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Lisitsyna, O. I., Greben, O. B., Syrota, Ya. Yu. (2020): Review Of The Helminths Parasitic In Rare Aquatic Birds In Ukraine. Zoodiversity 54 (3): 173-182, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2020.03.173, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2020.03.173

Centrorhynchus polissiensis Lisitsyna, Greben, sp. n. (fig. 5, A–D) T y p e h o s t. Common buzzard Buteo buteo (L.) (Aves, Falconiformes, Accipitridae). T y p e l o c a l i t y. Zazimye, Brovary District, Kiev Region, Ukraine. S i t e. Intestine. T y p e m a t e r i a l. Male holotype. AH3 (SIZK); paratypes, AP. 3.1–3.6 (SIZK). E t y m o l o g y. This species is named after the bio-geographical region Polissya (forest zone). G e n e r a l (4 {, 2}). Trunk long, almost cylindrical. Proboscis division into two parts of constriction. Anterior part oval or spatulate, posterior part conical. Neck implict. Proboscis with 28–30 longitudinal rows of 19–20 hooks. First 12–13 hooks at anterior part up to constriction, remainder hooks – before constriction. First 4–6 (5) hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Next 3–4 transitional with roots consisting of 2 antero-lateral alate processes, remaining hooks spiniform with anteriorly directed simple roots (fig. 5, A). Largest hook blade in 2 nd, largest hook root in 4 th. The least blades and roots in transitional hooks. Blade thickness increasing from first to 4th hooks, then gradually decreasing. The last 2–4 hooks without roots. Proboscis receptacle double-walled, attaching in middle proboscis. Lemnisci sacciform, longer than proboscis receptacle. Gonopore subterminal in both sexes. M a l e s. Trunk 14.14–16.69 mm long, with maximum width in anterior part 1100–1230. Proboscis 1020–1120 long, up to constriction 480–550 length with maximal width in anterior part 400–450, width in constriction 280–440. Proboscis with 28–30 longitudinal rows of 19–20 hooks. First 4–5 (5) hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Hook blade length: 1, 48–65; 2, 65–70; 3, 55–65; 4, 53–63; 5, 45–55. Hook blade thickness: 1, 10–13; 2, 13–15; 3, 15–18; 4, 20–25; 5, 20–25. Hook root length: 1, 45–60; 2, 65–70; 3, 63–70; 4, 75–83; 5, 38–70. Transitional hook blade length 38–40, 10–13 thick, hook root 20–25 long. Spiniform hook blade length 40–43, hook root processes up 20. Proboscis receptacle 1300–1600 long with maximal width 300–420. Lemnisci 1220–1330 long, fall short of testes. Testes in tandem slightly diagonally or at 350–400 long. First testis 780–850 × 350–520, second testis 650–950 × 430–510. Cement glands tubulate, one longer than others, reach before posterior end of posterior testis, two others of the same length. Cement glands 8.30–9.65 mm long. Säfftigen pouch 1050–1900 long. F e m a l e s. Trunk 20.80–24.00 mm long, with maximum width in anterior part 920–1100. Proboscis 1080–1200 long with maximal width at anterior part 450–480, anterior part of proboscis up to constriction 480–530 long width at constriction 370. Proboscis with 30 longitudinal rows of 19–20 hooks. First 5–6 large with strong roots directed posteriorly. Largest hook blade length: 1, 55–63; 2, 70–73; 3, 60–68; 4, 58–63; 5, 50–55; 6, 40–45. Hook blade thickness: 1, 13; 2, 15; 3, 18; 4, 20–23; 5, 20–25; 6, 13–20. Hook root length: 1, 38–60; 2, 63–68; 3, 63–73; 4, 75–85; 5, 73–83; 6, 30–55. Transitional hook blade length 38–40, 13 thick, hook root 25–30 long. Spiniform hook blade length 40–43, hook root processes up 20. Proboscis receptacle 1460–1550 long with maximal width 300. Reproductive tract consist of vagina with two sphincters, uterus and uterine ball. Eggs elongate-oval, without polar prolongation of fertilization membrane, 45–55 × 25. Рис. 5. Centrorhynchus polissiensis sp. n. от Buteo buteo: A — крючья продольного ряда, голотип, {; B — общий вид, голотип, {; C — хоботок, голотип, {; D — яйцо (оригинал). D i f f e r e n t i a l d i a g n o s i s. According to the latest global review on acanthocephalans (Amin, 2013), the genus Centrorhynchus includes 95 species. Among them 8 species have the proboscis armament similar to that in C. polissiensis sp. n.: C. albidus Meyer, 1932 [30 × 20–22], C. aluconis (Muller, 1780) Lühe, 1911 [30–34 × 15–17], C. amphibius Das, 1950 [26–30 × 20–21], C. brama Rengaraju, Das, 1980 [28 × 20], C. conspectus Van Cleave, Pratt, 1940 [26–32 × 17–19], C. globocaudatus (Zeder, 1800) [26–32 × 18–22], C. guira Lunaschi, Drago, 2010 [29–32 × 18–19], C. javanicus Rengaraju, Das, 1975 [28 × 19]. However, new species can not be assigned to any of them based on other characteristics. In particular, C. albidus has at least 7, and C. guira has 8–9 first hooks in each row with large blades and powerful roots (Meyer, 1932; Lunaschi, Drago, 2010) vs 4–6, more often 5 in C. polissiensis sp. n. In C. javanicus