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The unsustainable nature of energy‐intensive and environmentally unfriendly traditional air conditioning systems, compacted with recent climate change effects, show an urgent need for more sustainable and efficient thermoregulation solutions. Innovations in passive daytime radiative coolers (PDRCs) and selective solar absorbers (SSAs), which utilize natural resources, the “cold” outer space and “hot” sun from the sky, offer an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective alternative. However, various factors significantly impede the commercial viability of these technologies, such as lack of emphasis on advancements for practical application, the challenge of reversible functionality between PDRCs and SSAs, inconsistent performance evaluation, and the absence of effective mass production strategies. Here current challenges and future development trends of PDRC and SSA‐aided innovation are discussed. Specifically, challenges and opportunities relating to application conditions, evaluation parameter standardization, and strategies are considered for large‐scale production, all of which are critical for realizing the full potential of PDRCs and SSAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An accessory extreme far anteromedial portal can improve visualisation and ease inferior leaf meniscectomy in patients with lateral meniscal anterior horn horizontal tears. However, the therapeutic outcomes of adding an accessory extreme far anteromedial portal remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of adding an accessory extreme far anteromedial portal for treating lateral meniscal horizontal tears involving the anterior horns. Methods: This retrospective study included 101 patients with anterior horn involvement in lateral meniscal horizontal tears who underwent arthroscopic unstable inferior leaf meniscectomy between January 2016 and December 2020. The pathologies were diagnosed using physical examinations and magnetic resonance imaging. The anterior horn involved in the lateral meniscal horizontal tears was treated using inferior leaf meniscectomy. The primary endpoints were changes in the visual analogue scale, Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee, and Tegner scores at the final follow-up. The secondary endpoint was meniscal cure rate at 3 months postoperatively. The preoperative and postoperative functional scores were compared. The occurrence of complications was recorded. Results: All patients were followed up for an average of 4.9 ± 1.2 years (range 2.3–7.5 years). After 4 months, none of the patients experienced pain, weakness, instability, or tenderness in the lateral joint line, achieving an imaging cure rate of 98%. At the final follow-up, significant postoperative improvements were observed in the average values of the visual analogue scale score (3.5 ± 0.7 vs. 0.7 ± 0.6), Lysholm score (62.7 ± 4.4 vs. 91.8 ± 3.1), International Knee Documentation Committee score (61.9 ± 3.7 vs. 91.7 ± 9.5), and Tegner score (2.0 ± 0.7 vs. 6.1 ± 0.7). Excellent Lysholm scores were obtained in 81 patients, and good outcomes were obtained in 18 patients, with an excellent-to-good rate of 98.0%. Conclusions: Inferior leaf resection via the accessory far anteromedial portal is a safe treatment option for the involved anterior horn in lateral meniscal horizontal tears. This approach enhances visibility and facilitates surgical procedures, with minimal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA lesions trigger DNA damage checkpoint (DDC) signaling which arrests cell cycle progression and promotes DNA damage repair. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, phosphorylation of histone H2A (γH2A, equivalent to γH2AX in mammals) is an early chromatin mark induced by DNA damage that is recognized by a group of DDC and DNA repair factors. We find that γH2A negatively regulates the G2/M checkpoint in response to the genotoxin camptothecin, which is a DNA topoisomerase I poison. γH2A also suppresses DDC signaling induced by the DNA alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate. These results differ from prior findings, which demonstrate positive or no roles of γH2A in DDC in response to other DNA damaging agents such as phleomycin and ionizing radiation, which suggest that γH2A has DNA damage-specific effects on DDC signaling. We also find evidence supporting the notion that γH2A regulates DDC signaling by mediating the competitive recruitment of the DDC mediator Rad9 and the DNA repair factor Rtt107 to DNA lesions. We propose that γH2A/γH2AX serves to create a dynamic balance between DDC and DNA repair that is influenced by the nature of DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine whether the age at menarche (AAM) and the age at menopause (ANM) are causally related to the development of sepsis. Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for both the exposure and outcome variables. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exhibited significant associations with AAM and ANM were chosen as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effects on sepsis. Our study employed a variety of methods, including MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimation, inverse variance weighting, a simple model, and a weighted model. Odds ratios (ORs) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the primary indicators for assessing causality. Furthermore, we conducted sensitivity analyses to explore the presence of genetic heterogeneity and validate the robustness of the tools employed. Result: Our analysis revealed a significant negative causal relationship between AAM and the risk of sepsis (IVW: OR = 0.870, 95% CI = 0.793–0.955, P = 0.003). However, our Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis did not yield sufficient evidence to support a causal link between ANM and sepsis (IVW: OR = 0.987, 95% CI = 0.971–1.004, P = 0.129). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an earlier AAM may be associated with an increased risk of sepsis. However, we did not find sufficient evidence to support a causal relationship between ANM and sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Introduction: Thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) participates in a series of physiological and pathological processes by binding to various receptors regulating cell proliferation, adhesion and apoptosis. Elevated circulating TSP‐1 is linked with diabetic vascular complications (DVC). This study aimed to determine the relationship between circulating TSP‐1 levels and DVC. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI databases was carried out. A meta‐analysis was carried out to compare circulating TSP‐1 levels between diabetes patients without vascular complications (DNVC), diabetes patients with DVC and non‐diabetes patients. The correlation between TSP‐1 and metabolic parameters was also analyzed. Subgroup analysis was carried out according to complication type, defined as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiovascular disease (DCVD). Results: A total of eight studies were included. Compared with non‐diabetes patients, diabetic patients, including DNVC and DVC, had significantly higher circulating TSP‐1 levels (standardized mean difference [SMD] 2.660, 95% CI 1.17–4.145, P = 0.000). DNVC had significantly higher circulating TSP‐1 levels than non‐diabetes patients (SMD 3.613, 95% CI 1.607–5.619, P = 0.000). DVC had significantly higher TSP‐1 levels than DNVC (SMD 0.568, 95% CI 0.100–1.036, P = 0.017). TSP‐1 was significantly positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (overall Fisher's z = 0.696, 95% CI 0.559–0.833) and HbA1c (overall Fisher's z = 0.849, 95% CI 0.776–0.923). Conclusions: Elevated circulating TSP‐1 levels are closely related to DVC, especially in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiovascular disease. Circulating TSP‐1 detection might be helpful in the timely diagnosis and treatment of DVC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart packaging film was developed employing the pH-indicating activity of elderberry anthocyanins to solve the problem of refrigerated food freshness monitoring. The effect of elderberry anthocyanins on the properties of gellan gum, gelatin composite films and preservation of fresh shrimp as an indicator of freshness was investigated. The results showed that the elderberry anthocyanin-gellan gum/gelatin film had improved on film thickness (7.8×10−2 mm), TS (tensile strength) (14.57×103 MPa), WVP (water vapor permeability) (36.96×10−8 g/m·s·Pa), and a reduced EAB (elongation at break) (17.92%), and water solubility (water-soluble time of 60.5 s). SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and FTIR (infrared spectrum analysis) showed excellent compatibility between its components. Moreover, the elderberry anthocyanin film exhibited good mechanical