Search

BackgroundAdherence to oral chemotherapy is crucial to maximize treatment outcomes and avoid health complications in cancer patients. Mobile phones are widely available worldwide, and evidence that this technology can be successfully employed to increase medication adherence for the treatment of other chronic diseases (eg, diabetes) is well established. However, the extent to which there is evidence that mobile phone–based interventions improve adherence to oral chemotherapy is unknown. ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to explore what is known about mobile phone–delivered interventions designed to enhance adherence to oral chemotherapy, to examine the reported findings on the utility of these interventions in increasing oral chemotherapy adherence, and to identify opportunities for development of future interventions. MethodsThis study followed Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodological framework. ResultsThe review search yielded 5 studies reporting on 4 interventions with adults (aged >18 years) diagnosed with diverse cancer types. All interventions were considered acceptable, useful, and feasible. The following themes were evident: text messages and mobile apps were the main methods of delivering these interventions, the 2 most commonly employed oral chemotherapy adherence–enhancing strategies were management and reporting of drug-related symptoms and reminders to take medication, the importance of stakeholders’ engagement in intervention design, and the overall positive perceptions of delivery features. Areas for future research identified by this review include the need for further studies to evaluate the impact of mobile phone–delivered interventions on adherence to oral chemotherapy as well as the relevance for future studies to incorporate design frameworks and economic evaluations and to explore the moderator effect of high anxiety, poor baseline adherence, and longer time taking prescribed drug on adherence to oral chemotherapy. ConclusionsDespite the increasing body of evidence on the use of mobile phones to deliver medication adherence–enhancing interventions in chronic diseases, literature on the oral chemotherapy context is lacking. This review showed that existing interventions are highly acceptable and useful to cancer patients. The engagement of stakeholders as well as the use of a design framework are important elements in the development of mobile phone–delivered interventions that can be translated into oncology settings.

Introduction: People exposed to bushfires are known to be at heightened risk of experiencing mental health challenges. When farms are impacted, farmers often risk losing not only their homes but also their businesses, containing their livestock, infrastructure and identities. Objective: To understand the psychological experiences of farmers who have been exposed to fires on their farms and identify the coping strategies they already employ to recover and prepare psychologically for future bushfires. Design: In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted face‐to‐face or via Zoom. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, using a descriptive, essentialist approach. Sixteen farmers and/or their spouses (50% female; median age of 50.8 years), who owned and/or played an active role in the operation of a farming or pastoral enterprise and had been affected by a farm fire within the last 20 years, participated. Participants resided in inner regional, outer regional and remote South Australia and New South Wales. Findings: Seven overarching themes and 22 subthemes resulted: (1) intense emotions in the aftermath, (2) long‐term psychological challenges, (3) deliberate focus on organising, prioritising and completing recovery‐focused tasks, (4) importance of seeking and/or accessing support to rebuild, (5) adopting a positive attitude and outlook, (6) (dis)engaging from/with community and social connection and (7) various strategies employed to self‐regulate emotions. Discussion/Conclusion: This study demonstrates the unique set of psychological challenges Australian farmers experience in the wake of a farm fire and the coping strategies they report using to help them manage. Findings will inform the development of contextually and culturally appropriate bushfire recovery and preparedness initiatives that are tailored to meet the unique needs of farmers and build upon their existing strengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this research was to develop a contextually and culturally appropriate scale to assess farmers' barriers to health‐related help‐seeking. Methods: An initial pool of items was developed from the academic literature and input from an expert panel of farmers, rural academics, and rural clinicians. A draft 32‐item questionnaire was then developed and sent to farmers registered with FARMbase, which is an Australian national farmer database. Findings: Two hundred and seventy‐four farmers completed the draft questionnaire (93.7% male, 73.7% aged 56‐75 years). An exploratory factor analysis identified 6 factors; "Health Issues are a Low Priority," "Concerns about Stigma," "Structural Health System Barriers," "Minimization and Normalization," "Communication Barriers," and "Continuity of Care.". Test‐retest reliability was examined with a further 10 farmers (90% male, Mean age = 57, SD = 5.91), who completed the questionnaire twice (at 2‐ to 3‐week intervals). Results indicated moderate‐good test‐retest reliability. Conclusions: The resulting 24‐item Farmer Help‐Seeking Scale provides a measure of help‐seeking that is specifically designed to capture the unique context, culture, and attitudes that can interfere with farmers' help‐seeking, and inform the development of strategies to increase health‐service utilization in this at‐risk group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION In 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada opened its landmark judgment in Grassy Narrows with the statement that, upon entering into Treaty 3 in 1873, the Ojibway "yielded ownership [...]

Objective Australia is currently experiencing a shortage of nursing staff that will have a negative impact on nursing specialties. We examined the current Australian and New Zealand nephrology nursing workforce for measures of burnout as well as for the features of 'magnet' qualities that can attract staff, support the workforce and reduce attrition. Methods A co-designed 57-item survey was distributed to the nephrology nursing workforce online through membership of the Renal Society of Australasia. The survey used the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and included a discreet choice experiment (DCE) in which respondents are offered different choices, blinded to the intention, and asked to rank in order of highest priority what they considered to be the most valuable organisational attributes. Results The 253 respondents to the OLBI described moderate burnout (mean score 40.4); however, the respondents were mostly still able to describe feeling a sense of achievement most days. For the 143 respondents who completed the DCE, they chose professional educational opportunities to be ranked number one as the most important organisational attribute for recruiting and retaining nephrology nurses, with options for career progression ranked number two. Conclusion The sustainability of the nephrology nursing profession depends upon organisations recognising burnout in their workforce and taking action to incorporate 'magnet' qualities to increase professional education opportunities and career progression opportunities to stabilise the workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With research suggesting an increased risk of suicide for those employed in the construction industry the present review aimed to provide an updated, targeted, and rigorous estimate of the relative risk of suicide for this population. Comprehensive searches of Medline, Psycinfo, Embase, Emcare, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, as well as grey literature and reference lists, were undertaken to identify studies which reported the rate or risk of construction industry workers' suicide. Only samples that did not incorporate other industries and utilized reference groups deemed representative of the general or employed populations, were included. Eleven studies were included in the review. Primary analysis was undertaken on seven studies deemed to have wholly samples wholly representative of the construction industry. Despite a high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 98%), results suggest increased risk of construction worker suicide compared to the wider population. Random effect meta-analysis indicated a pooled relative suicide risk = 1.25 (95% CI 1.03–1.52), reported. A sensitivity analysis using less stringent inclusion criteria, demonstrated the robustness of these findings. Despite limitations, this paper suggests that construction industry employees may have an elevated risk of suicide. Additionally, this review highlights the need for further research, using standardized methodologies, to generate more robust understandings. Future research will benefit by accounting for locale-specific cultural and socio-political factors and attempting to quantify more specific drivers of suicide risk for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]