and C. brama the anterior part of the proboscis bears first 10 hooks of each longitudinal row (Rengaraju, Das, 1975, 1980) vs 12–13 hooks in C. polissiensis sp. n. The anterior part of the proboscis in C. amphibius is almost cylindrical, and the blade length of the largest hooks on anterior part of the proboscis is not more than 42 (Das, 1950), whereas in C. polissiensis sp. n. the bulb is formed on anterior part of the proboscis and the length of the blade of the second, the largest hook of C. polissiensis sp. n. is 65–70 in males and 70–73 in females. C. polissiensis sp. n. is most similar to C. aluconis, C. conspectus and C. globocaudatus. The transitional hooks of all four species have roots with lateral processes. The shape of the proboscis in C. polissiensis sp. n., C. aluconis and C. conspectus is similar, transitional hook roots of these three species have alate processes (Meyer, 1932; Petrochenko, 1958; Khohlova, 1986; Dimitrova, Gibson, 2005). However, C. polissiensis sp. n. has different number of hooks in a longitudinal row of the proboscis and smaller eggs. Thus, C. aluconis has 13–17 hooks in longitudinal row, C. conspectus — 17–18 hooks vs 19–20 in C. polissiensis sp. n. Also, both species have larger eggs: 56–65 × 28–30 in C. aluconis, 68–72 × 33–35 in C. conspectus vs 45–55 × 25 in C. polissiensis sp. n. C. globocaudatus differs from C. polissiensis sp. n. in shape and morphology of the proboscis hooks. Narrowing of the proboscis in C. globocaudatus is inconspicuous, so the proboscis is close to the conical shape, while in C. polissiensis sp. n. the narrowing is expressed clearly and separates the bulbous anterior and conical posterior parts of proboscis. Thickness of the blade in larger hooks of C. globocaudatus does not exceed 18 vs 20–25 in C. polissiensis sp. n. In addition, the roots of the transitional hooks of C. globocaudatus have alate root processes provided with lateral “X”-shaped processes vs wing-shaped root processes of transitional hooks in C. polissiensis sp. n., Published as part of Lisitsyna, O. I. & Greben, O. B., 2015, Acanthocephalans Of The Genus Centrorhynchus (Palaeacanthocephala, Centrorhynchydae) From Birds Of Ukraine With The Description Of A New Species, pp. 195-210 in Vestnik Zoologii 49 (3) on pages 205-206, DOI: 10.1515/vzoo-2015-0022, http://zenodo.org/record/6452328, {"references":["Amin, O. M. Classification of the Acanthocephala // Folia Parasitologica. - 2013. - 60. - P. 273 - 305.","Das, E. N. On some juvenile forms of Acanthocephala of the genus Centrorhynchus from India // Indian Journal of Helminthology. - 1950. - 2. - P. 49 - 56.","Rengaraju, V., Das, E. N. A new species of the genus Centrorhynchus Luhe, 1911 (Acanthocephala) from India // Records of the Zoological Survey of India. - 1980. - 76. - P. 83 - 85.","Van Cleave, H. J., Pratt, E. M. A new species of the genus Centrorhynchus (Acanthocephala) from the barred owl // Journal of Parasitology. - 1940. - 26. - P. 297 - 300.","Lunaschi, L. I., Drago, F. B. A new species of Centrorhynchus Acanthocephala, Centrorhynchidae) endoparasite of Guira guira (Aves, Cuculidae) from Argentina // Helminthologia, 2010. - 47. - P. 38 - 47.","Rengaraju, V., Das, E. N. On some new specias of avian acanthocephalan from India // Indian Journal of Helminthology. - 1975. - 27. - P. 33 - 45.","Petrochenko, V. I. Acanthocephala of Domestic and Wild Animals. - M.: NAS of SSSR, 1958. - Vol. 2. - 458 p. - Russian: Pitрociнko V. I. Akaнtotiфaлы (сkрibнi) doмasнik i dikik zivotныk.","Khohlova, I. G. Acanthocephalans of animals of the USSR fauna. - Мoscow: Nauka. - 1986. - 277 p. - Russian: Kokлova I. G. Akaнtotiфaлы zivotныk фauны СССР.","Dimitrova, Z. M., Gibson, D. I. Some species of Centrorhynchus Luhe, 1911 (Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae) from the collection of the Natural History Museum, London // Systematic Parasitology. - 2005. - 62. - P. 117 - 134."]}

Key to species of the genus Centrorhynchus of the birds of Ukraine and adjacent territories 1а. Pear-shaped proboscis with extension in the middle part............................................................................ 2 1b. Proboscis other form...........................................................................................................................................3 2a. In anterior and posterior parts of proboscis same 30–36 longitudinal hook rows. To a level of attachment of the proboscis receptacle 12–13 hooks in row.................................................................. C. spinosus 2b. In anterior part of proboscis 34 longitudinal hook rows, in posterior part — 40. To a level of attachment of proboscis receptacle 9–10 hooks.................................................................................................. C. narcisae 3a. Anterior part of proboscis almost cylindrical