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[EN] The Geominero Museum is a public museum that currently depends on the IGME - CSIC National Centre. A valuable geological heritage made up of more than 100,000 specimens of fossils, minerals and rocks is kept by the Museum, whose origin dates back to the second half of the 19th century. Its objectives are to conserve, disseminate and research the richness and diversity of the palaeontological, mineralogical and petrological heritage from all Spanish regions, as well as from former Spanish colonies and some representative sites of the geological record of the world. From the 1990s until 2021, the Museum has worked in three areas: research, curation-restoration and education-dissemination. A vocational and consolidated staff has achieved to position the Museo Geominero among the national and international distinguished geological museums. However, as of Royal Decree 202/2021, 30th March, the Museum missed one of its main roles: research. The reduction in Geominero Museum staff, therefore the capacities to take on museum objectives are also reduced (see the definition of a Museum by International Council of Museums, ICOM), the current weakness of the synergies previously created between researchers, curators and disseminators and a lack of expertise staff on educational and dissemination activities, have led the Museum to become a mere exhibition space for exhibiting specimens. It does not seem a very promising future for a Museum that has been a main window to the world for such an emblematic, prestigious and a long and fruitful history institution as the Spanish Geological and Mining Institute (IGME).

Human impact on western Mediterranean mountains is gaining more attention, as they harbour a rich plant diversity threatened by global change. This paper presents an analysis of two pollen records from both sides of Sierra Nevada, the prime plant-diversity centre of the Mediterranean, spanning the last 5400 years. The analysis sought to answer the following key questions: When did natural systems transform to cultural landscapes? What was the intensity and extent of alterations driven by the diverse civilizations? A compilation of archaeological and paleaeoclimatic data supported this analysis, as well as a multi-proxy palaeoecological study using pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and microcharcoal, searching for the imprint that diverse societies left on these mountains. Results suggest that human influences started earlier than expected, with a strong impact on forest cover, oriented more towards crops on the southern face and towards livestock on the northern one, whereas mining and metallurgy were initial key drivers of population dynamics. Irrigation has supported farming since at least the Islamic period. More recent anthropogenic control and land-use management have allowed a further spread of the tree cover. Proper conservation strategies need long-term perspectives, including palaeoecological studies. The preservation of traditional human activities like grazing, high-elevation cropping or irrigation systems become essential to maintain current biodiversity., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)/Gobierno de Andalucia/Fondo Regional de Desarrollo Económico(FEDER), Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PAIDI 2020)//Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER), Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

El asentamiento fortificado de Albalat (Cáceres) se ubica en lo que se convirtió desde finales del s. XI en una zona fronteriza entre al-Andalus y los reinos cristianos. Su destrucción y consiguiente abandono tras su conquista en torno al año 1142 ha propiciado la conservación de un abundante registro material, bien contextualizado hacia el final de la etapa almorávide. = The fortified settlement of Albalat (Cáceres) is located in a border zone set between al-Andalus and the Christian Kingdom at the end of the 11th century. Albalat was destroyed and then abandoned after its conquest by Christian forces in 1142, which resulted in the conservation of a sizeable amount of archaeological remains and small finds, from contexts dated towards the end of the Almoravid period. Several handcraft and manufacturing activities can be related to the presence of a military contingent, including more specifically the recent discovery of a bone workshop where crossbow nuts were produced, probably along with other objects. These testimonies of deer bone and antler working also shed new light on the by-products of the intense hunting activity that had already been evidenced by archaeology and, more broadly, on the “chaîne opératoire” of this type of industry.

