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3. Exercise and glycemic control in diabetes: benefits, challenges, and adjustments to pharmacotherapy

Author

Gulve, Eric Arthur

Subjects
Exercise -- Methods -- Health aspects -- Physiological aspects, Diabetes -- Care and treatment -- Physiological aspects, Blood sugar -- Control -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects -- Methods, Health
Abstract

Exercise, along with dietary intervention, represents first-line therapy for diabetes mellitus. Aerobic exercise is recommended for its beneficial effects on glucose control as well as its abilities to retard the progression of other comorbidities common in patients with diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease. The capability of aerobic exercise to improve glycemic control in diabetes is well documented, although adherence to exercise regimens is problematic. More recently, the glucose-lowering effects of resistance training have also been documented; this form of exercise has additional benefits, such as the capability to counteract sarcopenia, which is common in older people with type 2 diabetes. Exercise in people with diabetes, however, also can present significant challenges to glycemic control. Excessive glucose lowering can occur under certain conditions, enhancing the threat of hypoglycemia; in other situations, hyperglycemia can be accentuated. An understanding of the interactions between specific antidiabetic medications and various forms and intensities of exercise is essential to optimizing glycemic control while minimizing the potential for acute derangements in plasma glucose levels. Exogenous forms of insulin and agents that stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-independent manner (such as sulfonylureas and glinides) increase the propensity for hypoglycemia during low-to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. In contrast, exercise protocols characterized by high intensity are more likely to result in episodes of hyperglycemia. Strategies to minimize inappropriate swings in glycemic control are reviewed., Exercise and diet are cornerstones of therapy in diabetes mellitus. In most patients with diabetes, the addition of pharmacologic therapy is required for the management of plasma glucose levels. In [...]

Published
2008

4. Stimulatory effect of lithium on glucose transport in rat adipocytes is not mediated by elevation of IP1

Author

Chen, Xiaoli, McMahon, Ellen G., and Gulve, Eric A.

Subjects
Rats -- Physiological aspects, Fat cells -- Research, Glucose metabolism -- Research, Inositol phosphates -- Research, Lithium -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

A study showed that inhibition of myo-inositol-1-monophosphatase (IMPase) and elevation of inositol monophosphatases do not mediate the stimulatory effect of lithium on glucose transport in fat cells of rats. The finding is based on the comparison of the effects of lithium and a selective inhibitor (IMPase), L-690,488 on glucose transport. The effects were determined using the nonparametric ANOVA and the least squares means method for paired groups.

Published
1998

5. Effects of epinephrine on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT-4 phosphorylation in muscle

Author

Lee, Abraham D., Hansen, Polly A., Schluter, Jane, Gulve, Eric A., Gao, Jiaping, and Holloszy, John O.

Subjects
Epinephrine -- Physiological aspects, Glucose -- Physiological aspects, Muscles -- Research, Insulin -- Physiological aspects, Biological transport -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

An experiment was conducted to reinvestigate the role of epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic catecholamines on insulin-dependent glucose transport of skeletal muscle. Results indicated that although epinephrine inhibited the uptake of glucose, the glucose transport process was not affected. The inhibitory effect of epinephrine was attributed to its ability to stimulate glycogenolysis that resulted in the inhibition of muscle hexokinase by increasing the levels of glucose-6-phosphate.

Published
1997

6. Increased activity of the hexosamine synthesis pathway in muscles of insulin-resistant ob/ob mice

Author

Buse, Maria G., Robinson, Katherine A., Gettys, Thomas W., McMahon, Ellen G., and Gulve, Eric A.

Subjects
Insulin resistance -- Physiological aspects, Glucose metabolism -- Physiological aspects, Muscles -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The activity of the hexosamine synthesis pathway was analyzed in ob/ob mice models of insulin resistance to determine its role in the development of resistance to the biological activity of insulin. Analysis of insulin responsiveness to glucose transport in the isolated soleus muscles of ob/ob mice indicated the presence of marked insulin resistance. Furthermore, the muscles of ob/ob mice exhibited decreased insulin binding due to defective insulin receptor-response coupling.