without evident narrowing in level of attachment of proboscis receptacle..................................................................................................................................................4 3b. Anterior part of proboscis spherical or spade-shaped with evident narrowing in the level of attachment of proboscis receptacle........................................................................................................................................6 4а. Proboscis with 38–42 longitudinal hook rows of 26–27 hooks.................................................... C. magnus 4b. Proboscis with 26–34 longitudinal hook rows of 19–21 hooks....................................................................5 5а. Proboscis with 26–30 longitudinal hook rows. Blade of the largest hook 42 length............ C. amphibius 5b. Proboscis with 30–34 longitudinal hook rows. Blade of the largest hook 50–65 length.................................................................................................................................................................................. C. globocaudatus 6а. Each longitudinal row with 19–20 hooks. Eggs 45–55 × 25.......................................... C. polissiensis sp. n. 6b. Each longitudinal row with 13–18 hooks. Eggs 56–72 × 28–35...................................................................7 7а. First 7–10 hooks in each longitudinal row large with strong roots............................................ C. buteonis 7b. First 3–6 hooks in each longitudinal row large with strong roots............................................................... 8 8а. First 3–5 (usually 4) hooks in each longitudinal row large with strong roots. Eggs 56–65 × 28–30......................................................................................................................................................................... C. aluconis 8b. First 4–6 (usually 5) hooks in each longitudinal row large with strong roots. Eggs 68–72 × 33–35..................................................................................................................................................................... C. conspectus, Published as part of Lisitsyna, O. I. & Greben, O. B., 2015, Acanthocephalans Of The Genus Centrorhynchus (Palaeacanthocephala, Centrorhynchydae) From Birds Of Ukraine With The Description Of A New Species, pp. 195-210 in Vestnik Zoologii 49 (3) on page 208, DOI: 10.1515/vzoo-2015-0022, http://zenodo.org/record/6452328

Centrorhynchus spinosus (Kaiser, 1893) Van Cleave, 1924 fig. 4, A–E) Syn. Echinorhynchus spinosus Kaiser, 1893; Centrorhynchus spinosus Van Cleave, 1916; Centrorhynchus sp.: Смогоржевская, 1954, 1964, 1976. G e n e r a l (4 {, 3}). Trunk long, narrow to anterior and posterior parts, maximal width in middle. Pro boscis with evident winding before constricrtion. Neck implict. Proboscis with 30–36 longitudinal rows of 20–23 hooks. First 8–10 hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Roots 2–6 hooks with anterior processes. Largest hooks with blades and roots approximately same lengh. Next 3–5 hooks transitional, with composite scutiform processes, bifurcated in anterior part. Remainder hooks spiniform with simple root processes or without them. Proboscis receptacle double-walled, cylindrical, attach in middle proboscis. Lemnisci sacciform, longer than proboscis receptacle. Gonopore subterminal in both sexes. M a l e s. Trunk 15.7–16.00 mm long, with maximum width in posterior part of lemnisces 1760–2000. Proboscis 1100–1160 long with maximum width in anterior part 400, anterior part of proboscis up to level of attachment of proboscis receptacle 700–780 long with width at attachment 290–350. Proboscis with 34–36 longitudinal rows of 20–22 hooks. First 8–9 hooks large with strong roots directed posteriorly. Largest hook blade length: 1, 50–58; 2, 58–60; 3, 58; 4, 58; 5, 53–55; 6, 43–53; 7, 40–48; 8, 40–45; 9, 30–38. Hook blade thickness: 1, 7; 2, 10; 3, 6 –12; 7, 9 –15. Hook root length: 1, 32–43; 2, 50–55; 3, 53–60; 4, 50– 60; 5, 48–55; 6, 50–55; 7, 50–55; 8, 55–60; 9, 37–63. Transitional hook blade length 5–38, 7–10 thick, roots 25–28 long. Remainder hook blade length 30–40, hook root processes 15–25 long. Proboscis receptacle 1160–1620 long with maximal width 400–500. Lemnisci 2400–2410 long, fall short of testes. Testes in tandem slightly overlapping one another. First testis 1030 × 610, second testis 1110 × 600. Cement glands 7.20–10.00 mm long. Säfftigen pouch 1920–2000 long. F e m a l e s. Trunk 28.00–30.00 mm long, with maximum width in posterior part of lemnisces 1700–2000. Proboscis 900–1100 long with maximum width in anterior part 350–390, anterior part of proboscis up to level of attachment of proboscis receptacle 610–720 long with width at attachment 280–330. Proboscis