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India is an agriculture-based country. Most of us are completely dependent on Agricultural crops. Agriculture is the source of employment for most Indians and has a significant impact on the country's economy. proper irrigation system usage is very important because there is a shortage of land-reserved water due to a lack of rain and spontaneous use of water, and as a result, large amounts of water go to waste. For this reason, we use this automatic plant watering and soil moisture monitoring system, which is extremely helpful in all climatic conditions. Automation of farm irrigation and soil moisture control using a microcontroller, a soil moisture sensor, and a pump motor through a relay module This automatic irrigation system senses the moisture level present in the soil and automatically switches the pump when the power is on. When the soil goes dry, the pump will start watering. The aim of the execution is to decrease water use, and automatic irrigation can be used to save time with a low-power monitoring device. Keywords—soil moisture sensor, Relay, automatic irrigation, Microcontroller

The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) is a publicly accessible cancer data repository and tool that allows us to understand the molecular basis of cancer through the application of genomics and proteomics. So far, researchers have been able to diagnose 33 cancer types including 10 rare cancer types. The key features of TCGA are to make the data collection process publicly accessible for the better understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of cancer and its mechanism of action along with its prevention. Studies on different cancer types along with comprehensive pan cancer analysis have expanded the understanding and purpose of TCGA. Ever since its’ conceptualization, its’ high-throughput approach has provided a platform for the identification of genes and pathways involved in cancers and accurate classification of cancers.

Background: Migraine is a most common and highly prevalent neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent moderate-to-severe headaches often in association with a number of autonomic nervous system symptoms. Sodium valproate and topiramate are the two newer antiepileptic agents which are commonly prescribed for the migraine prophylaxis in India. Aims and Objectives: The aims of the study were as follows: (1) To compare the efficacy of sodium valproate 15–30 mg/kg/day and topiramate 2–3 mg/kg/day as prophylactic therapy for migraine in adults and (2) to study cost-effectiveness and safety profile of sodium valproate and topiramate. Materials and Methods: It is an open-label comparative study; 100 migraine patients of age group between 20 years and 50 years of both sexes were enrolled in the present study according to the inclusion criteria. Patients were diagnosed as migraine as per the International Criteria For Headache Disorders-3. Before starting treatment and after diagnosis, investigations have done, that is, complete blood picture, liver function test, renal function test, random blood sugar, and thyroid profile. Randomization was done by choosing every alternate patient and study drugs were prescribed. One hundred patients were divided into two groups, Group-A: 50 patients administered Tab. sodium valproate 500 mg twice daily orally and Group-B: 50 patients administered Tab. topiramate 150 mg once daily orally for a period of 6 months. Results: In Group-A, the severity of pain value before starting treatment was 6.440 ± 2.130 which is reduced to 1.820 ± 1.024 at the end of the treatment which was statistically significant (P < 0.0001) and the frequency of headache value before starting treatment was 4.220 ± 1.298 which is reduced to 1.320 ± 0.7407 at the end of the treatment, P < 0.0001 which was statistically significant. In Group-B, the severity of pain value before starting treatment was 6.200 ± 2.119 which is reduced to 1.840 ± 0.9765 after starting treatment which was statistically significant (P < 0.0001) and the frequency of headache value before starting treatment was 4.300 ± 1.199 which is reduced to 1.340 ± 0.6884 after starting treatment, P < 0.0001 which was statistically significant. In between the two groups severity of migraine pain and headache frequencies the P value was statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrated that both sodium valproate and topiramate were well tolerated, having similar efficacy in reducing the severity of the pain, headache frequencies, and improving the quality of life. Sodium valproate is preferred because of cost-effectiveness.

Background: Management of Reflex Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is challenging as no therapy has been found to be uniformly effective. Recently yoga has been proposed as a possible approach to reduce VVS susceptibility. Objecting: The objective of this study was to evaluate the yoga maneuver - Tadasana - as an adjunctive therapy for prevention of VVS recurrences. Methods: The study comprised 113 patients (79 men, mean age 53{plus minus}20 years) with tilt-positive VVS and structurally normal hearts . There were 61 patients in Tadasana group and 52 in the conventional arm. The Tadasana group were taught to practice this maneuver in addition to conventional therapy. Results: Demographics of both groups were comparable. Follow up was 2 1± 5 months. At last follow - up, syncope and near-syncope events in conventional arm vs Tadasana arm were respectively 4 vs 0 (P=0.03) and 11 vs 5.(P=0.03), and the mean total events during this period in the 2 groups were 6.20 ± 9.43 vs 3.13 ± 2.08 , (P= 0.024). Syncope and near-syncope events were respectively 1.77 ± 1.29 vs 1.25 ± 1.28 (P= 0.035) and 0.38 ± 1.05 vs 0.10 ± 0.35,( P=0.048). Compared to pre-treatment, the reduction in total events in Tadasana group was significantly greater than in the conventional arm (6.10 {plus minus} 9.43 vs 3.13 ± 2.0, P=0.01). Tadasana intervention was associated with greater reduction in both syncopal and near-syncope end-points individually. Conclusion: Adjunctive practice of Yoga maneuver-Tadasana with conventional therapy appears to reduce susceptibility to reflex VVS.