Published
1997

8. Effects of Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin on insulin-stimulated and basal glucose transport in muscle

Author

Lee, Abraham D., Gulve, Eric A., Chen, May, Schluter, Jane, and Holloszy, John O.

Subjects
Biological transport -- Research, Calcium ions -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The addition of Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin to fat cells and skeletal muscles inhibits the insulin-activated glucose transport while it has no effect on the basal glucose transport. On the other hand, in frog sartorius muscle, an increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ increases the K+-stimulated glucose transport. The inhibition of the insulin-stimulated glucose transport is not a result of an increase in the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate but actually of the Ca2+. The results of this study show that a sustained influx of Ca2+ inhibits the glucose transport activity stimulated by Ca2+ but stimulates the glucose activity in muscle.

Published
1995

9. Kinetics of 2-deoxyglucose transport in skeletal muscle: effects of insulin and contractions

Author

Hansen, Polly, Gulve, Eric, Gao, Jiaping, Schluter, Jane, Mueckler, Mike, and Holloszy, John

Subjects
Glucose -- Physiological aspects, Biological transport -- Research, Insulin -- Physiological aspects, Muscle contraction -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

Analysis of the influence of muscle contractions and insulin on glucose transport kinetics in isolated rat skeletal muscles shows that insulin and muscle contractions enhance the maximal transport velocity in an additive manner and thus promote glucose transport. The apparent half-maximal saturating substrate concentration for the insulin-stimulated and basal glucose transport are similar in the muscles.

Published
1995

10. Interactions between effects of W-7, insulin, and hypoxia on glucose transport in skeletal muscle

Author

Youn, Jang H., Gulve, Eric A., Henriksen, Erik J., and Holloszy, John O.

Subjects
Biological transport -- Research, Insulin -- Physiological aspects, Hypoxia -- Physiological aspects, Musculoskeletal system -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Glucose transport is stimulated by the contractions/hypoxia pathway by W-7, which produces Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum. This indicates that cytosolic Ca2+ increment stimulates contractile activity in manner similar to hypoxia initiating glucose transport in striated muscles. W-7 also inhibits glucose transport stimulation by insulin.

Published
1994

11. Contraction-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity: requirement for a serum factor

Author

Gao, Jiaping, Gulve, Eric A., and Holloszy, John O.

Subjects
Glucose metabolism -- Research, Exercise -- Physiological aspects, Blood proteins -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Rat-epitrochlearis muscles incubated in vitro contracted 15 minutes after incubation, and when stimulated, caused an enhanced insulin sensitivity. No similar effects resulted when washed muscles were stimulated to contract in vitro. Enhanced proneness of glucose transport to insulin simulation results from the action of a proteinaceous serum and contractiles.

Published
1994

12. Glucose transporters and glucose transport in skeletal muscles of 1- to 25-mo-old rats

Author

Gulve, Eric A., Henriksen, Erik J., Rodnick, Kenneth J., Youn, Jang H., and Holloszy, John O.

Subjects
Muscles -- Physiological aspects, Rats -- Anatomy, Glucose -- Research, Insulin resistance -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

The GLUT-4 glucose transporter concentration and the glucose transport activity in skeletal muscles of female Long-Evans rats are influenced by growth and aging. The presumption that skeletal muscle shows the formation of insulin resistance due to aging is analyzed. Immunoblotting with a polyclonal antibody directed against GLUT-4 is used to calculate the varying quantities of immunoreactive GLUT-4 protein in muscle homogenates of 1-, 10-, and 25-month-old rats. A fall in GLUT-4 immunoreactivity is seen in the epitrochlearis, plantaris and the red and white areas of the quadriceps muscles. Identical GLUT-4 concentration is observed in flexor digitorum brevis and soleus muscles.

Published
1993

18. Lithium increases susceptibility of muscle glucose transport to stimulation by various agents

Author

Tabata, Izumi, Schluter, Jane, Gulve, Eric A., and Holloszy, John O.

Subjects
Lithium -- Physiological aspects, Insulin resistance -- Drug therapy, Glucose metabolism -- Physiological aspects, Health, Drug therapy, Physiological aspects
Abstract

Lithium is thought to have an insulin-like effect on glucose transport and metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. However, we found that lithium had only a minimal effect on basal [...]

