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11 results on '"Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE)"'

1. Cutting Edge: mTORC1 Inhibition in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Negatively Affects Peripheral NK Cell Maturation and Number

Author

Olivier Tredan, Romaine Mayet, Magali Morelle, Benoit You, François Parant, Marine Villard, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Thomas Bachelot, Sébastien Viel, David Pérol, Emily Charrier, Yamila Rocca, Gwenaële Garin, Antoine Marçais, Laurie Besson, Pierre Heudel, Thierry Walzer, Benoîte Méry, Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), and Université de Lyon

Subjects
Adult, Immunology, Population, Cell, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, mTORC1, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Biology, mTORC2, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunophenotyping, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, Everolimus, Prospective Studies, Neoplasm Metastasis, education, Mechanistic target of rapamycin, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, Aged, Cell Proliferation, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Cell Differentiation, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Killer Cells, Natural, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cancer research, biology.protein, Female, France, Follow-Up Studies, Signal Transduction, 030215 immunology
Abstract

NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes displaying strong antimetastatic activity. Mouse models and in vitro studies suggest a prominent role of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase in the control of NK cell homeostasis and antitumor functions. However, mTOR inhibitors are used as chemotherapies in several cancer settings. The impact of such treatments on patients’ NK cells is unknown. We thus performed immunophenotyping of circulating NK cells from metastatic breast cancer patients treated with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus over a three-month period. Everolimus treatment resulted in inhibition of mTORC1 activity in peripheral NK cells, whereas mTORC2 activity was preserved. NK cell homeostasis was profoundly altered with a contraction of the NK cell pool and an overall decrease in their maturation. Phenotype and function of the remaining NK cell population was less affected. This is, to our knowledge, the first in vivo characterization of the role of mTOR in human NK cells.

Published
2021
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2. Shutdown policies and conflict worldwide

Author

Mathieu Couttenier, Nicolas Berman, Nathalie Monnet, Rohit Ticku, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), CEPR, Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), Université de Lyon, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies [Geneva, Switzerland] (Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement), Economics Department [European University Institute], European University Institute (EUI), Swiss National Research Foundation (grant Economics of Conflict and Violence P0GEP1-175125, Grant Land Concentration and Rural Poverty, 100018/178902, Financial support from the Institute for the Study of Religion, Economics and Society, Chapman University, ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016), ANR-20-COV4-0005,covidco,Confinement et conflit pendant la pandemie du Covid-19(2020), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Institute for the Study of Religion, Economics and Society, Chapman University, Nathalie Monnet acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Research Foundation (grant Economics of Conflict and Violence P0GEP1-175125 and grant Land Concentration and Rural Poverty, 100018/178902)., Rohit Ticku acknowledges financial support from the Institute for the Study of Religion, Economics and Society, Chapman University, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Lhuillier, Elisabeth, Aix-Marseille School of Economics - - AMSE (EUR)2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0020 - EURE - VALID, IDEXLYON - - IDEXLYON2016 - ANR-16-IDEX-0005 - IDEX - VALID, and Confinement et conflit pendant la pandemie du Covid-19 - - covidco2020 - ANR-20-COV4-0005 - COVID-19 - VALID

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Conflict, Shutdown, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus, Public policy, SARS CoV-2, Violence, Article, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook/E.E6.E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D74 - Conflict • Conflict Resolution • Alliances • Revolutions, 0502 economics and business, Development economics, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 050205 econometrics, Mobility, Mobilization, 05 social sciences, Authoritarianism, Polarization (politics), Event study, 16. Peace & justice, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ACL-1 / A, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics/J.J1.J18 - Public Policy, Business, Covid-19
Abstract

International audience; We provide evidence on the link between the policy response to the SARS CoV-2 pandemic and conflicts worldwide. We combine daily information on conflict events and government policy responses to limit the spread of SARS CoV-2 to study how demonstrations and violent events vary following shutdown policies. We use the staggered implementation of restriction policies across countries to identify the dynamic effects in an event study framework. Our results show that imposing a nation-wide shutdown is associated with a reduction in the number of demonstrations, which suggests that public demonstrations are hampered by the rising cost of participation. However, the reduction is short-lived, as the number of demonstrations are back to their pre-restriction levels in two months. In contrast, we observe that the purported increase in mobilization or coordination costs, following the imposition of restrictions, is not followed by a drop of violent events that involve organized armed groups. Instead, we find that the number of events, on average, increases slightly following the implementation of the restriction policies. The rise in violent events is most prominent in poorer countries, with higher levels of polarization, and in authoritarian countries. We discuss the potential channels underlying this heterogeneity.