Human impact on western Mediterranean mountains is gaining more attention, as they harbour a rich plant diversity threatened by global change. This paper presents an analysis of two pollen records from both sides of Sierra Nevada, the prime plant-diversity centre of the Mediterranean, spanning the last 5400 years. The analysis sought to answer the following key questions: When did natural systems transform to cultural landscapes? What was the intensity and extent of alterations driven by the diverse civilizations? A compilation of archaeological and paleaeoclimatic data supported this analysis, as well as a multi-proxy palaeoecological study using pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and microcharcoal, searching for the imprint that diverse societies left on these mountains. Results suggest that human influences started earlier than expected, with a strong impact on forest cover, oriented more towards crops on the southern face and towards livestock on the northern one, whereas mining and metallurgy were initial key drivers of population dynamics. Irrigation has supported farming since at least the Islamic period. More recent anthropogenic control and land-use management have allowed a further spread of the tree cover. Proper conservation strategies need long-term perspectives, including palaeoecological studies. The preservation of traditional human activities like grazing, high-elevation cropping or irrigation systems become essential to maintain current biodiversity.

Human impact on western Mediterranean mountains is gaining more attention, as they harbour a rich plant diversity threatened by global change. This paper presents an analysis of two pollen records from both sides of Sierra Nevada, the prime plant-diversity centre of the Mediterranean, spanning the last 5400 years. The analysis sought to answer the following key questions: When did natural systems transform to cultural landscapes? What was the intensity and extent of alterations driven by the diverse civilizations? A compilation of archaeological and paleaeoclimatic data supported this analysis, as well as a multi-proxy palaeoecological study using pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and microcharcoal, searching for the imprint that diverse societies left on these mountains. Results suggest that human influences started earlier than expected, with a strong impact on forest cover, oriented more towards crops on the southern face and towards livestock on the northern one, whereas mining and metallurgy were initial key drivers of population dynamics. Irrigation has supported farming since at least the Islamic period. More recent anthropogenic control and land-use management have allowed a further spread of the tree cover. Proper conservation strategies need long-term perspectives, including palaeoecological studies. The preservation of traditional human activities like grazing, high-elevation cropping or irrigation systems become essential to maintain current biodiversity.

Aim Disentangling the relative importance of climatic and anthropogenic factors is crucial in conservation biology but problematic using short‐term data only. Long‐term (palaeobiological) data are thus increasingly being used to understand taxon history and to identify potential status and baseline (pre‐anthropogenic) conditions, which in turn allows the optimization of species conservation plans. We combined species distribution models (SDMs) with current and palaeo‐occurrences of Microtus cabrerae, a threatened Mediterranean rodent, to circumvent the limitations of the palaeorecord (e.g. spatio‐temporal bias), to characterize this rodent's history (potential status and baseline conditions) since the Mid‐Holocene (~6,000 yr BP), and to determine the relative importance of climatic and anthropogenic factors in its decline.

Aim Disentangling the relative importance of climatic and anthropogenic factors is crucial in conservation biology but problematic using short‐term data only. Long‐term (palaeobiological) data are thus increasingly being used to understand taxon history and to identify potential status and baseline (pre‐anthropogenic) conditions, which in turn allows the optimization of species conservation plans. We combined species distribution models (SDMs) with current and palaeo‐occurrences of Microtus cabrerae, a threatened Mediterranean rodent, to circumvent the limitations of the palaeorecord (e.g. spatio‐temporal bias), to characterize this rodent's history (potential status and baseline conditions) since the Mid‐Holocene (~6,000 yr BP), and to determine the relative importance of climatic and anthropogenic factors in its decline.

The multidisciplinary Albalat Project launched in 2009 aims to document a small fortified Islamic establishment, mentioned by textual sources as early as the second half of the 10th century. The site of Albalat became a strategic target for Christian troops due to its location, leading to its siege and systematic destruction in 1142. Its exceptional condition of complete abandonment offers a valuable record of daily life in the Almoravid era. The material culture of this period is, so far, poorly known. In the site, >House 1> was the first to have been excavated. The collapse of the house allowed the in situ conservation of an abundance of material as well as the preservation of numerous bioarchaeological remains. Some of the architectural characteristics as well as the quality of the archaeological material led us to think that its inhabitants might have had a notable status. For this reason, we decided to synthesize all zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical (charcoal fragments and seeds) data available for this part of the site, in order to document the lifestyle of the inhabitants, and to investigate the resources they consumed as well as the types of environments exploited to produce these resources. Based on the bioarchaeological results, it appears the inhabitants of House 1 had access to a wide diversity of resources from the different environmental contexts probably available near the site (open fields, forest, riverbanks and the river itself). Though diverse, the species encountered in House 1 do not reveal a special or higher status of its inhabitants and are, on the contrary, common in the medieval Muslim settlements of the peninsula.