Published
1994

22. Chemistry and biochemistry of type 2 diabetes

Author

Ross, Stuart A., Gulve, Eric A., and Wang, Minghan

Subjects
Type 2 diabetes -- Causes of, Type 2 diabetes -- Diagnosis, Chemistry
Abstract

Type 2 diabetes, a complex disease caused by uncontrolled hepatic glucose output, effects, symptoms and therapies are discussed. For starting the treatment prior to the development of type 2 diabetes, improved prognostic and diagnostic tools are needed to identify those at risk.

Published
2004

23. To like, or not to like : A study of meaning making in social media interaction

Author

Bergvall, Gustav and Gulve, Eric

Subjects
uppdatera, Facebook, social media, share, update, Twitter, interaction, follow, mening, institution, stöd, sociala medier, platform, följa, funktion, purpose, gilla, self presentation, interaktion, function, support, like, plattform, självpresentation, tool, meaning, ritual, verktyg, syfte, interaction ritual, Instagram, use, handling, dela
Abstract

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka användares subjektiva reflektioner kring olika interaktionsverktyg och deras användningsområden för att få en djupare förståelse för hur verktygen tillskrivs olika funktionella betydelser och alternativ mening i interaktionen och självpresentationen. Genom detta vill vi förklara hur fenomenet sociala medier påverkar människors vardag och interaktionen i samhället. Detta kan exempelifieras genom hur individer planerar och dokumenterar sin vardag för att kunna framställa sig på ett önskvärt sätt på sina online-profiler. Materialet i denna intervjustudie består av totalt sex intervjuer med personer i olika åldrar. Vi har använt oss av ansatsen semistrukturerad öppen observationsintervju, med motiveringen att detta ger oss möjlighet att studera reflektioner och handlingssekvenser samtidigt. Studiens slutsats är att användares interaktion på sociala medier i många avseenden liknar face-to-face-interaktionen mellan individer i deras vardag, då normer från det övriga samhället ständigt relevantgörs genom tillströmmandet och socialisationen av nya användare. Institutionaliserade användningsområden för olika interaktionsverktyg används som logisk utgångspunkt i hur verktygen används och tolkas, exempelvis hur användare genom dessa kan prenumerera på och visa uppskattning för andras uppdateringar och aktiviteter. Alternativa meningstillskrivningar uppfattades som avvikande i denna publika kontext, när olika interaktionsritualer och själviska syften uppenbarades genom misslyckade hiding-beteenden. Den paradox vi fann utgjordes av hur den överförda meningen både kunde tolkas enligt det innehåll som verktygen användes kring, men även genom verktygens egenvärde som kvantifierade popularitets-indikatorer. Självpresentationens popularitet ställdes på så sätt mot de institutionaliserade funktioner som ursprungligen definierat verktygens användning. Den överförda meningen varseblevs och definierades slutligen genom betraktarens öga och deras förförståelse av andra aktörers intentioner. We aim to study users’ subjective thoughs surrounding different communication tools and their area of use in order to gain a deeper understanding of how these tools are given different functional purposes and alternative meanings in users’ interaction and self presentation. With this information we aim to explain how the phenomenon social media impacts every day life and the interaction between people in our society. Examples of this can be imaged by how the planning and documen-tation of real life events are tailored to present users in a desirable way on their online profiles. The material generated in this study consists of six interviews with people of different ages. We used the approach semi-structured open observational interviews with the justification that this grant us the opportunity to study thoughts and actions simultaniously. The conclusion of this study is that the user interaction within social media in many ways represent the every day face-to-face interaction between individuals, since the norms of society as a whole are constantly manifested in the never ending integration of new users. The institutionalized purposes of different communication tools are used as the logical point of reference in regards to their intended area of use and interpretation. Main examples are how users through these tools can subscribe to and show appreciation for content and activities presented by others. Alternative meanings and purposes were percieved as deviant in more public contexts, when different interaction rituals and selfish purposes became apparent through failed attempts of hiding-behaviour. The paradox we found consisted of how the transferred meaning could be interpreted through the content these actions were used around, but also through their own value as quantified popularity indicators. The popularity of the users’ self presentation was in this way put against the institutionalized functionality that originally defined the purpose of the tools in question. The transferred meaning was finally percieved and defined by the eye of the audience and their understanding of other users and their intentions.

