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2. Perceiving Goals and Actions in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Author

Zalla, Tiziana, Labruyère, Nelly, and Georgieff, Nicolas

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the ability to parse familiar sequences of action into meaningful events in young individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), as compared to young individuals with typical development (TD) and young individuals with moderate mental retardation or learning disabilities (MLDs). While viewing two videotaped movies, participants were requested to detect the boundary transitions between component events at both fine and coarse levels of the action hierarchical structure. Overall, reduced accuracy for event detection was found in participants with ASDs, relative to participants with TD, at both levels of action segmentation. The performance was, however, equally diminished in participants with ASDs and MLDs under the course-grained segmentation suggesting that difficulties to detect "fine-grained" events in ASDs cannot be explained by a general intellectual dysfunction. Reduced accuracy for event detection was related to diminished event recall, memory for event sequence and Theory of Mind abilities. We hypothesized that difficulties with event detection result from a deficit disrupting the on-line processing of kinematic features and physical changes of dynamic human actions. An impairment at the earlier stages of the event encoding process might contribute to deficits in episodic memory and social functioning in individuals with ASDs.

Published
2013
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3. Goal-Directed Action Representation in Autism

Author

Zalla, Tiziana, Labruyere, Nelly, and Georgieff, Nicolas

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of individuals with autism to represent goal-directed behavioural actions. We compared the performance of subjects with autism (n=16), mentally retarded subjects (n=14) and normal healthy subjects (n=15) in a sequencing task consisted in arranging pictures of single events in their appropriate order so as to make coherent stories. Three types of actions were presented: (a) actions on objects; (b) actions on objects in a broader spatio-temporal context; (c) interactive actions. Autistic subjects were impaired in arranging sequences of actions on objects, as compared to both control groups. This impairment might contribute to explaining both executive deficits and difficulties in understanding others' behaviour in autism.

Published
2006
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5. Perceiving goals and actions in individuals with autism spectrum disorders

Author

Zalla, Tiziana, Labruyere, Nelly, and Georgieff, Nicolas

Subjects
Pervasive developmental disorders -- Diagnosis -- Social aspects -- Research, Learning disabilities -- Risk factors -- Research, Health
Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the ability to parse familiar sequences of action into meaningful events in young individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), as compared to young individuals with typical development (TD) and young individuals with moderate mental retardation or learning disabilities (MLDs). While viewing two videotaped movies, participants were requested to detect the boundary transitions between component events at both fine and coarse levels of the action hierarchical structure. Overall, reduced accuracy for event detection was found in participants with ASDs, relative to participants with TD, at both levels of action segmentation. The performance was, however, equally diminished in participants with ASDs and MLDs under the course-grained segmentation suggesting that difficulties to detect fine-grained events in ASDs cannot be explained by a general intellectual dysfunction. Reduced accuracy for event detection was related to diminished event recall, memory for event sequence and Theory of Mind abilities. We hypothesized that difficulties with event detection result from a deficit disrupting the on-line processing of kinematic features and physical changes of dynamic human actions. An impairment at the earlier stages of the event encoding process might contribute to deficits in episodic memory and social functioning in individuals with ASDs. Keywords Action parsing * Intention * Episodic memory * Biological motion, Introduction Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by difficulties in social interaction, communication, as well as a restricted repertoire of interests and repetitive stereotyped behaviours (American Psychiatric Association 2000). An [...]

Published
2013
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9. La représentation de l’action dans la schizophrénie

Author

Georgieff, Nicolas

Subjects
psychose, schizophrénie, psychiatrie, GTG, Psychology, folie, SOC000000, délire
Abstract

In some cognitive investigations, one explains some schizophrenic symptoms in terms of an impairing of the representation or of the conscious experience of action. So verbal delusions might result from a functional dissociation between action production and intentional experience. One could also describe delirium according to such a perspective. The hypothesis of an impairing of the subjective experience of action and of the perception of reality in psychosis induces an analysis of the notion of metarepresentation, which is to be distinguished from consciousness, perception and belief. Die kognitiven Wissenschaften gehen davon aus, dass gewisse schizoide Symptome auf eine Störung der Vergegenwärtigungsweise oder der bewussten Erfahrung einer Aktion zurückzuführen sind. Die verbale Halluzination zum Beispiel würde demnach eine funktionelle Dissoziation zwischen der Verursachung einer Aktion einerseits und der intentionalen Erfahrung andererseits darstellen. Analog zu dieser Erklärungsperspektive wäre das Delirium zu sehen. Diese Hypothese einer Alteration der subjektiven Erfahrung einer Handlung und der Urteilskraft, was Realität anbelangt, in der Psychose, veranlasst den Autor, von « Metarepräsentation » zu sprechen, einer Vergegenwärtigungeweise, die von Bewusstsein, Perzeption und Glauben unterschieden ist.

