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Purpose This paper aims to examine internal market orientation (IMO), potential building capabilities and value realizing capabilities, i.e. dynamic capabilities (DC) as an antecedent of resource recombination in higher education institutions of the United Arab Emirates. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected from 349 faculty members and analyzed using the covariance-based structural equation modeling technique. Findings Results did not support a direct relationship between IMO and resource recombination. However, results did provide support for IMO’s significant impact on potential building and value realizing capabilities. The impact of potential building capabilities on resource recombination was partially supported, whereas the impact of value realizing capabilities on resource recombination was fully supported. Practical implications This study provides guidelines for the higher education managers, especially for the strategic management of its resources. The study also provides a basis for improving internal market policies to remain abreast of DC to succeed in the market. Most significantly, the findings of the study offer guidance toward effective resource planning and innovative management practices. Originality/value This study identifies the essential resources and capabilities framework that guides firms to modify their capabilities in the face of changing environment.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to discern the role of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) – a dynamic capability – in increasing supply chain performance (SCP), through building supply chain resilience (SCR). The study further suggests that the presence of supply chain orientation (SCO) within a firm will enhance the relationship between EL and SCR.Design/methodology/approachDynamic capabilities view is used to develop the hypotheses and a survey method is used to collect data from manufacturing firms in Pakistan. The hypothesized model is tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe results in general confirm the hypothesized model. The findings suggest that SCR mediates the relationship between EL and SCP. The results also confirm that SCO moderates the relationship between EL and SCR.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by studying the pivotal role of EL in building SCR and sustaining a competitive advantage in an uncertain environment.

Modern world is more uncertain than ever before. Organizations need to identify the capabilities needed to gain competitive advantage under these uncertain conditions. Supply chain integration is such a capability that may help a firm achieve competitive advantage under uncertain market conditions. The current study evaluated the multidimensional role of supply chain integration in supply chain performance. The moderating role of supply chain flexibility between different dimensions of supply chain integration and supply chain performance was also considered. Based on the data gathered from Pakistani manufacturing firms, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized model. The results showed that internal integration and supplier integration represented a positive impact on supply chain performance. However, the moderating role of supply chain flexibility was determined to be significant only in the case of customer integration – supply chain performance relationship.

PurposeThis research aims to understand how competencies for supply chain professionals are developed and how they can affect the manager's performance, especially the manager's resilience in times of significant supply chain disruptions.Design/methodology/approachA research model was developed based on a comprehensive literature survey in the area of individual competencies grounded in the knowledge-based view of the firm. We tested our research model using a quantitative, survey-based study with a sample of 175 Pakistani supply chain managers. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsThe analysis identified corporate training and knowledge sharing as the main antecedents of supply chain professional's competencies. It also showed that these competencies result in higher performance in the form manager's resilience and job performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides a valuable framework for organisations to focus on skill-developing training and promoting a knowledge-sharing culture among employees to achieve desired performance levels.Originality/valueThis study is unique as no prior research studied such a comprehensive model of antecedents and consequences of supply chain professionals' competencies.

The social dimension of sustainability in supply chain management is significant but less prominent. This study investigates the role of a manager’s social commitment in achieving an organization’s social performance. A model with four constructs was developed to study the impact of the manager’s social commitment on social outcomes. Research was carried out on Pakistani firms through a survey-based questionnaire. From a total of 360 respondents (managers of Pakistani organizations) identified initially, 158 sent their responses after repeated follow-ups. Structural Equation Modeling was used for data analysis. The results show that socially committed managers play a significant role in achieving organization’s social performance. Furthermore, implementing social sustainable supply chain practices mediates the relationship between manager’s social commitment and organization’s social performance. This study shows that an organization’s culture promotes the implementation of social practices and helps managers adopt social responsive activities and achieve social outcomes. Additionally, this study along with theoretical support to understand the manager’s role in changing the business environment to resolve emerging social issues and improve the firm’s reputation, also provides empirical evidence from a developing country’s perspective, supported by the significant results.