The present study analyzes various factors influencing the mobile application (app) usage amongst the youth of eastern Bhutan. App related parameters like mobile operating system, app type, app category, app features, and advertisements have been considered for the study. The correlation between the category (education, travel, sports, etc.) of mobile app and type of app (free, paid) has been analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The effect of advertisements on app usage has been interpreted using Likert scale. App features that are highly preferred by the user are inferred using statistical Mode. Finally the most popular mobile operating systems have been ranked using the Percentile rank. R programming language has been used to analyze the results of the study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the locomotor and diuretic activ ities of both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of leaves of Epipremnum aureum ( AQEEa and ALEEa ) in experimental animals . Locomotor activity was evaluated by actophotometer and diuretic activity was evaluated using Lipschitz test model in rats . Preliminary ph ytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins . Intra peritoneal administration of AQEEa and ALEEa at doses 200mg / kg produced significant ( P< 0 . 01 ) CNS depression by reducing locomotor activity while it showed a significant ( P< 0 . 01 ) increase in the urine volume when compared to control . Thus, in conclusion the AQEEa and ALEEa have a significant CNS depression action by reducing locomotor and diuretic action in rats .

Background: Hyperlipidemia is one of the common risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Statins are well established in treatment for lowering LDL-C, triglycerides, TC and improving HDL-C levels. Rosuvastatin is long acting and more efficacious than other statins in lesser dosages with good safety profile. Methods: In this prospective open label study, 42 patients with plasma LDL cholesterol of more than 130 mg/dl and total cholesterol more than 200 mg/dl were selected. After baseline tests they were randomly allocated to two groups. Oral 10 mg of rosuvastatin was given to group-A daily and group-B on alternative day for six weeks. Fasting plasma lipid profile was measured on 0 day, 4th and 6th week and serums ALT, AST were estimated in both the groups on 0 day, 6th week. Results: Statistical analysis was done with Student paired t-test. There was significant reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides and elevation of HDL after 4 weeks and 6weeks of the treatment in both the groups compared to baseline. The mean percentage change of TC-24%and 21.60%; LDL- 33.50% and 31%; HDL-19.89% and 17.09%; TG - 36.70%and 41.33%in once daily group and alternate day group respectively p

The transformative potential of gene editing technologies hinges on the development of safe and effective delivery methods. In this study, we developed a temperature-sensitive and interferon-silent Sendai virus (ts SeV) as a novel delivery vector for CRISPR-Cas9 and for efficient gene editing in sensitive human cell types without inducing IFN responses. ts SeV demonstrates unprecedented transduction efficiency in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) including transduction of the CD34+/CD38-/CD45RA-/CD90+(Thy1+)/CD49f high stem cell enriched subpopulation. The frequency of CCR5 editing exceeded 90% and bi-allelic CCR5 editing exceeded 70% resulting in significant inhibition of HIV-1 infection in primary human CD14+ monocytes. These results demonstrate the potential of the ts SeV platform as a safe, efficient, and flexible addition to the current gene-editing tool delivery methods, which may help to further expand the possibilities in personalized medicine and the treatment of genetic disorders.

Rationale: SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells is facilitated by endogenous and exogenous proteases that proteolytically activate the spike glycoprotein and antiproteases inhibiting this process. Understanding the key actors in viral entry is crucial for advancing knowledge of virus tropism, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic targets., Objectives: We aimed to investigate the role of naïve serum and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) in inhibiting protease-mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry and explore the implications of AAT deficiency on susceptibility to different SARS-CoV-2 variants., Findings: Our study demonstrates that naïve serum exhibits significant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry, with AAT identified as the major serum protease inhibitor potently restricting entry. Using pseudoparticles, replication-competent pseudoviruses, and authentic SARS-CoV-2, we show that AAT inhibition occurs at low concentrations compared with those in serum and bronchoalveolar tissues, suggesting physiological relevance. Furthermore, sera from subjects with an AAT-deficient genotype show reduced ability to inhibit entry of both Wuhan-Hu-1 (WT) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) but exhibit no difference in inhibiting B.1.1.529 (Omicron) entry., Conclusions: AAT may have a variant-dependent therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2. Our findings highlight the importance of further investigating the complex interplay between proteases, antiproteases, and spike glycoprotein activation in SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses to identify potential therapeutic targets and improve understanding of disease pathogenesis.