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Six genotypes including first and second parents, first and second retrograde crosses with first and second generations of two wheat crosses, namely Sids 12 x Sakha 93 (cross 1) and Sids 1 x Sids 14 (cross 2) were established during three successive seasons of 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut. obtained results showed that there were significant differences among the six populations mean of the current crosses for most studied traits, which provides the existence of genetic variation for these traits. The additive gene effects were significant for all studied traits, except for days to 50% heading and of 100-grains weight in cross 2 and number of spikes /plant in cross 1. The dominance gene effects were found to be significant and highly significant for most studied traits, except for days to 50% heading and number of kernels /spike in cross 2. The additive x additive type of gene effects was positive and highly significant for plant height and grain yield/plant in the two crosses and number of spikes/plant and weight of 100 grains in cross 2. High expected genetic advance was recorded in the second generation (F2) for grain yield per plant in the two hybrids, indicated a continuous increase in variance. Through these studies, it can be recommended that early selection of these genotypes can be carried out to obtain a high yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Sheep & Goats Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two cycles of pedigree selection for one faba bean cross population i.e. Giza 429 x Giza 3 were done from F4 to F6 generations during three successive seasons, 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The obtained results showed significant differences among families at both cycles of selection. The overall families means exceeded significantly the best parent for seed yield/plant in the first cycle as well as, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant and 100-seed yield/plant in the second cycle. The C1 families possessed considerable amount of genotypic and phenotypic variability for all studied traits. Consequently, high estimates of heritability were obtained. The variability between C2 families decreased rapidly for all studied traits. Positive significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations were detected between most pairs of traits at both cycles of selection. However, strong positive significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations were found between seed yield/plant and number of pods/plant at both cycles of selection, indicated number of pods/plant is a good selection criterion to improve seed yield/plant. The actual response to selection was higher than the expected response for all studied traits at the two cycles of selection . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pythium spinosum was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Egyptian clover cultivated in an agricultural field located in Abou-Felew village, El-Minia City, Egypt in November 2003. Rhizosphere mycoflora isolated from rhizosphere soils of many crop plants cultivated in the same governorate were tested for their antagonism toward Pythium spinosum var. spinosum in agar plates. Among the isolated fungi, Aspergillus carneus, A. cervinus, A. sulphureus, Penicillium funiculosum, P. islandicum, P. nigricans, Chaetomium globosum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Phoma pomorum were chosen according to their antagonism on agar plates for experimentation to test their effectiveness for biological control in either pot or field trials. Coating Egyptian clover seeds with spores and mycelia of these nine antagonists gave germinating seeds and seedlings a very good protection from pre-emergence damping-off caused by P. spinosum var. spinosum. Applying these biocontrol agents to autoclaved and nonsterilized soil infested with P. spinosum provided an excellent way of protection in the laboratory and the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abdominal fat necrosis is mostly an incidental finding during rectal examination manifested by the presence of hard necrotic masses of different sizes. Differential diagnosis includes gastrointestinal neoplasia, abdominal abscessation and mummified fetuses. This report describes the clinical, hematological, biochemical, sonographic, and pathologic findings in a female Arabian camel ( Camelus dromedaries ) with abdominal fat necrosis., Case Description: A 7-year-old female dromedary camel was presented for examination because of weakness and progressive weight loss since months ago. Anthelmintics, analgesics, broad-spectrum antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories and stomachics were administered, but did not result in significant improvement. Preliminary examination of the case revealed emaciation with a body condition score of 2.5 (scale 1-5). The cardiopulmonary, digestive, and urinary systems were evaluated transcutaneously by sonography in the recumbent position. Multiple echogenic masses-located within the intestinal loops were observed alongside few hypoechogenic masses. A hyperechogenic peritoneal effusion and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were also detected. Decreased hematocrit value, normocytic normochromic anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, hhyperglobulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia were detected. A free-hand, ultrasound-guided biopsy was examined histopathologically and revealed multiple abdominal fat necrosis, severe fibrosis, and pancreatitis., Conclusion: It is concluded that, transabdominal ultrasonography in camels was valuable for suspicious of abdominal mesenteric masses and helpful in sampling of a representative biopsy specimen However, histological examination of the biopsy remains the final diagnostic method., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are classical antimalarial drugs, and recently have been used for other applications including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although they are considered safe, cardiomyopathy may associate CQ and HCQ applications particularly at overdoses. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of the nootropic agent vinpocetine against CQ and HCQ adverse effects with a specific focus on the heart. For this purpose, a mouse model of CQ (0.5 up to 2.5 g/kg)/HCQ (1 up to 2 g/kg) toxicity was used, and the effect of vinpocetine was evaluated by survival, biochemical, as well as histopathological analyses. Survival analysis revealed that CQ and HCQ caused dose-dependent lethality, which was prevented by co-treatment with vinpocetine (100 mg/kg, oral or intraperitoneal). To gain deeper understanding, a dose of 1 g/kg CQ-which did not cause death within the first 24 h after administration-was applied with and without vinpocetine administration (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). The CQ vehicle group showed marked cardiotoxicity as evidenced by significant alterations of blood biomarkers including troponione-1, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), ferritin, and potassium levels. This was confirmed at the tissue level by massive alteration of the heart tissue morphology and coincided with massive oxidative stress. Interestingly, co-administration of vinpocetine strongly ameliorated CQ-induced alterations and restored the antioxidant-defense system of the heart. These data suggest that vinpocetine could be used as an adjuvant therapy together with CQ/HCQ applications., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

