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Atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used to visualize the morphological change on the surface of CHO cell membrane before and after Electromagnetic pulses (EMP)irradiation. The results showed that there were different sizes and shapes of membrane perforate (the width is 0.66-0.39 um, the depth is 392.95 nm) after 400 kV/m 200 pulses EMP irradiation. The numbers of cell membrane perforates were decreased with EMP field intensity and the pulses numbers decreasing. It is suggested that EMP irradiation can cause the membrane perforate of CHO cell directly. The numbers of cell membrane perforates were increased with EMP field intensity and the pulses numbers increasing. EMP induced membrane perforate may play a very important role in EMP bio-effects.

The document is to observe the changes of ultrastructure of endocrine cell in anterior pituitary after being exposed to PEMW to explore the possible injury characteristics. 28 male Sparague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (7 rats in each group), the control group was put in the boxes without irradiation. At 24 h after exposure to PEMW (E=100 kVmiddotm-1, 10000, 100000, 300000 pulses), the transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of anterior pituitary. The result showed that ultrastructures of anterior pituitary were obviously changed in irradiated groups at 10000 pulses, especially in prolactin cells and growth hormone cells, including evacuation of secretory granule, the mitochondrial vacuolization and distinct dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum. The injury gradually aggravate followed by pulses increase. The changes at 300000 pulses were the most severe. In conclusion, PEMW can lead injury to endocrine cells of anterior pituitary in rats, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum are the main injured organelles.

AIM: The present paper investigated the effect on behavior of female rat 3 months after electromagnetic pulse irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mature female rats were randomly divided into control group and EMP irradiation group. Rats in the EMP irradiation group were exposed to EMP. The field intensity was 100 KV/m with 1000 pulses. The changes of behavior were observed with step through test and open-field test in rats 3 months after electromagnetic pulse irradiation. Memory retention, Error scores, Accumulative Distance (AD), Accumulative Distance of Leaving the Border (ADLB), Accumulative Distance in the User Defined Area (ADUDA), AD inside the inner circle(ADIC), AT of Resting (ATREST), AT of Walking (ATWALK) and AD of Walking(ADWALK) were recorded. RESULTS: Analysis of step through test indicated that the EMP irradiation group has a significant decrease in memory retention and a significant increase in error scores of the entries into the dark compartment compared with control group (P

AIM. To investigate the changes of the mice testes and the tight junction (Tj) relative molecular and to identify the molecular mechanisms of the mice blood-testis-barrier (BTB) permea- bility increasing after the mice were exposed to electromagnetic pulse (EMP). METHODS. Observe the changes vimentin of the mice testes by laser scanning confocal technique. RESULTS. After the 200 kVm-1 EMP (the accumulative pulse times was 200) exposure, the vimentin in sustentacular cells of testis became irregularly shortened and derangement, and the intensity of immuno- fluorescence also showed ununiformity compared with control. CONCLUSION. The increasing of mice BTB permeability perhaps caused by the changing of vimentin.

AIM To discuss the effect of EMP on lipid peroxidation of human gastric cancer cells MKN28. METHODS MKN28 cells were divided into 5 groups (control group, 50, 100, 200, 400kVldrm-1groups), 16 wells for each group. 12 hours after the cell-planting, each group were exposed by 0, 50, 100, 200, 400kV-m-1 respectively. 0, 6, 12, 24, 48h after EMP irradiation, the wells of each group were separated and detected by chemiluminescence analysator. The result was recorded in forms of value of first peak and 5 s integral area. The data obtained from the experiment were analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS Compared with control group, the chemoluminescence intensity (value of first peak and 5 s integral area) of 50, 100kVldrm-1 irradiation groups (0, 6, 24h after irradiation) and 200, 400kVldrm1 irradiation groups (0, 6, 12, 24, 48h after irradiation) decreased significantly (p

AIM To study the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure on the permeability of Blood-testicle barrier(BTB) in mice. METHODS Adult male BALB/c mice were exposed to EMP at 200kV/m for 200 pulses with 2 seconds interval. The mice were injected with 2% Evans Blue solution through caudal vein at different time point after exposure, and the permeability of BTB was observed by fluorescence microscope. The testis sample for the transmission electron microscopy was prepared at 2h after EMP exposure. The permeability of BTB in mice was observed by using Evans Blue tracer and lanthanum nitrate tracer. RESULTS After exposure, cloudy Evans Blue was found in the testicle convoluted seminiferous tubule of mice. Lanthanum nitrate was observed not only between testicle spermatogonia near seminiferous tubule wall and sertoli cells, but also between sertoli cells and primary spermatocyte or secondary spermatocyte. However, in control group lanthanum, nitrate was only found in the testicle sertoli cells between seminiferous tubule and near seminiferous tubule wall. CONCLUSION EMP exposure could increase the permeability of BTB in the mice.

