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Background: Polytrauma is one of the leading mortality factors in younger patients, and in particular, the presence of cardiac damage correlates with a poor prognosis. Currently, troponin T is the gold standard, although troponin is limited as a biomarker. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers of cardiac damage early after trauma. Methods: Polytraumatized patients (ISS ≥ 16) were divided into two groups: those with cardiac damage (troponin T > 50 pg/mL, n = 37) and those without cardiac damage (troponin T < 12 pg/mL, n = 32) on admission to the hospital. Patients' plasma was collected in the emergency room 24 h after trauma, and plasma from healthy volunteers (n = 10) was sampled. The plasma was analyzed for the expression of HFABP, GDF-15 and uPAR proteins, as well as miR-21, miR-29, miR-34, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-133, miR-194, miR-204, and miR-155. Results were correlated with patients' outcomes. Results: HFABP, uPAR, and GDF-15 were increased in polytraumatized patients with cardiac damage (p < 0.001) with a need for catecholamines. HFABP was increased in non-survivors. Analysis of systemic miRNA concentrations showed a significant increase in miR-133 (p < 0.01) and miR-21 (p < 0.05) in patients with cardiac damage. Conclusion: All tested plasma proteins, miR-133, and miR-21 were found to reflect the cardiac damage in polytrauma patients. GDF-15 and HFABP were shown to strongly correlate with patients' outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigated the impact of vitamin K2 and selenium co-supplementation on metabolic profile and indicators of cardiovascular health in dyslipidemic rabbits. Fifty adult male rabbits were equally allocated into 5 groups: Control group, Dyslipidemic group: received 0.5% cholesterol in diet for 12 weeks, groups 3, 4 and 5 dyslipidemic rabbits daily treated with vitamin K2 (10 mg/kg bw) or/and selenium (1 mg/kg bw) for 8 weeks. Co-supplementation of vitamin K2 and selenium significantly decreased body weight gain and blood pressure elevation in dyslipidemic rabbits compared to un-treated ones. Consuming vitamin K2 plus selenium also markedly lowered serum lipids encompassing cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL and elevated HDL relative to placebo. Additionally, such co-supplementation reduced fasting glucose and insulin, enhancing insulin sensitivity with respect to placebo. Regarding cardiovascular risk markers, dyslipidemic rabbits received vitamin K2 concurrently with selenium displayed lower levels of atherogenic index (LDL/HDL), serum C-reactive protein, heart fatty acid-binding protein and asymmetric dimethylarginine as well as aortic ox-LDL, lipid peroxidation and calcium but higher levels of serum nitric oxide and aortic total antioxidants than un-treated ones. Concomitant administration of vitamin K2 and selenium improved metabolic profile, markers of cardiovascular health and atherosclerosis in dyslipidemic rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic challenge spreading enormously within a few months. COVID-19 is characterized by the over-activation of the immune system causing cytokine storm. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway can regulate the immune response via interaction with various implicated cytokines. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) has been shown to promote inflammation. Given the fact that coronavirus infections induce cytokines secretion leading to inflammatory lung injury, it has been suggested that H-FABP levels are affected by COVID-19 severity. Moreover, endotrophin (ETP), the cleavage product of collagen VI, may be an indicator of an overactive repair process and fibrosis, considering that viral infection may predispose or exacerbate existing respiratory conditions, including pulmonary fibrosis. This study aims to assess the prognostic capacity of circulating IGF-1, HFABP, and ETP, levels for COVID-19 severity progression in Egyptian patients. Methods The study cohort included 107 viral RNA-positive patients and an equivalent number of control individuals with no clinical signs of infection. Clinical assessments included profiling of CBC; serum iron; liver and kidney functions; inflammatory markers. Circulating levels of IGF-1; H-FABP, and ETP were estimated using the corresponding ELISA kits. Results No statistical difference in the body mass index was detected between the healthy and control groups, while the mean age of infected patients was significantly higher (P = 0.0162) than the control. Patients generally showed elevated levels of inflammatory markers including CRP and ESR concomitant with elevated serum ferritin; D dimer and procalcitonin levels, besides the COVID-19 characteristic lymphopenia and hypoxemia were also frequent. Logistic regression analysis revealed that oxygen saturation; serum IGF-1, and H-FABP can significantly predict the infection progression (P

