence, if it finds a person, it detects the human and an alarm sounds. The software has been developed in Python, an open source, cross-platform programming language that can be used for web development, software creation, and data processing. This language is truly useful since i

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) have the potential to harness wind resources in deepwater, which is so far prohibitive for conventional approaches. This, however, comes at a cost: the platform’s extra degrees of freedom (DoFs) introduce complex aerodynamic and hydrodynamic behaviours. Therefore, FOWTs must be accurately modeled to reduce load uncertainties that ultimately prejudice their economic viability. This project implements a framework for the coupled, high-fidelity simulation of FOWTs in OpenFOAM. The tool is built upon two existing libraries: turbinesFoam [1] —for rotor modeling based on the actuator line method— and waves2Foam [2] —for wave-field generation and absorption based on the relaxation zone method. The multi-phase simulation uses the interFoam solver in combination with a morphing mesh technique and rigid-body model to represent the platform. The mooring restraints are computed with a quasi-steady, catenary model from waves2Foam. The turbinesFoam library, targeted at bottomfixed turbines, is modified so that it can accommodate arbitrary motions along the rigid-body DoFs. The platform-turbine FSI coupling follows a serial sub-iterating strategy based on the PIMPLE scheme. The simulation framework is built in a sequential style. First, the propagation of second-order waves in an empty tank is studied, followed by the decay oscillation of floating buoys from the experiments by Ito and Palm et al. [3, 4]. Then, the modified version of turbinesFoam is tested for the conditions from the OC6 Phase III campaign —a series of wind-tunnel tests carried out at Politecnico di Milano that analyzed the performance of a scaled 10-MW turbine under prescribed motions in pitch and surge [5]. Lastly, the coupled simulation of a 2-DoF (surge and pitch) semi-submersible FOWT under combined wind-wave conditions is achieved. The presented framework proved capable of modeling the aerodynamic performance of turbines under prescribed motion and produced plausible r

Amb la crisi sanitària que està vivint el món a causa del coronavirus, moltes són les preocupacions i pors dels ciutadans. Les activitats es limiten i s'evita al màxim les aglomeracions de persones per evitar els contagis. Encara així hi ha serveis essencials que per la seva naturalesa sempre concentraran a un gran nombre de persones, es tracta del transport públic. Buscant resoldre les preocupacions dels ciutadans i sob retot donar eines i informació de forma pública per a la conscienciació de la societat, aquest treball busca el desenvolupament d'un sistema capaç de monitorar la qualitat de l'aire al transport públic de la ciutat, inicialment a la ciutat de Barcelona. El desenvolupament del treball engloba un estudi de salut per a definir els components que mesura el sistema i un estudi basat en una recerca acadèmica sobre la influència del coronavirus a l'aire, resultant amb l'exclusió d'aquest del sistema a causa de la dificultat i incertesa de la seva mesura a l'aire. Es desenvolupa un prototip per a la validació del sistema, buscant la seva escalabilitat, la seva adaptació al transport públic i la validació de la tecnologia que sustenta el projecte, la creació d'una xa rxa basada en el IoT (Internet of Things) que sigui capaç de reportar la informació de forma dinàmica en temps real perquè sigui visualitzada pels usuaris del servei a través d'una aplicació mòbil. En aquest document també s'ha inclòs les següents fases pe r a la implementació del projecte en un marc real, així com línies futures per a la millora d'aquest

Aquest treball s'ha desenvolupat en el marc del programa europeu DISCOVERER (Disruptive Technologies for Very Low Earth Orbit Platforms, EC-H2020-737183)

Aquest projecte tracte sobre el disseny d’un cultiu hidropònic, que és un mètode de conreu de plantes fent servir solucions químiques de nutrients minerals dins l'aigua, sense fer servir cap mena de terra. Consisteix en un cultiu que utilitza aigua amb nutrients per cultivar, en aquest cas el projecte té l’objectiu de cultivar enciams. Els planters dels enciams son unes estructures que utilitzen aigua amb nutrients provinent d’un dipòsit enriquit amb nutrients, aquesta aigua torna al dipòsit per tornar a ser enriquida amb nutrients, fent ús de un sistema de reutilització de l’aigua, d’aquesta manera es realitza un sistema més compromès amb el sistema mediambiental ja que no fa ús de tanta quantitat d’aigua com un sistema convencional amb cultiu amb terra fèrtil. L'objectiu del projecte està enfocat al disseny del cultiu i la planificació de l’espai. L’objectiu es un projecte a escala industrial d’una activitat de explotació agrícola.

