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Taxonomic and distributional information need to be constantly updated as federal, state, and local agencies continue to use aquatic macroinvertebrates as biological indicators of water quality. While processing benthic macroinvertebrate samples provided by federal and state agencies, production taxonomists at EcoAnalysts, Inc. encountered larvae and pupae of the Neotropical chironomid Oliveiriella Wiedenbrug and Fittkau (Orthocladiinae) and Onconeura semifimbriata (Saether) (Orthocladiinae) from sites in New Mexico and Arizona, USA. These occurrences represent the first Nearctic records of Oliveiriella, establishing a New World distribution, and expand the Nearctic range of Onconeura semifimbriata. We also identified larvae of Tempisquitoneura merrillorum Epler (Orthocladiinae) from 1 site in Nevada, 1 site in Utah, and 6 sites in Arizona, USA. These records expand the Nearctic range for T. merrillorum. These genera are very similar in appearance to other commonly encountered Orthocladiinae gene...

In all application fields for hot rolled strip products for direct processing, e.g. construction and engineering but also crane and truck industry, there is a strong customers demand for grades with increased strength levels and well balanced formability. At voestalpine Stahl GmbH these requirements were met with the development of the high strength microalloyed steel grade ALFORM700M and the ultra high strength steel grade ALFORM900M with a minimum yield strength (YS) of 700 MPa and 900 MPa, respectively. In the present paper investigations on the steel grades ALFORM700M and ALFORM900M are introduced. To explain the evolution of the obtained complex microstructures consisting of bainitic ferrite, bainite and martensite alloy design and industrial production process is discussed on the base of dilatometric experiments and TEM investigations. The formation of precipitates is studied by using a numerical model, chemical methods and mechanical testing after heat treatment. Mechanical and mechanic-technological properties of the two steel grades are compared. Furthermore, some processing aspects as weldability an bending behaviour are highlighted. Finally, some typical applications for this high and ultra high strength steel grades are presented.

The outcrossing allotetraploid herb, Microseris lanceolata, was once abundant and widespread in grasslands and grassy woodlands of southern Australia. Since European settlement, agricultural activities have fragmented its once relatively continuous populations, leaving only small, isolated remnants throughout much of its range. We used allozyme electrophoresis to study the effects of fragmentation on patterns of genetic variation in 16 M. lanceolata populations. Despite its extremely reduced abundance, patterns of genetic variation in M. lanceolata still largely resemble those of a widespread and abundant species. Allele richness (mean = 7.1 alleles per locus set) and total gene diversity ( Ht = 0.371) were high, compared with widespread diploid plant species. This may result partly from tetraploidy in this species. Populations themselves were highly variable, with an average gene diversity within populations ( Hs ) of 0.362 and allele richness of 4.2 alleles per locus set. Detectable differentiation between populations was low ( GST = 2.7%), but there were differences due to rare alleles. One difference between M. lanceolata and other widespread plant species was a high proportion of alleles classed as rare (0.75). Genetic diversity in M. lanceolata populations (ranging in size from 87 to 140,000 individuals) was analyzed in relation to population size, area, and latitude. Relationships between population size and allele richness were difficult to interpret owing to correlations with latitude. Five of eight populations with less than 3000 individuals had notably fewer alleles per locus set than larger populations, while three had as many or more. Individual diversity, as indicated by mean number of alleles per individual, observed uniformity, and other measures, was significantly lower in small populations. Thus, the data indicated that small populations (

Background and objectives: The very sensitive solid-phase antiglobulin test is used widely in blood group serology. However, a disadvantage of the test is the sedimentation variabil

To compare the efficacy of massed vs. spaced group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (PD).Thirty-nine PD patients were randomly assigned to massed group CBT (daily 4-h sessions in week 1, two 2-h sessions in week 2 and one 2-h session in week 3) or traditional spaced weekly group CBT (13 consecutive, weekly 2-h sessions). The content and number of hours in the two treatment schedules were identical. Outcome was assessed after treatment, and at 3, 6 and 18 months of follow-up.Both treatment groups achieved significant improvement on all measures with large pre- to post-treatment and pre-treatment to follow-up effect sizes. No between-group differences were registered. Adherence and patient satisfaction did not differ between groups.The massed, 3-week group CBT schedule proved to be effective and feasible for PD patients with outcomes comparable with that of standard, spaced group CBT.