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic challenge spreading enormously within a few months. COVID-19 is characterized by the over-activation of the immune system causing cytokine storm. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway can regulate the immune response via interaction with various implicated cytokines. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) has been shown to promote inflammation. Given the fact that coronavirus infections induce cytokines secretion leading to inflammatory lung injury, it has been suggested that H-FABP levels are affected by COVID-19 severity. Moreover, endotrophin (ETP), the cleavage product of collagen VI, may be an indicator of an overactive repair process and fibrosis, considering that viral infection may predispose or exacerbate existing respiratory conditions, including pulmonary fibrosis. This study aims to assess the prognostic capacity of circulating IGF-1, HFABP, and ETP, levels for COVID-19 severity progression in Egyptian patients. Methods: The study cohort included 107 viral RNA-positive patients and an equivalent number of control individuals with no clinical signs of infection. Clinical assessments included profiling of CBC; serum iron; liver and kidney functions; inflammatory markers. Circulating levels of IGF-1; H-FABP, and ETP were estimated using the corresponding ELISA kits. Results: No statistical difference in the body mass index was detected between the healthy and control groups, while the mean age of infected patients was significantly higher (P = 0.0162) than the control. Patients generally showed elevated levels of inflammatory markers including CRP and ESR concomitant with elevated serum ferritin; D dimer and procalcitonin levels, besides the COVID-19 characteristic lymphopenia and hypoxemia were also frequent. Logistic regression analysis revealed that oxygen saturation; serum IGF-1, and H-FABP can significantly predict the infection progression (P < 0.001 each). Both serum IGF-1 and H-FABP as well as O2 saturation showed remarkable prognostic potentials in terms of large AUC values, high sensitivity/specificity values, and wide confidence interval. The calculated threshold for severity prognosis was 25.5 ng/mL; 19.5 ng/mL, 94.5, % and for IGF-1, H-FABP, and O2 saturation; respectively. The calculated thresholds of serum IGF-1; H-FABP, and O2 saturation showed positive and negative value ranges of 79–91% and 72–97%; respectively, with 66–95%, 83–94% sensitivity, and specificity; respectively. Conclusion: The calculated cut-off values of serum IGF-1 and H-FABP represent a promising non-invasive prognostic tool that would facilitate the risk stratification in COVID-19 patients, and control the morbidity/mortality associated with progressive infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perturbation of lipid metabolism is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Heart fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP) is an adipokine playing an important role in lipid metabolism regulation. Materials and methods: Two datasets separately enrolled 303 and 197 participants. First, we examine the associations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HFABP levels with cognitive measures [including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDRSB), and the cognitive section of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale] and AD biomarkers (CSF amyloid beta and tau levels). Second, we examine the longitudinal associations of baseline CSF HFABP levels and the variability of HFABP with cognitive measures and AD biomarkers. Structural equation models explored the mediation effects of AD pathologies on cognition. Results: We found a significant relationship between CSF HFABP level and P-tau (dataset 1: b = 2.04, p < 0.001; dataset 2: b = 1.51, p < 0.001). We found significant associations of CSF HFABP with longitudinal cognitive measures (dataset 1: ADAS13, b = 0.09, p = 0.008; CDRSB, b = 0.10, p = 0.003; MMSE, b = 0.15, p < 0.001; dataset 2: ADAS13, b = 0.07, p = 0.004; CDRSB, b = 0.07, p = 0.005; MMSE, b = 0.09, p < 0.001) in longitudinal analysis. The variability of HFABP was associated with CSF P-tau (dataset 2: b = 3.62, p = 0.003). Structural equation modeling indicated that tau pathology mediated the relationship between HFABP and cognition. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that HFABP was significantly associated with longitudinal cognitive changes, which might be partially mediated by tau pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleus herds of Native Pigs (NP) at various locations in the Philippines implement a breeding program for food security and genetic conservation. The market niche of NP is lechon due to its unique fat composition. Genes associated with fat deposition and meat quality can be screened to identify individual NP carrying favorable alleles of these genes for selection to complement the breeding program. This study was conducted to determine the genotype and allele frequencies of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) marker of Heart Fatty Acid Binding Protein (HFABP) and Leptin Receptor (LEPR) genes and Mutagenically-Separated Polymerase Chain Reaction (MS-PCR) marker of Insulin-like Growth Factor2 (IGF2) gene. The HFABP gene has three RFLP markers hence, there are at most, 6 favorable alleles possible. Out of 543 screened individuals, 18.5%, 42% and 39.5% carry two (HL2), three (HL3) and four (HL4) favorable alleles, respectively. For LEPR, 38%, 45.6% and 16.1% were of AA (favorable), AB and BB genotypes. For IGF2-in7, the favorable genotype CC was 3.3% followed by 19.5% CG and 77.2% GG. Results suggest good potential for marbling and reduction in backfat depth through selection. The availability of genetic tests can hasten the identification of individuals carrying favorable genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial cell death occurs within hours following the onset of myocardial ischaemia and its chief cause is atherosclerosis. There is a link between vitamin D3 deficiency and many cardiovascular risk factors. This study compared the effect of vitamin D3 on early biomarkers of myocardial injury, to that of atorvastatin. Diabetic hyperlipidaemia was induced in Wistar rats, which were divided into 3 groups: diabetic hyperlipidaemic control, diabetic hyperlipidaemic rats treated with atorvastatin and diabetic hyperlipidaemic rats treated with vitamin D3. Blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin and lipid profile were evaluated. Markers of myocardial injury were examined including cardiac troponin, heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) and C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-pro-ET-1). Vitamin D3 and atorvastatin intake improved lipid profile and glucose homeostasis, and reduced levels of predictive biomarkers of myocardial injury. Vitamin D3 can be used in a suitable dose as a safe and protective candidate against myocardial injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Sepsis still represents a major health care challenge, with mortality rates exceeding 25% in the western world. To further improve outcomes in this patient collective, new cardiovascular biomarkers present a promising opportunity as they target the paramount prognostic processes in sepsis: inflammation and ischemia. However, in contrast to cardiovascular diseases, a detailed analysis of novel biomarkers in sepsis is still lacking. (2) Objective: In this project, we aimed to perform a comparative analysis of biomarker levels in ischemic cardiovascular disease and sepsis. Analyzed markers comprised soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2; hemodynamics and inflammation), growth-differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15; injury, remodelling), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR; inflammation and remodeling) and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP; myocardial ischemia). (3) Methods: In total, 311 patients were included in the study: 123 heart-failure (HF) patients, 60 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 53 sepsis patients. A total of 75 patients without coronary artery disease or signs of heart failure served as a control group. Plasma samples were analyzed by use of ELISA after informed consent. (4) Results: Patients with sepsis showed significantly increased plasma levels in all tested biomarkers compared to cardiovascular disease entities (sST2, suPAR, GDF-15: p < 0.001; H-FABP: compared to HF p < 0.001) and controls (sST2: 7.4-fold, suPAR: 3.4-fold, GDF-15: 6.5-fold and H-FABP: 15.3-fold increased plasma levels, p < 0.001). Moreover, in patients with sepsis, serum concentrations of sST2 and suPAR were significantly elevated in patients with HF and patients with STEMI (sST2: HF: 1.6-fold increase and STEMI: 2.5-fold increase, p < 0.001; suPAR: HF: 1.4-fold increase, p < 0.001 and STEMI: 1.4-fold increase, p < 0.01), whereas plasma levels of GDF-15 and H-FABP were markedly