La aparición de la frontera entre el Reino Nazarí de Granada y la Corona de Castilla creó una situación especial que influyó en casi todos los aspectos de la vida de las poblaciones cercanas. En este estudio comparamos la fauna obtenida en el yacimiento de La Moraleda (ss. XIV-XV, Antequera, Málaga) con la de otros yacimientos coetáneos del interior del reino nazarí para comprobar si esta situación también afectó el manejo y pautas de consumo de la cabaña ganadera. El yacimiento de La Moraleda muestra una presencia mucho más elevada de grandes ungulados, que ha sido explicada porque el conflicto militar que sufrió la zona redujo la disponibilidad de las fuentes de carne habituales (ovejas y cabras) obligando a sus habitantes a explotar alternativas como el vacuno, los équidos y la caza mayor., The border area between Nasrid and Castille Kingdom created a special situation which influenced every aspect of life in nearby settlements. In this study, we compare fauna from the site of La Moraleda (14th-15th C., Antequera, Málaga) to other coetaneous sites from the interior of Nasrid Kingdom, to determinate if this situation also afected the usage and consumption patterns of the livestock. The faunistic data of La Moraleda shows a important presence of large ungulates, which has been explained by the military conflict that caused a decreased in the usual meat resources (sheeps and goats) forcing people to use alternatives such as bovinae, equidae and great hunting.

In this article, we provide a map representing the whole distribution area of Iberomys cabrerae, displayed in UTM System, at a scale of 10x10 km squares. Our results show that a) the records are included in 420 squares, which are grouped in four large, disjunct nuclei: Luso-Carpetanian, Montiberian, Baetic and Prepyrenean, the Luso-Carpetanian grouping the largest number of populations, and the Prepyrenean (isolated and threatened) including the smallest number of populations; b) it is necessary to conduct surveys in certain poorly explored areas; and c) available data on the population status are unbalanced in quality and geographic distribution, providing an inaccurate picture of the global conservation status, and preventing the development of global strategies for an adequate conservation and management of the species., Neste estudo é apresentado um mapa de quadrículas UTM 10x10 km para toda a área de distribuição de Iberomys cabrerae. A partir dos dados obtidos destacamos que a) as 420 quadrículas com dados se concentram em 4 grandes núcleos disjuntos (Luso-Carpetano, Montibérico, Bético y Prepirenaico), das quais o mais importante é o Luso-Carpetano e o mais pequeno, isolado e ameaçado é o Preirenáico; b) é necessário intensificar a procura de populações em áreas ainda pouco estudadas; e c) os dados disponíveis sobre a situação das populações têm uma qualidade muito desigual, diferindo igualmente entre regiões, o que não permite ter uma imagem clara do seu estado de conservação, nem desenvolver estratégias de proteção e gestão adequadas., Presentamos en este artículo el mapa con el área de distribución global de Iberomys cabrerae, en cuadrículas UTM 10x10 km. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, destacamos que a) las 420 cuadrículas con citas se concentran en cuatro grandes núcleos disjuntos (Luso-Carpetano, Montibérico, Bético y Prepirenaico), de los cuales el más extenso es el Luso-Carpetano y el más pequeño, aislado y amenazado es el Prepirenaico; b) sería necesario intensificar la búsqueda de poblaciones en áreas próximas aún poco estudiadas; y c) los datos disponibles sobre la situación de las poblaciones tienen una calidad y distribución geográfica muy desigual, con lo que no disponemos de una imagen clara de su estado de conservación ni se pueden desarrollar estrategias de protección y gestión adecuadas