Published
2020

10. La folie dans la place

Author

Bergmann, Jörg R., Garety, Philippa A., Georgieff, Nicolas, Grivois, Henri, Hemsley, David R., Joseph, Isaac, Lovell, Anne M., Maher, Brendan A., Musiol, Michel, Pacherie, Élisabeth, Pachoud, Bernard, Proust, Joëlle, Telles Ribeiro, Branca, Trognon, Alain, Joseph, Isaac, and Proust, Joëlle

Subjects
psychose, schizophrénie, psychiatrie, GTG, Psychology, folie, SOC000000, délire
Abstract

La folie dans la place se définit par opposition à la folie dans les murs. Ravages de l'entourage. Perturbations de l'accord usuel entre posture et place. La « maladie mentale » commence par s'exposer. Au jugement du sens commun et dans les catégories de l'intelligence partagée. Dans ce moment d'émergence, ce n'est pas l'altérité radicale du délire mais le caractère intermittent du désordre qui menace les ressources d'autorégulation du milieu proche. La folie fait irruption au cœur de la réciprocité, comme pathologie du lien et des échanges, dans le langage, comme trouble de la conversation, dans l'action conjointe, comme modification systématique de l'attention, de la perception et de la représentation de l'intention.

Published
2020

29. Impact of the Early Start Denver Model on the cognitive level of children with autism spectrum disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial using a two-stage Zelen design

Author

Touzet, Sandrine, primary, Occelli, Pauline, additional, Schröder, Carmen, additional, Manificat, Sabine, additional, Gicquel, Ludovic, additional, Stanciu, Razvana, additional, Schaer, Marie, additional, Oreve, Marie-Joelle, additional, Speranza, Mario, additional, Denis, Angelique, additional, Zelmar, Amelie, additional, Falissard, Bruno, additional, Georgieff, Nicolas, additional, Bahrami, Stephane, additional, and Geoffray, Marie-Maude, additional

Published
2017
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31. Autism as a disorder of biological and behavioral rhythms: toward new therapeutic perspectives

Author

Tordjman, Sylvie, Davlantis, Katherine S, Georgieff, Nicolas, Geoffray, Marie-Maude, Speranza, Mario, Anderson, George M, Xavier, Jean, Botbol, Michel, Oriol, Cécile, Bellissant, Eric, Vernay-Leconte, Julie, Fougerou, Claire, Hespel, Anne, Tavenard, Aude, Cohen, David, Kermarrec, Solenn, Coulon, Nathalie, Bonnot, Olivier, Dawson, Geraldine, Service Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier [Rennes]-CHS (Centre Hospitalier Spécialisé lutte Maladies Mentales), Audition (Psychophysique, Modélisation, Neurosciences) (APMN), Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs (LSP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Yale University School of Medicine, Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences Cognitives (LPNCog / UMR 8189), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Université de Brest (UBO), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pharmacologie [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Audition (Psychophysique, Modélisation, Neurosciences) ( APMN ), Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (CHV), Yale School of Medicine, Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences Cognitives ( LPNCog ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Brest ( UBO ), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] ( CIC ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de Pharmacologie, and Jonchère, Laurent

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], emotional and relational rhythms, biological rhythms, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Early Start Denver Model, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], therapeutics, melatonin, autism spectrum disorder, Review Article, synchronization of rhythms, Pediatrics, motor
Abstract

International audience; There is a growing interest in the role of biological and behavioral rhythms in typical and atypical development. Recent studies in cognitive and developmental psychology have highlighted the importance of rhythmicity and synchrony of motor, emotional, and interpersonal rhythms in early development of social communication. The synchronization of rhythms allows tuning and adaptation to the external environment. The role of melatonin in the ontogenetic establishment of circadian rhythms and the synchronization of the circadian clocks network suggests that this hormone might be also involved in the synchrony of motor, emotional, and interpersonal rhythms. Autism provides a challenging model of physiological and behavioral rhythm disturbances and their possible effects on the development of social communication impairments and repetitive behaviors and interests. This article situates autism as a disorder of biological and behavioral rhythms and reviews the recent literature on the role of rhythmicity and synchrony of rhythms in child development. Finally, the hypothesis is developed that an integrated approach focusing on biological, motor, emotional, and interpersonal rhythms may open interesting therapeutic perspectives for children with autism. More specifically, promising avenues are discussed for potential therapeutic benefits in autism spectrum disorder of melatonin combined with developmental behavioral interventions that emphasize synchrony, such as the Early Start Denver Model.