properties and pH indication effects. Therefore, the film can be considered suitable for maintaining the quality of fresh shrimp. The results could provide a reference for research and development into new active intelligent packaging films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SVIL is a member of the villin/gelsolin superfamily and is responsible for encoding supervillin. It has been reported to be closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumors. However, the mechanism of SVIL in bladder cancer has not been reported yet. In this research, we evaluated the relationship between SVIL expression and bladder cancer in public dataset and examined the expression of SVIL in bladder cancer cell lines, tissue microarrays and patients in our cohort. Our work determined that the expression of SVIL in bladder cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in normal tissue. However, in bladder cancer tissues, the high expression of SVIL is significantly associated with poor prognosis. This kind of duality is very novel and has great research value. The expression level of SVIL can well predict the survival time of bladder cancer patients, and is an independent risk factor of bladder cancer patients. The expression of SVIL is also closely related to the immune tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer. Our research provides a basis for personalized therapeutic targets for bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SVIL is a member of the villin/gelsolin superfamily and is responsible for encoding supervillin. It has been reported to be closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumors. However, the mechanism of SVIL in bladder cancer has not been reported yet. In this research, we evaluated the relationship between SVIL expression and bladder cancer in public dataset and examined the expression of SVIL in bladder cancer cell lines, tissue microarrays and patients in our cohort. Our work determined that the expression of SVIL in bladder cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in normal tissue. However, in bladder cancer tissues, the high expression of SVIL is significantly associated with poor prognosis. This kind of duality is very novel and has great research value. The expression level of SVIL can well predict the survival time of bladder cancer patients, and is an independent risk factor of bladder cancer patients. The expression of SVIL is also closely related to the immune tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer. Our research provides a basis for personalized therapeutic targets for bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As significant Ca2+ sensors, calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CML), have been associated with a variety of environmental conditions in plants. However, whether CaMs/CMLs are related to the stress of phytoplasma infection has not been reported in Paulownia fortunei. In the current study, 5 PfCaMs and 58 PfCMLs were detected through a genome-wide investigation. The number of EF-hand motifs in all PfCaMs/CMLs varied. Bioinformatics analyses, including protein characteristics, conserved domain, gene structure, cis-elements, evolutionary relationship, collinearity, chromosomal location, post-translation modification site, subcellular localization and expression pattern analyses, represented the conservation and divergence of PfCaMs/CMLs. Furthermore, some PfCaMs/CMLs might be involved in plants' reaction to phytoplasma infection and exogenous calcium therapy, indicating these genes may play a role in abiotic as well as biotic stress responses. In addition, subcellular localization analysis showed that PfCML10 was located in the cell membrane and nucleus. In summary, these findings establish a stronger platform for their subsequent functional investigation in trees and further characterize their roles in Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mannose receptor, as a member of the C-type lectin superfamily, is a non-canonical pattern recognition receptor that can internalize pathogen-associated ligands and activate intracellular signaling. Here, a mannose receptor gene, LvMR, was identified from the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. LvMR encoded a signal peptide, a fibronectin type II (FN II) domain, and two carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) with special EPS and FND motifs. LvMR transcripts were mainly detected in the hepatopancreas, and presented a time-dependent response after pathogen challenge. The recombinant LvMR (rLvMR) could bind to various PAMPs and agglutinate microorganisms in a Ca2+-dependent manner with strong binding ability to D-mannose and N-acetyl sugars. The knockdown of LvMR enhanced the expression of most NF-κB pathway genes, inflammation and redox genes, while it had no obvious effect on the transcription of most phagocytosis genes. Moreover, the knockdown of LvMR caused an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in the hepatopancreas after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. All these results indicate that LvMR might perform as a PRR in immune recognition and a negative regulator of inflammation during bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a notorious food-borne pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus can readily cause diseases in humans via contaminated food. Biofilm formation on various surfaces can increase the capacity of viable S. aureus cells for self-protection due to the stubborn structure of the biofilm matrix. Increased disease risk and economic losses caused by biofilm contamination in the food industry necessitate the urgent development of effective strategies for the inhibition and removal of S. aureus biofilms. Natural products have been extensively used as important sources of "eco-friendly" antibiofilm agents to avoid the side effects of conventional strategies on human health and the environment. This review discusses biofilm formation of S. aureus in food industries and focuses on providing an overview of potential promising target-oriented natural products and their mechanisms of S. aureus biofilm inhibition or removal. Hoping to provide valuable information of attractive research targets or potential undeveloped targets to screen potent natural anti-biofilm agents in food industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Protein–polysaccharide gels have significant and unique properties in food formulations. However, they are susceptible to environmental influences like heat and pH. The present work investigated the effects of acid and alkali treatments on the gel properties and microstructural changes of whey protein isolate (WPI) high acyl gellan gum (HG). RESULTS: The results showed that the pH had a strong effect on the gel hardness, water‐holding capacity (WHC), free sulfhydryl groups (‐SH), and other properties of the composite gel. The hardness reached a maximum level of 282.50 g and the best WHC was 98.33% at pH 7, indicating that a suitable pH could promote this cross‐linking between the WPI and HG molecules. The rheological analysis demonstrated that the pH affected the gel formation time. Meanwhile, the gel formation time reached a maximum at pH 7, and the gel's storage modulus G′ value was the largest in the final state. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that pH affected the interaction between WPI and HG. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis also indicated that the composite gel formed a three‐dimensional network structure at pH 7–9. CONCLUSION: These results could broaden the application of protein‐polysaccharide gels in food and delivery systems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinomycin (SM), a naturally occurring anti-tumour agent, is beneficial in treating a broad range of cancerous tumours. This is due to SM's limited aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability. Polyethylene glycol was conjugated to SM via a disulfide bond to alleviate the limitations of the previous technique. Small micelles (diameter ~ 63.5 nm) with excellent drug loading efficacy (~ 16.7%) and reduction and pH dual-sensitivity may be synthesized using this formulation, which self-assembles into micelles (SM-SS-Ms) in the aqueous solutions. A liver HepG2 cancer cell and its mice model xenograft were slandered methods in cell and animal investigations to demonstrate that SM-SS-Ms formulation could substantially extend the blood circulation and encourage tumour tissue accumulation. Antitumor effectiveness is achieved by SM-SS-Ms being targeted for accumulation in cancer cells, where they are quickly released into the intracellular microenvironment, which is acidic and glutathione-rich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term active restoration is often employed to restore degraded grasslands. The establishment of a viable soil seed bank is the key to