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The absorbed laser energy of a femtosecond laser pulse in a transparent material induces a warm dense matter region which relaxation may lead to structural modifications in the surrounding cold matter. The modeling of the thermo-elasto-plastic material response is addressed to predict such modifications. It has been developed in a 2D plane geometry and implemented in a hydrodynamic lagrangian code. The particular case of a tightly focused laser beam in the bulk of fused silica is considered as a first application of the proposed general model. It is shown that the warm dense matter relaxation, influenced by the elasto-plastic behavior of the surrounding cold matter, generates both a strong shock and rarefaction waves. Permanent deformations appear in the surrounding solid matter if the induced stress becomes larger than the yield strength. This interaction results in the formation of a sub-micrometric cavity surrounded by an overdense area. This approach also allows one to predict regions where cracks may form. The present modeling can be used to design nano-structures induced by short laser pulses.

Newspapers are documents made of news item and informative articles. They are not meant to be red iteratively: the reader can pick his items in any order he fancies. Ignoring this structural property, most digitized newspaper archives only offer access by issue or at best by page to their content. We have built a digitization workflow that automatically extracts newspaper articles from images, which allows indexing and retrieval of information at the article level. Our back-end system extracts the logical structure of the page to produce the informative units: the articles. Each image is labelled at the pixel level, through a machine learning based method, then the page logical structure is constructed up from there by the detection of structuring entities such as horizontal and vertical separators, titles and text lines. This logical structure is stored in a METS wrapper associated to the ALTO file produced by the system including the OCRed text. Our front-end system provides a web high definition visualisation of images, textual indexing and retrieval facilities, searching and reading at the article level. Articles transcriptions can be collaboratively corrected, which as a consequence allows for better indexing. We are currently testing our system on the archives of the Journal de Rouen, one of France eldest local newspaper. These 250 years of publication amount to 300 000 pages of very variable image quality and layout complexity. Test year 1808 can be consulted at plair.univ-rouen.fr., Comment: ACM Document Engineering, France (2012)

In the article [GS96], Gillet and Soul\'e define a weight complex on the category of Voevodsky motives over a field of characteristic 0. In [Bon07], Bondarko generalizes this construction for any f-category with a bounded weight structure, as is the case for Beilinson motives (following Cisinski-D\'eglise ; [CD09]). The first purpose of this note is to generalize [GS96, thm. 2] in the world of Beilinson motives. This done, we will naturally be led to define the motivic Euler characteristic dual to that considered by Bondarko in [Bon10]. This fact will motivate the second line of this note : proving that the duality operation exchanges the weight as is the case for t-structure ([BBD, 5.1.14.(iii)]). ----- Dans l'article [GS96], Gillet et Soul\'e d\'efinissent un complexe de poids sur la cat\'egorie des motifs de Voevodsky d\'efinie sur un corps de caract\'eristique 0. Dans [Bon07], Bondarko g\'en\'eralise cette construction pour toute f-cat\'egorie munie d'une structure de poids born\'ee, comme c'est le cas pour les motifs de Beilinson (suivant Cisinski-D\'eglise ; [CD09]). Le premier but de cette note est de g\'en\'eraliser [GS96, thm. 2] dans le monde des motifs de Beilinson. Ceci fait, on sera naturellement amen\'e \`a d\'efinir la caract\'eristique d'Euler motivique duale \`a celle consid\'er\'ee par Bondarko dans [Bon10]. Ce fait motivera le second axe de cette note : prouver que l'op\'eration de dualit\'e \'echange les poids comme c'est le cas pour les t-structures ([BBD, 5.1.14.(iii)])., Comment: 17 pages, en fran\c{c}ais

In [Bon07], Bondarko defines and studies the notion of weight structure and he shows that there exist a weight structure over the category of Voevodsky motives with rationals coefficients (over a field of characteristic 0). In this paper we extend this weight structure to the category of Beilinson motives (for any scheme of finite type over a base scheme which is excelent of dimension at most two) introduced and studied by Cisinsky-D\'eglise. ----- Dans [Bon07], Bondarko d\'efinit et \'etudie la notion de structure de poids et il montre qu'il existe une structure de poids sur la cat\'egorie des motifs de Voevodsky \`a coefficients rationnels (sur un corps de caract\'eristique 0). Dans cet article nous \'etendons cette structure de poids \`a la cat\'egorie des motifs de Beilinson (pour un sch\'ema de type fini sur un sch\'ema de base qui est excellent de dimension au plus deux) introduite et \'etudi\'ee par Cisinsky-D\'eglise ([CD09])., Comment: 15 pages, en fran\c{c}ais. v2 = v1 + corrections + mise en forme + "cas infini" ; v3 = v2 + simplification du th\'eor\`eme principale via le lemme de Chow motivique