with 30–34 longitudinal rows of 22–23 hooks. First 9–10 hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Their hook blade length: 1, 45–53; 2, 50–53; 3, 50–53; 4, 48–50; 5, 45–48; 6, 45–45; 7, 43–45; 8, 39–43; 9, 38–42; 10, 35. Hook blade thickness increasing from first hook (7) to 9th (17), and decreasing from 15 in 9–10 to 7–10 in basal hooks. Hook root length: 1, 38–48; 2, 40–50; 3, 50; 4, 50; 5, 48–53; 6, 48–53; 7, 45–53; 8, 50–55; 9, 45–53; 10, 45–53. Transitional hook blade length 35–38, roots 20–25 long. Remainder hook blade length 38–43, hook root processes 20–25 long. Proboscis receptacle 1480–1770 long. Eggs elongate-oval, without polar prolongation of fertilization membrane, 50– 53 (56.1) × 25–27. R e m a r k s. The species was reported from glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus and blackcrowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax in the vicinity of the Black Sea Reserve in Kherson Region (Lisitsyna, 1993, 2008). Later, a single specimen from Nycticorax nycticorax was assigned to C. amphibius (Kornyushin et al., 2004). Re-exami-nation of this specimen and its comparison with the original description of C. amphibius (Das, 1950) showed that the shape of the proboscis with the extension of the anterior part, the proboscis armament (more than 30 longitudinal rows of hooks vs 26–30 in C. amphibius), and the number of large hooks with developed roots in longitudinal rows (9 vs 5 in C. amphibius) do not correspond to C. amphibius. At the same time, the morphology of the specimen is fully consistent with the description of C. spinosus. The species was described from the birds of prey in North America. It is recorded from the birds of the genera Strix, Circus, Elanoides, Herodias in Europe, Asia and North. America. It is found in Ukraine in black-crownedon Nycticorax nycticorax 2, glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus 2, common buzzard Buteo buteo 2, western marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus 2, common kestrel Falco tinnunculus 2 in Volyn Region (West Polissya), Odesa Region (Vylkove), Kyiv Region (Zazimye), Kherson Region (area Black Sea Reserve and Sofiyivka) (Khohlova, 1986 2 ; Lisitsyna, 1993, 2008; Kornyushin et al., 2004)., Published as part of Lisitsyna, O. I. & Greben, O. B., 2015, Acanthocephalans Of The Genus Centrorhynchus (Palaeacanthocephala, Centrorhynchydae) From Birds Of Ukraine With The Description Of A New Species, pp. 195-210 in Vestnik Zoologii 49 (3) on pages 204-205, DOI: 10.1515/vzoo-2015-0022, http://zenodo.org/record/6452328, {"references":["Lisitsyna, O. I. Acanthocephalans of the terrestrial vertebrate of the fauna of Ukraine: Abstract of Ph. D. thesis. - Kiev, 1993. - 24 p. - Russian: Лiсitынa O. I. Akaнtotiфaлы нaziмныk pozvoнocныk фauны Ukрaiны.","Lisitsyna, O. I. Acanthocephala // Catalogue of helminthes of vertebrates of Ukraine. Acathpcephala. Monogenea. - Kiev, 2008. - P. 7 - 58. - Russian: Лiсitынa O. I. Akaнtotiфaлы.","Kornyushin, V. V., Smorgorzhevskaya, L. A., Iskova, N. I. Helminths circulation in the colonies copepods and ciconiiformes birds South of Ukraine // Branta: Transactions of the Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station. - Melitopol, 2004. - Is. 7. - P. 241 - 277. - Russian: Koрнюsiн V. V., Смogoрzivсkai Л. A., Iсkova Н. I. Tiрkuлitii giльмiнtov v koлoнiik viслoнogik i goлiнaсtыk ptit Юga Ukрaiны.","Das, E. N. On some juvenile forms of Acanthocephala of the genus Centrorhynchus from India // Indian Journal of Helminthology. - 1950. - 2. - P. 49 - 56.","Khohlova, I. G. Acanthocephalans of animals of the USSR fauna. - Мoscow: Nauka. - 1986. - 277 p. - Russian: Kokлova I. G. Akaнtotiфaлы zivotныk фauны СССР."]}

Centrorhynchus globocaudatus (Zeder, 1800) Lühe, 1911 (fig. 3, A–E) Syn. Echinorhynchus globocaudatus Zeder, 1800; E. tuba Rudolphi, 1802, in part. Рис. 3. Centrorhynchus globocaudatus от Falco tinnunculus: A — хоботок, {; B — общий вид, {; C — яйцо; D — крючья продольного ряда, {; E — терминальная часть половой системы самки. G l o b a l (7 {, 14}). Trunk elongate, almost cylindrical. Proboscis rounded apical, then almost conical. Constrictions implicit. Neck short. Proboscis with 30–34 longitudinal rows of 19–21 hooks. First 5–6 hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Next 3–5 hooks transitional, with composite scutiform «Х»-shaped root processes. Next 5–7 hooks spiniform with simple scutiform root processes, last 3–7 hooks spiniform with simple roots directed anteriorly. Length of blade increasing from first to third, then gradually decrease. Hook root length increasing from first to 5–6th then gradually decreasing. Proboscis receptacle double-walled, attach in middle proboscis. Lemnisci sacciform, longer than proboscis receptacle. Gonopore subterminal in both sexes. M a l e s. Trunk 11.95–18.80 (15.56) mm long, with maximum width in testis region 760–1080 (930). Proboscis 920–1130 (1050) long with maximum width in anterior part 300–354 (320), anterior part of proboscis up to level of attachment of proboscis receptacle 430–500 (450) long with width at attachment 280–330 (300). Proboscis with 30–34 (31.1) longitudinal rows of 19–21 (20.1) hooks. First 5–6 (5.6) hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Hook blade length: 1, 40–50 (46.6); 2, 48–63 (54.5); 3, 50–68 (57.6); 4, 45–63 (52.2); 5, 45–55 (50); 6, 40–50 (49.6). Hook blade thickness: 1, 7–10 (8); 2, 10–13 (11); 3, 13; 4, 13; 5, 13–15 (13.8); 6, 13–15 (13.8). Hook root length: l, 30–40 (34.63); 2, 37–60 (46.3); 3, 43–60 (49.5); 4, 43–65 (51.7); 5, 45–63 (51.8); 6, 20–50 (32.5). Transitional hook blade length 38–45 (41), 7–13 (9) thick, hook root 37–45 (41.3) long, hook root processes 15–35 (23) long. Spiniform hook blade length 38–45 (40), hook root processes 17–30 (26) long. Proboscis receptacle 1100–1550 (1260) long with maximum width 230–370 (290). Neck short, 30–50 (40) long. Lemnisci 920–1900 (1500) long, extended to testes, overlie on anterior one. Testes in tandem slightly overlapping one another. First testis 730–1060 (910) × 430–660 (500), second testis 850–1080 (980) × 458–660 (546). Cement glands 7.83–11.08 (8.82) mm long. Säfftigen pouch 1.4–2.65 (2.21) mm long. Bursa invaginated 2000×1300. F e m a l e s. Trunk 15.01–40.00 (20.18) mm long, with maximum width in anterior part 800–1400 (1060). Proboscis 920–1180 (1060) long with maximum width in anterior part 300–400 (340), anterior part of proboscis up to level of attachment of proboscis receptacle 450–550 (470) long with width at attachment 280–360 (320). Proboscis with 30–36 (33) longitudinal rows of 19–21 (19.8) hooks. First 5–6 hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Hook blade length: 1, 43–53 (47.7); 2, 53–63 (57.6); 3, 50–65 (60.7); 4, 45–65 (56.2); 5, 43–55 (48.6); 6, 35–50 (47.7). Hook blade thickness: 1, 6–7 (6.7); 2, 10–11 (10.2); 3, 12–13 (12.5); 4, 12–13 (12.7); 5, 12–18 (14.6); 6, 8–15 (11.8). Hook root length: 1, 25–50 (37.5); 2, 38–60 (50); 3, 45–68 (53.2); 4, 45–63 (53.2); 5, 30–63 (51.37); 6, 20–60 (42.3). Transitional hook blade length 38– 48 (42.3), 8 thick, hook root 18–43 (26.9) long. Spiniform hook blade length 37–45 (40), hook root processes 20–35 (25) long. Proboscis receptacle 1160–1620 (1300) long with maximum width 250–410 (360). Neck short, 30–50 (40) long. Lemnisci 920–2050 (1660) long. Eggs elongate-oval, without polar prolongation of fertilization membrane, 53–60 (56.1) × 24–30 (28.2). The species was described from birds of prey in Europe. It is recorded from the birds of the genera Athene, Milvus, Buteo, Circus, Aquila, Falco, Tyto, Anthus in Europe, Asia and Africa. It is found in Ukraine in black kate Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) 1, common kestrel Falco tinnunculus 2, lesser kestrel Falco naumanni 2 in Chernihiv Region (Orlikivske forestry), Kherson Region (area of Black Sea Reserve, Velyka Oleksandrivka and peninsula Churyuk), Crimea (Tarhankut) (Smogorzhevskaya, 1954, 1976; Gritsenko, 1969; Khohlova, 1986 2 ; Lisitsyna, 1993, 2008)., Published as part of Lisitsyna, O. I. & Greben, O. B., 2015, Acanthocephalans Of The Genus Centrorhynchus (Palaeacanthocephala, Centrorhynchydae) From Birds Of Ukraine With The Description Of A New Species, pp. 195-210 in Vestnik Zoologii 49 (3) on pages 201-202, DOI: 10.1515/vzoo-2015-0022, http://zenodo.org/record/6452328, {"references":["Smogorzhevskaya, L. A. The helminthofauna of the ichthyophagous birds of Dnieper valley: Abstract of Ph. D. thesis. - Kiev, 1954. - 24 p. - Russian: Смogoрzivсkai Л. A. Giльмiнtoфauнa рыboidныk ptit doлiны Dнipрa.","Smogorzhevskaya, L. A. Helminths of the waterfowl and wading birds of Ukrainian fauna. - Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1976. - 416 p. - Russian: Смogoрzivсkai Л. A. Giльмiнtы vodopлavaющik i boлotныk ptit фauны Ukрaiны.","Gritsenko, A. N. Acanthocephalans of \" synanthropic \" and certain other birds in the Southern Ukraine // Problems in Parasitology: Materials of the Scientific Conference of Parasitologists of the Ukrainian SSR. - Kiev: Naukova. dumka, 1969. - Vol. 1. - P. 88 - 81. - Russian: Gрitiнko A. Н. K фauнi сkрibнiй сiнaнtрopныk i нikotoрыk dрugik ptit нa юgi Ukрaiны.","Khohlova, I. G. Acanthocephalans of animals of the USSR fauna. - Мoscow: Nauka. - 1986. - 277 p. - Russian: Kokлova I. G. Akaнtotiфaлы zivotныk фauны СССР.","Lisitsyna, O. I. Acanthocephalans of the terrestrial vertebrate of the fauna of Ukraine: Abstract of Ph. D. thesis. - Kiev, 1993. - 24 p. - Russian: Лiсitынa O. I. Akaнtotiфaлы нaziмныk pozvoнocныk фauны Ukрaiны.","Lisitsyna, O. I. Acanthocephala // Catalogue of helminthes of vertebrates of Ukraine. Acathpcephala. Monogenea. - Kiev, 2008. - P. 7 - 58. - Russian: Лiсitынa O. I. Akaнtotiфaлы."]}