Es wird die Reaktion des Aluminiumoxidhydroxids Bohmit mit Salpete saure in Abhangigkeit von der Temperatur und dem molaren Verhaltnis HNO3/Al2O3 untersucht. Die Saureeinwirkung fuhrt zur Bildung basischer Aluminiumnitrate, die die rheologischen Eigenschaften des Bohmithydrogels infolge Redispergierung bzw. Desaggregation bis zu dessen „Verflussigung” zum Bohmithydrosol verandern. Fur die Abhangigkeit der Fliesgeschwindigkeit des Bohmit-hydrosols vom molaren Verhaltnis HNO3/Al2O3 ist eine Maximumbeziehung charakteristisch. Sie ist aus kolloidchemischer Sicht interpretierbar und ein technisch relevanter Indikator fur die Optimierung der Peptisationsbedingungen. Die Porenstruktur des Aluminiumoxids kann uber die Peptisationsbedingungen des Bohmithydrogels gezielt variiert werden.

BACKGROUND: Current agglutination tests and solid-phase adherence methods, employed as the techniques for RBC typing and antibody screening, require centrifugation and washing steps. This report describes a novel agglutination method for forward and reverse grouping that is based on the formation of an RBC monolayer on a microplate without the need for centrifugation and washing. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a comparative study, 2225 samples from healthy regular blood donors were tested for ABO, Rh (D, C, c, E, and e), K, and reverse grouping, in parallel, by the new microplate agglutination method and a commercially available blood testing system, which served as a reference method. RESULTS: In the case of forward grouping, 0.37 percent of samples tested were false negative in the new method and 1.35 percent tested false negative in the reference blood testing system. In addition, the reverse grouping reference method showed 0.4 percent false-positive and 2.6 percent false-negative results. In contrast, the new method gave false-positive results in only 0.09 percent and false-negative results in 0.67 percent of the cases tested. CONCLUSION: These results, as well as the possibility of adapting this method to a fully automated system, suggest that our novel agglutination method could be an important contribution to the field of immunohematology.

The very sensitive solid-phase antiglobulin test is used widely in blood group serology. However, a disadvantage of the test is the sedimentation variability of indicator cells during centrifugation, which causes errors in the photometric evaluation.To solve this problem a technique was developed which depends on the 'length measurement of the absorption curve' of the sedimented indicator cells.9,075 sera were tested for the presence of alloantibodies on the basis of the visual type of measurement and the newly developed technique. The agreement between the two evaluation systems was 99.94%. No false-negative results were observed.The new method allows the complete automation of the solid-phase antiglobulin test, enabling the analysis and evaluation of the solid-phase microtiter plate assay to be more discriminating and safe.

BACKGROUND: The passive latex agglutination test is commonly used for the identification of cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM antibodies. This test is used because of its sensitivity, specificity, speed, and ease of performance, but it is unsuitable for large numbers of samples or for batch processing. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To solve this problem, comparative studies to assess the cytomegalovirus passive latex agglutination test on microtiter plates were done with a new photometric particle agglutination method (PPAM) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a control. RESULTS: A total of 3430 sera were tested using both the PPAM and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A high degree (97.6%) of correspondence between the results of the tests was observed. The new PPAM was easier and faster to use (96 wells in 25 min). CONCLUSION: These results, as well as the possibility of adapting this method to a fully automated system, suggest that the PPAM could be an important contribution to the field of infection serology.

Crop breeding relies on the continual assessment and utilisation of new genes. Very often genes of particular utility can be identified in species related to the crop. Frequently, sexual crosses can be made to such related species, albeit with the application of embryo rescue techniques. However upon examination of subsequent generations from the initial hybrid the useful gene often continues to assort with the intact alien chromosome. In other words no meiotic recombination is occurring between the chromosomes of the crop and alien genomes. Almost without exception it is agronomically unacceptable to release a new variety carrying one or more whole alien chromosome. Thus, despite the prospect of successful sexual crosses to the alien species, in such a case the nuclear genes cannot be deployed for the crop’s improvement.

Pt γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts treated in oxygen between 100 and 600 °C and in hydrogen at 500 °C were studied by uv-vis reflectance spectroscopy. The formation of different oxidized Pt surface species previously indicated by TPR studies [H. Lieske, G. Lietz, H. Spindler, and J. Volter, J. Catal. 81, 8 (1983)] was confirmed by characteristic uv-vis spectra. The results are used as the basis for a model describing the types of surface reactions and details of the platinum surface species formed in oxygen and in hydrogen, and for a model of the sintering in oxygen. The amount of soluble platinum was found to correspond with the amount of highly dispersed platinum. Hence, only surface platinum atoms are soluble.