Published
2022
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3. Sarcopenia and serum biomarkers of oxidative stress after a 6-month physical activity intervention in women with metastatic breast cancer: results from the ABLE feasibility trial

Author

Magali Morelle, Olivia Pérol, Armelle Dufresne, Christine M. Friedenreich, Damien Freyssenet, Vincent Pialoux, Lidia Delrieu, Olivier Tredan, Pierre-Etienne Heudel, Thomas Bachelot, Agnès Martin, Marina Touillaud, Amine Bouhamama, Olivia Febvey-Combes, Hugo Crochet, Béatrice Fervers, Frank Pilleul, Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), and Université de Lyon

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Sarcopenia, Physical activity, Breast Neoplasms, medicine.disease_cause, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Serum biomarkers, Internal medicine, Intervention (counseling), Medicine, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Exercise, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Skeletal muscle index, Toxicity, business.industry, Cancer, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Metastatic breast cancer, Clinical Trial, Oxidative Stress, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Feasibility Studies, Female, business, Oxidative stress, Biomarkers
Abstract

Purpose Sarcopenia has been identified as an important prognostic factor for patients with cancer. This study aimed at exploring the potential associations between a 6-month physical activity intervention and muscle characteristics, sarcopenia, oxidative stress and toxicities in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods Women newly diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (N = 49) participated in an unsupervised, personalized, 6-month physical activity intervention with activity tracker. Computerized tomography images at the third lumbar vertebra were analysed at baseline, three months and six months to assess sarcopenia (muscle mass index 2/m2) and muscle quality (poor if muscle attenuation Results At baseline 53% (mean age 55 years (SD 10.41)) were sarcopenic and 75% had poor muscle quality. Muscle cross sectional area, skeletal muscle radiodensity, lean body mass remained constant over the six months (p = 0.75, p = 0.07 and p = 0.75 respectively), but differed significantly between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients at baseline and 6-months. Sarcopenic patients at baseline were more likely to have an increase of MDA (p = 0.02) at 6 months. Being sarcopenic during at least one moment during the 6-month study was associated with a higher risk of developing severe toxicities (grade > 2) (p = 0.02). Conclusions This study suggests potential benefits of physical activity for maintenance of muscle mass. Sarcopenia can alter many parameters and disturb the pro and antioxidant balance.

Published
2021
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4. Impact of Physical Activity on Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer

Author

Magali Morelle, Christine M. Friedenreich, Olivia Pérol, Vincent Pialoux, Olivier Tredan, Lidia Delrieu, Béatrice Fervers, Armelle Dufresne, Thomas Bachelot, Agnès Martin, Pauline Mury, Marina Touillaud, Pierre-Etienne Heudel, Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), and Université de Lyon

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Adult, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Article Subject, Population, Breast Neoplasms, medicine.disease_cause, Protein oxidation, Biochemistry, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Lipid peroxidation, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, education, Exercise, Aged, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, NADPH oxidase, biology, QH573-671, business.industry, Glutathione peroxidase, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Metastatic breast cancer, 3. Good health, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Tumor progression, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Female, business, Cytology, Oxidative stress, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; Purpose. Regular physical activity (PA) can affect oxidative stress, known to be involved in carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between a six-month PA intervention and oxidative stress biomarkers, PA, and clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods. Forty-nine newly diagnosed patients with metastatic breast cancer were recruited for a single-arm, unsupervised, and personalized six-month walking intervention with activity tracker. PA level and PA fitness, plasma concentrations of DNA oxidation (8OhdG), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and protein oxidation (AOPP), plasma activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase, plasma and leucocyte activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), and clinical markers of tumor progression (RECIST criteria) were measured at baseline and after the six-month intervention. Results. GPX activity (+17%) and MDA (+9%) significantly increased between baseline and the end of the intervention. Changes in PA level and fitness were significantly positively correlated with changes in plasma GPX and significantly negatively with changes in NOX in the leucocytes. Plasma MDA was significantly higher (+20%) whereas plasma AOPP was lower (-46%) for patients with tumor progression or that died during the six months as compared to patients without progression. Conclusion. A six-month PA intervention may be potentially beneficial in metastatic breast cancer patients for enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and decreasing prooxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, AOPP and MDA could also be favorable and unfavorable biomarkers, respectively, since they are associated with disease progression and fitness level in this population. This trial is registered with NCT number: NCT03148886.