<b>Background and Objective:</b> The wheat crop is considered one of the most important crops globally, especially in Egypt. It has great nutritional importance, so it was necessary to increase productivity and any genetic improvement depends on the presence of many genetic differences so that breeders can achieve this. This study aimed to use chemical mutagenic (sodium azide) to obtain the desired genetic differences in two wheat cultivars. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Two types of bread Sids 12 and Giza 164 were treated with different concentrations of sodium azide (NaN<sub>3</sub>) (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000 ppm). <b>Results:</b> The highest grain/plant 78.91 g was obtained from Sis12 and 62.96 g from Giza 164 compared to the control 42.57 and 40.24 g for Sids 12 and Giza 164, respectively. Also from the results obtained, the relationship of yield was positive and significant with both grain/spike, spikelet's no./spike spikes no./plant and height/plant. On the contrary, it was negative and significant with a 1000-grain weight (-0.433). <b>Conclusion:</b> The two treatments (1000 and 2000 ppm) were the best in the Sids 12, while (1000 and 5000 ppm) were the best treatments in the Giza 164.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> It is known that any genetic improvement depends on the presence of many genetic variations so that the plant breeder can choose the desired traits such as the trait of the crop or resistance to some diseases. Different or it can be used for selection, whether for yield, early maturity or other characteristics. This study aimed to use gamma irradiation and the chemical mutagen Dimethyl sulfoxide for the induction of genetic variation in two types of beans. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The Giza 429 and Misr 1 genotypes were treated with three different concentrations of dimethyl sulfur oxide (1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) and gamma radiation doses (10, 15 and 20 kr) to perform mutagenesis treatments. <b>Results:</b> In the first and second seasons of the study, all the mutations resulting from the radiological and chemical mutagenic treatments of the two Egyptian bean cultivars, Giza 429 and Misr 1, were highly significant for all treatments in the following traits: Number of branches/plant, plant height, number of pods/plant with the weight of 100 seeds (g) and seed yield/plant (g). <b>Conclusion:</b> The benefit of this research was obtained from plants that outperformed the two cultivars Giza 429 and Misr 1 and are considered among the promising plants that can be used in mixed breeding programs or direct selection for high productivity.

A total of 385 Red Sea coral reef fish representing three species; Broom tail wrasse ( Cheilinus lunulatus ), Blacktip grouper ( Epinephelus fasciatus ) and Rabbit fish ( Siganus sp.). were examined for the presence of nematode Huffmanela species. The eggs of Huffmanela species were isolated and identified only from the C. lunulatus. The total prevalence of Huffmanela sp. infestation were 69.5%. The highest prevalence was observed in winter and the lowest in spring and summer. The prevalence was increased in correlation with fish body weight. Fully developed eggs of Huffmanela species were dark brown embryonated, elongated, with slightly protruding plugs. A high density of Huffmanela sp. eggs with different developmental stages packed the epithelial layer of the gas bladder. The surrounding tissue of gas bladder was hemorrhagic and sometimes necrotic associated with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. This is the first record of Huffmanela species infestation in Broom tail wrasse C. lunulatus, Red Sea coral reef fishes., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors approved that no conflict of interest., (© Indian Society for Parasitology 2020.)