Background Trauma exposure is associated with a more severe, persistent course of affective and anxiety symptoms. Markers of reward neural circuitry function, specifically activation to reward prediction error (RPE), are impacted by trauma and predict the future course of affective symptoms. This study’s purpose was to determine how lifetime trauma exposure influences relationships between reward neural circuitry function and the course of future affective and anxiety symptoms in a naturalistic, transdiagnostic observational context. Methods A total of 59 young adults aged 18–25 (48 female and 11 male participants, mean ± SD = 21.5 ± 2.0 years) experiencing psychological distress completed the study. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 months. At baseline, the participants reported lifetime trauma events and completed a monetary reward functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Affective and anxiety symptoms were reported at each visit, and trajectories were calculated using MPlus. Neural activation during RPE and other phases of reward processing were determined using SPM8. Trauma and reward neural activation were entered as predictors of symptom trajectories. Results Trauma exposure moderated prospective relationships between left ventral striatum (β = −1.29, p = .02) and right amygdala (β = 0.58, p = .04) activation to RPE and future hypo/mania severity trajectory: the interaction between greater trauma and greater left ventral striatum activation to RPE was associated with a shallower increase in hypo/mania severity, whereas the interaction between greater trauma and greater right amygdala activation to RPE was associated with increasing hypo/mania severity. Conclusions Trauma exposure affects prospective relationships between markers of reward circuitry function and affective symptom trajectories. Evaluating trauma exposure is thus crucial in naturalistic and treatment studies aiming to identify neural predictors of future affective symptom course.

PurposeDrawing on the “substitute for leadership” theory, this study investigates the mediating role of employee attitude between supervisory support and employee’s organisational citizenship behaviour for the environment. It also explicates the role of environmental management practices, as substitute for supervisory support in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachTime-lagged data (n = 235) were collected from middle- and upper-level management employees working in manufacturing and service sector organisations in Pakistan. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling and regression analysis.FindingsThe findings reveal that supervisory support enhances employee attitudes towards pro-environmental behaviour, which in turn increases employees’ tendency to involve in organisational citizenship behaviour for the environment. However, the formal environmental management practices of the organisation serve as a substitute for the supervisory support because, if such formal practices are followed, the role of supervisory support becomes less significant.Originality/valueThis study is the maiden attempt to apply the “substitute for leadership” theory to the study of organisation citizenship behaviour for the environment. Moreover, it adds to the largely overlooked dimension of the research area concerning the inter-relationships between employees’, supervisory and organisational level antecedents of organisational citizenship behaviour for the environment.

Impulsivity (rash action with deleterious outcomes) is common to many psychiatric disorders. While some studies indicate altered amygdala and prefrontal cortical (PFC) activity associated with impulsivity, it remains unclear whether these patterns of neural activity are specific to impulsivity or common to a range of affective and anxiety symptoms. To elucidate neural markers specific to impulsivity, we aimed to differentiate patterns of amygdala–PFC activity and functional connectivity associated with impulsivity from those associated with affective and anxiety symptoms, and identify measures of this circuitry predicting future worsening of impulsivity. Using a face emotion processing task that reliably activates amygdala–PFC circuitry, neural activity and connectivity were assessed in a transdiagnostically-recruited sample of young adults, including healthy (N = 47) and treatment-seeking individuals (N = 67). Relationships were examined between neural measures and impulsivity, anhedonia, and affective and anxiety symptoms at baseline (N = 114), and at 6 months post scan (N = 30). Impulsivity, particularly negative urgency and lack of perseverance, was related to greater amygdala activity (beta = 0.82, p = 0.003; beta = 0.68, p = 0.004; respectively) and lower amygdala–medial PFC functional connectivity (voxels = 60, tpeak = 4.45, pFWE = 0.017; voxels = 335, tpeak = 5.26, pFWE = 0.001; respectively) to facial fear. Left vlPFC, but not amygdala, activity to facial anger was inversely associated with mania/hypomania (beta = −2.08, p = 0.018). Impulsivity 6 months later was predicted by amygdala activity to facial sadness (beta = 0.50, p = 0.017). There were no other significant relationships between neural activity and 6-month anhedonia, affective, and anxiety symptoms. Our findings are the first to associate amygdala–PFC activity and functional connectivity with impulsivity in a large, transdiagnostic sample, providing neural targets for future interventions to reduce predisposition to impulsivity and related future mental health problems in young adults.