elevated in patients with STEMI only (GDF-15: 1.6-fold increase, H-FABP: 6.4-fold increase, p < 0.001). (5) Conclusions: All tested novel cardiac biomarkers showed significantly elevated levels in sepsis patients. Interestingly, a secretion pattern similar to STEMI was observed with regards to sST2 and HFABP. Thus, by providing an assessment tool especially covering the cardiovascular component of the disease, novel biomarkers offer a promising tool in sepsis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiac hypertrophy was accompanied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and due to the high global incidence and mortality of CVDs, it has become increasingly critical to characterize the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. We aimed to determine the metabolic roles of fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) on transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy.Methods and Results: Transverse aortic constriction or Ang II treatment markedly upregulated Fabp3 expression. Notably, Fabp3 ablation aggravated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Multi-omics analysis revealed that Fabp3-deficient hearts exhibited disrupted metabolic signatures characterized by increased glycolysis, toxic lipid accumulation, and compromised fatty acid oxidation and ATP production under hypertrophic stimuli. Mechanistically, FABP3 mediated metabolic reprogramming by directly interacting with PPARα, which prevented its degradation and synergistically modulated its transcriptional activity on Mlycd and Gck. Finally, treatment with the PPARα agonist, fenofibrate, rescued the pro-hypertrophic effects of Fabp3 deficiency.Conclusions: Collectively, these findings reveal the indispensable roles of the FABP3–PPARα axis on metabolic homeostasis and the development of hypertrophy, which sheds new light on the treatment of hypertrophy.

Modern clinical practice requires obligatory use of results of laboratory researches, international experience demonstrates the need of the clinic in laboratory information for making up to 70% of medical decisions. Described a large number of biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases, high diagnostic efficiency with sufficient level of evidence is shown not for all. In article the possibilities of a modern laboratory in determining markers of myocardium damage (troponins, hFABP), myocardial stress (natriuretic peptides) and neurohumoral regulation (copeptin), the diagnostic and predictive importance of these researches are considered.

Cardiac troponins (cTn) are currently the standard of care for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain (CP). However, their plasma kinetics necessitate a prolonged ED stay or overnight hospital admission, especially in those presenting early after CP onset. Moreover, ruling out ACS in low-risk patients requires prolonged ED observation or overnight hospital admission to allow serial measurements of c-Tn, adding cost. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is a novel marker of myocardial injury with putative advantages over cTn. Being present in abundance in the myocellular cytoplasm, it is released rapidly (<1 h) after the onset of myocardial injury and could potentially play an important role in both earlier diagnosis of high-risk patients presenting early after CP onset, as well as in risk-stratifying low-risk patients rapidly. Like cTn, H-FABP also has a potential role as a prognostic marker in other conditions where the myocardial injury occurs, such as acute congestive heart failure (CHF) and acute pulmonary embolism (PE). This review provides an overview of the evidence examining the role of H-FABP in early diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with CP and in non-ACS conditions associated with myocardial injury. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein is a biomarker that is elevated early in myocardial injury The routine use in the emergency department complements the use of troponins in ruling out acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting early with chest pain It also is useful in risk stratifying patients with other conditions such as heart failure and acute pulmonary embolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Myocardial infarction is one of the five major manifestations of coronary heart disease. Myoglobin heart markers, Isoenzyme Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) or Troponin T (cTnT), Heart type fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP) and NT-proBNPare currently used in assisting the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The study aimed to analyze