Published
2013

24. Att gilla, eller inte gilla : En studie av meningsskapandet i interaktionen på sociala medier

Author

Bergvall, Gustav and Gulve, Eric

Subjects
uppdatera, Facebook, social media, share, update, Twitter, interaction, follow, mening, institution, stöd, sociala medier, platform, följa, funktion, purpose, gilla, self presentation, interaktion, function, support, like, plattform, självpresentation, tool, meaning, ritual, verktyg, syfte, interaction ritual, Instagram, use, handling, dela
Abstract

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka användares subjektiva reflektioner kring olika interaktionsverktyg och deras användningsområden för att få en djupare förståelse för hur verktygen tillskrivs olika funktionella betydelser och alternativ mening i interaktionen och självpresentationen. Genom detta vill vi förklara hur fenomenet sociala medier påverkar människors vardag och interaktionen i samhället. Detta kan exempelifieras genom hur individer planerar och dokumenterar sin vardag för att kunna framställa sig på ett önskvärt sätt på sina online-profiler. Materialet i denna intervjustudie består av totalt sex intervjuer med personer i olika åldrar. Vi har använt oss av ansatsen semistrukturerad öppen observationsintervju, med motiveringen att detta ger oss möjlighet att studera reflektioner och handlingssekvenser samtidigt. Studiens slutsats är att användares interaktion på sociala medier i många avseenden liknar face-to-face-interaktionen mellan individer i deras vardag, då normer från det övriga samhället ständigt relevantgörs genom tillströmmandet och socialisationen av nya användare. Institutionaliserade användningsområden för olika interaktionsverktyg används som logisk utgångspunkt i hur verktygen används och tolkas, exempelvis hur användare genom dessa kan prenumerera på och visa uppskattning för andras uppdateringar och aktiviteter. Alternativa meningstillskrivningar uppfattades som avvikande i denna publika kontext, när olika interaktionsritualer och själviska syften uppenbarades genom misslyckade hiding-beteenden. Den paradox vi fann utgjordes av hur den överförda meningen både kunde tolkas enligt det innehåll som verktygen användes kring, men även genom verktygens egenvärde som kvantifierade popularitets-indikatorer. Självpresentationens popularitet ställdes på så sätt mot de institutionaliserade funktioner som ursprungligen definierat verktygens användning. Den överförda meningen varseblevs och definierades slutligen genom betraktarens öga och deras förförståelse av andra aktörers intentioner. We aim to study users’ subjective thoughs surrounding different communication tools and their area of use in order to gain a deeper understanding of how these tools are given different functional purposes and alternative meanings in users’ interaction and self presentation. With this information we aim to explain how the phenomenon social media impacts every day life and the interaction between people in our society. Examples of this can be imaged by how the planning and documen-tation of real life events are tailored to present users in a desirable way on their online profiles. The material generated in this study consists of six interviews with people of different ages. We used the approach semi-structured open observational interviews with the justification that this grant us the opportunity to study thoughts and actions simultaniously. The conclusion of this study is that the user interaction within social media in many ways represent the every day face-to-face interaction between individuals, since the norms of society as a whole are constantly manifested in the never ending integration of new users. The institutionalized purposes of different communication tools are used as the logical point of reference in regards to their intended area of use and interpretation. Main examples are how users through these tools can subscribe to and show appreciation for content and activities presented by others. Alternative meanings and purposes were percieved as deviant in more public contexts, when different interaction rituals and selfish purposes became apparent through failed attempts of hiding-behaviour. The paradox we found consisted of how the transferred meaning could be interpreted through the content these actions were used around, but also through their own value as quantified popularity indicators. The popularity of the users’ self presentation was in this way put against the institutionalized functionality that originally defined the purpose of the tools in question. The transferred meaning was finally percieved and defined by the eye of the audience and their understanding of other users and their intentions.