PurposeSupply chain (SC) managers influence firms in incorporating green behavior throughout the value chain in functions such as purchasing, production, distribution and transportation. In this study, we aim to understand the antecedents of pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in SC managers.Design/methodology/approachWe develop a research model hypothesizing a direct role of SC managers' private green behaviors, subjective norms, personal and organizational barriers as factors influencing the manager's pro-environmental intentions. We also analyze the impact of these intentions on actual behavior. We surveyed managers working in the SC of manufacturing firms in a developing country and tested the research model using structural equation modeling.FindingsOur results indicate that SC managers' personal barriers significantly influence intentions to act pro-environmentally and these intentions then predict their actual behavior. However, SC managers' private green behaviors do not spill over to their workplace. Furthermore, the study shows that organizational-level barriers and subjective norms may reverse green intentions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the research literature by identifying the role of organizational, personal and social factors in modifying the SC managers' intentions. It provides useful insights into how these factors affect the behavior of SC managers. Thus, we extend prior work in the area of PEB to the SC environment.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is common and debilitating and confounding effects of depression history on neural activity in BD are unknown. We aimed to dissociate neural activity reflecting past depression-load vs. present symptom severity using the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY), a prospective longitudinal cohort study of pediatric-onset BD. In n = 54 COBY (18–32 years), we modeled depression scores over time (up to 17.5 years) using a standardized autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, followed by k-means cluster analysis. N = 36 healthy participants (HC, 20–36 years) were included. Using two factorial analyses, we parsed the impact of ARMA-defined past depression-load on neural activity from the impact of current symptoms on neural activity (p k > 30) and examined relationships with past and present symptoms (ps FDR-corrected). ARMA identified three COBY groups based on past depression-load. ARMA-defined COBY participants with the greatest past depression-load vs. other groups showed greater activity in right temporoparietal junction, thalamus, insula, premotor cortex, left fusiform gyrus, bilateral precuneus and cerebellum. In contrast, BD-COBY participants vs. HC showed greater activity in left hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and right somatosensory cortex, plus the above thalamus, premotor cortex and cerebellum; activity positively correlated with present symptom severity in most regions. Past depression-load was related to social cognition and salience perception network activity, potentially reflecting heightened attention to socially relevant distracters, while present symptoms were associated with emotion processing and reappraisal network activity, potentially reflecting abnormal emotional experience and regulation. Differentiating aberrant neural activity related to long-term depression vs. present affective symptoms can help target interventions to networks associated with pathophysiological processes, rather than long-term illness effects.

Background Little is known about how early alterations in white matter relate to clinically relevant behaviors such as emotional dysregulation. Thus, our goal was to examine how the white matter structural integrity of key limbic (i.e., uncinate fasciculus and cingulum) and commissural (i.e., forceps minor) bundles in 3-month-old infants prospectively predicts emotional regulation behaviors at 9 months. Methods Three-month-old infants underwent multishell diffusion-weighted imaging. Following image processing, tractography was performed for each tract within each infant's native space (n=20). Measures of white matter integrity, including microstructure and morphology, were extracted from each tract. At 9 months, negative emotionality (NE) and positive emotionality (PE) were elicited using Laboratory Assessment of Temperament tasks. Elastic net regressions were performed for variable selection, which included white matter integrity variables from each of the 3 tracts, along with several covariates, including age, sex, use of public assistance, and the mother's depressive symptoms. Outcome variables were NE and PE composite scores evaluated in two separate models. Results Notably, following hierarchical regression using elastic net-selected variables, uncinate structural integrity was the most robust predictor of NE (s=-0.631, p=0.005). Limitations The sample size of our study is a limitation, however, as a preliminary study, our goal was to describe our findings to inform future, larger studies. Conclusions Greater uncinate structural integrity predicted lower NE, suggesting that greater uncinate structural integrity at 3 months allows greater emotional regulation capacity at 9 months. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate prospective brain-to-emotional behavior relationships in infants.

