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The formalism of generalized quantum histories allows a symmetrical treatment of space and time correlations, by taking different traces of the same history density matrix. In this framework, the characterization of spatial and temporal entanglement is revisited. An operative protocol is presented, to map a history state into the ket of a static composite system. It is demonstrated, by examples, how the Leggett–Garg and the temporal Clauser‐Horne‐Shimony‐Holt (CHSH) inequalities can be violated in this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Over the last two decades one of the main surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery was the insertion of non-absorbable mesh to restore continence and prolapse respectively. Over time complications arose including mesh-associated pain syndrome (MAPS), mesh exposure, mesh, erosion, chronic bladder/vaginal infections, and dyspareunia. Consequently, women chose surgical mesh removal to counter these problems. However, little is known about the demographics, medical co-morbidities, mesh types involved and the timing from mesh insertion to mesh removal. This retrospective study will look at which of these factors may be closely associated with mesh removal surgery. Design: Retrospective evaluation. Setting: Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) Clinic at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Population: All patients presenting to the FPMRS Clinic between June 2011 to December 2019, requesting mesh removal surgery with a history of MAPS and other mesh complications were included in this study. Methods: Patient demographics including age, ethnicity, obstetric history, and medical co-morbidities; type of mesh/anatomical route used; onset of symptoms; and time from insertion to removal were recorded. Main Outcome Measures: Determination of correlation coefficients between patient demographics, patient reported symptoms and mesh removal surgery. Results: Three hundred and forty-five women with a history of MAPS were included in the study. Women in the 40–60 year old cohort accounted for 54.4% of mesh removal surgery; 54.8% had a BMI under 30 and almost 90% were Caucasian. 96.5% had had children, with over 77% having had a vaginal delivery. 91.9% of patients reported other health conditions including 18.8% with a concomitant history of mental health problems and 15.4% with a history of heart disease. Over 80% of women undergoing mesh removal surgery had a continence mesh (49% retropubic and 32% obturator continence mesh) removed, whereas 20% had an abdominal prolapse and/or vaginal prolapse mesh removed. The average time from mesh insertion to mesh removal was seven years, with the prevalence of mesh removal surgery averaging 85% (range 50–100%) depending on the comorbidity determined. Conclusions: All women presented to the clinic with a history of MAPS and other comorbidities which may have influenced their decision to pursue mesh removal surgery. There were no specific predictors, other than chronic pain associated with mesh, determining which women underwent surgery, though those with continence mesh were more likely to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the use of artistic cartography in the training of future art teachers. Topics discussed include the origins and history of artistic cartography, experimental cartographic representation media in contemporary art and art education, implementation of mapmaking as an artistic experience in art education, walking art and artistic cartographic creations in the classroom, and social and cultural artistic cartography.

Tree growth and longevity trade-offs fundamentally shape the terrestrial carbon balance. Yet, we lack a unified understanding of how such trade-offs vary across the world's forests. By mapping life history traits for a wide range of species across the Americas, we reveal considerable variation in life expectancies from 10 centimeters in diameter (ranging from 1.3 to 3195 years) and show that the pace of life for trees can be accurately classified into four demographic functional types. We found emergent patterns in the strength of trade-offs between growth and longevity across a temperature gradient. Furthermore, we show that the diversity of life history traits varies predictably across forest biomes, giving rise to a positive relationship between trait diversity and productivity. Our pan-latitudinal assessment provides new insights into the demographic mechanisms that govern the carbon turnover rate across forest biomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involuntary Celibates (INCELs) are an increasing concern in academia and policing. Owing to the rise of internet sub-groups, understanding the developmental processes of INCELs is necessary to assist with investigations. The current research used a temporal method, Crime Script Analysis, to map the life histories of INCELs. Results indicated overlaps between INCELs and other forms of extremism and terrorism, while indicating developmental differences in terms of rejection and life histories. This research provides a new approach to understanding INCELs and forms the basis for future research using other temporal methods to better understand the life history of INCELs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planetary geologic maps are crucial tools for understanding the geological features and processes of solid bodies in the Solar System. Over the past six decades, best practices in planetary geologic mapping have emphasized clear and objective observation, geological interpretation, multi‐sensor fusion, and iterative revision of maps based on new data. We summarize here four ways in which maps serve as indispensable instruments for scientific investigation, from enhancing observations to interrogating surface processes. With respect to space exploration, we underscore the role of planetary geologic maps as tools to link testable, hypothesis‐driven science to exploration goals and provide actionable information for hazard identification, resource evaluation, sample collection, and potential infrastructure development. To further advance the field of planetary geologic mapping, international collaboration is essential. This includes sharing data and maps through FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) platforms, establishing standardized mapping practices, promoting diverse nomenclature, and fostering continued cooperation in space exploration. Plain Language Summary: We summarize why planetary geologic maps are important for science and space exploration. We review the history of these maps and present four ways in which planetary geologic maps contribute to scientific understanding. We further outline six ways in which maps help humanity plan and execute space missions productively and safely. These endeavors require international participation; thus, we end with a call for collaboration to train the next generation of mappers, develop maps for future missions, and use maps to communicate the significance of space exploration to everyone. Key Points: Planetary geologic maps are critical products that link science goals and objectives to space explorationMaps are also used to support safe and productive surface navigation and are imperative for crewed and robotic surface missionsInternational cooperation is essential to produce maps needed in the coming decade [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 1847, the head of the Budapest ballet was Federico Campilli (1820–1889), an individual of Italian origin. He regarded Viennese taste as authoritative in designing the program, thereby building on the international ballet repertoire. This repertoire included romantic pieces from Western Europe, along with Campilli's own choreographies. Campilli concluded his forty-year tenure in Budapest in 1887, and Cesare Smeraldi (1845–1924) assumed his position. The imperial city served as the model for shaping the ballet program, commencing its operations with the staging of Manzotti's spectacular Excelsior , which had premiered in Vienna two years earlier. This sensational performance, focused on the rise of human civilization and the development of technology, involved hundreds of actors and was destined for success throughout Europe. It ran for 29 years in Vienna and nine years in Budapest. In this study, an exploration of the driving forces behind this ballet success story with unconventional themes is undertaken. Various aspects are examined, such as the discourse of dance and the articulation of otherness in local and global spaces. The study delves into what technophile ballet entails, how cultural history, abstract concepts, discoveries, and inventions can be narrated through ballet. The thesis also highlights the debatable aspects of the ballet's music, utilizing music reviews from Budapest and Viennese newspapers. Through these reviews, an attempt is made to map the reception history of the ballet in Vienna and Budapest. The significance of Excelsior in the political power field within Hungarian conditions is also emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Themed Intervention consists of short papers written by nine plenary speakers at the 2024 Annual Conference of the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers plus a paper by the Society's Cartographic Collections Manager. In this introduction, I explain why I chose mapping as the conference Chair's theme. I give a sense of how the relationship between geography and mapping has been addressed through previous conference addresses and themes. I then explore three types of cartographic genealogies. The first shows how histories of cartography traditionally took the form of family trees. The second explores disjunctures between previous phases of cartography and brings us to current definitions of mapping. The third genealogy is that of previously subjugated forms of mapping knowledge and practice which are now defining features of the field (critical quantitative; empire, race, and Indigenous; counter‐; representational and more‐than‐representational). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maps are politically, socially, and culturally inflected objects that can communicate information and teach us about the time and society that shaped them. They are not only tools to serve present needs, but are also rich historical sources that require curation, conservation, and care. This historical legacy is well represented in the map collection of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG). The stewardship of these historical maps offers many challenges, but also an opportunity for education, for example on the complex history of empire, and collaboration, for example with artists. This paper highlights the varied work of the RGS in the preservation and promotion of its large collection of maps, charts, and globes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the eighteenth century, 'ship tracks', lines recording vessels' movements on charts, facilitated wayfinding, hydrographical surveys and territorial claims. During the long nineteenth century, however, their main function shifted from surveying of the marine environment to surveillance of officers' movements and actions. Using textual and cartographical sources produced by British naval officers, this article argues that geosurveillance and the continuous visual tracking of individuals with reference to mapping systems were developed at sea, long before the aerial and digital revolutions, and independently of panoptical models. In the nineteenth century, most cartographical tracking was disciplined self -tracking, actively performed by the surveilled themselves. This required their employers (notably the state) to emphasize honour, training, conscientiousness and procedure. The Admiralty used tracks for testing performance, verifying accounts, establishing responsibilities and co-ordinating movement. Monitoring individuals through their record was the natural inverse of a pattern discussed by historians of science: data verification through authorial 'credibility'. The two-way bond between the surveilled and their track was eventually broken in the twentieth century by technological innovations that allowed external and non-consensual geo-tracking. This changed the import of surveillance, discipline and the sea itself, no longer a space where human movement would be inevitably lost from sight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is abundant research on the use of concept maps in education. However, the most notable efforts have focused on learning outcomes as a consequence of individually constructed concept mapping for science concept learning. In the less explored field of history, some studies have found positive effects of collaborative concept mapping. However, student interaction has not been analyzed. This study employed quantitative and qualitative methods based on classroom discourse analysis to examine the extent to which students engage in historical reasoning and transactive interaction when they collaboratively complete a semiempty concept map, versus when they collaboratively write a summary, about 19th-century Western imperialism. The participants were 20 secondary education students from two history classes with an average age of 16 years. Within each class, the students were randomly assigned to the different conditions: collaborative concept mapping and collaborative summary writing. Student interaction was analyzed at two different levels: the content level and modes of co-construction. The results show that the students in the semiempty concept mapping condition engaged significantly more in causal explanation and argumentation and used more historical and metahistorical concepts in their reasoning than the students in the summary writing condition. Interaction in the semiempty concept mapping condition included a much higher percentage of utterances which denoted the convergence and integration of the knowledge contributed by the partners in the dyad. This kind of transactive interaction not only reflected co-construction but also historical reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate depiction of wildfire, harvesting, and insect outbreak disturbances is essential for sustainable ecosystem management of forests in Canada. Even though the advent of temporally consistent 30‐m resolution Landsat data has enabled the detailed mapping of forest disturbances in Canada from 1985 onward, the disturbance record prior to 1985 remains sparse. This study aimed to extend the existing pre‐1985 disturbance history record by mapping wildfire, harvest, and insect outbreaks in Canadian forests between 1965 and 1984. Our geospatial data processing methodology relied on multilayer perceptrons (MLP) trained on spectral recovery signatures to map and age these disturbances. Our model detected approximately 4.8, 7.3, and 3.8 million ha of burnt, harvested, and insect‐ravaged forest areas, respectively, that were absent from national and provincial disturbance databases and forest inventories. Results were validated using both internal and external validation datasets. Our disturbance detection methodology was highly effective, with an internal validation kappa score of 0.91 and an external score of 0.81. The fire and harvest age disturbance MLPs, whose predictions can also be used as a proxy of forest stand age, performed adequately on the internal (fire R2 = 0.675; root mean squared error [RMSE] = 4.42; harvest R2 = 0.723; RMSE = 3.17) and external validation datasets (fire R2 = 0.242; RMSE = 4.69; harvest R2 = 0.257; RMSE = 5.46), outperforming existing forest age disturbance products. Finally, we relied on several open data products, such as provincial forest inventories, to correct our disturbance type and year prediction whenever these more reliable, but incomplete, data sources were available. Specific years were not assigned to insect outbreaks due to the lack of dependable training and validation data. We also illustrate how extending the existing forest disturbance record by 20 years may provide a more in‐depth understanding of landscape‐disturbance dynamics with a case study of the 2023 Canadian wildfire season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven portolan charts and atlases (including the anonymous Rex Tholomeus chart) made between 1311 and 1538 were cartometrically analysed. The findings indicate that their geometry was not improved chronologically and that the accuracy of Pietro Vesconte's charts (1311–13) was never surpassed. Portolan charts and atlases appear to be mosaics composed of subsections, each with variable metrics and accuracy levels that are, on average, twice as great in comparison to their Mediterranean and Black Sea areas (as a whole), and it is highly unlikely that they are genuine late medieval products, which is also supported by historical evidence. Their anticlockwise tilts fit well with the tilt of the Gibraltar-Antioch line on modern maps that closely approximate Ptolemy I and Ptolemy II projections centred near Gibraltar and with their meridian tilts for areas around Genoa. If late medieval Italian cartographers had acquired a collection of maps or charts from before the Middle Ages, it is theoretically feasible that they could have achieved the typical geometry of portolan charts by graphically combining their manuscript copies of large-scale regional maps in Mercator or Mercator-like projection, using a small-scale map in conic or pseudoconic projection (on which the convergence of meridians is displayed) as a template. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is a review of the book "Thematic Cartography and Geovisualization, Fourth Edition" by Terry A. Slocum, Robert B. McMaster, Fritz C. Kessler, and Hugh H. Howard. The book covers the theory and practical applications of map design and the use of map elements, as well as the visualization and analysis of spatial data. It discusses advancements in cartography and geovisualization since the last edition, including topics such as volunteered geographic information, big data, cloud cartography, and story maps. The book is divided into three parts and includes chapters on thematic maps, historical perspectives on cartography, statistical and graphical foundations, data classification, scale and generalization, map projections, color principles, map elements, typography, and cartographic design. It also covers specific topics such as real estate suitability maps, choropleth mapping, dasymetric mapping, isarithmic mapping, proportional symbol mapping, dot mapping, cartograms, and flow mapping. The book includes a glossary and index, and the reviewer recommends it as required reading for GIS/cartographic programs. [Extracted from the article]

"Airline Maps: A Century of Art and Design" by Mark Ovenden and Maxwell Roberts explores the evolution of airline maps from 1919 to the present. The book primarily consists of maps, accompanied by brief contextual information, showcasing the changing design trends over time. While visually appealing, the authors provide limited historical context and the index and bibliography are also lacking. The book covers seven chapters, each representing a different time period, highlighting the advancements in air travel and the interplay between the airline industry and other forms of transportation. The authors acknowledge the problematic aspects of early airline maps, including imperialist and racist depictions. The inclusion of women in airline maps is also discussed, although sometimes in a negative and objectifying manner. As the century progressed, airline maps became more consistent in style, but the authors express a preference for older maps and are dismissive of more recent ones. The book concludes with a discussion of the reduced attention given to the later period of aviation. Overall, the book offers visual inspiration for those interested in the design of airline maps, but lacks historical context and comprehensive coverage. [Extracted from the article]

The heavily faulted Martian terrains of Ceraunius Fossae and Tractus Fossae, south of the Alba Mons volcano, have previously only been considered as parts of larger tectonic studies of Alba Mons, and consequently the complexity of the faulting remains unclear. As these terrains are in the midst of the large Tharsis volcanoes, the study of their surface deformation has the potential to help unravel the volcano‐tectonic deformation associated with the growth of Tharsis as well as to decipher details of the magma‐tectonic processes responsible for graben formation. Here, we distinguish between faults and collapse structures based on image and topographic evidence. We mapped ∼12,000 faults, which we grouped into three distinct fault groups based on orientation, morphology, and relative ages. These show a temporal evolution in the mapped fault orientations from NE to N‐S to NW with associated changes in stress orientations. We also mapped collapse features and categorized them into four different groups: pit‐crater chains, catenae, u‐shaped troughs and chasmata. Examining the four collapse structure groups reveals that they are likely four progressive stages in the erosional evolution of pit‐crater chains. Together, this