the association of cardiac marker examination results of myoglobin, cTnI, HFABP and NT-proBNP with AMIoccurrence on examination I and examination II. Method: This study enrolled33 patients in Installation of Emergency Carewith suspected acute coronary syndrome, from March to August 2013. Serum samples were taken including cTnT, myoglobin, cTnI, HFABP and NT-proBNP. Then, it was further analyzed. Results: There was an association between myoglobin, cTnI, HFABP, and NT-proBNP with AMI events. Myoglobin and HFABP wereearly markers for the diagnosis of AMI, the mean levels of both markers was higher at the first examination (<1 hour admitted patients) when compared with 6 hours later after being tested. Essentially, the diagnostic value of both did not differ, only HFABP was more specific than myoglobin. Troponin I showed to be the best choice in the diagnosis of AMI because of the high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: An association between myoglobin, cTnI, HFABP, and NT-proBNP with AMI events was found. Myoglobin, cTnI, HFABP can be used in diagnosing AMI patients, whereas NT-proBNP is not recommended for the diagnosis of AMI due to its low specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selvihan Beysel,1,2 Muhammed Kizilgul,3 Mustafa Ozbek,4 Mustafa Caliskan,5 Seyfullah Kan,6 Mahmut Apaydin,7 Ozgur Ozcelik,8 Erman Cakal4 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Eskisehir State Hospital, Eskisehir, 2Department of Medical Biology, Baskent University, Ankara, 3Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kilis State Hospital, Kilis, 4Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, 5Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Düzce Ataturk State Hospital, Duzce, 6Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Denizli State Hospital, Denizlim, 7Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yozgat State Hospital, Yozgat, 8Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Igdir State Hospital, Igdir, Turkey Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reported to be higher in elderly diabetics. Serum heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) is a serum marker of myocardial ischemia. We aimed to investigate the association between serum H-FABP level and conventional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers and subclinical atherosclerosis in elderly diabetics without overt CVD. Patients and methods: A total of 50 elderly diabetic patients without overt CVD and 30 age-, sex- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, serum H-FABP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were measured. Logistic regression analyses (adjustments for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, BMI, blood pressure, lipid, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, hs-CRP and fibrinogen) were performed to evaluate the association between H-FABP and cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis indices. Results: Serum fibrinogen (421.50±85.52 mg/dL vs 319.17±30.77 mg/dL, p=0.023), CIMT (0.70±0.12 mm vs 0.59±0.06 mm, p

Early recognition of myocardial infarction (MI) remains a challenge, especially in patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation MI. Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (hFABP) has shown to be a more sensitive marker for myocardial necrosis as compared to non-high sensitive troponins (4th generation and older). However, since high sensitive troponin (hs TnT) assays are available, it is questionable whether hFABP still has value as a diagnostic tool for MI. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Cochrane. After selecting the articles, they were assessed for risk of bias according to the QUADAS-2 criteria. Negative predictive value, positive predictive value, sensitivity and specificity were extracted or calculated if possible. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, hs TnT showed higher sensitivity than hFABP, while hFABP had higher specificity. In patients presenting within 3 hours after onset of symptoms, sensitivity is low for both hFABP and hs TnT (19-63% vs 25-55%, respectively), while specificity seems higher for hFABP than for hs TnT (70-99% vs 57-86%, respectively). In these patients, the area under the curve for hs TnT is equal or better than that for hFABP (0.67-0.92 for hs TnT vs 0.69-0.85 for hFABP). The addition of hFABP to hs TnT did not improve sensitivity and specificity. This systematic review finds no advantage for using hFABP over hs TnT in either early presenting patients or overall. Furthermore, no advantage was found if a combination of hFABP and hs TnT was used for the diagnosis of MI.