Centrorhynchus conspectus Van Cleave et Pratt, 1940 (fig. 2, A–D) Syn. C. wardae Holloway, 1958. G e n e r a l (2 {, 4}). Trunk elongate, almost cylindrical. Proboscis divided into 2 parts by constriction at level of receptacle attachment. Anterior proboscis part spatulate or spherical, posterior proboscis part conical. Neck short. Proboscis with 30–32 longitudinal rows of 16–18 (17) hooks. First 4–6 (5) hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Next 3–4 hooks transitional, with roots consisting of 2 antero–lateral alate processes, remaining hooks spiniform with simple roots directed anteriorly. Length of blade increasing from first to third, then gradually decreasing, blade of transitional hooks smallest. Roots increasing from first to 4–5th, roots of transitional hooks smallest. Proboscis receptacle double-walled, attach in middle proboscis, formed constriction. Lemnisci sacciform, longer than proboscis receptacle. Gonopore subterminal in both sexes. 1 Data of literature. 2 Material of the collection. Рис. 2. Centrorhynchus conspectus от Bubo bubo: A — хоботок, {; B — крючья продольного ряда, {; C — яйцо; D— терминальная часть половой системы самки. M a l e s. Trunk 16.00–23.10 mm long, with maximum width in testis region 970– 1100. Proboscis 800–880 long with maximum width in anterior part 400, anterior part of proboscis up to constriction 470 long with width at constriction 360–380. Proboscis with 30–31 longitudinal rows of 16–17 hooks. First 4–6 (5) hooks large with strong roots directed posteriorly. Hook blade length: 1, 40–50; 2, 50–55; 3, 60–63; 4, 50–53. Hook blade thickness: 1, 7–12; 2, 10–18; 3, 18–25; 4, 10–25; 5, 10–18. Hook root length: 1, 35–38; 2, 40; 3, 43–45; 4, 45–65; 5, 50; 6, 35–50. Transitional hook blade length 33–40, 8–10 thick, hook root 38–40 long. Spiniform hook blade length 33–38, hook root processes 20–25 long. Proboscis receptacle 1310–1580 long with maximum width 350–400. Neck short, 40–110 long. Lemnisci extended behind proboscis receptacle, but not up anterior testis. Lemnisci 1690–2980 long. Testes in tandem slightly overlapping one another at a distance 430–680 from bottom of proboscis receptacle. First testis 890–1020 × 500–600, second testis 93–95 × 500–600. Cement glands 9.47 mm long. Säfftigen pouch 2.23 mm long. F e m a l e s. Trunk 28.00–30.00 mm long, with maximum width in anterior part 1100–1400. Proboscis 800–1000 long with maximum width in anterior part 400–430, anterior part of proboscis up to constriction 470–550 long with width at constriction 350–380. Proboscis with 30–32 longitudinal rows of 16–18 hooks. First 4–5 (4.6) hooks large with strong roots directed posteriorly. Hook blade length: 1, 53; 2, 55–65; 3, 50– 64; 4, 48–58; 5, 33–55. Hook blade thickness: 1, 12–13; 2, 15–18; 3, 18–22; 4, 20–25; 5, 15–23. Hook root length: 1, 30–43; 2, 50–55; 3, 50–60; 4, 60–70; 5, 33–58. Transitional hook blade length 38–43, 12–13 thick, hook root 20–28 long. Spiniform hook blade length 33–43, hook root processes 20–25 long. Proboscis receptacle 1200–1600 long with maximum width 340–400. Neck short, 40–90 long. Lemnisci 1350–1420 long. Reproductive tract 2300–2550 long, consist of vagina with two sphincters, uterus and uterine ball. Eggs elongate-oval, without polar prolongation of fertilization membrane, 68–72 × 33–35. R e m a r k s. The species was described from barred owl Strix varia Barton, 1799 in North America (Van Cleave, Pratt, 1940). Our material corresponds to the first description (Van Cleave et Pratt, 1940). It is recorded from the birds of the genera Strix, Aquila, Otus, Athene, Asio in the Volga region and Asia (Turkmenistan, Tajikistan). It is found in Ukraine in hen harrier Circus cyaneus 2, eagle-owl Bubo bubo 2 in Donetsk Region (Strilzovska Step Reserve) (Lisitsyna, 1993)., Published as part of Lisitsyna, O. I. & Greben, O. B., 2015, Acanthocephalans Of The Genus Centrorhynchus (Palaeacanthocephala, Centrorhynchydae) From Birds Of Ukraine With The Description Of A New Species, pp. 195-210 in Vestnik Zoologii 49 (3) on pages 199-201, DOI: 10.1515/vzoo-2015-0022, http://zenodo.org/record/6452328, {"references":["Van Cleave, H. J., Pratt, E. M. A new species of the genus Centrorhynchus (Acanthocephala) from the barred owl // Journal of Parasitology. - 1940. - 26. - P. 297 - 300.","Lisitsyna, O. I. Acanthocephalans of the terrestrial vertebrate of the fauna of Ukraine: Abstract of Ph. D. thesis. - Kiev, 1993. - 24 p. - Russian: Лiсitынa O. I. Akaнtotiфaлы нaziмныk pozvoнocныk фauны Ukрaiны."]}

