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3. IARC monographs: 40 years of evaluating carcinogenic hazards to humans.

Author

Pearce, Neil, Blair, Aaron, Vineis, Paolo, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Andersen, Aage, Anto, Josep M, Armstrong, Bruce K, Baccarelli, Andrea A, Beland, Frederick A, Berrington, Amy, Bertazzi, Pier Alberto, Birnbaum, Linda S, Brownson, Ross C, Bucher, John R, Cantor, Kenneth P, Cardis, Elisabeth, Cherrie, John W, Christiani, David C, Cocco, Pierluigi, Coggon, David, Comba, Pietro, Demers, Paul A, Dement, John M, Douwes, Jeroen, Eisen, Ellen A, Engel, Lawrence S, Fenske, Richard A, Fleming, Lora E, Fletcher, Tony, Fontham, Elizabeth, Forastiere, Francesco, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Fritschi, Lin, Gerin, Michel, Goldberg, Marcel, Grandjean, Philippe, Grimsrud, Tom K, Gustavsson, Per, Haines, Andy, Hartge, Patricia, Hansen, Johnni, Hauptmann, Michael, Heederik, Dick, Hemminki, Kari, Hemon, Denis, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Hoppin, Jane A, Huff, James, Jarvholm, Bengt, Kang, Daehee, Karagas, Margaret R, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Kjuus, Helge, Kogevinas, Manolis, Kriebel, David, Kristensen, Petter, Kromhout, Hans, Laden, Francine, Lebailly, Pierre, LeMasters, Grace, Lubin, Jay H, Lynch, Charles F, Lynge, Elsebeth, 't Mannetje, Andrea, McMichael, Anthony J, McLaughlin, John R, Marrett, Loraine, Martuzzi, Marco, Merchant, James A, Merler, Enzo, Merletti, Franco, Miller, Anthony, Mirer, Franklin E, Monson, Richard, Nordby, Karl-Cristian, Olshan, Andrew F, Parent, Marie-Elise, Perera, Frederica P, Perry, Melissa J, Pesatori, Angela Cecilia, Pirastu, Roberta, Porta, Miquel, Pukkala, Eero, Rice, Carol, Richardson, David B, Ritter, Leonard, Ritz, Beate, Ronckers, Cecile M, Rushton, Lesley, Rusiecki, Jennifer A, Rusyn, Ivan, Samet, Jonathan M, Sandler, Dale P, de Sanjose, Silvia, Schernhammer, Eva, Costantini, Adele Seniori, Seixas, Noah, Shy, Carl, Siemiatycki, Jack, and Silverman, Debra T

Subjects
Humans, Neoplasms, Carcinogens, Environmental, Public Health, Biomedical Research, Publications, International Agencies, Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Toxicology
Abstract

BackgroundRecently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans.ObjectivesThe authors of this Commentary are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We examined criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. Here, we present the results of that examination, review the history of IARC evaluations, and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed.DiscussionWe concluded that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various disciplines and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed.ConclusionsThe IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public's health.

Published
2015

16. Road Traffic and Childhood Leukemia: The ESCALE Study (SFCE)

Author

Amigou, Alicia, Sermage-Faure, Claire, Orsi, Laurent, Leverger, Guy, Baruchel, André, Bertrand, Yves, Nelken, Brigitte, Robert, Alain, Michel, Gérard, Margueritte, Geneviève, Perel, Yves, Mechinaud, Françoise, Bordigoni, Pierre, Hémon, Denis, and Clavel, Jacqueline

Published
2011

35. Leukaemia near La Hague Nuclear Plant

Author

Clavel, Jacqueline, Hémon, Denis, Law, Graham, Roman, Eve, Wakeford, Richard, Barton, Carol, Ryder, Hilary, Hesse-Honegger, Cornelia, and Viel, Jean-François

Published
1997

37. Residential exposure to natural background radiation and risk of childhood acute leukemia in France, 1990-2009

Author

Demoury, Claire, Marquant, Fabienne, lelsch, Geraldine, Goujon, Stephanie, Debayle, Christophe, Faure, Laure, Coste, Astrid, Laurent, Olivier, Guillevic, Jerome, Laurier, Dominique, Hemon, Denis, and Clavel, Jacqueline

Subjects
Radiation (Physics) -- Health aspects -- Research, Acute leukemia -- Risk factors -- Research, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exposures to high-dose ionizing radiation and high-dose rate ionizing radiation are established risk factors for childhood acute leukemia (AL). The risk of AL following exposure to lower doses due to natural background radiation (NBR) has yet to be conclusively determined. METHODS: AL cases diagnosed over 1990-2009 (9,056 cases) were identified and their municipality of residence at diagnosis collected by the National Registry of Childhood Cancers. The Geocap study, which included the 2,763 cases in 2002-2007 and 30,000 population controls, was used for complementary analyses. NBR exposures were modeled on a fine scale (36,326 municipalities) based on measurement campaigns and geological data. The power to detect an association between AL and dose to the red bone marrow (RBM) fitting UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) predictions was 92%, 45% and 99% for exposure to natural gamma radiation, radon and total radiation, respectively. RESULTS: AL risk, irrespective of subtype and age group, was not associated with the exposure of municipalities to radon or gamma radiation in terms of yearly exposure at age reached, cumulative exposure or RBM dose. There was no confounding effect of census-based socio-demographic indicators, or environmental factors (road traffic, high voltage power lines, vicinity of nuclear plants) related to AL in the Geocap study. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that residential exposure to NBR increases the risk of AL, despite the large size of the study, fine scale exposure estimates and wide range of exposures over France. However, our results at the time of diagnosis do not rule out a slight association with gamma radiation at the time of birth, which would be more in line with the recent findings in the UK and Switzerland., Introduction Ionizing radiation is an established risk factor for childhood acute leukemia (AL). This has been demonstrated by several studies, including the follow-up of survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki [...]