The total oxidation of n-heptane in oxygen and in air on Pt Al 2 O 3 has been studied with respect to pretreatment and reaction conditions. Calcination of the samples between 500 and 900 °C does not decrease the activity, although the dispersion is dramatically diminished. Added chloride mainly deactivates dispersed samples. The catalysts are more active in air than in oxygen. Under certain conditions a pronounced oscillatory behavior of the oxidation is observed. The results can be explained by a dual-site model: active metallic Pt competes in the combustion with the less active oxidic surface complex [PtIV]s.

Using the methods of calorimetric and isosteric measurements of the ammonia adsorption, it is found that the lower limit of the heat of chemisorption in H-Y- and H-ZSM-5-zeolites is 60 kJ/mol. Dealumination of the Y- and ZSM-5-zeolites changes the total number of the acid sites as well as the strength and the strength distribution of the Bronsted sites. Within a margin of error of ± 10 %, there is a coincidence of the number of measured and calculated Bronsted sites (from the Al-content of the frame-work) in H-Y- zeolites.

Pt γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts with and without chloride were treated at different temperatures in oxygen or hydrogen and were studied by temperature-programmed reduction and by hydrogen adsorption. Two surface oxides, α- and β-[PtO2]s, and two chloride-containing surface complexes, [PtIV(OH)xCly]s and [PtIVOxCly]s, could be found and a comprehensive scheme of surface reactions is proposed. Redispersion of Pt in oxygen is possible only in the presence of chloride and is connected with the formation of [PtIVOxCly]s. A model for the redispersion is proposed.

Die Metalldispersitat von 0,5% PdAl2O3-, 0,5% PtAl2O3- und 1,5% PtAl2O3-Katalysatoren wurde mit Hilfe de Rontgenkleinwinkelstreuung untersucht. Unter Verwendung einer nach dem Kratky-Prinzip arbeitenden Kamera wurden die Differenzstreukurven Katalysator-Tonerdetrager ermittelt und aus diesen unter Voraussetzung globularer Metallpartikeln und Abwesenheit interpartikularer Streuung mit Hilfe der Guinierschen Naherung die Guinier-Radien RG errechnet. Wahrend bei der Pd-Katalysatorprobe stets positive Differenz-streukurven gemessen wurden, nahmen diese bei den Pt-Katalysatoren ab Streuwinkeln >0,022 rad negative Werte an. Deshalb konnte nur fur die 0,5% PdAl2O3-Probe die Porodsche Invariante und der Porod-Radius RP bestimmt werden. Aus RG und RP wurden die Parameter fur eine zwei- und eine einparametrige Verteilung abgeleitet. Ein Vergleich der erhaltenen Ergebnisse mit Werten aus Rontgenweitwinkelmessungen ergab befriedigende Ubereinstimmung. On the Dispersion of Metals in Supported Catalysts. II. Small Angle X-ray Investigation. on Platinum/Alumina and Palladium/Alumina Catalysts The metal dispersion in 0.5% Pd/A12O3. 0.5°% Pt/Al2O3 abd 1.5% Pt/Al2O3 catalysts was investigated by small angle X-ray scattering, Using a Kratky camera the difference scattering curves catalyst-carrier were evaluated. The assumption was made that the scattering centres are globular and that there is no interparticular scattering. From the Guinier approximation the Guinier radii RG of the metal particles were determined. With the Pd catalyst always positive difference scattering curves were found, whereas negative values were found with the Pt catalysts at a scattering angle greater than 0.022 rad. Therefore only for the sample with 0.5% Pd the Porod invariant and the Porod radius RP could be determined. From RG and RP the parameters of a two- and of a one-parametric distribution were calculated. The results are in good agreement with data from wide angle X-ray diffraction measurements.