PurposeThis paper investigates the role of psychological contract violation (PCV) as the antecedent of employee turnover intention. It also explores the role of job dissatisfaction and work disengagement as the sequential underlying mechanism of a positive effect of PCV on employee turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on social exchange theory (SET), the authors postulate that PCV triggers negative reciprocity behaviour in employees, which leads to job dissatisfaction and work disengagement, which in turn develop into turnover intentions. The authors tested the research model on time-lagged data from 200 managers working in the banking sector of Pakistan.FindingsThe findings confirmed the hypothesis that employees experiencing PCV raise their turnover intentions because of a feeling of organisational betrayal which makes them dissatisfied and detached from their work.Originality/valueThis research advances the body of knowledge in the area of psychological contracts by identifying the mechanisms through which PCVs translate into employee turnover intentions.

PurposeThis study analyzes the role of supply chain ambidexterity (SC-Ambidexterity) in developing supply chain resilience (SC-Resilience). We describe SC-Ambidexterity as a simultaneous application of supply chain adaptability (SC-Adaptability) and supply chain alignment (SC-Alignment) capabilities. We also consider the role of supply chain agility (SC-Agility) in the relationship between SC-Ambidexterity and SC-Resilience. We further suggest that the relationship between SC-Ambidexterity and SC-Resilience may be stronger in case of higher market uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachBased on the dynamic capabilities view (DCV) of the firm, we develop a set of hypotheses that are tested through a survey of manufacturing firms in Pakistan. The hypothesized model is tested through structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe results of this study show a positive effect of SC-Ambidexterity on SC-Resilience. SC-Agility positively mediates the relationship between SC-Ambidexterity and SC-Resilience. However, our results show that this relationship does not vary at different levels of environmental uncertainty.Originality/valueThis study provides the seminal operationalization of SC-Ambidexterity in the supply chain context. It further shows the importance of SC-Ambidexterity and SC-Agility in contributing toward SC-Resilience.

Young adults are at high risk for suicide, yet there is limited ability to predict suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Machine learning approaches are better able to examine a large number of variables simultaneously to identify combinations of factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The current study used LASSO regression to investigate extent to which a number of demographic, psychiatric, behavioral, and functional neuroimaging variables are associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors during young adulthood. 78 treatment seeking young adults (ages 18-25) completed demographic, psychiatric, behavioral, and suicidality measures. Participants also completed an implicit emotion regulation functional neuroimaging paradigm. Report of recent suicidal thoughts and behaviors served as the dependent variable. Five variables were identified by the LASSO regression: Two were demographic variables (age and level of education), two were psychiatric variables (depression and general psychiatric distress), and one was a neuroimaging variable (left amygdala activity during sad faces). Amygdala function was significantly associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors above and beyond the other factors. Findings inform the study of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among treatment seeking young adults, and also highlight the importance of investigating neurobiological markers.

BACKGROUND: Drifts between wakefulness and sleep are common during resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI). Among healthy adults, within-scanner sleep can impact functional connectivity of default mode (DMN), task-positive (TPN), and thalamo-cortical networks. Because dysfunctional arousal states (i.e., sleepiness, sleep disturbance) are common in affective disorders, individuals with affective psychopathology may be more prone to unstable wakefulness during rsfMRI, hampering the estimation of clinically meaningful functional connectivity biomarkers. METHODS: A transdiagnostic sample of 150 young adults (68 psychologically distressed; 82 psychiatrically healthy) completed rsfMRI and reported whether they experienced within-scanner sleep. Symptom scales were reduced into depression/anxiety and mania proneness dimensions using principal component analysis. We evaluated associations between within-scanner sleep, clinical status, and functional connectivity of the DMN, TPN, and thalamus. RESULTS: Within-scanner sleep during rsfMRI was reported by 44% of participants (n=66) but was unrelated to psychiatric diagnoses or mood symptom severity (p-values>0.05). Across all participants, self-reported within-scanner sleep was associated with connectivity signatures akin to objectively-assessed sleep, including lower within-DMN connectivity, lower DMN-TPN anti-correlation, and altered thalamo-cortical connectivity (p0.05). LIMITATIONS: Subjective report of within-scanner sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Findings implicate within-scanner sleep as a source of variance in network connectivity; careful monitoring and correction for within-scanner sleep may enhance our ability to characterize network signatures underlying affective psychopathology.

Medications to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) are not equally effective across patients. Given that neural response to rewards is altered in MDD and given that reward-related circuitry is modulated by dopamine and serotonin, we examined, for the first time, whether reward-related neural activity moderated response to sertraline, an antidepressant medication that targets these neurotransmitters. 222 unmedicated adults with MDD randomized to receive sertraline (n=110) or placebo (n=112) in the EMBARC (Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care) study completed demographic and clinical assessments, and pre-treatment functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a reward task. We tested whether an index of reward system function in the ventral striatum (VS), a key reward circuitry region, moderated differential response to sertraline versus placebo, assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression over 8 weeks. We observed a significant moderation effect of the reward index, reflecting the temporal dynamics of VS activity, on Week-8 depression levels (Fs≥9.67,ps≤0.002). Specifically, VS responses that were abnormal with respect to predictions from reinforcement learning theory were associated with lower Week-8 depression symptoms in the sertraline versus placebo arms. Thus, a more abnormal pattern of pre-treatment VS dynamic response to reward expectancy (expected outcome value) and prediction error (difference between expected and actual outcome), likely reflecting serotonergic and dopaminergic deficits, was associated with better response to sertraline than placebo. Pre-treatment measures of reward-related VS activity may serve as objective neural markers to advance efforts to personalize interventions by guiding individual-level choice of antidepressant treatment. Trial Registration: NCT01407094; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01407094

Depression and anxiety have been linked to poor quality of life (QoL) - one's subjective perception of relationships, physical health, daily functioning, general sense of well-being and life satisfaction. Elucidating abnormal white matter microstructure associated with mood and other symptoms and QoL is important to facilitate treatment. Ninety-six young adults (18-25 years old) seeking help for psychological distress, irrespective of presence or absence of psychiatric diagnosis completed diffusion weighted and anatomical scans, clinical and behavioral measures, and QoL assessment. We examined relationships between diffusion imaging properties in major white matter tracts involved in emotion processing and regulation, symptoms, and QoL. Depression and general distress levels fully mediated the relationship between fractional anisotropy (FA), an indirect index of fiber collinearity, and radial diffusivity (RD), an index sensitive to axonal/myelin damage, in right uncinate fasciculus and QoL. The relationship between reduced FA (and increased RD) in right uncinate fasciculus and poor QoL was explained by greater severity of depression and general distress. These findings underscore the role of white matter microstructure in right uncinate fasciculus in relation to depressive and general distress symptoms and, in turn, QoL. Importantly, they suggest that measures of white matter microstructure in this tract can be used as putative objective markers of emotion dysregulation, to inform and monitor the impact of interventions to reduce affective symptoms and improve QoL in young adults.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the drivers of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices among the manufacturing firms of a developing country, and to examine the impact of GSCM practices on firms’ economic and environmental performance. A structural equation model is developed to study the hypothesized relationships between three drivers and GSCM practices. Furthermore, the relationship between GSCM practices and firm’s economic and environmental performance is also investigated. A sample of manufacturing firms is taken from the companies listed in the local stock exchange. Cross-sectional data of 80 responses from these manufacturing firms is collected. The developed model is tested through Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. Results show that customer’s pressure and firm’s internal drive (enviropreneurship) positively impacts the adoption of GSCM practices whereas the relationship between governmental legislation GSCM practices adoption is not significant. GSCM practices positively impact the supply chain buying firm’s economic and environmental performance.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the antecedents of dynamic supply chain capabilities (DSCCs). The authors test entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and supply chain learning orientation (SCLO) as two antecedents of DSCCs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses structural equation modelling to test a hypothetical model. Data are gathered from a survey of 275 operations managers in Pakistan’s turbulent manufacturing industry.FindingsThe findings suggest that the weaker direct effects of EO, in comparison to the indirect effects, indicate that an SCLO mediates the relationship between EO and DSCCs.Research limitations/implicationsIt is widely accepted that firms do not compete with each other, instead, it is end-to-end supply chains that fight for market dominance. Many scholars use the dynamic capabilities view to understand supply chain level competition. However, the dynamic capabilities view is firm-centric in its examination of how companies transform internal resources to compete in the external environment. The theoretical contribution of this paper is a roadmap of how to build dynamic, supply-chain level and capabilities by determining the key antecedents. This paper explains that DSCCs emerge when buyers and suppliers share strategic orientations. Firms with an EO and the ability to learn with supply chain partners are well-positioned to develop DSCCs. This provides a new angle to theory testing by indicating that dynamic capabilities are enabled by an EO and an ability to learn with supply chain partners.Practical implicationsManagers are given the building blocks of DSCCs, starting with fostering an entrepreneurially-oriented mindset in the company and then learning with supply chain partners. Entrepreneurially-oriented managers are encouraged to take risks and co-develop innovative ideas with suppliers during the supply chain learning process.Originality/valueThis study is one of the earliest efforts to determine the strategic orientations that antecede the emergence of DSCCs.