The DISCOVERER project commenced in 2017 with the aim to advance the development of key technologies to enable the commercially viable, sustained operation of satellites in very low Earth orbits (VLEO). Funded by the European Commission through Horizon 2020, the project ends this month. This paper presents an overview of the key achievements and current status of the project. The project set out to advance the development of, and demonstrate, several technologies with the long-term aim of enabling the commercial use of VLEO. These technologies include: 1. aerodynamic materials which encourage specular scattering of the incoming flow to minimise drag and increase the performance of aerodynamic surfaces in the highly rarefied flows experienced in VLEO 2. aerodynamic attitude control methods to compensate for the dynamic flow environment, especially lower in the VLEO altitude range 3. atmosphere breathing electric propulsion (ABEP), combining an optimised atmospheric intake with advanced RF Helicon-based plasma thruster, for drag compensation DISCOVERER’s test satellite, the Satellite for Orbital Aerodynamics Research or SOAR, was deployed from the International Space Station in June 2021 and re-entered the atmosphere in March 2022. The primary aim was to measure the induced drag and lift on different aerodynamic materials candidates in VLEO by exposing panels, coated in various novel and control materials, to the flow at different orientations whilst observing the induced attitude and orbit perturbations produced. Early analysis of the results from the mission shows promising results for the novel materials developed as part of the project. Parallel studies on the long-term survivability of these materials to the space environment have been on-going through exposure tests on the exterior of the International Space Station through the MISSE programme. The project has also been developing a ground-based facility, the Rarefied Orbital Aerodynamics Research facility, to c, Peer Reviewed, Article signat per 30 autors: Peter C.E. Roberts, Nicholas H. Crisp, Steve Edmondson, Antonio Arcos, Georg H. Herdrich, Jonathan Skalden, Silvia Rodriguez-Donaire, Daniel Garcia-Almiñana, Alejandro Macario-Rojas, Katharine L. Smith, Ciara Mcgrath, Sarah J. Haigh, Vitor T.A. Oiko, Brandon E.A. Holmes, Luciana A. Sinpetru, Virginia Hanessian, Simon Christensen, Thomas Kauffman Jensen, Jens Nielsen, Morten Bisgaard, Francesco Romano, Stefanos Fasoulas, Constantin Traub, Konstantinos Papvramidis, Miquel Sureda, Dhiren Kataria, Badia Belkouchi, Alexis Conte, Simon Seminari, Rachel Villain, Postprint (published version)

Background: Collaborations between universities and industries are common to foster innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises. Participants of these collaborations face several challenges related to these collaborations. Universities and Industries work in different environments and value different priorities. Current literature shows that the challenges due to the organisational differences in these collaborations lead to the most significant challenges. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore and analyse how participants of UI collaborations perceive and manage organisational differences between universities and industries when the industry participant is a SME and the academic are students. This study aspires to discover and outline some specific characteristics of the organisational differences appearing in student-SME collaborations. Method: To fulfil the purpose, a qualitative study was conducted. The empirical data was collected in ten semi-structured interviews. Two projects of two master programmes at Jönköping University and experienced facilitators of university-industry collaborations were interviewed. The focus of the interviews was to get to know the participants' experience related to the organisational differences. Conclusion: The study's findings show how organisational differences in student-SME collaborations are perceived differently than in generic UI collaborations. Three elements were found as the main aspects influencing the perception of the organisational differences in student-SME projects: individual factors, perspective and collaborative factors. Finally, the findings show a positive contribution towards innovation in the SME participating in these projects

Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEOs), those below 450 km, present a number of benefits and challenges for the development and operation of Earth observation spacecraft at both the system and mission level. This paper examines the design of constellations of satellites for operation in VLEO for Earth observation considering both system and mission level trade-offs. The resulting analysis identifies general design trends and proposes suitable mission architectures for Earth observation from VLEO. The principal benefit for satellites operating in VLEO is that the reduction in the distance to the Earth’s surface allows better imaging resolution to be achieved using smaller and less powerful payloads. This has corresponding benefits for the system mass and cost. However, the sustained and controlled operation of spacecraft in VLEO is challenging due to the increased atmospheric density at these altitudes, which increases propulsive and attitude control requirements. Technologies to facilitate the commercially viable operation of spacecraft in VLEO are currently being developed, for example materials to facilitate drag-reduction and aerodynamic control and atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion systems (ABEP), each of which influence the design of other sub-systems, requiring, for example, varying levels of power or new geometric considerations. At the mission level, the reduction in altitude has a generally negative influence on the coverage and revisit characteristics of a given satellite. However, deployment of these satellites in constellations can provide improvements in the overall system metrics. Systems operating in VLEO may also benefit from improved launch vehicle capability and assured end-of-life deorbit. It is clear, therefore, that important and non-intuitive trade-offs between the satellite platform design, constellation configuration, and total cost arise in the design of these systems. This paper uses combined platform-level system modelling and mission analys, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The Satellite for Orbital Aerodynamics Research (SOAR) is a 3U CubeSat that has been designed to investigate the aerodynamic performance of different materials and perform demonstrations of aerodynamic attitude control manoeuvres in very low Earth orbit (VLEO). SOAR was deployed from the ISS on 14th June 2021 into a naturally decaying orbit and deorbited on 14th March 2022. This paper provides an overview of the operations performed during the mission and presents preliminary experimental results obtained from this spacecraft. SOAR was designed and launched within the frame of DISCOVERER, a Horizon 2020 project that aimed to support the development of a new class of commercially viable spacecraft operating in VLEO, i.e., orbits below 450 km in altitude. Operating in these lower altitude orbits has several benefits to the design of spacecraft, particularly for Earth observation and communications applications. However, development of spacecraft that can operate sustainably at these altitudes requires advancement in foundational technologies, for example atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion (ABEP) and novel aerodynamic materials. The primary aim of SOAR was to characterise the aerodynamic performance of different materials at very low altitudes and accomplished this task using a set of steerable fins that exposed different materials to the oncoming flow and an ion and neutral mass spectrometer (INMS) to provide in-situ measurements of atmospheric properties. SOAR was also designed to perform novel aerodynamic attitude control manoeuvres and measurements of thermospheric winds. Two of the materials carried to orbit were selected for their atomic oxygen erosion resistance and potential improvement in aerodynamic performance. The identification of such materials would allow for a reduction in the drag experienced in VLEO, the design of atmospheric intakes with greater efficiency used for ABEP, and implementation of enhanced aerodynamic attitude and orbit control. Ong, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