Published
2021
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5. Effects of an Exercise and Nutritional Intervention on Circulating Biomarkers and Metabolomic Profiling During Adjuvant Treatment for Localized Breast Cancer: Results From the PASAPAS Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Vincent Pialoux, Olivier Tredan, Béatrice Fervers, Lidia Delrieu, Adrien Rossary, Florence Caldefie-Chezet, Bénédicte Elena-Herrmann, Agnès Martin, Elodie Jobard, Olivia Febvey-Combes, Marina Touillaud, Magali Morelle, Houda Boumaza, Sophie E. Berthouze, Aude-Marie Foucaut, Marie-Paule Vasson, Patrick Bachmann, ISA NMR Methods for Metabolism - Methodes RMN en métabolomique (2014-2018), Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire Educations et Pratiques de Santé (LEPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), Département cancer environnement (Centre Léon Bérard - Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement [Lyon] (Inserm UA8), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Elena-Herrmann, Bénédicte, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Ad Hoc INSERM 000008 'Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement' [Lyon] (Inserm U1296), and Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Service de Santé des Armées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical exercise, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, chemotherapy, lcsh:RC254-282, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, breast cancer, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Medicine, Aerobic exercise, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Adiponectin, exercise, business.industry, Leptin, biomarkers, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, medicine.disease, metabolomics, Physical activity level, 3. Good health, Exercise Therapy, Complementary and alternative medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Exercise and Cancer Treatment, Ceiling effect, Feasibility Studies, Female, business, Research Article
Abstract

Purpose: Exercise has been shown to improve physical and psychological conditions during cancer therapy, but mechanisms remain poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to report the results of cancer-related biomarkers and metabolomics outcomes from the PASAPAS feasibility study. Methods: In the PASAPAS randomized controlled trial, 61 women beginning adjuvant chemotherapy for localized breast cancer were randomized in a 6-month program of weekly aerobic exercises associated with nutritional counseling versus usual care with nutritional counseling. In the present analysis of 58 women for whom blood samples were available, first, circulating levels of biomarkers (ie, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, estradiol, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α) were measured at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Changes in biomarkers were compared between exercisers (n = 40) and controls (n = 18) using mixed-effect models. Second, serum metabolites were studied using an untargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and orthogonal partial least squares analyses were performed to discriminate exercisers and controls at baseline and at 6 months. Results: Over the 6-month intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed between exercisers and controls regarding changes in biomarkers and metabolomic profiles. Conclusion: The present analysis of the PASAPAS feasibility trial did not reveal any improvement in circulating biomarkers nor identified metabolic signatures in exercisers versus controls during adjuvant breast cancer treatment. Larger studies preferably in women with poor physical activity level to avoid ceiling effect, testing different doses and types of exercise on additional biological pathways, could allow to clarify the mechanisms mediating beneficial effects of physical exercise during cancer treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01331772. Registered 8 April 2011, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01331772?term=pasapas&rank=1

Published
2021
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6. Impacts of a French Urban Renewal Program on Local Housing Markets

Author

Sylvain Chareyron, Lucie Letrouit, Florence Goffette-Nagot, Bauer, Caroline, Dao, Taï, Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique (ERUDITE), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Travail, Emploi et Politiques Publiques (TEPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), Université de Lyon, Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail (AME-SPLOTT ), Université Gustave Eiffel, École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cadic, Ifsttar

Subjects
JEL: R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics/R.R2 - Household Analysis/R.R2.R21 - Housing Demand, Labour economics, Launched, urban renewal, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D62 - Externalities, Social issues, JEL: R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics/R.R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location/R.R3.R31 - Housing Supply and Markets, Treatment and control groups, housing prices, Social profile, difference-in-differences, 0502 economics and business, 050207 economics, difference-indifferences, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Place-based policies, Estimation, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, housing spillovers, 050208 finance, Poverty, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H23 - Externalities • Redistributive Effects • Environmental Taxes and Subsidies, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Estimator, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Business, [SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Database transaction
Abstract

Urban renewal programs have been implemented in many countries to fight housing decay, poverty concentration, and associated social ills in the last decades. In this paper, we propose an evaluation of a large-scale urban renewal program launched in France in 2004. Using a novel estimator aimed at avoiding bias in the estimation of treatment effects heterogeneous across treatment groups or time periods, and complementing its results with a more precise double fixed effects difference-in-differences estimator, we find no significant effect of the program on housing values and transaction volume. However, we do find a significant impact on the social profile of housing buyers and sellers: an increased number of upward transitions of housing units, from blue-collar sellers to intermediate category buyers or from intermediate category sellers to executive buyers, and reduced housing transactions among executives. Altogether, our findings suggest a renewed interest of upper socio-professional categories to invest or keep their property in the renovated neighborhoods.