In this article, we provide a map representing the whole distribution area of Iberomys cabrerae, displayed in UTM System, at a scale of 10x10 km squares. Our results show that a) the records are included in 420 squares, which are grouped in four large, disjunct nuclei: Luso-Carpetanian, Montiberian, Baetic and Prepyrenean, the Luso-Carpetanian grouping the largest number of populations, and the Prepyrenean (isolated and threatened) including the smallest number of populations; b) it is necessary to conduct surveys in certain poorly explored areas; and c) available data on the population status are unbalanced in quality and geographic distribution, providing an inaccurate picture of the global conservation status, and preventing the development of global strategies for an adequate conservation and management of the species., Neste estudo é apresentado um mapa de quadrículas UTM 10x10 km para toda a área de distribuição de Iberomys cabrerae. A partir dos dados obtidos destacamos que a) as 420 quadrículas com dados se concentram em 4 grandes núcleos disjuntos (Luso-Carpetano, Montibérico, Bético y Prepirenaico), das quais o mais importante é o Luso-Carpetano e o mais pequeno, isolado e ameaçado é o Preirenáico; b) é necessário intensificar a procura de populações em áreas ainda pouco estudadas; e c) os dados disponíveis sobre a situação das populações têm uma qualidade muito desigual, diferindo igualmente entre regiões, o que não permite ter uma imagem clara do seu estado de conservação, nem desenvolver estratégias de proteção e gestão adequadas., Presentamos en este artículo el mapa con el área de distribución global de Iberomys cabrerae, en cuadrículas UTM 10x10 km. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, destacamos que a) las 420 cuadrículas con citas se concentran en cuatro grandes núcleos disjuntos (Luso-Carpetano, Montibérico, Bético y Prepirenaico), de los cuales el más extenso es el Luso-Carpetano y el más pequeño, aislado y amenazado es el Prepirenaico; b) sería necesario intensificar la búsqueda de poblaciones en áreas próximas aún poco estudiadas; y c) los datos disponibles sobre la situación de las poblaciones tienen una calidad y distribución geográfica muy desigual, con lo que no disponemos de una imagen clara de su estado de conservación ni se pueden desarrollar estrategias de protección y gestión adecuadas

Se presenta una formulación basada en integrales de contorno para el análisis de problemas de contacto sin fricción en termoelasticidad bidimensional. Como modelo de resistencia térmica en la zona de contacto se consideran funciones decrecientes con la presión de contacto. Las ecuaciones del problema de conducción estacionaria de calor y las ecuaciones elásticas, que están acopladas a través de la resistencia térmica, se resuelven independientemente dentro de un proceso iterativo. La convergencia se alcanza cuando se obtiene una solución del problema elástico con deformaciones térmicas sin tracciones en la zona de contacto y con una ley de compresiones que implique valores de la resistencia concordantes con los supuestos en las ecuaciones térmicas, las cuales se resuelven en primer lugar. La formulación numérica propuesta permite detectar la posible separación de los cuerpos cuando el flujo de calor circula hacia el sólido de mayor distorsionabilidad termoelástica. El artículo incluye dos ejemplos que ilustran la aplicabilidad del procedimiento expuesto., A boundary integral formulation for two dimensional thermoelastic contact problems without friction is presented. The local thermal resistance at the contact zone is modelied as a given decreasing function of the contact pressure. The stationary heat conduction equations and the elastic equations, which are coupled through the thermal resistance, are solved independently in the scope of an iterative process. The elastic problem involving thermal loading is solved, and convergence is reached when the obtained contact pressure leads to a thermal resistance in agreement with the one assumed in the thermal problem, which was formerly solved. The present formulation also accounts for the possibility of separation in the initial contact zone when the heat flows towards the body of greatest distorsivity. The paper includes two examples illustrating the reliability of the method., Peer Reviewed