successful restoration, as it enhances the resilience of vegetation. However, little is known of how the soil seed bank affects vegetation resilience following long-term active restoration of degraded grasslands. We determined seed abundance and species composition of the soil seed bank and soil properties and vegetation resilience of intact, degraded, and long-term (>10 years) actively restored grasslands on the Tibetan plateau (3900–4200 m a.s.l.). The plant-soil-seed bank quality index and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to assess the effect of the soil seed bank on vegetation resilience. After long-term (>10 years) active restoration of degraded grasslands by sowing seeds of native plant species, the densities of transient and persistent seeds increased by 5%, but seed richness (number of species) decreased by 25% when compared with degraded grasslands. This occurred largely as a result of an increase in grass but decrease in forb seeds. Persistent seeds of grasses play an important role in the productivity of restored grasslands, while the density of persistent seeds serves as an indicator of the resilience of vegetation. A combination of the plant community and soil properties determined seed density. Here, we show for the first time that long-term active restoration enhances vegetation resilience of grasslands by altering the soil seed bank. A high seed density of sown Gramineae and a low seed density of forbs in the soil seed bank is a key to the successful active restoration of degraded grasslands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new sesquiterpenoids (1 and 3), one new natural product (2), and two known compounds (4 and 5) were isolated from the leaves of Chimonanthus nitens. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of compound 3 was determined by the X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-5 was evaluated at three concentrations on two human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231) by MTT assay. As a result, we found that the cytotoxicity was weak even with a concentration of these compounds up to 100 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of heterojunction structures can effectively prevent the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs in semiconductors and result in the enhancement of photoelectric properties. Using TiO2 nanotubes (prepared using the hydrothermal-impregnation method) as carriers, CdS-TiO2NTs were fabricated as a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor, which can be used under visible light and can exhibit good PEC performance due to the existence of the heterojunction structure. The experimental results show that the prepared CdS-TiO2NTs electrode had a linear response to 2–16 mM glutathione (GSH). The sensor's sensitivity and detection limit (LOD) were 102.9 µA·mM−1 cm−2 and 27.7 µM, respectively. Moreover, the biosensor had good stability, indicating the potential application of this kind of heterojunction PEC biosensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the growing mass of social media data, how to efficiently extract the collection of interested concerns has become a research hotspot. Due to the large size and regularity of social media data, traditional indexing techniques are not applicable. Our "Learned Index", which is a part of social media intelligence solutions, uses mathematical principles to summarize the laws from the data. It predicts the location of the data by learning the mathematical properties of the data distribution to build the model. Although existing methods over single dimension and multi-dimension such as setting gaps are proposed to further optimize the performance of index, they do not consider the update-distribution of data. In this paper, we propose an update-distribution-aware learned index for social media data (TALI) to support update operations and handle the data sliding. In TALI, underlying data are learned through machine learning models, and a recursive hierarchical model is built. It also learns the update-distribution of data to adjust the size of each leaf node. Thus, it can more effectively support all kinds of operations in databases due to the decrease of the leaf nodes' sliding. In addition, TALI uses the model-based insertion method for bulkload and query, resulting in a small prediction error. Thus, exponential search is used to perform secondary lookup to improve query efficiency. Experiments were tested and compared on four realistic and synthetic social media datasets. Through extensive experiments, TALI performed better than the existing state-of-the-art learned index with less space occupancy on four realistic and synthetic social media datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae), is one of the most devastating diseases limiting soybean production worldwide. microRNAs (miRNAs) play major roles in regulating plant defense against pathogens. To understand the roles of soybean miRNAs during P. sojae infection, we analyzed four small RNA libraries from two soybean germplasms before and after P. sojae isolate JS08-12 infection. The cultivar Nannong 10-1 was resistant to JS08-12, whereas the 06-070583 line was susceptible to JS08-12. In total, 528 known and 555 putative novel miRNAs in soybean were identified from 97 million reads; 74 known miRNAs and 75 novel miRNAs that might be specifically related to Nannong10-1 responses to P. sojae; and 55 known and 43 novel miRNAs expressed before and after infection in the susceptible line 06-070583. qRT-PCR provided similar miRNA expression patterns to those obtained by the small-RNA sequencing of the four libraries. Then, the potential target genes of these differentially expressed miRNA were predicted, which encoded transcriptional factors, resistance proteins and transporters. Finally, we focused on the targets of the three legume-specific miRNAs (gma-miR1508, gma-miR1509, and gma-miR1510) and charted the miRNA–target interactions and networks based on the published degradome data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In agriculture, supplemental calcium was applied to alleviate plant growth and development inhibition causing by various stresses. However, calcium overload is toxic to plants, which may prevent the germination of seeds and reduce plant growth rates. Hsp90 is an important molecular chaperone distributing in all living organisms and a series of studies have shown that Hsp90 and Ca2+ have closely relationship. To better understanding the relationship between GmHsp90s and calcium stress, we conducted a series of experiments and reported in this research article. Methods: The study was performed by three techniques: 1) Quantitative RT-PCR with five GmHsp90 genes viz., GmHsp90A2, GmHsp90A4, GmHsp90B1, GmHsp90C1.1 and GmHsp90C2.1, 2) MDA, O2- and chlorophyll content assay of transgenic plants after calcium stress and 3) Phenotype analysis of transgenic plants in pod setting period after three days treatment of water or 80 mM CaCl2. Result: Quantitative RT-PCR with the five genes showed that they were all CaCl2 inducible. MDA, O2- and chlorophyll content assay showed that GmHsp90A2 and GmHsp90A4 transgenic lines significantly relieved the damage caused by CaCl2 and oxidative stress. The secondary stress damage, including the effect on plant height and pod setting rate, was also reduced in transgenic lines, especially GmHsp90B1 and GmHsp90C1.1 transgenic lines. Collectively, this study reveals the response of GmHsp90s to calcium and their potential function in coping with calcium stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have been gradually developed in recent years due to their abundant resources, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, ZIBs have received a great deal of attention from researchers, which are considered as the next generation of portable energy storage systems. However, poor overall performance of ZIBs restricts their development, which is attributed to zinc dendrites and a series of side reactions. Constructing 3D zinc anodes has proven to be an effective way to significantly improve their electrochemical performance. In this review, the challenges of zinc anodes in ZIBs, including zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution and corrosion, as well as passivation, are comprehensively summarized and the energy storage mechanisms of the zinc anodes and 3D zinc anodes are discussed. 