Published
2015

33. How does implicit and explicit knowledge fit in the consciousness of action?

Author

Georgieff, Nicolas and Rossetti, Yves

Subjects
Social science research -- Research, Brain research -- Analysis, Human behavior -- Research, Intentionalism -- Research, Knowledge, Theory of -- Analysis, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Dienes & Perner's (D&P's) target articles proposes an analysis of explicit knowledge based on a progressive transformation of implicit into explicit products, applying this gradient to different aspects of knowledge that call be represented. The goal is to integrate a philosophical concept of knowledge with relevant psychophysical and neuropsychological data. D&P seem to fill an impressive portion of the gap between these two areas. We focus on two examples where a full synthesis of theoretical and empirical data seems difficult to establish and would require further refinement of the model: action representation and the closely related consciousness of action, which is in turn related to self-consciousness.

Published
1999

34. [Childhood onset schizophrenia: current data and therapeutic approach]

Author

Fourneret, P., Georgieff, Nicolas, Franck, Nicolas, Institut des Sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Cognitives (ISC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
Diagnosis, Differential, Developmental Disabilities, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Schizophrenia, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Autistic Disorder, Prognosis, Social Environment
Abstract

International audience; Childhood schizophrenia is a rare but serious developmental disorder affecting most of the fields involved in the child's adaptive functioning: motor, emotional, cognitive, and social. The clinical expression of the disorder mainly depends on the child's age and the IQ level at the time the first clinical symptoms appear. The progression of childhood schizophrenia is generally poor, with different outcome studies suggesting a continuity of the process between childhood and adulthood. This stresses the importance of diagnosing the disorder early and initiating the adapted therapeutic measures as quickly as possible, including cognitive remediation (a new therapeutic tool to correct or anticipate cognitive disorders), which can prevent pejorative development.

Published
2013

35. Les paradoxes de l’autisme : limites des modèles et théories, perspectives de recherche.

Author

GEORGIEFF, Nicolas

Abstract

If a consensual scientific and political discourse predominates to define autism (as an early neurodevelopmental disorder predominantly affecting so-called social cognition), the contemporary neuroscientific and cognitive literature actually confronts us with different and even contradictory models and theories, all equally supported by clinical and experimental data. To try to organize this diversity, we distinguish the models of deficiency or deficits (in particular social cognitions), models of over-functioning (notably perceptive), and models of difference (current of neuro-diversity). We will then try to understand how these contradictions question on the one hand the theoretical prejudices as to the nature of autism, on the other hand the reference scientific models in contemporary neurosciences, finally the nature of autism itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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36. What autism can tell us about Every...not sentences

Author

Noveck, I.A., Guelminger, R., Georgieff, Nicolas, Labruyere, N., Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Reboul, Anne

Subjects
[SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2007

37. Perception de la causalité et théorie de l'esprit dans la schizophrénie

Author

Pouillès, L., Tiberghien, G., Georgieff, Nicolas, Franck, Nicolas, Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition (L2C2), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and Reboul, Anne

Subjects
[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2007

39. DEFECTIVE RECOGNITION OF ONE'S OWN ACTIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS

Author

Franck, Nicolas, Farrer, Chloé, Georgieff, Nicolas, Marie-Cardine, Michel, Daléry, Jean, d'Amato, Thierry, Jeannerod, Marc, Institut des Sciences Cognitives (ISC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and Berger, Patrice

Subjects
schizophrenia, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, agency, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, neuropsychology
Abstract

Objective : The possibility that delusion of influence could be related to abnormal recognition of one's own actions was investigated in persons with schizophrenia. Method : Influenced (N=6) and non-influenced (N=18) patients with schizophrenia were compared to normal subjects (N=29) in an action recognition task. The image of a virtual right hand holding a joystick was presented to the subjects through a mirror so that it was superimposed to their real hand holding a real joystick. Subjects executed discrete movements in different directions. Angular biases and temporal delays were randomly introduced in some trials, such that the movements of the virtual hand departed from the movement executed by the subjects. After each trial, subjects had to decide whether the movement they saw was their own or not. Results: Compared to the comparison subjects, both patient groups made significantly more recognition errors in trials with temporal delays. In trials with angular biases, the error rate of influenced patients significantly differed from that of comparison subjects and from that of the non-influenced patients. Conclusions : These findings support the hypothesis that delusion of influence is associated with a quantifiable difficulty in attributing actions to their author. This difficulty may be related to a specific impairment of a neural action attribution system.

Published
2001

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