Es werden Verfahren angegeben, welche die Sehnenlangenverteilung — bzw. bei kugelformigen Teilchen auch die Durchmesserverteilung — von Metallkristalliten in Tragerkatalysatoren ohne Differentiation direkt als Transformation von Funktionen zu berechnen gestatten, die unmittelbar aus den Intensitaten von Rontgenweitwinkelinterferenzen abgeleitet werden. Es wird gezeigt, das zur Beschreibung des Kristallwachstums das erste Moment der Sehnenlangenverteilung geeignet ist. Fur das Wachstum von Platinkristallitenin PtAl2O3-Katalysatoren wurde in inerter Atmosphare ein Zeitgesetz 2. und in oxydierender Atmosphare ein Zeitgesetz 4. Ordnung gefunden. Procedures are stated for the determination of the chord and the diameter distributions of metal crystallites in supported catalysts without differentiation directly as transformation of functions immediately derived from the intensities of wide angle X-ray interference lines. It is shown that the growth of the metallic crystallites can be described by means of the moments of the chord distribution. A kinetic equation of the second order was found for the growth of platinum on alumina in inert atmosphere and of the fourth order in oxidizing atmosphere.

Es wird uber die Fotoreduktion des Bis(dmch)-kupfer(II)-Komplexes (dmch = 3,3′-Dimethylen-4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-dichinolyl) in alkoholischen Losungen berichtet. Die Quantenausbeute wurde in Abhangigkeit von der Wellenlange des eingestrahlten Lichtes, dem Losungsmittel- und Anioneneinflus, sowie der Temperatur und der Koordinationssphare des Kupferatoms bestimmt. Als fotoaktive Spezies wird der Komplex [Cu(dmch)2OR]+ mit einem koordinierten Alkoholat- bzw. Hydroxylion postuliert. Studies on Metal Chelates with Cuproine and Ferroine Type Ligands. XIII. Photoreduction of the Complex Bis(3,3′-dimethylen-4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-diquinolyl) copper(II) The photoinduced reduction of the complex bis(dmch) copper(II) in alcoholic solutions is reported. The quantum yield was determined in dependence on wavelength of the incident light, the influence of solvens, anions, temperature, and coordination sphere of the copper atom. As photoactive species is postulated the complex [Cu(dmch2OR]+) with a coordinated alcoholate or hydroxyl ion.

Die Metalldispersitat in Platin-Tonerde-Katalysatoren wurde durch Rontgenbeugung und durch O2H2-Titration bestimmt. Die beiden Methoden werden diskutiert und die erhaltenen Ergebnisse kritisch miteinander verglichen. Aus den Rontgenbeugungsmessungen konnte die mittlere Grose der Platinkristallite bis herunter zu 20 A und die Menge des kristallinen und des amorphen Platins bestimmt werden. Die O2H2-Titration lieferte die Zahl der Pt-Oberflachenatome und die zugangliche Platinoberflache. Aus den Rontgendaten lassen sich Pt-Oberflachen ausrechnen. Bei kleinen Pt-Konzentrationen und hoher Metalldispersitat stimmen rontgenographisch und durch Chemisorption ermittelte Platinoberflachen gut uberein. Auftretende Differenzen beruhen vor allem auf der Abdeckung der Pt-Kristallite durch Tonerde. Die durch die Kombination beider Methoden erzielten Ergebnisse werden an frisch reduzierten und katalytisch getesteten Katalysatoren gezeigt. On the dispersity of platinum in platinum/alumina catalysts. 1. Determination of the platinum dispersity by X-ray diffraction and oxygen-hydrogen titration. The metal dispersion in platinum-alumina catalysts was determined by X-ray diffraction and O2H2-titration. The physico-chemical assumptions of both methods are discussed and the results are critically compared. From the X-ray measurements, the average size of the platinum crystallites was determined down to 20 A and also the amount of both the crystalline and X-ray amorphous platinum. By O2H2-titration the number of superficial Pt atoms and, by assumption of a defined area per Pt atom, the accessible Pt surface area was estimated. The Pt surface areas were also calculated from X-ray data. With small Pt concentrations and high Pt dispersion, the values obtained by both methods agree reasonably. Occurring differences are caused especially by the coverage of platinum crystallites by the alumina. The increase of information, obtained through combination of the two methods, is demonstrated for freshly reduced and tested catalysts.