This study aimed to follow the time-course pathogenesis of EHV-9 abortion in early and late trimesters. Twenty-seven pregnant hamster dams were divided into three groups: (G1) control, (G2) EHV-9-inoculated on the 5th day (early trimester), and (G3) EHV-9-inoculated on the 10th day of gestation (late trimester). Dams were sacrificed at different time points during gestation and examined for viremia and viral DNA in different fetal and maternal tissues and pathological changes in fetal tissue, placenta, and cytokines. Animals in G3 showed a marked increase in the number of dead fetuses than those in G2. Histopathological findings of G2 showed early band coagulative necrosis of maternal spaces and stromal decidual cells. Necrotic changes were observed within the decidua basalis, spongiotrophoblast layer, and labyrinth. First, the virus was localized within mononuclear leukocytes in the decidua capsularis and basalis, and within the necrotic chorionic villi and cervical epithelium. G3 demonstrated degenerative changes within the chorionic villi and trophospongium. The virus antigen was observed within the chorionic villi, trophoblasts, mononuclear cells, and fetal tissues. In conclusion, EHV-9 induced abortion mostly occurs through necrosis of the chorionic villi and cannot cross through the capsular placenta in the early trimester but can through the developed decidual placentation.

Cormorant fishing is a traditional Japanese fishing method using captive Japanese cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus). Between June and July 2017, an avian pox outbreak was reported in captive cormorant populations throughout several distant cities in Japan. We examined the lesions obtained from two such affected cormorants, which were raised in distant cities. The affected cormorants were grossly characterized by the development of cutaneous nodules around the base of the beak. Histopathologically, these nodules consisted of marked epidermal hyperplasia with ballooning degeneration of spinous cells and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Bollinger bodies). The lesions displayed 4b core protein (P4b) of Avipoxvirus (APV) and DNA polymerase genes, which were detected by PCR. Moreover, the nucleotide sequences detected from both cormorants were found to be identical. No identical sequence was found in any international database. These findings suggest that both examined cormorants were infected with an identical APV, which has never been previously reported. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the detected sequences were observed to cluster in subclade A3, which consists mainly of the sequences detected from several marine birds, including other cormorant species. This observation suggests that the viruses might be maintained in Japanese cormorants in nature.

A severely emaciated adult Steller's sea eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) was found dead with electrocution-induced severe wing laceration, and with multiple cutaneous pock nodules at the periocular regions of both sides nearby the medial canthi and rhamphotheca. Histopathological examination of the nodules revealed hyperplasia of the epidermis with vacuolar degeneration and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger bodies). The proventriculus was severely affected by nematodes and was ulcerated. Nucleotide sequencing of a PCR-amplified product of Avipoxvirus 4b core gene revealed 100% identity to the sequence of Avipoxvirus derived from other eagle species. This report describes the first detection of Avipoxvirus clade A from a Steller's sea eagle.

An Okhotsk snailfish (Liparis ochotensis) kept at Nagoya aquarium exhibited sudden death. Microscopically, the fish showed multiple granulomatous foci in the gills, liver and kidney. Multiple yeast-like organisms as well as pseudohyphal elements were observed within granulomatous lesions. Immunohistochemically, the hyphae were negative for both Asperigullus and Mucor spp., and a weak positive for Candida sp. The seminated-PCR product was consistent with Candida parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. This is the first record of disseminated mycotic granulomatous lesion due to C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis infection in fish.

We describe the histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of a case of meningoencephalitis in a Thomson's gazelle ( Eudorcas thomsonii) naturally infected with zebra-borne equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and the implications for the molecular detection of zebra-borne EHV-1. A 4-y-old female Thomson's gazelle was submitted for postmortem examination; no gross abnormalities were noted except for meningeal congestion. Microscopic evaluation demonstrated multifocal nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis with intranuclear eosinophilic and amphophilic inclusion bodies and EHV-9 antigen in neurons. PCR demonstrated the presence of a herpesvirus with a nucleotide sequence 99-100% identical to the corresponding sequences of zebra-borne EHV-1 and of EHV-9 strains. To determine whether EHV-1 or EHV-9 was involved, a PCR with a specific primer set for EHV-9 ORF59/60 was used. The sequence was identical to that of 3 recognized zebra-borne EHV-1 strains and 91% similar to that of EHV-9. This isolate was designated as strain LM2014. The partial glycoprotein G ( gG) gene sequence of LM2014 was also identical to the sequence of 2 zebra-borne EHV-1 strains (T-529 isolated from an onager, 94-137 from a Thomson's gazelle). The histologic lesions of encephalitis and antigen localization in this gazelle indicate prominent viral neurotropism, and lesions were very similar to those seen in EHV-1- and EHV-9-infected non-equid species. Histologic lesions caused by EHV-9 and zebra-borne EHV-1 are therefore indistinguishable.

A single morphologic type of Sarcocystis cysts found in two out of 43 examined common coots, Fulica atra, is considered to represent a new species for which the name Sarcocystis atraii n. sp. is proposed and its description is provided. Coots were hunted from the vicinity of Brolos Lake located at KafrElsheikh province, Egypt. The structural morphology of the revealed sarcocysts was described using light and transmission electron microscopy. Sarcocysts were found in the leg and thigh muscles. The cysts were microscopic and measured 165-850 μm in length × 50-85 μm in width. Histologically; the sarcocyst wall was wavy and had minute undulations. Ultrastructurally, it measured 1-3 μm in thickness and possessed many mushroom-like villar protrusions sometimes originating from other mushroom-like villar protrusions that measured approximately 0.5-2 μm in length and up to 2 μm in width, with the presence of electron dense ground substance of 300 nm to 1 μm thick. The bradyzoites were elongated, banana-shaped and measured 7.5-14 × 1.5-2.5 μm, with centrally or terminally located nuclei. The ultrastructural features of the cyst wall belonged to type 24. On the basis of sequencing and phylogenic analyses for 18S rRNA , 28S rRNA genes and ITS-1 region; S. atraii n. sp. is considered a genetically distinct species, being most closely related to avian Sarcocystis spp. whose definitive hosts are predatory mammals.

We investigated the immunomodulatory and parasiticidal effects of garlic extract on coccidiosis caused by Eimeria vermiformis infection in male ICR mice. One group received garlic extract daily until the end of the experiment by the oral route from 10 days prior to oral infection with 300 sporulated E. vermiformis oocysts (infected-garlic(+)). The other group served as a control positive with E. vermiformis infection alone (infected-garlic(-)). In the infected-garlic(+) group, garlic extract treatment induced a significant reduction in fecal oocyst output when compared with the infected-garlic(-) group. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analysis for inflammatory cytokines in ileal tissues showed that the garlic extract treatment impaired intracellular development of E. vermiformis during the early stages by increasing the number of intraepithelial CD8(+) T cells and decreasing IL-10 expression. This induced cell cytotoxicity which was reflected by a decrease in oocyst numbers in the intestinal villi and the feces, indicating anticoccidial effects of the garlic extract. However, further studies to explore the precise mechanism of the observed effects of garlic treatment during Eimeria infection are needed to verify our results.

In the winter of 2010-2011, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection occurred in wild and domestic birds in Japan. Tufted ducks were found dead in an urban area of Toyota City, Koriyama, Fukushima Prefecture. Two tufted ducks were examined histopathologically, immunohistochemically and molecularly. Gross findings included marked dark-red clotted blood in the pectoral muscles and multifocal hemorrhages on the serous membranes. Microscopically, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, multifocal to coalescing pancreatic necrosis and severe pulmonary congestion were observed. HPAIV antigen was detected in the malacic areas, neuronal, glial and ependymal cells, pulmonary capillary endothelial cells and epithelium of pulmonary bronchioles, necrotic pancreatic acini and degenerated cardiac myocytes. The HPAIV isolate was genetically classified into clade 2.3.2.1 group A. The broad distribution of virus antigen in brain and pulmonary tissues associated with HPAIV spontaneous infection in tufted ducks might be useful in understanding its pathogenesis in nature.

Two diamond doves (Geopelia cuneata) in a flock of 23 birds housed in an aviary in a zoo in central Japan were found dead as a result of mycobacteriosis. Fecal samples of the remaining doves were positive for mycobacterial infection, and thus they were euthanatized. Clinical signs and gross pathology, including weight loss and sudden death and slight enlargement of the liver and intestine, were observed in a small number of birds (3/23). Disseminated histiocytic infiltration of either aggregates or sheets of epithelioid cells containing acid-fast bacilli, in the absence of caseous necrosis, were observed in different organs of the infected doves, especially lungs (23/23), intestines (9/23), livers (7/23), and hearts (6/23). Mycobacterium sp. was isolated from the livers of three birds (3/23). DNA extracted from frozen liver and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (5/23) were used for amplification of the gene encoding mycobacterial 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp65). The causative Mycobacterium species was identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Mycobacterium genavense infection was confirmed in three of the diamond doves. Moreover, partial 16S rDNA gene sequencing revealed 100% identity across the three samples tested, and 99.77% nucleotide homology of the isolate sequence to M. genavense. The main route of M. genavense infection in the diamond doves was most likely airborne, suggesting a potential zoonotic risk of airborne transmission between humans and birds.