Centrorhynchus aluconis (Muller, 1780) Lühe, 1911 (fig. 1, A–E) Syn. Echinorhynchus aluconis Müller, 1780; E. otidis Schrank, 1788; E. inequalis Rudolphi, 1808; E. appendiculatus Westrumb, 1821; E. soricis Rudolphi, 1819; Centrorhynchus appendiculatus Westrumb, 1821; C. olssoni Lundström, 1942. G e n e r a l (8}, 10 {). Trunk elongate, almost cylindrical. Proboscis divided into 2 parts by constriction at level of receptacle attachment. Proboscis anterior part spatulate or spherical, proboscis posterior conical. Neck short. Proboscis with 28–34 longitudinal rows of 13–17 (16) hooks. First 3–5 (4) hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Next 3–4 hooks transitional, with roots consisting of 2 antero–lateral alate processes, remaining hooks spiniform with anteriorly directed simple roots. Length of blade increasing from first to third, then gradually decreasing, blade of transitional hooks smallest. Roots increase from first to 4–5th, roots of transitional hooks smallest. Proboscis receptacle double– walled, attached in proboscis middle, forming constriction. Lemnisci sacciform, longer than proboscis receptacle. Gonopore subterminal in both sexes. M a l e s. Trunk 19.80–35.00 (22.56) mm long with maximum width in testis region 780–1080 (907). Proboscis 760–1020 (866.25) long with maximum width at anterior part 380–440 (402), anterior part of proboscis up to constriction 450–530 (483) long, width at constriction 201–380 (322). Proboscis with 28–32 (29.7) longitudinal rows of 13–17 (15.15) hooks. First 3–5 (4) hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Hook blade length: 1, 31–55 (42.94); 2, 41–60 (52.47), 3, 45–58 (52.82); 4, 32–53 (44.6); 5, 25–40 (33). Hook blade thickness: 1, 7–13 (9.86); 2, 10–18 (14.8); 3, 18–25 (20.2); 4, 10–25 (19.2); 5, 8–13 (10.3). Hook root length: 1, 33–55 (50.73); 2, 53–63 (55.37); 3, 49–68 (63.93); 4, 37–73 (58.4); 5, 25–31 (26.89). Transitional hook blade length 25–40 (34.87), 8–10 (9) thick, hook root 20– 25 (23.5) long. Spiniform hook blade length 33–43 (38), hook root processes 20–25 (24.3) long. Proboscis receptacle 1150–1500 (1328) long, with maximum width 320–410 (376). Neck short, 50–130 (102) long. Lemnisci 1080–2430 (1868) long, sacciform, extend behind proboscis receptacle, but not up anterior testis. Testes in tandem slightly overlapping one another. First testis 925–1310 (1100) × 450–550 (486), second testis 850–1220 (1185) × 380–520 (486). Cement glands 6.2–10.57 (8.94) mm long. Säfftigen pouch 2.23–2.76 (2.50) mm long. Таблица 1. Материалы коллекции Acanthocephales рода Centrorhynchus F e m a l e s. Trunk 32.48–42.00 (35.70) mm long, with maximum width at anterior part 860–1800 (1186). Proboscis 670–900 (716) long with maximum width in anterior part 390–430 (371), anterior part of proboscis up to constriction 400–490 (455) long with wide at constriction 300–370 (337). Proboscis with 30–34 (32.28) longitudinal rows of 15–17 (16) hooks. First 3–5 (4) hooks large with posteriorly directed strong roots. Hook blade length: 1, 40–60 (47.33); 2, 50–58 (53); 3, 50–55 (52.63); 4, 30–54 (47); 5, 28–54 (38). Hook blade thickness: 1, 8–13 (11); 2, 13–18 (15.4); 3, 15–23 (19.9); 4, 20–24 (21.4); 5, 10–18 (11.7). Hook root length: 1, 35–50 (41.83); 2, 50–68 (56.71); 3, 55–70 (65.22); 4, 43–70 (62.66); 5, 25–37 (28). Transitional hook blade length 28–43 (35.16), 8–13 (10.6) thick, hook root 25–28 (26) long. Spiniform hook blade length 33–43 (38.7), hook root processes 20–25 (24.1) long. Proboscis receptacle 1115–1500 (1298) long with maximum width 320–440 (395). Neck short, 40–100 (68.75) long. Lemnisci 2370–2420 (2395) long. Reproductive tract 1.65–2.55 long, consist of vagina with two sphincters, uterus and uterine ball. Eggs elongate-oval, without polar prolongation of fertilization membrane, 56–65 (63.05) × 28–30 (29.66). Рис. 1. Centrorhynchus aluconis от Strix aluco: A — общий вид, {; B — хоботок, {; C — крючья продольного ряда, {; D — яйцо; E — терминальная часть половой системы самки. R e m a r k s. Proboscis of this species is armed with 30–34 longitudinal rows of hooks, 16–17 hooks in a row according to Petrochenko (1958) and Khokhlova (1986). Among them, the first 5–7 hooks are large, with well-developed roots. In the description of Dimitrova and Gibson (2005) which was based on the material from the Natural History Museum (London) from Strix aluco of the United Kingdom, 28–29 longitudinal rows of hooks were indicated, 14–15 hooks in a row, of which the first 4 hooks were large with developed roots. Our material is similar to the specimens described by Dimitrova and Gibson (2005). The species was described from birds of prey in Europe. It is recorded from birds of the genera Accipiter, Buteo, Strix, Otus, Circus, Haliaetus, Milvus in Europe and Asia. It is found in Ukraine in western marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus 1, common kestrel Falco tinnunculus 1, brown owl Strix aluco 2, ural owl S. uralensis 2 in Zakarpattya Region (Rahiv District — Luch, Lazeschina, V. Bychkov, Ch. Tysa, Tyachiv District — Kireshi), IvanoFrankivsk Region (Nadvornyansk District, Losva), Volyn