Background High trait impulsive sensation seeking (ISS), the tendency to engage in behavior without forethought and to seek out new or extreme experiences, is a transdiagnostic risk factor for externalizing and mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder. We published a positive association between trait ISS and reward expectancy–related activity in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (L vlPFC) and the ventral striatum. We aimed to replicate this finding and extend it by testing for mediation effects of ISS on relationships between reward expectancy–related activity and measures denoting hypomania. Methods A transdiagnostic sample of 127 adults, 18 to 25 years of age, completed a card-guessing functional magnetic resonance imaging task as well as measures of ISS (inattention, motor impulsivity, fun seeking, positive and negative urgency) and the Moods Spectrum as a measure of hypomania. An original sample of 98 was included for confirmatory and mediation analyses. Results We replicated a positive relationship between reward expectancy–related L vlPFC activity and negative urgency, an ISS component (β = .28, t = 2.44, p = .0169). We combined these data with the original sample, confirming this finding (β = .27, t = 2.41, p = .0184). Negative urgency statistically mediated the relationship between reward expectancy–related L vlPFC activity and Moods Spectrum factors associated with hypomania. No other associations between ISS measures and reward expectancy–related activity were replicated. Conclusions We replicated findings showing that reward expectancy–related L vlPFC activity is a biomarker for negative urgency, the tendency to react with frustration during distressing conditions. Negative urgency also statistically mediated the relationship between L vlPFC activity and measures indicative of hypomanic symptoms.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the predictive role of personality and gender in cognitive adaptability of entrepreneurs. By using the theories of personality development, social learning, situated cognition and meta-cognition, a logical relationship between personality traits, gender difference and entrepreneurs’ cognitive adaptability was established.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative strategy and cross-sectional survey method was then deployed to empirically investigate the purposed relationships between variables of interest. Randomly selected 443 working entrepreneurs responded to the survey.FindingsFactor analyzed structural equation modeling estimated cognitive adaptability as a second-order factor, with extroversion and neuroticism having a significant impact on cognitive adaptability. Multi-group moderation revealed a significant difference among females and males against the same two personality traits.Originality/valueThis study in its nature is the first attempt to link Big Five personality traits with cognitive adaptability of entrepreneurs.