JetCycle’s new foil cycling craft, the JetCycle Max, is set to hit the market in the 202 1 summer season. This innovative, ambitious idea was born from a discussion between a former Tour de France director and a town mayor in the Pays de la Loire region in 2012, and it was soon delegated to the Savoie Mont Blanc University for its technical development. After the construction of 2 prototypes in 2016 and 2019 Cycle. , the level of maturity of the project caught the attention of institutions and investors willing to contribute to the success of the Jet The year 2020 was a remarkable year for the project, with the creation of the company in October and the progress of the industrial prototyping phase, in which key industrial partners were secured for the stages that would follow: product validation and small to middle scale industrialisation. The mission of the internship , which was conducted within Grenoble INP’s Sustainable Industrial Engineering Master’s Degree program, was defined for the kick industrialisation phase of the JetCycloff of the e Max, with the objective of establishing the basic methodology of the industrial process around the craft. As part of the on months of the internship covered a testing and improvement phase prototype that would lead t boarding, the first of the industrial o the final validation of the product. Such advancements and the encountered difficulties have been reported and documented in detail to keep track of the progress of the project. During the product validation phase, the coordination with the aforementione d industrial partners (foil manufacturer, composite materials expert for hull construction, industrial designer) was crucial with regards to the commercialisation of an impeccably finished and fully functional product, which would be situated in the high p rice range of the nautical leisure sector. The internship concluded with the conception of a stock management system for the small assemblies and the and middle scale in

The space industry is growing and space data are becoming accessible to businesses that were previously unthinkable. Constellations of small satellites in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) have created a gap that is allowing small and medium-sized space companies to gain momentum by developing new strategies and technologies. According to Euroconsult forecasting, the NewSpace market will grow from $12.6 billion to $42.8 billion in the next decade (2019–2028). Despite the study’s limitations and the uncertainties of the small satellite market, the results obtained in this exploratory research suggest that the Low-Cost Carriers (LCC) market, an already established market in the aviation industry, and the growing market of EO small satellite constellations in VLEO have similar behaviours. This behaviour shows that the evolution of EO smallsat constellations in VLEO is comparable with the evolution of the LCC airlines. In addition, the result also identifies a set of competitive factors that allow the researchers to observe similar strategic behaviour in both markets, Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura, Postprint (published version)

El presente trabajo de final de estudios tiene como objetivo analizar la eficiencia energética de un edificio de oficinas adjunto a un apartadero ferroviario, así como su certificación. Para ello, será primordial comprender el estudio del arte y analizar los factores determinantes en la eficiencia energética de edificios, así como en la certificación. Seguidamente, se procederá a analizar el estado de eficiencia energética actual de la edificación y su certificación mediante herramientas oficiales para este cometido gracias a, previamente, haber estudiado profundamente la estructura del edificio y sus diferentes suministros y consumos energéticos actuales gracias al contacto directo con el proveedor. A continuación, se presentarán y examinarán los resultados obtenidos, los cuáles servirán como referencia para plantear alternativas mejoren que tanto la eficiencia energética como la certificación vigente del edificio. Posteriormente, se estudiará el impacto de estas alternativas mediante la reanálisis de la eficiencia energética y certificación de la construcción. Una vez recalculado ambos parámetros, se compararán directamente con los resultados previamente obtenidos que reflejan la situación actual del edificio con tal de profundizar en la importancia de las mejoras planteadas Finalmente, a modo de conclusión, se valorará la viabilidad de implementación de estas alternativas, teniendo en cuenta su presupuesto y opción de instalación en el propio edificio, así como su impacto social y ambiental.