AIM To investigate the effects of exposure to ultra-wide band (UWB) on aerobic metabolism and the activity in the heart and the lung of rats. METHODS TBA colorimetric methods were used to determine the changes in SOD activity and the content of MDA in the heart and the lung of rats after the rats were exposed to a certain dose of UWB. RESULTS The results showed that, compared with control group, the activity of SOD in the heart was significantly reduced at 72 hours after the rats were exposed to 100k pulses (P

The changes of erythrocyte chemo-luminescence intensity induced by H2O2 in mice exposed to the different field intensity of nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) are examined. Using chemo-luminescence induced by H2O2 to investigate the changes of luminescence intensity of the erythrocyte in mice under the EMP radiation. The higher the concentration of H2O2 , the greater the luminescence intensity of erythrocyte in mice (P

This paper observe mice polydactylia induced by EMP and related genes expressions (GliS5 Shh and Fgf4) during the development of mice limbs. Mature female mice were mated overnight with male mice (2:1). The morning on which a vaginal plug was found was designated as fetation-day-0. The pregnant mice were randomly divided into control group and EMP radiation group. Mice in the EMP radiation group were exposed to EMP from fetation-day-7 to fetation-day-10. The field intensity was 400 kVmiddotm-1 with 400 pulses. On the fetation-day-18, the embryos were taken out by cesarean section. The polydactylia were recorded. Morphological analysis of polydactylia was performed by using Alcian blue-Alizarin red staining method. The pregnant mice were randomly divided into negative control group, positive control group and EMP radiation group. Mice in the EMP radiation group were exposed to EMP from fetation-day-7 to fetation-day-10. The field intensity was 400 kVmiddotm-1 with 400 pulses. Mice in the positive control group were injected with 300 mgmiddotkg-1 of BrdU on the fetation-day-9 and fetation-day-10 days. On fetation-day-11, the embryos were taken out by cesarean section. The expressions of Gli3 Shh and Fgf4 were detected by Whole-mount in situ hybridization. This subject was supported by National Natural Science Fund (No. 60471032). Morphological analysis indicated that the polydactylia rate of the EMP radiation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P

To investigate the effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) of rat myocardium in cellular signal transduction. Methods: EMP generator (40 kV·m-1, 50 pulses, interphase at 2 min) was used to expose the SD rats to EMP; radiotracing method was used to determine the activity of protein kinase C and protein kinase A in myocardial tissues. Results: At 12h after the exposure, compared with normal control group, myocardial cytoplasm PKA activity of the EMP group was found to have significantly increased (P

To evaluate the possible effects of EMP on blood system, blood samples and bone marrow cells of male BALB/c mice were collected for hematology determinations , CFU-GM colony assay, [Ca2+]i assessment and cell cycle measurement. Our results indicate that EMP can affect some parameters of blood system

To study the effects of the electromagnetic pulses (EMP) on the electrical activity of the brain, chronic electrode implantation techniques were developed to record the multichannel EEG signals, and the approximate entropy was applied to study the changes in EEG after the rats were exposed to EMP. Sixteen rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, EMP group and sham exposure group. EEG was recorded before and after EMP exposures repeatedly. ApEn was then calculated to evaluate the effects of EMP on EEG. The results showed that: (1) the ApEn of the normal EEG ranged between 0.30 and 0.71, and ApEn in different brain areas of the normal rats was not symmetrically distributed; (2) after the exposure, ApEn of the EEG in the exposed rats were significantly increased (P

There exist document reports on the interaction of electromagnetic waves (EMW) with a variety of biological systems. A specific area of concern in this region is the identification of window effects of EMW on biology. The window effects are defined as a biological response that occurs only under specific, dispersive and narrow frequency/intensity regions of EMW; outside these regions the biological response is moderated or eliminated. Our research is focused on finding the effects of extremely low frequency EMW on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue.