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Background. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have been deemed effective herb compounds for treating ischaemic stroke (IS) and improving the quality of life of IS patients. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of PNS in the treatment of IS based on network pharmacology. Methods. PNS were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and their possible targets were predicted using the PharmMapper database. IS-related targets were identified from the GeneCards database, OMIM database, and DisGeNET database. A herb-compound-target-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were established with STRING. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using DAVID. The binding of the compounds and key targets was validated by molecular docking studies using AutoDock Vina. The neuroprotective effect of TFCJ was substantiated in terms of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde) and the levels of IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway proteins. Results. A total of 375 PNS targets and 5111 IS-related targets were identified. Among these targets, 241 were common to PNS, and IS network analysis showed that MAPK1, AKT1, PIK3R1, SRC, MAPK8, EGFR, IGF1, HRAS, RHOA, and HSP90AA1 are key targets of PNS against IS. Furthermore, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that PNS probably exert therapeutic effects against IS by regulating many pathways, such as the Ras, oestrogen, FoxO, prolactin, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, insulin, PPAR, and thyroid hormone signalling pathways. Molecular docking studies further corroborated the experimental results.The network pharmacology results were further verified by molecular docking and in vivo experiments. Conclusions. The ameliorative effects of PNS against IS were predicted to be associated with the regulation of the IGF1-PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb1 may play an important role in the treatment of IS.

Background Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have been deemed effective herb compounds for treating ischaemic stroke (IS) and improving the quality of life of IS patients. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of PNS in the treatment of IS based on network pharmacology. Methods PNS were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and their possible targets were predicted using the PharmMapper database. IS-related targets were identified from the GeneCards database, OMIM database, and DisGeNET database. A herb-compound-target-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were established with STRING. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using DAVID. The binding of the compounds and key targets was validated by molecular docking studies using AutoDock Vina. The neuroprotective effect of TFCJ was substantiated in terms of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde) and the levels of IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway proteins. Results A total of 375 PNS targets and 5111 IS-related targets were identified. Among these targets, 241 were common to PNS, and IS network analysis showed that MAPK1, AKT1, PIK3R1, SRC, MAPK8, EGFR, IGF1, HRAS, RHOA, and HSP90AA1 are key targets of PNS against IS. Furthermore, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that PNS probably exert therapeutic effects against IS by regulating many pathways, such as the Ras, oestrogen, FoxO, prolactin, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, insulin, PPAR, and thyroid hormone signalling pathways. Molecular docking studies further corroborated the experimental results.The network pharmacology results were further verified by molecular docking and in vivo experiments. Conclusions The ameliorative effects of PNS against IS were predicted to be associated with the regulation of the IGF1-PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb1 may play an important role in the treatment of IS.

Cucurbitin is a kind of specific alkaloids in pumpkin seed. The extraction conditions of cucurbitin were optimized as: extraction solvent was 4% dilute hydrochloric acid, rate of material to solvent was 1:20, ultrasonic power was 200 w and ultrasonic time was 75 min. The content of cucurbitin in pumpkin seed was determined by liquid chromatography. The linear between concentration and peak area were good within 160 μg mL-1. The recoveries were 96.50%~102.1%. The relative standard deviation was 1.08%. The results are accurate, true and reliable.

The concentrations of 12 elements (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Se, Mn, Zn, Sn, Cu and Al) were determined in raw and roasted pumpkin seeds by ICP-AES following microwave-assisted acid digestion. The accuracy of the method determined by spiking experiments was very good (recoveries 95.48103.2%) and the limits of detection of elements of interest were from 0.1 up to 17.4μg g-1, the relative standard deviations were less than 3.52%. Compared with watermelon seeds, winter melon seeds, sunflower seeds and hanging melon seeds, the results showed the five kinds of roasted melon seeds are all rich in mineral elements.

Dust samples of gasoline and disruptors combustion were analyzed by GC-MS/MS. The use of GC-MS/MS determination in the SRM mode, provided the unequivocal identification of the target analytes. The results show that in the gasoline combustion dust samples containing mainly fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and other PAHs. GC-MS/MS is an invaluable analytical technique in suspected arson cases.

Diesel combustion dust was analyzed by accelerated solvent extraction-high performance liquid chromatography (ASE-HPLC) in this article. The optimum extraction conditions was that N-hexane was the optimum extraction solvent, extraction time was 30min, temperature was 140°C and the pressure was 120Mpa. it could be a promising technique for the confirmation of the diesel combustion dusts.

The application of solid phase microextractiongas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) to the analysis of the timeliness of burned gasoline analysis adsorbed on the floor carrier was studied in this artical, meanwhile the effects of temperature, wind speed and humidity on the timeliness of burned gasoline analysis adsorbed on the floor carrier has been investigated. The results show that temperature is the major factor that affects the timeliness of analysis of burned gasoline residues analysis, followed by humidity, and finally the wind speed, and the corresponding data of timeliness, derived equations and correlation are provided.

Objective To investigate the predictors for massive blood loss during posterior correction of congenital scoliosis in pre-school children. Methods Totally 124 children under six years of age,who received posterior correction of congenital scoliosis,were divided into two groups according to the ratio of intraoperative blood loss (BL) and estimated blood volume (EBV). Massive blood loss was defined as BL/EBV0.15,and minor or moderate blood loss as BL/EBV≤0.15. All the records,including demographics,intraoperative fluids,pre- or postoperative laboratory parameters,and the length of hospital stay,were compared between these two groups. Results There were 57 children in the moderate or minor blood loss group and 67 children in the massive blood loss group. When compared with moderate or minor blood loss group,children in massive blood loss group had significantly lower body weight,shorter body height,longer anesthesia period,and more autologous or allogeneic transfusion (P0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that body weight lower than 15 kg was the independent predictor for massive blood loss (OR=0.435,95% CI=0.197-0.962). Conclusions The incidence of massive blood loss is about 54% in children under six years of age who have received posterior correction of congenital scoliosis. The body weight of lower than 15 kg is an independent predictor for massive blood loss during the surgery.

The gasoline combustion dusts was analyzed by accelerated solvent extraction-high performance liquid chromatography(ASE-HPLC) in this paper. The optimum extraction conditions were that extraction time was 30min, temperature was 120°C and the pressure was 100Mpa. It is a efficient extraction method for a laboratory to quickly extract gasoline combustion dust samples.