3D zinc anodes with different structures including fiberous, porous, ridge‐like structures, plated zinc anodes on different substrates and other 3D zinc anodes, are subsequently discussed in detail. Finally, emerging opportunities and perspectives on the material design of 3D zinc anodes are highlighted and challenges that need to be solved in future practical applications are discussed, hopefully illuminating the way forward for the development of ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercuric ion (Hg2+), a poisonous metal ion that remained in water ecosystems, can severely damage the human central and peripheral nervous system and kidneys. Consequently, rapid and highly sensitive methods to determine trace Hg2+ are meaningful to discuss. In recent years, methods for detecting heavy metals by complexation reactions have emerged one after another. We have proposed a novel approach of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for the quantitative analysis of Hg2+ in water samples using dithizone (DTZ) as a Raman reporter. DTZ-modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced a strong SERS signal. In the presence of Hg2+, the DTZ can capture Hg2+ composing a stable structure, resulting in DTZ leaving the surface of the AgNPs, with an accompanying decrease in the signal. The proposed SERS assay showed a linear range of 10–4–10–8 M, with a limit of detection of 9.83 × 10–9 M. The sensor has low detection cost, rapid detection speed, and uncomplicated sample pretreatment. Furthermore, this method can be successfully utilized to detect Hg2+ rapidly in water samples, which sheds new light on the detection of Hg2+ in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synergy between two CO 2 active catalysts promotes activity and selectivity. • Cu SACs on Sn-SnO 2 promote C-C coupling over C1 products. • Selectivity towards C 2 products (ethanol) is tuned by Cu atom density. • Active CO 2 active support results in higher active sites compared to carbon support. The electrochemical reduction of CO 2 into multi-carbon containing products with high activity and selectivity still remains a big challenge. Herein, we propose a novel Cu-SACs (Cu single atoms catalyst) supported on tin-tin oxide (Cu SA -Sn-SnO 2) synthesized following a simple wetness impregnation and sequential reduction method for the direct conversion of CO 2 into ethanol, which shows good product selectivity, activity, and stability. It is confirmed that the copper single atoms with an oxidation state close to 1 are stabilized on the Sn-SnO 2 substrates. The electrochemical analysis of Sn-SnO 2 displays selectivity towards other products apart from CO and H 2. With the impregnation with Cu single atoms, the products on the Sn-SnO 2 surface shifts from HCOOH to ethanol. With the increase in Cu content, the ethanol production increases at the expense of CO, pointing towards dimerization of C1 products. The synthesized catalyst exhibited a remarkable selectivity as high as 74 % at −0.7 V vs RHE towards ethanol production with high stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • All carbon sources that lactose, galactose and lactate in acid whey can be utilized. • Enhanced lactate assimilation by overexpressing heterologous lactate dehydrogenase. • The highest butanol titer and yield by utilizing sustainable waste material. • The first instance of ester production using acid whey as substrate. • The combined yield of butyl acetate and butanol reached 0.37 g/g. As a byproduct of dairy production, the disposal of acid whey poses severe environmental challenges. Herein, an innovative solution involving metabolically engineering Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum to convert all carbon sources in acid whey into sustainable biofuels and biochemicals was presented. By introducing several heterologous metabolic pathways relating to metabolisms of lactose, galactose, and lactate, the ultimately optimized strain, LM-09, exhibited exceptional performance by producing 15.1 g/L butanol with a yield of 0.33 g/g and a selectivity of 89.9%. Through further overexpression of alcohol acyl transferase, 2.7 g/L butyl acetate along with 6.4 g/L butanol was generated, resulting in a combined yield of 0.37 g/g. This study achieves the highest reported butanol titer and yield using acid whey as substrate in clostridia and marks pioneering production of esters using acid whey. The findings demonstrate an innovative bioprocess that enhances renewable feedstock biotransformation, thereby promoting economic viability and environmental sustainability of biomanufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single cluster catalysts (SCCs) consisting of atomically precise metal nanoclusters dispersed on supports represent a new frontier of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the ability to synthesize SCCs with high loading and to precisely introduce non‐metal atoms to further tune their catalytic activity and reaction scope of SCCs have been longstanding challenges. Here, a new interface confinement strategy is developed for the synthesis of a high density of atomically precise Ru oxide nanoclusters (Ru3O2) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), attributed to the suppression of diffusion‐induced metal cluster aggregation. Ru3O2/rGO exhibits a significantly enhanced activity for oxidative dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) to quinoline with a high yield (≈86%) and selectivity (≈99%), superior to Ru and RuO2 nanoparticles, and homogeneous single/multiple‐site Ru catalysts. In addition, Ru3O2/rGO is also capable of efficiently catalyzing more complex oxidative reactions involving three reactants. The theoretical calculations reveal that the presence of two oxygen atoms in the Ru3O2 motif not only leads to a weak hydrogen bonding interaction between the THQ reactant and the active site, but also dramatically depletes the density of states near the Fermi level, which is attributed to the increased positive valence state of Ru and the enhanced oxidative activity of the Ru3O2 cluster for hydrogen abstraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the rapid development of human motion simulation technology and virtual simulation technology, natural human-computer interaction has become the main form of research in the computer industry. Due to the research capabilities and practical value of mobile video technology, it is widely used in advanced fields, such as video animation production, rehabilitation medicine, sports training, and game software, effectively realizing the connection between the three-dimensional world and the simulation world. However, the application of motion imaging technology in teaching activities is not perfect. This article is based on dance teaching, adopts a dance movement analysis method based on vector matching, and uses artificial intelligence technology to create a virtual panoramic scene. Experimental data show that the average recognition rate of gestures is 89.8%, which can meet the gesture switching interaction of working conditions in virtual simulation of equipment operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke is one of the major challenges for the global healthcare system, which makes it necessary to explore the relationship between various modifiable factors and stroke risk. Recently, numerous meta-analyses of prospective observational studies have reported that dietary factors played a key role in the occurrence of stroke. However, the conclusions of previous studies have remained controversial and unclear. Accordingly, we conducted an umbrella review synthesizing and recalculating available evidence to assess the certainty of the associations between dietary factors and stroke.Methods: Relevant meta-analyses examining the associations between dietary factors and stroke were searched in PubMed and Embase databases up to September 1, 2021. For each eligible meta-analysis, two independent reviewers appraised the methodologic quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria and estimated the summary effect size, 95% confidence intervals, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity between studies, and small-study effects. Moreover, we further assessed the associations between dietary factors and ischemic stroke as well as hemorrhagic stroke. Lastly, a set of pre-specified criteria was applied to qualitatively evaluate the epidemiological credibility of each dietary factor.Results: Overall, our umbrella review included 122 qualified meta-analyses for qualitative synthesis, involving 71 dietary factors related to food groups, foods, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Using the AMSTAR 2 criteria, 5 studies were assessed as high quality, 4 studies as moderate quality, and 113 studies as low or critically low quality. We identified 34 dietary factors associated with stroke occurrence, 25 dietary factors related to ischemic stroke, and 11 factors related to hemorrhagic stroke. Among them, high/moderate certainty epidemiological evidence demonstrated an inverse association between intake of fruits (RR: 0.90) and vegetables (RR: 0.92) and stroke incidence, but a detrimental association between red meat (RR: 1.12), especially processed red meat consumption (RR:1.17), and stroke incidence. Besides, the evidence of high/moderate certainty suggested that the intake of processed meat, fruits, coffee, tea, magnesium, and