Region (Lyubeshyv District, Nevir), Dnipropetrovsk Region (Pankovka) (Ivanitzky, 1940; Khohlova, 1986; Lisitsyna, 1993, 2008, 2014)., Published as part of Lisitsyna, O. I. & Greben, O. B., 2015, Acanthocephalans Of The Genus Centrorhynchus (Palaeacanthocephala, Centrorhynchydae) From Birds Of Ukraine With The Description Of A New Species, pp. 195-210 in Vestnik Zoologii 49 (3) on pages 196-199, DOI: 10.1515/vzoo-2015-0022, http://zenodo.org/record/6452328, {"references":["Petrochenko, V. I. Acanthocephala of Domestic and Wild Animals. - M.: NAS of SSSR, 1958. - Vol. 2. - 458 p. - Russian: Pitрociнko V. I. Akaнtotiфaлы (сkрibнi) doмasнik i dikik zivotныk.","Dimitrova, Z. M., Gibson, D. I. Some species of Centrorhynchus Luhe, 1911 (Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae) from the collection of the Natural History Museum, London // Systematic Parasitology. - 2005. - 62. - P. 117 - 134.","Ivanitzky, S. V. On the helminth fauna of vertebrates in the Ukraine (Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala) // Sbornik Trudov Kharkovskogo Veterinarnogo Instituta. - 1940. - 19. - 129 - 155. - Russian: Ivaнitkiй С. V. Мatiрiaлы k giльмiнtoфauнi pozvoнocныk Ukрaiны (фauнa tiсtod, нiмatod i koлюcigoлovыk).","Khohlova, I. G. Acanthocephalans of animals of the USSR fauna. - Мoscow: Nauka. - 1986. - 277 p. - Russian: Kokлova I. G. Akaнtotiфaлы zivotныk фauны СССР.","Lisitsyna, O. I. Acanthocephalans of the terrestrial vertebrate of the fauna of Ukraine: Abstract of Ph. D. thesis. - Kiev, 1993. - 24 p. - Russian: Лiсitынa O. I. Akaнtotiфaлы нaziмныk pozvoнocныk фauны Ukрaiны.","Lisitsyna, O. I. Acanthocephala // Catalogue of helminthes of vertebrates of Ukraine. Acathpcephala. Monogenea. - Kiev, 2008. - P. 7 - 58. - Russian: Лiсitынa O. I. Akaнtotiфaлы.","Lisitsyna, O. I. Acanthocephala of the family Centrorhynchidae (Palaeacanthocephala) of the animals of the fauna of Ukraine // Materialy pershih zoologichnyh chytan prysvyachenyh pamyati professor Yuhyma Lukina (October 2014, 6 - 10, Kharkiv, Ukraine), 2014. - P. 47 - 48. - Russian: Лiсitынa O. I. Akaнtotiфaлы сiмiйсtva Centrorhynchidae (Palaeacanthocephala) zivotныk фauны Ukрaiны (фauнa, takсoнoмii, сtрuktuрa paрazitaрныk сiсtiм)."]}

Centrorhynchus magnus Fukui, 1922 Syn. Centrorhynchus microrchis Fukui, 1929. D e s c r i p t i o n (by Fukui, 1929 from Petrochenko, 1958). Trunk cylindrical, anterior third or quarter slightly widened. Female 32–42 mm long, 700–1000 wide; male 20–26 mm long, 600–800 wide. Proboscis rather long; proboscis anterior part almost cylindrical, in male 680–750 long, 350–400 wide, in female 650–770 long, 350–490 wide; proboscis posterior part conical and the same long as the anterior. Males with 38–40 longitudinal rows in anterior part and 40–42 in posterior part. Female’s number rows greater than male’s by two. Each longitudinal row with 26–27 hooks, 15–17 large and with roots, 9–11 withоut roots. Female’s proboscis receptacle 550–1650 long. Limnisci cylindrical, almost twice longer than proboscis receptacle (1000–3000); extended to anterior testis. Testes ellipsoidal, 970–1220 long. Cement glands 4, cylindrical. Eggs elongate-oval, without polar prolongation of fertilization membrane, 35–48 × 16–20. Рис. 4. Centrorhynchus spinosus от Falco tinnunculus: A — хоботок, {; B — общий вид, {; C — яйцо; D — крючья продольного ряда, {. The species was described from birds of prey from Japan. It is recorded from the birds of the genera Milvus, Falco, Buteo, Circus, and Nycticorax, Egretta in Russia, Pakistan, Taiwan (Schmidt, Kuntz, 1969; Khokhlova, 1986). It is found in Ukraine in western marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus 1, common kestrel Falco tinnunculus 1 in Odesa Region (Vylkove) (Zhukov, 1956)., Published as part of Lisitsyna, O. I. & Greben, O. B., 2015, Acanthocephalans Of The Genus Centrorhynchus (Palaeacanthocephala, Centrorhynchydae) From Birds Of Ukraine With The Description Of A New Species, pp. 195-210 in Vestnik Zoologii 49 (3) on pages 202-204, DOI: 10.1515/vzoo-2015-0022, http://zenodo.org/record/6452328, {"references":["Fukui, T. On some Acanthocephala found in Japan // Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses. - 1929. - 2. - P. 255 - 270.","Petrochenko, V. I. Acanthocephala of Domestic and Wild Animals. - M.: NAS of SSSR, 1958. - Vol. 2. - 458 p. - Russian: Pitрociнko V. I. Akaнtotiфaлы (сkрibнi) doмasнik i dikik zivotныk.","Schmidt, G. D., Kuntz, R. E. Centrorhynchus spilornae sp. n. (Acanthocephla), and other Centrorhynchidae from the Far East // Journal of Parasitology. - 1969. - 55. - P. 329 - 334.","Zhukov, E. V. Materials of the parasites fauna of the birds of prey // Parasitologicheskiy sbornik Zoologicheskogo Instituta AH SSSR. - 1956. - 16. - P. 264 - 279. - Russian: Zukov I. V. Мatiрiaлы po paрazitoфauнi kiщныk ptit."]}