Published
2013

25. Two 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Models of Insulin Resistance with Intact Phosphotyrosine Signaling

Author

ROSS, STUART A., CHEN, XIAOLI, HOPE, HEIDI R., SUN, SHAPING, HOLT, TRAVIS, CLAWITTER, JANET, BROSCHAT, KAY O., MCMAHON, ELLEN G., and GULVE, ERIC A.

Subjects
Diabetes -- Research, Health
Abstract

Glucosamine infusion into whole animals or treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes has routinely been utilized to elicit insulin resistance. However, recent work suggests a trivial explanation of glucosamine-induced insulin resistance whereby [...]

Published
1999

26. Correlation of Hexosamine Pathway Flux with O-GlcNAc Modification in 3T3 L1 adipocytes

Author

MULLIS, KAREN G, CHEN, XIAOLI, KASAI, YUMI, GULVE, ERIC, HOLT, TRAVIS, SUN, SHAPING, ROSS, STUART, and MCMAHON, ELLEN G

Subjects
Diabetes -- Research, Health
Abstract

Hexosamine pathway metabolites have been implicated in glucose sensing as modulators of insulin resistance in insulin responsive peripheral tissues. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGTase) catalyzes the incorporation of a hexosamine biosynthetic pathway [...]

Published
1999

28. Thiazolidinediones inhibit the progression of established hypertension in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat

Author

Bolten, Charles W, primary, Payne, Maria A, additional, McDonald, William G, additional, Blanner, Patrick M, additional, Chott, Robert C, additional, Ghosh, Sarbani, additional, Arhancet, Graciela B, additional, Staten, Nicholas R, additional, Gulve, Eric A, additional, Sullivan, Patrick M, additional, Hromockyj, Alexander E, additional, and Colca, Jerry R, additional

Published
2007
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34. Exercise and Glycemic Control in Diabetes: Benefits, Challenges, and Adjustments to Pharmacotherapy.

Author

Arthur Gulve, Eric

Subjects
*DIET therapy for diabetes, *EXERCISE physiology, *BLOOD sugar monitoring, *DRUG administration, *COMORBIDITY, *SARCOPENIA, *DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Exercise, along with dietary intervention, represents first-line therapy for diabetes mellitus. Aerobic exercise is recommended for its beneficial effects on glucose control as well as its abilities to retard the progression of other comorbidities common in patients with diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease. The capability of aerobic exercise to improve glycemic control in diabetes is well documented, although adherence to exercise regimens is problematic. More recently, the glucose- lowering effects of resistance training have also been documented; this form of exercise has additional benefits, such as the capability to counteract sarcopenia, which is common in older people with type 2 diabetes. Exercise in people with diabetes, however, also can present significant challenges to glycemic control. Excessive glucose lowering can occur under certain conditions, enhancing the threat of hypoglycemia; in other situations, hyperglycemia can be accentuated. An understanding of the interactions between specific antidiabetic medications and various forms and intensities of exercise is essential to optimizing glycemic control while minimizing the potential for acute derangements in plasma glucose levels. Exogenous forms of insulin and agents that stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-independent manner (such as sulfonylureas and glinides) increase the propensity for hypoglycemia during low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. In contrast, exercise protocols characterized by high intensity are more likely to result in episodes of hyperglycemia. Strategies to minimize inappropriate swings in glycemic control are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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38. Regulation of glutamine: Fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

Author

Jianxin Zhou, Huynh, Q. Khai, Hoffman, Rosemary T., Crook, Errol D., Daniels, Marc C., Gulve, Eric A., and McClain, Donald A.

Subjects
GLUTAMINE, FRUCTOSE in human nutrition, TRANSFERASES, PROTEIN kinases, HEXOSAMINES
Abstract

Discusses the regulation of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFA) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Rate-limiting enzyme in hexosamine biosynthesis; Potential sites for phosphorylation; Effects of phosphatase inhibitors on GFA activity in vitro; Effects of PKA treatment on purified GFA; Effect of forskolin on GFA enzyme.

Published
1998
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