dietary fiber was associated with ischemic stroke risk, while consumption of tea, fruits, and vegetables was relevant to hemorrhagic stroke susceptibility.Conclusions: Our study has reported that several dietary factors have a significant impact on stroke risk and offered a new insight into the relationship between dietary modification and stroke occurrence. Our results may provide an effective strategy for stroke prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography Quadrupole-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) was applied for the quality evaluation of different processing and drying of American ginseng, including natural drying (ND), steam drying (SD), and vacuum freeze-drying (VFD). A total of 51 saponins were successfully identified in three processed products. Three processed American ginseng products were well-differentiated in orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The S-plot also identified the marker compounds in each product, while the major ginsenosides of ND (malonyl (M)-Rd, M-Rb1, Rg1), SD (20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (S)-Rg2), and VFD (M-Rd, M-Rb1) were found. The results indicate that the method by vacuum freeze-drying can retain the content of rare ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides. The marker compounds selected will benefit the holistic evaluation of related American ginseng products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and objective: Two endothelin receptor antagonists, ambrisentan and bosentan, have been demonstrated to be effective individually compared with placebo in the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This network meta‐analysis compared the efficacy and safety of ambrisentan and bosentan in patients with PAH. Methods: Clinical trials were identified from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL/CCTR), EMBASE and PubMed databases. Weighted mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for continuous outcomes (6‐min walk distance [6MWD] and Borg dyspnoea index [BDI]). Hazard ratio (HR) was calculated for binary outcomes, including clinical worsening, discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs) and liver dysfunction. Surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank the treatments in each index. Results: Five clinical trials from four published studies (total patients: n = 920) were included. Ambrisentan and bosentan showed no significant difference in 6MWD (MD: −1.32; 95% CI: −27.87, 25.31, SUCRA score: ambrisentan 0.73, bosentan 0.77), BDI (MD: −0.16; 95% CI: −0.98, 0.65, SUCRA score: ambrisentan 0.83, bosentan 0.66), clinical worsening (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.33, 2.94, SUCRA score: ambrisentan 0.75, bosentan 0.74) and discontinuation due to AEs (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.11, 5.86, SUCRA score: ambrisentan 0.47, bosentan 0.57). However, ambrisentan was significantly better than bosentan with respect to abnormal liver function (HR: 23.18; 95% CI: 2.24, 377.20, SUCRA score: ambrisentan 0.99, bosentan 0.02). What is new and conclusion: The results of this network meta‐analysis suggest that ambrisentan was similar to bosentan in efficacy, while it exhibited better tolerability with respect to abnormal liver function in comparison with bosentan, in patients with PAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CD20/CMC model was established to screening small molecule inhibitor. • The interaction of 2-methoxyestradiol with CD20 was validated by this model. • Five compounds were screened acting on CD20. • The pharmacological validation of five compounds were studied. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors occurring in B or T lymphocytes, and no small molecule-positive drugs to treat NHL have been marketed. Cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) is an important molecule regulating signaling for the life and differentiation of B lymphocytes and possesses the characteristics of a drug target for treating NHL. 2-Methoxyestradiol induces apoptosis in lymphoma Raji cells and CD20 protein is highly expressed by Raji lymphoma cells. Therefore, in this study, a CD20-SNAP-tag/CMC model was developed to validate the interaction of 2-methoxyestradiol with CD20. 2-Methoxyestradiol was used as a small molecule control compound, and the system was validated for good applicability. The cell membrane chromatography model was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography ion trap time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (HPLC-IT-TOF-MS) in a two-dimensional system to successfully identify, analyze, and characterize the potential active compounds of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. extract and Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim. extract, including Schisandrin A, Schizandrol A, Schizandrol B, Schisantherin B, and Nevadensin, which can act on CD20 receptors. The five potential active compounds were analyzed by non-linear chromatography. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of their interaction with CD20 were also analyzed, and the mode of interaction was simulated by molecular docking. Their inhibitory effects on lymphoma cell growth were assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Nevadensin and Schizandrin A were able to induce apoptosis in Raji cells within a certain concentration range. In conclusion, the present experiments provide some bases for improving NHL treatment and developing small molecule lead compounds targeting CD20 with low toxicity and high specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion mechanism involving bacterial biofilms has long been a focus of the research on microbiologically influenced corrosion. In this study, biofilms formed by Pseudoalteromonas marine and its mutant demonstrated the ability to inhibit uniform corrosion. However, the excessive secretion of colanic acid by the mutant Δ 01912 resulted in a significantly increased number of attached bacteria and the formation of unevenly hydrophilic biofilms, which aggravated localized pitting corrosion on the steel surface. This study provides evidence that unevenly hydrophilic biofilms can lead to local enrichment of chloride ions, thereby intensifying the pitting of metal materials. • Pseudoalteromonas marine and its mutant could inhibit uniform corrosion. • The mutant Δ 01912 secreted the excessive colonic acid. • The excessive colonic acid induced the unevenly hydrophilic biofilms. • The unevenly hydrophilic biofilms could aggravate pitting corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Aged AβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice showed a premature immunosenescence phenotype. • Compared to WT mice, the mortality rate of AD mice was significantly greater. • Aged AD mice had more tumors and lesions in different organs than WT mice. • The percentage of exhausted T lymphocytes in senior AD mice's peripheral blood was considerably higher than in WT mice of the same age. The APPswe/PS1 Δ E9 mouse is a double transgenic murine model that harbors two transgenes for Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-related mutant proteins. We previously discovered that this double transgenic animal had a premature immunosenescence phenotype. However, it is unclear how this phenotype progresses to a later stage. This study aimed to elucidate the changes in systemic characteristics aside from those associated with AD between elderly APPswe/PS1 Δ E9 mice and littermate control wild-type mice. Tumors in all organs were considerably more frequent in AD mice aged 24 months than in the control wild-type mice. In addition, the survival rate of aged AD mice was considerably lower than that of wild-type control mice. Further, we discovered that the phenotypic difference was mainly caused by severe immunological aging, as evidenced by a high proportion of exhausted T lymphocytes in AD mice compared to wild-type mice of the same age. Based on our findings, the harm produced by normal aging is not as severe as immunological senescence. Addressing immunological aging, as opposed to anti-aging alone, may be a more crucial target for a long life free of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An adaptive switchable coating based on hydrogel was designed. • Thermochromic hydrogel coating can save ∼ 20.3 % of energy consumption. • At T c from 20 °C to 60 °C, net power ranged from 675.0 W·m−2 to − 86.2 W·m−2. • A ∼ 10 °C or 7 °C lower temperature can be achieved compared with reference coatings. In outdoor environments, solar heating in summer leads to the overheating of equipment or buildings while in winter these objects would overcool and would necessitate heating to maintain their suitable operating temperature. Temperature regulation based on cooling and heating accounts for global energy consumption and global greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, a