Early recognition of myocardial infarction (MI) remains a challenge, especially in patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation MI. Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (hFABP) has shown to be a more sensitive marker for myocardial necrosis as compared to non-high sensitive troponins (4th generation and older). However, since high sensitive troponin (hs TnT) assays are available, it is questionable whether hFABP still has value as a diagnostic tool for MI. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Cochrane. After selecting the articles, they were assessed for risk of bias according to the QUADAS-2 criteria. Negative predictive value, positive predictive value, sensitivity and specificity were extracted or calculated if possible. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, hs TnT showed higher sensitivity than hFABP, while hFABP had higher specificity. In patients presenting within 3 hours after onset of symptoms, sensitivity is low for both hFABP and hs TnT (19-63% vs 25-55%, respectively), while specificity seems higher for hFABP than for hs TnT (70-99% vs 57-86%, respectively). In these patients, the area under the curve for hs TnT is equal or better than that for hFABP (0.67-0.92 for hs TnT vs 0.69-0.85 for hFABP). The addition of hFABP to hs TnT did not improve sensitivity and specificity. This systematic review finds no advantage for using hFABP over hs TnT in either early presenting patients or overall. Furthermore, no advantage was found if a combination of hFABP and hs TnT was used for the diagnosis of MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) with myocardial damage may lead to fatal complications in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Cytoplasmic heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP) and the N-terminal fragment of its prohormone (NT-proBNP) are sensitive and specific biomarkers of myocardial damage. We evaluated RVD and cardiac biomarkers for myocardial damage and short-term mortality in patients with acute PE. Methods: We analyzed 41 patients (24 females, 17 males) with confirmed acute PE prospective. Three groups (massive, submassive, and nonmassive) of patients were defined, based on systemic systolic blood pressure measured on admission and RVD by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Also, systolic (s) and mean (m) pulmonary artery pressures (PAPs) were recorded by TTE, and plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTn-T), NT-proBNP, and HFABP were evaluated 6 month follow-up. Results: Seventeen (41.5%) patients experienced a complicated clinical course in the 6-month follow-up for the combined end-point, including at least one of the following: death (n=12, 29.3%; 3 PE-related), chronic PE (n=4, 9.8%), pulmonary hypertension (n=2, 4.9%), and recurrent PE (n=1, 2.4%). Multivariate hazard ratio analysis revealed HFABP, NT-proBNP, and PAPs as the 6-month mortality predictors (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01- 1.05; HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.04; and HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.02-1.05, respectively). Conclusion: HFABP, NT-proBNP, and PAPs measured on admission may be useful for short-term risk stratification and in the prediction of 6-month PE-related mortality in patients with acute PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate diagnostic and long-term prognostic values of hFABP compared to NT-proBNP and troponin I (TnI) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) suspected of acute heart failure (AHF). Methods: 401 patients with acute dyspnea or peripheral edema, 122 suffering from AHF, were prospectively enrolled and followed up to 5 years. hFABP combined with NT-proBNP versus NT-proBNP alone was tested for AHF diagnosis. Prognostic value of hFABP versus TnI was evaluated in models predicting all-cause mortality (ACM) and AHF related rehospitalization (AHF-RH) at 1 and 5 years, including 11 conventional risk factors plus NT-proBNP. Results: Additional hFABP measurements improved diagnostic specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of sole NT-proBNP testing at the cutoff <300 ng/l to "rule out" AHF. Highest hFABP levels (4th quartile) were associated with increased ACM (hazard ratios (HR): 2.1-2.5; p = 0.04) and AHF-RH risk at 5 years (HR 2.8-8.3, p = 0.001). ACM was better characterized in prognostic models including TnI, whereas AHF-RH was better characterized in prognostic models including hFABP. Cox analyses revealed a 2 % increase of ACM risk and 3-7 % increase of AHF-RH risk at 5 years by each unit increase of hFABP of 10 ng/ml. Conclusions: Combining hFABP plus NT-proBNP (<300 ng/l) only improves diagnostic specificity and PPV to rule out AHF. hFABP may improve prognosis for long-term AHF-RH, whereas TnI may improve prognosis for ACM. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00143793. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is an early marker of myocardial ischemia even in the absence of frank necrosis. HFABP and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide had independent prognostic value in addition to troponin and showed good correlation with infarct size. Soluble ST2 is released as a respond of mechanical stress under condition of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. ST2 level showed weak correlation with neither NTproBNP. Elevated ST2 concentrations at admission in the setting of ACS are associated with higher creatine kinase concentrations, large infarct size, lower pre-discharge LVEF and predicts 30-days occurrence of heart failure or death after myocardial infarction. To analyze correlation between serum level of Heart Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein(HFABP) and Soluble ST2 on Acute Coronary Syndrome patient. This was a cross-sectional study in ICCU dr Soetomo Hospital. RELIA TM Immunoassay Diagnostic Instrument (SSJ-2) Kit was used to measured HFABP at admission and baseline soluble ST2 concentrations with Quantikine Human ST2/IL-1 R4 Immunoassay ELISA method. There were 34 subject, women and men and mean age was 55 years old. The mean HFABP at admission was 35,203 ng/mL. The mean of baseline soluble ST2 at admission was 33.114 ng/mL. There was strong correlation between concentration of HFABP at admision and baseline soluble ST2 at admission. There was strong correlation between concentrations of serum HFABP and baseline soluble ST2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) is expressed in the brain and is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with several forms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease with dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia (VaD), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. However, whether HFABP in CSF is a stable biomarker or if it can help predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD or VaD has not been well studied. To address the role of HFABP in neurodegeneration, we analyzed CSF levels of HFABP in 96 AD patients and 65 controls and also in 170 patients with MCI with an average follow up time of 5.7 years. For the stability analysis, two CSF samples were collected from 52 AD patients with a six month interval in between. HFABP levels in CSF were very stable over the six month period (r = 0.93, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the CSF levels of HFABP were significantly elevated in AD compared with controls after adjustments for age and gender (p < 0.001). They were also elevated in the patients with MCI that subsequently converted to AD or VaD compared with those that remained stable (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). However, ROC curve analysis showed that HFABP had lesser predictive value in determining conversion from MCI to AD and VaD than Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau. In conclusion, HFABP seems to be a stable CSF biomarker that reflects neuronal cell death in several neurodegenerative disorders, including early stages of AD and VaD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aims at investigating the association of systolic and diastolic eccentricity indexes with cardiac biomarkers in hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Methods: Thirty hemodynamically stable (systolic blood pressure >90 mmHg) patients with APE (17M, mean age 61.67±17.6 years) were included in this cross-sectional observational study. The associations of serum troponin I, D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and heart type fatty acid binding protein (hFABP) levels with systolic and diastolic eccentricity indices, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), myocardial performance index (MPI), systolic pulmonary artery pressure and the index of the inferior vena cava were investigated. The relationships between parameters were evaluated by Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis according to the distribution of data. Results: Correlation analysis revealed thatthe most significant relationship between cardiac biomarkers and echocardiographic measurements was in the BNP value. Meanwhile, systolic and diastolic eccentricity indexes were found to have significant correlation with serum troponin I (respectively r=0.470, p=0.009/r=0.310, p=0.095) and BNP (respectively r=0.402, p=0.028/r=0.384, p=0.036) values. On the other hand, elevated D-dimer levels led to statistical significance in none of the echocardiographic parameters. Conclusion: According to our results, hFABP was rarely positive in normotensive patients with APE. An elevated D-dimer alone was not significant in predicting RVD. Eccentricity indexes revealed significant relationship with BNP and troponin I values. The results obtained indicate that early echocardiographic evaluation is important in patients with abnormal cardiac biomarkers. (Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2013; 13:108-14) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of dialysis patients are major problems in this group of patients., Methods: The purpose of this study was also to evaluate whether any of the studied markers are better than troponin in early detection of the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias and prolongation of QT interval. This study included 45 patients undergoing hemodialysis. ECG Holter and echocardiographic examination were performed before and after dialysis. The concentrations of markers: copeptin, GDF-15, HFABP and troponin were measured with the use of ELISA tests., Results: We observed significantly higher QT (p=0.004), QTc (0.018), right atrium volume (p=0.006) and concentrations of copeptin (p<0.0001) and H-FABP (p<0.0001) as well as smaller left atrium volume (p<0.0001) and width of inferior vena cava (p<0.0001) after dialysis than before it. Significantly longer QT and higher copeptin levels were seen in patients with ventricular arrhythmia. A trend between the increase in copeptin concentration and H-FABP level and the presence of ventricular arrhythmias was also noted., Conclusion: Generally, we failed to find any strong predictor of post-dialysis ventricular arrhythmia or the prolongation of QT, however, it seems that copeptin may have prognostic value, but this has to be analyzed in large studies., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.)