A 4-year-old Rahmani breed ewe was presented for surgery to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, South Valley University, Egypt with enlargement and protrusion of the eye ball, blepharitis and congestion of the conjunctiva. On examination, a cyst 2.5 cm x 3.5 cm in diameter containing sandy fluid was detected in the perioptic nerve fat. Histopathological examination revealed that the epithelial lining of the conjunctiva was necrotic and severely infiltrated by neutrophils. The underlying connective tissue was oedematous, hyperaemic and severely infiltrated by neutrophils. Desquamation of the corneal epithelium was seen, together with oedema of the stroma. The tissue surrounding the cyst was compressed and the lacrimal glands revealed pressure atrophy. The muscular tissue was atrophied and infiltrated by fat cells. The cyst wall was lined with white scolices protruding from the inner wall. Based on the gross and histopathological characteristics of the cyst observed, the cyst was diagnosed as Coenurus cerebralis. This is the first report of orbital coenurosis in a sheep.

A three-and-a-half year-old female Rahmani ewe was presented suffering from nervous symptoms. Grossly, a large cyst measuring 7 × 4 cm and weighing 145 g occupied the dilated left lateral ventricle. The overlying cerebral tissue was thin, atrophied and congested. It tore easily, and the cyst was evacuated spontaneously. Microscopically, liquefactive necrosis surrounded by aggregations of macrophages, eosinophils, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and giant cells was predominantly observed. Hyperplasia and severe necrosis of the ependymal cell lining of the lateral ventricle were observed. Extensive subependymal inflammatory cell infiltrations, accompanied by neovascularization and fibroblastic proliferation, were seen. Based on the gross and histopathological lesions and cyst morphology and location, the cyst was diagnosed as Coenurus cerebralis. This report describes a rare case of coenurus cyst in the left lateral cerebral ventricle of a ewe and the associated lesion.

Internal hernia in avian species is very rare. A necropsy of a 2-week-old SPF White Leghorn chicken revealed that a loop of the duodenum and part of the pancreas (4 × 2 × 1 cm) was protruding through the abnormal foramen (2.5 cm in diameter) in the right posthepatic septum into the right ventral hepatic peritoneal cavity. The herniated loop was located underneath the ventral hepatic surface, leaving a groove on the right hepatic lobe (2 × 1.5 × 0.4 cm). The part of the pancreas involved in the hernia was grossly enlarged. Microscopically, a zone of pressure atrophy of hepatic tissue was characterized by crowdedness of hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei and faint eosinophilic cytoplasm and indistinct narrow sinusoids. The pancreas revealed hypertrophy of the acinar cells with an increase in the secretory granules and basophilic cytoplasm. This is the first report of duodenum herniation into the right ventral hepatic peritoneal cavity resulting in groove formation on the ventral hepatic surface in a 2-week-old chicken.

Subclinical infection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) at 4 to 6 weeks of age, after maternal antibodies have waned, is implicated in several field problems in broiler flocks. In order to understand the pathogenesis of subclinical infection with CAV, an immunopathological study of CAV-inoculated 4-week-old SPF chickens was performed. Sixty 4-week-old SPF chickens were equally divided into CAV and control groups. The CAV group was inoculated intramuscularly with the MSB1-TK5803 strain of CAV. Neither mortality nor anemia was detected in the CAV and control groups. In the CAV group, no signs were observed, except that some chickens were grossly smaller compared with the control group. Sporadic thymus lobes appeared to be reddening and atrophied. Within the first two weeks p.i. of CAV, there was a mild to moderate depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus cortex and spleen in some chickens. Moreover, lymphoid depletion of the bursa of Fabricius, proventriculus and cecal tonsils was observed. Hyperplastic lymphoid foci were observed in the liver, lungs, kidneys and heart at the 4th week p.i. of CAV. Immunohistochemically, a moderate lymphoid depletion of CD4(+)and CD8(+) T cells in the thymus cortex and spleen was observed in some chickens within two weeks p.i. of CAV. CAV inclusions and antigens were detected infrequently in the thymus cortex and spleen. It could be concluded that the immunosuppression in subclinical infection with CAV occurs as a result of reduction of cellular immunity.