Published
2020

7. Calculer le bilan Carbone de votre parc informatique avec EcoDiag, un service EcoInfo

Author

Béatrice Montbroussous, Jonathan SCHAEFFER, Gabriel Moreau, Francoise Berthoud, Gabrielle Feltin, Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), Université de Lyon, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), EcoInfo - CNRS GDS 3524, Grenoble Alpes Recherche-Infrastructure de CAlcul intensif et de Données (GRICAD), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), RENATER, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Impact environnemental, Continuous improvement, Bilan carbone, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Material footprint, Inventory, Inventaire, Carbon footprint, Environmental impact, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer park, [INFO.INFO-CY]Computer Science [cs]/Computers and Society [cs.CY], Parc informatique, Computers and Society (cs.CY), Diagnosis, Bilan matériaux, Évaluation, Mots-clefs Impact environnemental, Amélioration continue, Bonnes pratiques, Diagnostic, Evaluation
Abstract

You hear a lot about environmental issues, you may have initiated positive personal attitudes, you have a group will in your unit, and you are wondering about the environmental impact of digital technology in your professional environment...EcoDiag is here for you!The CNRS EcoInfo GDS has found that assessing the environmental impacts of digital technology is complex and can discourage the best will, which is why we offer you a simple and effective method to estimate the carbon footprint of your fleet through this new service based on our experience. We chose an indicator that everyone could understand: CO2e emissions (CO2e equivalent). Based on an inventory of the digital services used and the unit's computer equipment, our methodology and expertise will allow you to establish a global estimate of GHG emissions. This evaluation will be accompanied by recommendations and resources (sheets, guide, material) to integrate this work into a Hc{\'e}res-type report or use them as part of a more global carbon assessment for your structure. The provision of advice will allow you to post a policy to reduce GHG emissions generated by digital technology in the following years!Meet us in front of the poster to discover and leave with our tool for assessing the environmental impacts of your unit's digital activities. You will have the tools and a recommendation guide to control and reduce these impacts in a continuous improvement process. Concrete examples from two units will illustrate our approach and demonstrate the ease of use of the EcoDiag service., Comment: in French

Published
2019

8. Calculate the carbon footprint of your IT assets with EcoDiag, an EcoInfo service

Author

Montbroussous, Béatrice, Schaeffer, Jonathan, Moreau, Gabriel, Berthoud, Francoise, Feltin, Gabrielle, Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), Université de Lyon, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), EcoInfo - CNRS GDS 3524, Grenoble Alpes Recherche-Infrastructure de CAlcul intensif et de Données (GRICAD), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), RENATER, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Impact environnemental, Continuous improvement, Bilan carbone, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Material footprint, Inventory, Inventaire, Carbon footprint, Environmental impact, Computer park, [INFO.INFO-CY]Computer Science [cs]/Computers and Society [cs.CY], Parc informatique, Diagnosis, Bilan matériaux, Évaluation, Mots-clefs Impact environnemental, Amélioration continue, Bonnes pratiques, Diagnostic, Evaluation
Abstract