revealed a structural history heavily influenced by lateral diking from both local (radial to Alba Mons, Pavonis Mons and Ascraeus Mons) and regional (radial to Tharsis) sources, and vertical diking from a proposed Ceraunius Fossae centered magma source. This, along with an updated crater size‐frequency distribution analysis of the unit ages, reveals a highly active tectonic and magmatic environment south of Alba Mons in the Middle Amazonian. Plain Language Summary: The large‐scale faults surrounding the dome of the Alba Mons volcano on Mars have been studied intensely, while the faulted area south of Alba Mons has received relatively little attention. Closer inspection of these southern terrains, namely Ceraunius Fossae and Tractus Fossae, reveals that this area is far more complex in structure and more recent in activity than previously thought. In this study, we mapped and measured all the faults in the study areas. In addition to the faults, the surface of the study area is covered in "collapse structures." These are circular to trough‐like features created when the surface material has fallen into a subsurface cavity. We mapped and characterized these faults and collapse structures, in order to determine the history of events and which geological process created them. We found three distinct extensional faulting events, and examples of four types of collapse structures. These events all took place within 2.4–1.4 billion years ago during the Amazonian period. Together, these results show that magmatic activity drove structure deformation, both from the surrounding Alba Mons, Ascraeus Mons and Pavonis Mons volcanoes, and also from a local large magmatic source situated directly underneath Ceraunius Fossae. Key Points: Three fault populations and four types of collapse features are mapped and analyzed in Ceraunius Fossae and Tractus FossaeWe present a four‐stage structural evolution of the area, with dike‐induced deformation being the prevalent processThe stages of activity in the study area all occurred during the Amazonian, with activity from a local magmatic source beneath Ceraunius Fossae [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GRID - Architecture, Planning & Design Journal is the property of GRID - Architecture, Planning & Design Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aims at mapping the history of the Czech version of the Household Budget Survey (HBS), i.e. Statistika rodinných účtů (SRÚ), and on the historical changes in its methodology. Statistika rodinných účtů is a survey focused mainly on private household expenditure in all the regions of the Czech Republic. The first official SRÚ survey was conducted in 1920 by the Statistical office of the former Czechoslovak Republic. This article offers a brief overview of the more than 100 years of the survey, which have been shaped significantly throughout the different eras it had underwent, both by the socio-political contexts and by the gradual technological progress. Last but not least, methodological changes which occurred in 2017 are discussed, as well as some important aspects of the present-day form of the survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Renaissance, Europeans began to mark sea journeys on maps and charts as lines or dotted lines—'ship tracks'. This new graphical depiction of voyages, which flanked and often replaced verbal itinerary descriptions, ultimately lies behind present-day route-marking devices, but it has not been much investigated by historians. Tracing its development between the sixteenth and the early nineteenth centuries, through cartographic sources, hydrographical manuals and voyage accounts, this article argues that ship tracks constituted a fundamental turning point in European understandings of human movement and influence in the world. In particular, the tracks of late eighteenth-century imperial explorers, built through novel accuracy claims, established a unique cognitive and ontological link between representation and reality and between human agency and the natural world, and explicitly embedded the perspectival subjectivity of storytelling into the alleged objectivity of 'scientific' geometrisations of the globe. As such, tracks are useful tools with which to understand and deconstruct the roots of 'modernity/coloniality'. They also reveal the extent to which maritime history holds important keys to the past: as a representational and directional device, the modern journey track owes much of its ancestry to confrontation with the liquid and supposedly 'pathless' sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the interplay between the political, social, and cultural context and the material conditions of governing a cartographic mission within a French territory in the northeastern Amazon. It brings to the fore the collaborative endeavors involving a spectrum of stakeholders, ranging from local knowledge to various institutions, financial and technical resources, and human and logistical support. This research aims to offer an understanding of the cartographic mission during the period of departmentalization, with a specific focus on the situated and context-specific nature of knowledge production. By scrutinizing the fieldwork and the distinct labor regimes of local members of the mission in AEF and French Guiana, along with investigating the intra-imperial circulation of epistemic practices, it examines the colonial integration of cartographers through their trajectories. In a broader context, the article underscores the pivotal role played by geographical knowledge, enriching the landscape of research on the history of cartography during the transformation of the French colonial empire. Employing an approach encompassing material and social dimensions, this study shows the intricacies inherent in colonial cartography and illuminates its implications in the post-World War II era. In doing so, it unlocks fresh avenues for comprehending the geographical and colonial dynamics that characterize this period. • Develops the history of mapping during decolonization by studying the fieldwork of geographers. • Focuses on circulation and hierarchization of European and vernacular geographical knowledge. • Compares labor regime and embodied work of go-betweens in French Guiana and AEF in 1946–1947. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the often overlooked history of the Jewish community in North Wales and the recent efforts to study and preserve their heritage. Academic works, exhibitions, guided walks, and mapping projects have been undertaken to raise awareness and understanding of Welsh-Jewish history. Bangor University is working to digitize Welsh Jewish heritage and create a comprehensive database of archival resources. Three new books have been published that provide valuable insights into the Welsh Jewish experience, including the experiences of Jewish refugees during World War II. These publications contribute to the growing study of Jewish history in Wales and lay the groundwork for future research. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Relaciones Internacionales (1699-3950) is the property of Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain, International Relations Studies Group (GERI) Law Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the political messaging present on the walls and street furniture of the city of Athens in the context of displacement, border crossing and asylum seeking. It engages with photographs of graffiti, posters, and stencils, taken by the authors between 2017 and 2022, to demonstrate how 'banal' artefacts tell stories of the changing relationship between the city and seekers of sanctuary. We examine what roles graffiti might play in creating and supporting emotional proximity between groups of city dwellers, whose paths might not necessarily cross. Taking inspiration from Tazzioli's notion of the 'ethnography of vanishing spaces' (Tazzioli 2020: 150) the article maps the memories and histories of transient lives in Athens and how changing political responses and narratives can be read on its walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the course of the eighteenth century, European maps of Africa became increasingly empty. Rivers and mountains, kingdoms and towns that had been mapped for centuries suddenly disappeared and were replaced by unmapped, blank spaces. Though historians have scrutinized the role of the blank spaces in creating and sustaining the perception of Africa’s interior as an unknown and unclaimed territory, the blanks themselves have long been understood as the bi-products of improved scientific standards. Geographers in the European Enlightenment, we have been told, cleared their maps of imaginary wonders, and drew a sharp line between the known and the unknown. This explanation for the continent’s unmapping is not, however, congruent with the empirical evidence. Though eighteenth-century geographers argued eloquently for the principled suppression of uncertain knowledge, they were no less at the mercy of conflicting reports than their predecessors had been. Leaving parts of a map blank to represent unexplored regions was similarly not their invention—it had long been a feature on maps of the New World. What was new about the blank spaces on eighteenth-century maps of Africa was not so much the blanks as such, as their application to a previously mapped part of the Old World.

We have a strong tendency to trust maps as accurate depictions of the world, and most early modern cartographers are content to enjoy that prima facie trust without raising questions about the trustworthiness of their sources. In this article I will examine several methods that cartographers used from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries of departing from this convention, and indicating to their viewers in a forthright manner which parts of their map they were certain about, and which they were uncertain about. Some of these methods include listing sites about whose location the cartographer is uncertain, using a different graphic style to depict unknown coastlines, using signs to distinguish between certain and uncertain regions, and surrendering to uncertainty and reprinting varying maps of the same region together. Determining what earlier scholars did not know, and how they dealt with that lack of knowledge, is an essential step in producing the history of knowledge.

This document discusses the importance of visual communication throughout human history and its role in shaping societies. It highlights the indigenous knowledge of mapmaking possessed by communities such as Native North Americans, Indigenous people of Papua New Guinea, and Eskimos. These communities are able to create detailed and accurate maps using natural materials. The document also explores the evolution of mapping techniques, particularly in the field of geovisualization, and the role of technology in enhancing map-making processes. It emphasizes the growing use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and geovisualization techniques in various scientific and technical fields. The document concludes by discussing the potential of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in advancing research in Earth Sciences. It also introduces a topical collection of articles focused on GIS mapping and geovisualization techniques in water research and practice, highlighting the importance of sustainable water resource management and its connection to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. [Extracted from the article]

The editorial in Polish Polar Research discusses the social relevance of polar research, highlighting the diverse scientific investigations involved, such as environmental studies, psychology, anthropology, and more. The text explores the motivations of individuals working in polar regions, the impact of personality traits on adaptation to extreme conditions, and the increasing participation of women in polar expeditions. It also emphasizes the educational value of polar research in engaging the public in discussions about climate change and natural environments. [Extracted from the article]

This paper provides a comprehensive description of preserved copper plates used for map printing in order to enrich the existing knowledge and, at the same time, contribute with new knowledge on the topic of the engraving of old maps. The dimensions, thickness, and weight of individual printing plates were measured. Qualitative indicators of the material were also examined. Printing plates originating from countries north of the Alps (former Czech lands) and from Mediterranean regions (Malta and Italy) are represented. For the purpose of the study, the term printing plate refers to a copperplate on which the engraving was made using the burin or line etching technique. These are some of the oldest reproduction techniques used for printing old maps. The period studied covers the 18th century, approximately. Studies dealing with a large set of printing plates and their classification are rather an exception (Hameleers 1989). The issue of the qualitative properties of printing plates has not yet been comprehensively addressed in the literature focusing on the history of cartography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 1874, a map of the dateline was published in HaTzfira, a Hebrew journal printed in Warsaw. This was, most likely, the first map published in a Hebrew journal, and the text accompanying the map acknowledges the cartographic ignorance of the readers. During the years 1862–1885, 76 articles used the word "map" or inserted a map to append the text. By evaluating the images as well as the texts, this article explores the changing roles maps played in the journal's visual and textual discourse, from a means to enlighten and educate the readers to yet another expression of the commodification and popularization of science. This is more than just a discussion about maps and map history, this is a discussion about journals, and their different functions in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical diagnostics is a pivotal bridge curriculum that receives much less attention from undergraduates in non-clinical medicine health profession programs with less student engagement and poor performance. Mind mapping is an active learning strategy for graphically presenting radiant thinking to culture clinical reasoning. The purpose of this study was to explore whether students' comprehensive diagnostic skills are enhanced through increased student engagement by employing mind mapping. Methods: We implemented mind mapping in small-grouped workshops with 86 junior undergraduates from preventive medicine program, for physical diagnostic sessions including physical examination (PE) maneuver, electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation and medical history collection. We also conducted assessments of the above skills, as well as online surveys regarding their expectation on this course, self-evaluation of mind mapping in teaching and the learning process of all the modules. Results: Group members employing mind mapping in all PE sessions obtained higher scores in the heart and lung systems during the PE maneuver exam. Similarly, groups that made more in-depth mind maps achieved higher scores on the ECG quiz. In addition, groups displaying mind maps for history taking from normal classes and reformed class exhibited greater completeness of medical history with both standardized patients and real patients, which was consistent with increased collection of accompanying symptoms. Mind mapping was valued by the majority of students for its benefits in terms of acquiring PE maneuver, theoretical knowledge, medical history collection and medical records writing, clinical reasoning, communication skills, sense of teamwork and cooperation, professionalism and humanistic literacy. Discussion: The visual feature of mind mapping evoked extensive behavioral engagement in all groups, as did cognitive and emotional engagement, as the majority of students expressed their willingness and affective reactions. In the short term, the positive feedbacks encourage growing engagement. The continuous benefits of mind mapping require long-term observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Great War of 1914-1918 marked important developments in the evolution of military cartography. While recent research has examined these developments in the context of the European belligerent armies, including those of the British, Italians, and Germans, little research has explored the mapmaking efforts of the American forces that participated in the closing months of the conflict. This paper examines how the Army- and Corps-level headquarters of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in France used tactical maps to visualize spatial information and control the operations of subordinate forces on the battlefield to better understand how these novel mapmaking processes developed. The research draws upon archival records—including the AEF's maps and official documents—to understand how the AEF acted as a cartographic system that collected, transmitted, mapped, and distributed spatial information. The research indicates that the AEF mapmakers learned from the cartographic techniques of the other allied armies to develop a form and language of cartography that was distinct to the American army in France. These results reinforce the conclusions of other scholars that have argued that the Great War marks an important point in the evolution of military cartography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Military Survey of Scotland (1747-1755) was an influential document in the history of cartography. Commissioned in response to the last Jacobite Rebellion (1745-1746), it systemized cartography in the United Kingdom and across the British Empire. Researched from primary sources and existing literature, this paper emphasizes the importance of the survey in increasing the number of surveys and maps produced in the British Empire, creating a "family" of maps in places as distant as Ireland, British North America, and India. The most important legacy was the creation of the Ordnance Survey in 1791, due to the efforts of William Roy, the lead engineer on the Military Survey of Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early 1990s, it was revealed that during the Cold War the Soviet Union's General Staff had secretly mapped large parts of the world in great detail. This article discusses Soviet military maps covering Norway, and analyses how the maps were produced and how successfully they depict their subject. The author concludes that the USSR utilised open sources, satellite imagery, and human intelligence when compiling the maps, with varying degrees of success ranging from the successful penetration of Norwegian military secrecy to misidentification of commonly known institutions, which resulted in maps of highly non-uniform quality that were unique in Norwegian mapping history. A further conclusion is that the maps clearly do not represent the full Soviet intelligence repository on Norwegian topography, and the author discusses some possible theories for their unexpectedly low quality and reasons why they were perceived as vastly superior when first discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On Decision Rules for Multistage Stochastic Programs with Mixed-Integer Decisions Multistage stochastic programming is a field of stochastic optimization for addressing sequential decision-making problems defined over a stochastic process with a given probability distribution. The solution to such a problem is a decision rule (policy) that maps the history of observations to the decisions. Design of the decision rules in the presence of mixed-integer decisions is quite challenging. In "Lagrangian Dual Decision Rules for Multistage Stochastic Mixed-Integer Programming," Daryalal, Bodur, and Luedtke introduce Lagrangian dual decision rules, where linear decision rules are applied to dual multipliers associated with Lagrangian duals of a multistage stochastic mixed-integer programming (MSMIP) model. The restricted decisions are then used in the development of new primal- and dual-bounding methods. This yields a new general-purpose approximation approach for MSMIP, free of strong assumptions made in the literature, such as stagewise independence or existence of a tractable-sized scenario-tree representation. Multistage stochastic programs can be approximated by restricting policies to follow decision rules. Directly applying this idea to problems with integer decisions is difficult because of the need for decision rules that lead to integral decisions. In this work, we introduce Lagrangian dual decision rules (LDDRs) for multistage stochastic mixed-integer programming (MSMIP), which overcome this difficulty by applying decision rules in a Lagrangian dual of the MSMIP. We propose two new bounding techniques based on stagewise (SW) and nonanticipative (NA) Lagrangian duals, where the Lagrangian multiplier policies are restricted by LDDRs. We demonstrate how the solutions from these duals can be used to drive primal policies. Our proposal requires fewer assumptions than most existing MSMIP methods. We compare the theoretical strength of the restricted duals and show that the restricted NA dual can provide relaxation bounds at least as good as the ones obtained by the restricted SW dual. In our numerical study on two problem classes, one traditional and one novel, we observe that the proposed LDDR approaches yield significant optimality-gap reductions compared with existing general-purpose bounding methods for MSMIP problems. Funding: Financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant RGPIN-2018-04984]; the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-1634597]; and the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics [Contract Number DE-AC02- 06CH113] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2022.2366. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Asian American and Pacific Islander Architectural Histories: Mapping the Field and Its Futures" discusses the importance of documenting and preserving Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) architectural heritage. It highlights efforts to document AAPI buildings and landscapes in Hawaii, California, and the Pacific Northwest, and the progress made in listing these places on landmark registers. The article explores the complexities of AAPI architectural history, including the transnational nature of architectural education and practice, the impact of colonialism, and issues of social justice. The authors call for a more inclusive approach to AAPI architectural history, prioritizing the voices and perspectives of AAPI individuals in narrating their own histories. The JSAH Roundtable further discusses the need to include AAPI individuals as protagonists in architectural narratives, address archival gaps, amplify AAPI voices, and acknowledge diverse values. It concludes by emphasizing the urgency of addressing AAPI built spaces and landscapes and hopes that the contributions in this roundtable will lead to further scholarship on related topics. [Extracted from the article]

"UK and Irish Television Comedy: Representations of Region, Nation, and Identity" is a valuable contribution to the study of comedy in the UK and Ireland. The book explores how comedy on television and online is influenced by regional and national identities, and how these identities are debated through comedy. Divided into two parts, the book examines comedies from England and its regions, as well as the Celtic UK regions and Ireland. The collection of essays provides insights into the historical, political, cultural, and geographic contexts of these comedies, offering a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between dominant/subordinate and regional/national identities. [Extracted from the article]

The book "Motion in Maps. Maps in Motion. Mapping Stories and Movement through Time" explores the relationship between maps and narratives, focusing on the representation of motion and temporality in cartography. The book examines various attempts to visualize narratives, flows, and processes that were previously considered "unmappable" due to their subjectivity and complexity. It also discusses the connection between cartography and storytelling, highlighting the narrative potential of maps. The book includes case studies and analyses of different types of maps, providing a deeper understanding of their content and function. While the print quality of the illustrations could be improved, the book offers valuable theoretical insights and analytical methods for studying maps in relation to motion and time. [Extracted from the article]

Currently, human action recognition has witnessed remarkable progress, and its achievements have been applied to daily life. However, most methods extract features from only a single view within each modality, which may not comprehensively capture the diversity and complexity of actions. Moreover, the ineffective removal of redundant information can result in an inconspicuous description of key information. These issues cloud affect the final action recognition accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel method for single-subject routine action recognition, which combines multi-view key information representation and multi-modal fusion. Firstly, the energy of non-primary motion areas is reduced by motion mean normalization in the depth video sequence, thereby enhancing key information of action. Then, depth motion history map (DMHM) and depth spatio-temporal energy map (DSTEM) are extracted from planes and axes, respectively. The proposed DMHM effectively preserves the spatio-temporal information of actions, DSTEM preserves the motion contour and energy information. In terms of skeleton sequences, statistical features and motion contribution degree of each joint are extracted from the view of motion distribution and weights, respectively. Finally, depth and skeleton features are fused to achieve multi-modal fusion-based action recognition. The proposed method highlights the information of the main motion areas, and achieves recognition accuracies of 96.70 % on MSR-Action3D, 93.26 % on UTD-MHAD, and above 97.73 % on all tests of CZU-MHAD. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively preserves action information and has better recognition accuracy than most existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antigenic diversity is critical for parasites to coevolve with their hosts. Plasmodium falciparum generates antigenic diversity through ectopic recombination of their antigenic gene-rich subtelomeres, a mechanism that takes place after chromosomal ends anchor in clusters near the nuclear periphery. A study mapping the phylogenomic history of genes across the chromosomes of P. falciparum showed that this mechanism to generate antigenic diversity extends to all chromosomes. Yet, its existence, importance, and evolutionary history in other Plasmodium species remain largely unknown. In this study, we survey and compare genomic features associated with the mechanism to generate antigenic diversity through ectopic recombination of subtelomeres in 19 species widely distributed in the genus Plasmodium. By comparing these features across species using a phylogenomic framework, we assess the existence and intensity of this mechanism, as well as propose different hypotheses for its evolution. Our results suggest that ectopic recombination of subtelomeres is more critical for the diversification of pir or rif/stevor genes than other antigenic gene families. Furthermore, its intensity varies among subgenera and was likely acquired and lost multiple times in the phylogeny of Plasmodium. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the genomic and evolutionary complexity of this mechanism for generating antigenic diversity in the genus Plasmodium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a long line of scholarship on race and social control, evidence that incarceration can be connected to slavery is difficult to provide. This study evaluates whether slavery had long-term effects on growth in state incarceration rates by focusing on two key theoretical indicators: the size of the enslaved population prior to the Civil War and demographic changes during the Great Migration. Results reveal that states that historically had larger enslaved populations and those that acted as destinations for southern migrants experienced increased growth in incarceration between 1970 and 2015. Mediation analyses show that both variables have indirect effects on change in incarceration rates through contemporary demographic composition and public opinion. These findings lend support to theoretical claims that link slavery to mass incarceration and shed light on the mechanisms that enable racial histories to map onto current criminal punishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of exhibitions in promoting scholarly research and collection development, specifically in the field of historical map scholarship. The author reflects on their career at the Newberry Library and the impact of changes in the field, such as a shift towards a processual approach to map study. The author also describes their final exhibition, "Crossings: Mapping American Journeys," which aimed to showcase the Newberry's collection of maps, guidebooks, and travel accounts related to the United States. The exhibition sought to explore the history of travel mapping, including the experiences of marginalized groups such as migrants and enslaved individuals. The author explains their approach to representing these diverse travel experiences in the exhibition, using maps, non-cartographic objects, and multimedia elements. The exhibition was designed as a map itself, allowing visitors to see the connections between different travel experiences. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of cartography. It includes information on personal news, prizes, and awards, as well as research fellowships related to cartography. The article also highlights conferences, meetings, and institutional news, covering a wide range of topics and locations. Additionally, it lists upcoming exhibitions that explore various themes in cartography and showcases original maps. The document also mentions notable acquisitions of maps, atlases, charts, and globes from different time periods and regions. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a bibliography that includes items published from 2019 to 2023. It covers a wide range of topics related to cartography and maps, including the visualization of urban maps, the history of cartography, the analysis of historical maps, and the exploration of different regions and cultures. The entries follow the International Standard Bibliographic Description for Monographic Publications and provide unique reference numbers for indexing purposes. Researchers interested in cartography and its applications will find valuable information in these sources. [Extracted from the article]

The text discusses an exhibition at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BnF) called "Visages de l'exploration au XIXe siècle: Du mythe à l'histoire," which explores the history of exploration in the 19th century. The exhibition features a collection of objects from various institutions, including the Quai Branly Museum, the Natural History Museum, the Army Museum, and the BnF collection. The curators aimed to present both expected and unusual cartographic items and related objects, such as a fabric map worn as a turban by Tuareg people. The preparation for the exhibition was a long-term commitment, involving visits to rich collections, selection of pieces, and addressing budgetary constraints. The curators also had to consider the practical aspects of staging the exhibition, such as the installation of objects and writing concise labels. The exhibition aimed to deconstruct the myth of the explorer and included a mosaic wall of photographs to introduce the explorers, including lesser-known figures and members of expeditions. The preparation of the exhibition also led to the discovery of new archives and maps. The article discusses an exhibition at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) that aims to highlight the contributions of often overlooked individuals in the history of exploration. The exhibition showcases maps and materials created by women explorers, local assistants, guides, and interpreters who played a crucial role in exploration but are not typically recognized. The exhibition also [Extracted from the article]

The Ipiranga Museum in Brazil has used historical maps in its exhibitions to tell the story of Brazil's independence, but the interpretation and display of these maps have evolved over time. The article discusses how maps can support contradictory narratives and challenge traditional cartographic scholarship. It also examines the museum's past focus on colonial cartography, which silenced indigenous contributions. The museum has recently shifted its focus to highlight indigenous agency and territorial knowledge, reflecting a broader movement towards decolonization and inclusivity in archives. The 2022 exhibitions aim to challenge conventional understandings of mapping and shed light on indigenous languages and labor in colonial São Paulo. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the challenges and considerations involved in curating map exhibitions. It highlights how the display of maps in exhibitions can often create a cognitive distance between the map's content and its material base, limiting the viewer's engagement with the maps. The author emphasizes the importance of considering a map's physical form and material differences in order to gain a deeper understanding of its meaning and cultural significance. The article also explores the limitations of exhibition design in conveying the historical context and social practices associated with maps. The author suggests that map exhibitions should strive to be more inclusive and engaging for diverse audiences, and proposes various ideas for enhancing the visitor experience, such as incorporating interactive elements and utilizing augmented reality. Overall, the article encourages researchers and exhibition planners to rethink their approach to map analysis and interpretation in order to bridge the gap between map displays and the actual maps themselves. [Extracted from the article]

This article proposes mapping as a tool for dance historiography, and presents a case study of ballet in interwar Greece to show mapping's distinct attributes. Mapping supports critical dance historiography in five interconnected ways: fostering anti-hegemonic dance histories that counter hierarchical and exclusionary classifications; diversifying dance history beyond West-centric and nation-centric frameworks; undoing linear narratives primarily based on kinetic information; admitting dance history's performativity and constructed-ness; and amplifying relational, transindividual perspectives within dance histories. Ultimately, the article presents a dual focus: bringing attention to the characteristics of interwar Greek ballet as a genre-crossing, transnational, interdisciplinary modern form blurring distinctions between art and entertainment, and showing how mapping illuminates these distinct aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]