strategy based on a high emittance polymer, thermochromic hydrogel, and black solar absorber was proposed to passively control temperature by regulating solar heating under sunlight. The system can seamlessly transition between "cooling" and "heating" modes based on the critical temperature T c of the thermochromic hydrogel. T c can be adjusted within a range of 25 °C to 45 °C to accommodate diverse temperature control requirements. When the temperature of the coating material stack increased from 20 °C to 60 °C, the heating/cooling power ranged from 675.0 W·m−2 to − 86.2 W·m−2, switching from the "heating" to "cooling" modes, respectively. The designed coating demonstrated a potential energy-saving capability, with approximately 20.3 % reduction in energy consumption compared to conventional coatings. Outdoor experiments revealed that the temperature of the coating remained more stable and was approximately 10 °C or 7 °C lower than that of reference coatings. These results indicated combining solar heating and radiative cooling with thermochromic hydrogels can provide a potential approach to achieving outdoor adaptive temperature control for energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Frailty has gained increasing attention as it is by far the most prevalent geriatric condition amongst older patients which heavily impacts chronic health status. However, the relationship between frailty and adverse health outcomes in China is far from clear. This study explored the relation between frailty and a panel of adverse health outcomes. Methods: We performed a multicentre cohort study of older inpatients at 6 large hospitals in China, with two-stage cluster sampling, from October 2018 to April 2019. Frailty was measured according to the FRAIL scale and categorized into robust, pre-frail, and frail. A multivariable logistic regression model and multilevel multivariable negative binomial regression model were used to analyse the relationship between frailty and adverse outcomes. Outcomes were length of hospitalization, as well as falls, readmission, and mortality at 30 and 90 days after enrolment. All regression models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, surgery, and hospital ward. Results: We included 9,996 inpatients (median age 72 years and 57.8% male). The overall mortality at 30 and 90 days was 1.23 and 1.88%, respectively. At 30 days, frailty was an independent predictor of falls (odds ratio [OR] 3.19; 95% CI 1.59–6.38), readmission (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.25–1.67), and mortality (OR 3.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.10–5.96), adjusted for age, sex, BMI, surgery, and hospital ward clustering effect. At 90 days, frailty had a strong predictive effect on falls (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.09–4.01), readmission (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.21–1.57), and mortality (OR 6.50; 95% CI 4.00–7.97), adjusted for age, sex, BMI, surgery, and hospital ward clustering effect. There seemed to be a dose-response association between frailty categories and fall or mortality, except for readmission. Conclusions: Frailty is closely related to falls, readmission, and mortality at 30 or 90 days. Early identification and intervention for frailty amongst older inpatients should be conducted to prevent adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the limitation of mobile robots' understanding of the environment in local path planning tasks, the problems of local deadlock and path redundancy during planning exist in unknown and complex environments. In this paper, a novel algorithm based on the combination of a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, fuzzy logic control, and reinforcement learning is proposed, and uses the advantages of each algorithm to overcome the other's shortcomings. First, a neural network model including LSTM units is designed for local path planning. Second, a low-dimensional input fuzzy logic control (FL) algorithm is used to collect training data, and a network model (LSTM_FT) is pretrained by transferring the learned method to learn the basic ability. Then, reinforcement learning is combined to learn new rules from the environments autonomously to better suit different scenarios. Finally, the fusion algorithm LSTM_FTR is simulated in static and dynamic environments, and compared to FL and LSTM_FT algorithms, respectively. Numerical simulations show that, compared to FL, LSTM_FTR can significantly improve decision-making efficiency, improve the success rate of path planning, and optimize the path length. Compared to the LSTM_FT, LSTM_FTR can improve the success rate and learn new rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of copper ions (Cu2+) in excessive amounts can pose significant health risks. Therefore, the development of a rapid and highly sensitive technique for detecting even trace quantities of Cu2+ is of paramount importance. The proposed detection approach leverages the core-shell design of Au@Ag NPs functioning as the sensing substrate. The substrates were coupled with Raman probe molecules, namely, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) and iodine ions (I−), resulting in the formation of the Au@Ag NPs-4-MBA-I− detection system. In this system, interactions between Cu2+ and I− took place, leading to the generation of I2, which in turn initiated the etching process of the Ag shell layer. Consequently, the thickness of the Ag shell decreased gradually. This reduction in the shell layer impaired the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement effect, causing a gradual decrease in the Raman signal intensity at 1586 cm−1 which was attributed to the characteristic peak of 4-MBA. Notably, a linear correlation existed between the thickness of the Ag shell and the intensity of the Raman signal. The proposed method for Cu2+ detection exhibits robust resistance to interference and high reproducibility under optimal SERS testing conditions. It boasted a wide linear detection range from 10−9 to 10−4 M and achieves a low detection limit (LOD) of 1.108 10−9 M. Moreover, this sensor was environmentally friendly, offered rapid recognition capabilities, and incurred minimal detection costs. Its versatility extended to diverse water systems, making it suitable for detecting Cu2+ not only in tap water but also in various other water sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe-based MOFs (Fe-MOFs) are excellent photocatalysts and have synergy well with Fenton reagents relative to other MOFs. In this work, a series of uniformly covered NH2-Fe-MIL-88B@TpPa-1-COF composites were synthesized using an in-situ anchoring growth strategy, which used F127 as functional molecule to decorate NH2-Fe-MIL-88B nanoparticles to eliminate their surface electrostatic repulsion with Tp molecules during the subsequent coating procedure. Meanwhile, the -NH2 groups in the skeleton of NH2-Fe-MIL-88B could also be used as anchors to covalently connect TpPa-1-COF shell and migration channels for effective charge transfer. This uniformly covered core–shell structure would endow these composites with much more contact area and imine bond linkage between the Fe-MOFs core and COFs shell. Compared with the random packing structure, the uniformly covered Fe-MOF@COF-3 composite possessed a higher proportion of Fe2+ to Fe3+. As a result, the optimized Fe-MOF@COF-3 catalyst could achieve the highest photo-Fenton degradation efficiency of 93.9% for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC⋅HCl), which was much higher than 54.8% of pure NH2-Fe-MIL-88B. In addition, the uniform TpPa-1-COF shell could further effectively enhance the stability of NH2-Fe-MIL-88B by protecting Fe ions from leaching, and the toxicity of the water samples treated with our photo-Fenton degradation process declined obviously. All these merits will endow Fe-MOF@COF-3 photo-Fenton catalyst great potential application value as in the field of environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between childhood bullying and loneliness of the floating elderly in mega-cities. Methods By using the method of quota sampling, an effective questionnaire survey was conducted among 7 000 migrant elderly people ≤ 60 years old in Qingyundian Town, Daxing District, Beijing in 2022. The information of social demography, loneliness, and childhood bullying were collected. Univariate analysis and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model were used to analyze the relationship between childhood bullying and loneliness of the floating elderly in mega-cities. Results After adjusting demographic variables, socio-economic status variables, physical health variables, length of stay in Beijing, and proficiency in Mandarin and social integration, the loneliness scores of floating elderly people in mega-cities who suffered childhood bullying increased by an average of 5.616 (4.153-7.079) points. Self-rated health, Mandarin proficiency, marital satisfaction, and social integration played a regulatory role in "childhood bullying-loneliness". Compared with model 1, the 95%CI of models 2, 3, and 4 changed from 8.014 (6.580-9.447) to 7.498 (6.027-8.968), 7.402 (5.961-8.843), and 5.616 (4.153-7.079), respectively. Sub-sample regression showed that the results were stable in different gender, age, household registration, and marriage and spouse mobility (all P < 0.01), but there were differences in education level. Conclusion The floating elderly in mega-cities who suffered childhood bullying have a higher level of loneliness, and self-rated health, proficiency of Mandarin, marital satisfaction, and social integration are helpful to weaken the above-mentioned relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the variations of soil organic matter and plant leaf cuticular waxes along an altitude gradient at two mountains in the east side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods: Surface soils were sampled along an altitude gradient (2600, 3000, 3400, 3800 and 4200 m). We analyzed the soil total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil lipids and leaf cuticular waxes in Kobresia humilis which distributed at all tested altitudes. Results: A sharp concentration increase of TOC was observed when altitudes increased, whereas the proportions of DOC in TOC at low altitudes (3000 m and 2600 m) were significantly higher than those at higher altitudes. Altitudes also influenced the molecular weight, humification degree, aromaticity, and hydrophobicity of DOC molecular. Though soils at higher altitudes relatively had higher abundance of odd carbon alkanes and even carbon alcohols, soil lipid concentrations showed no significant difference between altitudes. Relatively higher total wax coverage at high and low altitude was observed on leaves of K. humilis. Conclusions: The changes of altitudes at alpine ecosystem were associated with alterations of both quantity and quality of soil organic matter as well as leaf cuticular wax coverage, which contributed to their environmental adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Our aim was to investigate associations between blastocyst morphology parameters and live birth outcome and to make possible additional recommendations for existing embryo selection strategies. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2593 frozen–thawed single blastocyst transfers (SBT) cycles from 2012 to 2016. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent predictive effectiveness of blastocyst parameters for live birth rate (LBR). Results: The participants enrolled in the present study were 32 (28–35) years old with a median body mass index of 21.20 (19.60–23.40) kg/m2, among whom 1058 (40.8%) women had live births. Among the three blastocyst morphology parameters, we found only inner cell mass grade and trophectoderm cell grade had significant effects on LBR (P < 0.001). When adjusting for potential confounders in a multivariable logistic regression model, the expansion and hatching (EH) stage of blastocoel also showed obvious correlation with LBR. Blastocysts at EH stage 4–5 had a significantly higher LBR than that at stage 3 (P < 0.05). Additionally, the timing of blastulation was also an important predictor of LBR. Blastocysts vitrified on day 6 and day 7 yielded a lower LBR than that vitrified on day 5 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The timing of blastulation and all blastocyst morphology parameters were associated with LBR independently. Although the most important parameter for predicting clinical outcomes remains undetermined, the timing of blastulation was a stable predictor of live birth for frozen–thawed SBT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The levels of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein broadly expressed on the majority of hematopoietic cells, such as T/B cells and natural killer cells, vary significantly during cell differentiation and activation. Previous studies focused mainly on the role of LAIR-1 in physiology and some pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases. It has been shown that LAIR-1 mediates immune suppression, further resulting in uncontrolled inflammation. Furthermore, recent studies showed that LAIR-1 participates in the development of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tumors as well as malaria. This review summarizes the current findings on LAIR-1 in various diseases, its potential roles in pathogenesis, and provides new insight into the treatment of patients through suppression of the function of LAIR-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latent heat thermal energy storage by using phase change materials (PCMs) to store and release thermal energy is considered to be an efficient, environmental and promising thermal energy storage method for energy conservation. The advantages of PCMs on thermal energy storage works are in terms of keeping constant temperature during the phase change process. It is especially important for researching and developing phase-change materials (PCMs) with low operation cost, simple process, stable performance and favorable durability. In this study, paraffin/SiO2 composite phase-change materials (CPCMs) were prepared with cheap and environmental paraffin as the core material and with industrial water glass for the preparation of the nano-SiO2 as the shell material and characterized. From the technological parameters of CPCMs, select 8 items and analyze data by comprehensive assessment based on the efficacy coefficient method. It was indicated seepage circle, coating rate, phase-change enthalpy, mass loss ratio, density, thermal conductivity and temperature regulation performance are positive response. When the paraffin/water ratio was 1:4, pH is 4.5, the temperature is 35°Cand the paraffin/hydrated silica ratio is 2:1, the system efficacy coefficient of the optimum parameters is 0.8162and it's the most significant. The method is effectively used to analyze the optimum value and could be significant in material optimization for next experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for antimicrobial packaging films is growing due to public attention to food safety. The structures and properties of gellan gum–guar gum blend films incorporated with nisin were investigated in this paper. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, rheological analyses showed intermolecular interactions among gellan gum, guar gum, and nisin. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis also indicated higher compatibility of the blend film components and better thermal stability than the gellan gum film. Tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB) and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the blend films were enhanced with the addition of guar gum. The TS of the blend film reached 2.89 × 103 MPa, the EAB increased to 67.99%, and the WVP increased to 1.80 × 10−5 g/mm·s·Pa. Additionally, the film with nisin had antibacterial activity for Bacillus subtilis. The results demonstrated that a homogenous and smooth antimicrobial film with gellan gum, guar gum, and nisin could be a good option of antimicrobial packaging film for food preservation. Practical Application: This work investigated blend package films of gellan gum and guar gum incorporated with nisin. The results showed compatibility and thermal stability of the film were improved with adding a certain amount of guar gum, and also antibacterial activity for Bacillus subtilis of the blend film with nisin. Therefore, it can be used to the development of antimicrobial packaging films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the foremost primary glomerular disease, treatment of IgAN is still in infancy. Non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed for IgAN diagnosis. We investigate the difference in expression profiles of exosomal long non-coding-RNAs (lncRNAs) in plasma from IgAN patients compared with their healthy first-degree relatives, which may reveal novel non-invasive IgAN biomarkers. Methods: We isolated exosomes from the plasma of both IgAN patients and their healthy first-degree relatives. High-throughput RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate lncRNA expression profiles. Pathway enrichment analysis was used to predict their nearest protein-coding genes. Results: lncRNA-G21551 was significantly down-regulated in IgAN patients. Interestingly, the nearest protein-coding gene of lncRNA-G21551 was found to be encoding the low affinity receptor of the Fc segment of immunoglobulin G (FCGR3B). Conclusions: Exosomal lncRNA-G21551, with FCGR3B as the nearest protein-coding gene, was down-regulated in IgAN patients, indicating its potential to serve as a non-invasive biomarker for IgAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel fabrication