International audience; You hear a lot about environmental issues, you may have initiated positive personal attitudes, you have a group will in your unit, and you are wondering about the environmental impact of digital technology in your professional environment...EcoDiag is here for you!The CNRS EcoInfo GDS has found that assessing the environmental impacts of digital technology is complex and can discourage the best will, which is why we offer you a simple and effective method to estimate the carbon footprint of your fleet through this new service based on our experience. We chose an indicator that everyone could understand: CO2e emissions (CO2e equivalent). Based on an inventory of the digital services used and the unit's computer equipment, our methodology and expertise will allow you to establish a global estimate of GHG emissions. This evaluation will be accompanied by recommendations and resources (sheets, guide, material) to integrate this work into a Hcéres-type report or use them as part of a more global carbon assessment for your structure. The provision of advice will allow you to post a policy to reduce GHG emissions generated by digital technology in the following years!Meet us in front of the poster to discover and leave with our tool for assessing the environmental impacts of your unit's digital activities. You will have the tools and a recommendation guide to control and reduce these impacts in a continuous improvement process. Concrete examples from two units will illustrate our approach and demonstrate the ease of use of the EcoDiag service.; Vous entendez beaucoup parler des problématiques environnementales, vous avez peut-être initié des attitudes positives personnelles, vous avez une volonté de groupe dans votre unité, et vous vous interrogez sur l'impact environnemental du numérique de votre milieu professionnel...EcoDiag est là pour vous !Le GDS EcoInfo du CNRS a fait le constat que l'évaluation des impacts environnementaux du numérique est complexe et peut décourager les meilleures volontés, c'est pourquoi nous vous proposons une méthode simple et efficace pour estimer le bilan carbone de votre parc au travers de ce nouveau service basé sur notre expérience. Nous avons choisi un indicateur compréhensible par tous : les émissions de CO2e (Équivalent CO2). À partir d'un inventaire des services numériques utilisés et des matériels informatiques de l'unité, notre méthodologie et notre expertise vous permettront d'établir une estimation globale des émissions de GES. Cette évaluation sera accompagnée de préconisations et de ressources (fiches, guide, matériel) pour intégrer ce travail dans un rapport type Hcéres ou les utiliser dans le cadre d'un bilan carbone plus global à votre structure. L'apport de conseils vous permettra d'afficher une politique de réduction des GES générés par le numérique dans les années suivantes !Retrouvez nous devant le poster pour découvrir et repartir avec notre outil d'évaluation des impacts environnementaux des activités numériques de votre unité. Vous aurez les ficelles et un guide de préconisation pour maîtriser et diminuer ces impacts dans une démarche d'amélioration continue. Des exemples concrets réalisés dans deux unités illustreront notre démarche et vous démontreront la facilité d'utilisation du service EcoDiag.

Published
2019

9. Is globalisation taking away jobs? An empirical assessment for advanced economies

Author

Lòpez-Villavicencio, Antonia, Reyes Ortiz, Luis Antonio, Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord (CEPN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), Université de Lyon, Agence française de développement (AFD), and Reyes Ortiz, Luis Antonio

Subjects
Unemployment, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models • Multiple Variables/C.C3.C33 - Panel Data Models • Spatio-temporal Models, Panel Data Models, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Macroeconomic Impacts of Globalisation, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
Abstract

We empirically investigate the link between economic globalisation and unemployment for a sample of 20 OECD countries over the 1981-2013 period. Controlling for the usual determinants of unemployment, our results show that unemployment is related in a complex way to global economic factors. Specifically , we show that outflows of foreign direct investment and restrictions reduce the unemployment rate, whereas capital account openness raises it. We also find that the standard trade openness measure does not explain unemployment in advanced economies. Finally, the increase in the share of China's imports is not to be blamed for slack in Western labour markets. JEL Classification: E24, F62, C33.

Published
2018

10. Overestimation of moderate carotid stenosis assessed by both Doppler US and contrast enhanced 3D-MR angiography in the CARMEDAS study

Author

A. Pasco-Papon, Jean-Yves Gauvrit, Jean Michel Serfaty, Philippe Douek, Michel Nonent, J.-O. Fortrat, X. Papon, Valérie Buthion, C. Pachai, Y. Le Bras, A Badra, Luc Bressollette, D. Ben Salem, J.-P. Cottier, C. Rotaru, Jérôme Berge, Pierre Gouny, Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Département de radiologie [Brest] (DR - Brest), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Département de Radiologie [Bichat] (DR- Bichat), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), Université de Lyon, Département de Neuro-Radiologie [Angers] (DNR - Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie [Brest] (DMIP - Brest), Département de Chirurgie Vasculaire [Angers] (DCV - Angers), Bioclinica SAS (B SAS), Bioclinica SAS, Département d'Angiologie [Angers] (DA - Angers), Service de chirurgie thoracique et cardio vasculaire [Brest] (CCTV - Brest), Département de Neuro-Radiologie [Bordeaux] (DNR - Bordeaux), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Département de Radiologie [Niort] (DR - Niort), CH Niort, Vision, Action et Gestion d'informations en Santé (VisAGeS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAUX ET IMAGES NUMÉRIQUES, ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de radiologie et imagerie médicale [Rennes] = Radiology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Imagerie et modélisation Vasculaires, Thoraciques et Cérébrales (MOTIVATE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon)

Subjects
Male, Contrast Media, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic resonance angiography, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Carotid Stenosis, Contrast (vision), Carotid Stenosis, media_common, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Middle Aged, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, Predictive value of tests, cardiovascular system, Female, Radiology, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH: Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Predictive Value of Tests, MESH: Contrast Media, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Mr angiography, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Digital subtraction angiography, medicine.disease, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Male, Stenosis, Angiography, MESH: Ultrasonography, Doppler, Neurology (clinical), Doppler ultrasound, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; PURPOSE: To evaluate the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA), Doppler ultrasound (DUS) and Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the assessment of carotid stenosis. METHODS: DUS, CE-MRA and DSA were performed in 56 patients included in the Carotide-angiographie par résonance magnétique-échographie-doppler-angioscanner (CARMEDAS) multicenter study with a carotid stenosis ≥ 50%. Three readers evaluated stenoses on CE-MRA and DSA (NASCET criteria). Velocities criteria were used for stenosis estimation on DUS. RESULTS: CE-MRA had a sensitivity and specificity of 96-98% and 66-83% respectively for carotid stenoses ≥ 50% and a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 76-84% respectively for carotid stenoses ≥ 70%. The interobserver agreement of CE-MRA was excellent, except for moderate stenoses (50-69%). DUS had a sensitivity and specificity of 88 and 75% respectively for carotid stenoses ≥ 50% and a sensitivity and specificity of 83 and 86% respectively for carotid stenoses ≥ 70%. Combined concordant CE-MRA and DUS had a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 85-90% respectively for carotid stenoses ≥ 50% and a sensitivity and specificity of 96-100% and 80-87% respectively for carotid stenoses ≥ 70%. The positive predictive value of the association CE-MRA and DUS for carotid stenoses ≥ 70% is calculated between 77 and 82% while the negative predictive value is calculated between 97 and 100%. CE-MRA and DUS have concordant findings in 63-72%, and the overestimations cases were recorded only for carotid stenosis ≤ 69%. CONCLUSION: Combined DUS-CE-MRA is excellent for evaluation of severe stenosis but remains debatable in moderate stenosis (50-69%) due to the risk of overestimations.

Published
2011
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11. The pros and cons of higher transparency : the case of speculative attacks

Author

Camille Cornand, Jean-Pierre Allegret, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Financial Market Group R 410, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dao, Taï, Health System Analysis Laboratory (GATE), Université de Lyon, and Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)

Subjects
jel:D81, Speculative attack, jel:D83, Transparency, public and private information, speculative attack, coordination games, common knowledge, connaissance commune, Common knowledge, transparence, Discount points, Transparency, information publique et privée, Microeconomics, public and private info, Exchange rate, Order (exchange), 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, Positive economics, Architecture, Coordination games, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Transparency,Public and private information,Speculative attack,Coordination games,Common knowledge, 050205 econometrics, jel:D70, common knowledge,public and private info,speculative attack,transparency,attaque spéculative,connaissance commune,information publique et privée,transparence, Public and private information, Welfare economics, cons, 05 social sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Transparency (behavior), Speculative attacks, Transparency (graphic), Imperfect, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, attaque spéculative
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to evaluate to what extent more transparency can reduce the occurrence of speculative attacks. It proposes a survey of the literature about the pros and cons of transparency on the exchange rate market, which is one of the main pillars of the new international financial architecture. The effects of transparency are shown to be ambiguous both from a theoretical and empirical point of views. However, the imperfect connection resulting from the confrontation between theory and empirics suggests that some new insights are necessary in order to better catch stylised facts on the one hand and to better evaluate the theory on the other, as has been done in recent literature. This leads to new proposals for economic and informational policies., Cet article analyse dans quelle mesure une transparence informationnelle plus élevée réduit la probabilité d'attaque spéculative. La transparence est devenue l'un des piliers de la nouvelle architecture du système financier international proposée par les institutions internationales après les crises de change des années 90. L'article propose une recension de la littérature permettant d'identifier les arguments favorables et défavorables à une transparence accrue. On montre que les effets d'une plus grande transparence sont ambigus, et ce, à la fois d'un point de vue théorique et empirique. Cependant, l'imparfaite concordance entre les conclusions théoriques et les résultats empiriques nous conduit à proposer de nouveaux cadres informationnels, tels qu'ils découlent de la littérature la plus récente, afin, d'une part, de mieux rendre compte des faits stylisés et, d'autre part, de mieux évaluer les théories sous-jacentes.

Published
2006
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