Kupfer(II)-Chelate der allgemeinen Formel Cu(N–N)SO4, wobei (N–N) = bipy, phen, bich, dmch und dmp2), wurden mit Hilfe der IR-, VIS- und ESR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Die aus diesen Ergebnissen abgeleitet en Strukturen werden angegeben. Fur die Chelate CubipySO4 · 2 H2O und CuphenSO4 · 2 H2O wurden die MO-Parameter berechnet. Stark kovalente out-of-plane-π-Bindungen, die typisch fur Chelate mit π-Akzeptor-Eigenschaften sind, wurden hierbei nachgewiesen. Studies on Metal Chelates with Cuproine and Ferroine Type Ligands. VI. Investigations on Structure and Bonding in Sulphato(cuproine) and Sulphato-(ferroine)copper(II) Chelates Copper(II) chelates of the general formula Cu(N–N)SO4, where (N–N) = bipy, phen, bich, dmch, and dmp2, were examined by means of the IR-, VIS-, and ESR-techniques. The structures derived from these results are given. For CubipySO4 · 2 H2O and CuphenSO4 · 2 H2O the MO-parameters were calculated. Strong covalent out-of-plane-π-bondings indicating π-acceptor properties of the ligands were found to be present.

Kupfer(II)-Chelate der allgemeinen Formel Cu(NN) (CH3COO)2, wobei (NN) = bipy, phen, dmch, bich und dmp, wurden mit Hilfe der IR-, VIS- und ESR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Fur die Ferroinchelate Cuphen(CH3COO)2 und Cubipy (CH3COO)2 wurden annahernd planare Strukturen, fur die Cuproinchelate dagegen verzerrt-tetraedrische Anordnungen der Liganden gefunden. Die MO-Parameter wurden abgeschatzt und diskutiert. Structure and Bonding of Diacetato-(cuproine) and Diacetato(ferroine) Copper(II) Chelates Copper(II) chelates of the general formula Cu(NN)(CH3COO)2, where (NN) = bipy, phen, dmch, bich, and dmp, were investigated by means of the IR, VIS, and ESR techniques. The ferroine type chelates Cuphen(CH3COO)2 and Cubipy(CH3COO)2 were found to have planar structures. For the cuproine type chelates the results are consistent with distorted tetrahedral structures. The MO parameters were estimated and discussed.

Es wird uber die IR-, Elektronen- und ESR-Spektren der Komplexe Nitrato-bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolin)-kupfer(II)-nitrat und Nitrato-bis-(3,3-dimethylen-4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-dichinolyl)-kupfer(II)-nitrat berichtet. Aus den Ergebnissen dieser Untersuchungen wird die cis-verzerrte bzw. gestreckte oktaedrische Struktur dieser Komplexe abgeleitet. Ausdrucke fur die Berechnung von MO-Koeffizienten aus den ESR-Parametern werden hergeleitet und bei der Berechnung der Bindungsparameter verwendet. Investigation of metal chelates with ligands of the cuproine and ferroine type. I. Structure and bonding parameters of nitrato-bis-(2.9-dimethyl-1.10-phenanthroline)copper(II)-nitrate and nitrato-bis(3.3′-dimethylene-4.4′-dimethyl-2.2′-biquinoline)copper(II)- nitrate The i.r., electronic, and e.s.r. spectra of the complexes nitrato-bis(2.9-dimethyl-1.10-phenanthroline)-copper(II)-nitrate and nitrato-bis(3.3′-dimethylene-4.4′-dimethyl-2.2′-biquinoline)-copper(II)- nitrate are reported. The structure of the complexes is deduced to be cis-distorted and elongated octahedral, respectively. Expressions for calculating MO coefficients from the e.s.r. parameters are derived and used to determine bonding parameters.

The wrist-palm conduction time for the median and ulnar nerves was determined using antidromic technique in thirty normal subjects. For the median nerve, the conduction time was 1.6 msec. to initial deflection from baseline and 1.7 msec. to peak of the initial negative deflection for the mean plus 2 SD. The median wrist-palm conduction time was then compared to the difference between the median and ulnar wrist-digit conduction times (mean plus 2 SD of 0.5 msec. measured either to initial deflection or peak negative deflection) in order to determine which technique aids more in the electrodiagnosis of patients with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome but which normal distal sensory latencies. It was found in ten patients that the results of these two electrodiagnostic methods paralleled each other, and neither appeared more sensitive than the other in establishing the diagnosis.

Analyzing the experimental measured data of the adsorption equilibrium of benzene on silicalite (using the techniques of isostere, isotherm and calorimetric measurements) it was found that none of the well-known simple isotherm equations were able to describe curves measured. Monte Carlo calculations showed that the adsorbed molecules prefered special locations in the different channel sections thus allowing to discriminate special adsorption sites and to find the dominating terms of the partition functions. Using equations of the cell theory it was possible to calculate the adsorption energies (and entropies) as well as the occupation probabilities of the individual adsorption sites and thus to derive a simple model of the pore filling.