of Gelatin/chitosan bio-composited hydrogel matrix was consisting of nano-TiO 2 particles. • The nano-crystalline structure and TiO 2 loaded hydrogen morphology were confirmed • Enhanced in vitro cell survival and cell spreading on the prepared TiO 2 incorporated hydrogel. • This material could be an effective biomaterial for the nursing management of bone fracture healing. In this study, we are successfully fabricated on a hydrogel consisting of TiO 2 nanoparticles loaded onto a gelatin/chitosan matrix to control the acceleration of bone fracture healing and improved the nursing care applications. Each specimen (chitosan, gelatin and titanium dioxide) were characterized and confirmed by using different techniques, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Elemental dispersive X-ray analysis, Thermo-gravimetric and Differential thermal analysis. In addition, the cell cytotoxicity results verified that the TiO 2 /gelatin-chitosan hydrogel are nontoxic to osteoblasts. And cell fixation outcome after 5 days of incubation condition revels that the enhanced in vitro cell survival and cell spreading on the prepared TiO 2 incorporated hydrogel with respect to gelatin/chitosan hydrogel. Furthermore, TiO 2 /gelatin-chitosan hydrogel nanostructures can modulate the bone fracture healing, indicating a potential application on nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatase nanosheets (ANs) with a high percentage of the {001} facets are considered good photocatalysts due to the higher energy of these facets as compared to that of the {101} facets. Accordingly, it is important to overcome the drawback of decreasing the electron transport deficiency without varying the morphology of the catalysts. In order to solve this issue, herein, the rational modification of ANs by Fe(III) was proven to be a feasible approach. A series of metal ions (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) are used to support the feasibility of this rational design. As result, Fe(III)-modified ANs (Fe-0.5-TiO2) present excellent activity for the decomposition of dye molecules and p-chlorophenol compared to the other samples and the commercial P25 catalyst under simulated solar-light irradiation (200 mW cm−2). It is proposed that the Fe(III) ions bind electrons and form Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couples on the surface of ANs, which have a lower potential than the conduction band of TiO2. Thus ˙O2− is more easily generated. The Fe(III) species are attributed as the electron-trapping centers and enhance the efficiency of electron transport in TiO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: MYC rearrangements are the main cytogenetic alterations in plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). We aimed to investigate the relationship between MYC rearrangement and the clinicopathological features of PBL. Methods and results: MYC rearrangements assessed in 13 unpublished single‐centre PBL cases, and an additional 85 cases from the literature, with reported MYC rearrangement information individualised by patient, were reviewed. In Asia, PBL was much less commonly diagnosed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients (27% versus 84%, P = 0.000), with older age (median age at diagnosis: 52 years versus 44 years, P = 0.046) and a lower EBV infection rate (56.8% versus 81.8%, P = 0.049), than in non‐Asian regions. Overall, MYC rearrangements were identified in 44 of 98 (44.9%) PBL cases, and IGH was the partner in almost all available cases (30/31, 96.8%), as confirmed with a MYC–IGH fusion probe. The MYC rearrangement rate in HIV‐positive cases (33/55, 60.0%) was significantly higher than that in HIV‐negative cases (11/38, 28.9%, P = 0.003). Patients with MYC rearrangement showed a trend towards an inferior median survival time (9.6 months versus 15.7 months, P = 0.122) and 2‐year overall survival (17% versus 32%, P = 0.238). Conclusions: MYC rearrangement was frequently identified in PBL patients, and IGH was the partner gene in an overwhelming majority of MYC rearrangements. In addition, the MYC rearrangement rate was significantly higher in HIV‐positive PBL patients than that in HIV‐negative patients. MYC rearrangement may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV‐positive PBL, but further studies are required to understand the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: MYC rearrangements are the main cytogenetic alterations in plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). We aimed to investigate the relationship between MYC rearrangement and the clinicopathological features of PBL. Methods and results: MYC rearrangements assessed in 13 unpublished single‐centre PBL cases, and an additional 85 cases from the literature, with reported MYC rearrangement information individualised by patient, were reviewed. In Asia, PBL was much less commonly diagnosed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients (27% versus 84%, P = 0.000), with older age (median age at diagnosis: 52 years versus 44 years, P = 0.046) and a lower EBV infection rate (56.8% versus 81.8%, P = 0.049), than in non‐Asian regions. Overall, MYC rearrangements were identified in 44 of 98 (44.9%) PBL cases, and IGH was the partner in almost all available cases (30/31, 96.8%), as confirmed with a MYC–IGH fusion probe. The MYC rearrangement rate in HIV‐positive cases (33/55, 60.0%) was significantly higher than that in HIV‐negative cases (11/38, 28.9%, P = 0.003). Patients with MYC rearrangement showed a trend towards an inferior median survival time (9.6 months versus 15.7 months, P = 0.122) and 2‐year overall survival (17% versus 32%, P = 0.238). Conclusions: MYC rearrangement was frequently identified in PBL patients, and IGH was the partner gene in an overwhelming majority of MYC rearrangements. In addition, the MYC rearrangement rate was significantly higher in HIV‐positive PBL patients than that in HIV‐negative patients. MYC rearrangement may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV‐positive PBL, but further studies are required to understand the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An integrative HSH-CBE with NADES technique was used for mulberry anthocyanins extraction. • The process exhibited excellent efficiency for anthocyanins extraction. • NADES enhanced the stability of anthocyanins compared with organic solvents. • The approach was satisfactory for the extraction and analysis of unstable constituents. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been growing interest as an alternative to the traditional organic solvents. They not only have the merit of high efficiency but also have the possibility to readily applicable to pharmaceutical and food applications. In the present study, NADES with high-speed homogenization and cavitation-burst extraction (HSH-CBE) was performed on fresh mulberry for anthocyanins extraction. The extraction conditions were statistically investigated by Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal conditions were obtained as follows: chloride-citric acid-glucose formed a NADES with the mole ratio of 1:1:1, 30% water content, liquid-solid ratio 22 mL/g, homogenization time 60 s, homogenization speed 12,000 rpm, extraction time 30 min, negative pressure −0.08 MPa and extraction two times. The total maximum extraction of anthocyanins reached 6.05 mg/g fresh weight, which was 1.24 folds to those by the traditional organic solvents extraction. Moreover, NADES exhibited higher stability of anthocyanins extraction than traditional organic solvents, which was benefit for the analysis and preservation of anthocyanins. Consequently, this result revealed that the developed method could be taken as a sustainable, green and effective approach for anthocyanins extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid, sensitive, and widely applicable method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of 20 underivatized amino acids in different biological matrices, including serum, plasma, and tissue homogenates, using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Only 4 µL of serum, plasma, or tissue homogenate was extracted with 996 µL of solution (1.7 mM ammonium formate in 85% acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid) containing 100 ng/mL phenylalanine‐d5 as an internal standard without any further derivatization step. In addition, the matrix effects were small because a large volume of extraction solution was used. The total run time including reequilibration was 13 min. The results of linearity, accuracy, repeatability, precision, limits of detection, limits of quantification, and sample stability were sufficient to allow the measurement of the amino acids in different biological matrices. We conclude that our method is rapid, sensitive, and widely applicable and represents an improvement over other currently available technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]