Published
2017
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38. Household exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood hematopoietic malignancies: the ESCALE study (SFCE)

Author

Rudant, Jeremie, Menegaux, Florence, Leverger, Guy, Baruchel, Andre, Nelken, Brigitte, Bertrand, Yves, Patte, Catherine, Pacquement, Helene, Verite, Cecile, Robert, Alain, Michel, Gerard, Margueritte, Genevieve, Gandemer, Virginie, Hemon, Denis, and Clavel, Jacqueline

Subjects
Pesticides -- Health aspects, Hematopoiesis -- Abnormalities, Hematopoiesis -- Research, Cancer in children -- Research, Cancer in children -- Risk factors
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the role of household exposure to pesticides in the etiology of childhood hematopoietic malignancies. METHODS: The national registry-based case--control study ESCALE (Etude sur les cancers de l'enfant) was carried out in France over the period 2003-2004. Population controls were frequency matched with the cases on age and sex. Maternal household use of pesticides during pregnancy and paternal use during pregnancy or childhood were reported by the mothers in a structured telephone questionnaire. Insecticides (used at home, on pets, or for garden crops), herbicides, and fungicides were distinguished. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) using unconditional regression models closely adjusting for age, sex, degree of urbanization, and type of housing (flat or house). RESULTS: We included a total of 764 cases of acute leukemia (AL), 130 of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 166 of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 1,681 controls. Insecticide use during pregnancy was significantly associated with childhood AL [OR = 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-2.5], both lymphoblastic and myeloblastic, NHL (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.6), mainly for Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6-4.5), and mixed-cell HL (OR = 4.1; 95% CI, 1.4-11.8), but not nodular sclerosis HL (OR = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.6-1.9). Paternal household use of pesticides was also related to AL (OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8) and NHL (OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6); but for AL the relationships did not remain after adjustment for maternal pesticide use during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The study findings strengthen the hypothesis that domestic use of pesticides may play a role in the etiology of childhood hematopoietic malignancies. The consistency of the findings with those of previous studies on AL raises the question of the advisability of preventing pesticide use by pregnant women. KEY WORDS: acute leukemia, children, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pesticide, pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect 115:1787-1793 (2007). doi:10.1289/ehp.10596 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 25 September 2007], Hematopoietic malignancies are the most common childhood cancers, with world age-standardized incidence rates of 43.1, 6.7, and 8.9 per million children in France for leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and non-Hodgkin [...]

Published
2007

42. Cancer risk among workers in biomedical research

Author

Cordier, Sylvaine, Mousel, Marie-Laurence, Le Goaster, Corinne, Gachelin, Gabriel, Le Moual, Nicole, Mandereau, Laurence, Carrat, Fabrice, Michaud, Gérard, and Hemon, Denis

Published
1995

48. IARC Monographs: 40 Years of Evaluating Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans

Author

Pearce, Neil Blair, Aaron Vineis, Paolo Ahrens, Wolfgang and Andersen, Aage Anto, Josep M. Armstrong, Bruce K. and Baccarelli, Andrea A. Beland, Frederick A. Berrington, Amy and Bertazzi, Pier Alberto Birnbaum, Linda S. Brownson, Ross C. and Bucher, John R. Cantor, Kenneth P. Cardis, Elisabeth and Cherrie, John W. Christiani, David C. Cocco, Pierluigi and Coggon, David Comba, Pietro Demers, Paul A. Dement, John M. and Douwes, Jeroen Eisen, Ellen A. Engel, Lawrence S. and Fenske, Richard A. Fleming, Lora E. Fletcher, Tony Fontham, Elizabeth Forastiere, Francesco Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer and Fritschi, Lin Gerin, Michel Goldberg, Marcel Grandjean, Philippe Grimsrud, Tom K. Gustavsson, Per Haines, Andy and Hartge, Patricia Hansen, Johnni Hauptmann, Michael Heederik, Dick Hemminki, Kari Hemon, Denis Hertz-Picciotto, Irva and Hoppin, Jane A. Huff, James Jarvholm, Bengt Kang, Daehee and Karagas, Margaret R. Kjaerheim, Kristina Kjuus, Helge and Kogevinas, Manolis Kriebel, David Kristensen, Petter and Kromhout, Hans Laden, Francine Lebailly, Pierre LeMasters, Grace Lubin, Jay H. Lynch, Charles F. Lynge, Elsebeth and Mannetje, Andrea `t McMichael, Anthony J. McLaughlin, John R. and Marrett, Loraine Martuzzi, Marco Merchant, James A. and Merler, Enzo Merletti, Franco Miller, Anthony Mirer, Franklin E. Monson, Richard Nordby, Karl-Cristian Olshan, Andrew F. Parent, Marie-Elise Perera, Frederica P. Perry, Melissa J. Pesatori, Angela Cecilia Pirastu, Roberta Porta, Miquel Pukkala, Eero Rice, Carol Richardson, David B. and Ritter, Leonard Ritz, Beate Ronckers, Cecile M. Rushton, Lesley Rusiecki, Jennifer A. Rusyn, Ivan Samet, Jonathan M. and Sandler, Dale P. de Sanjose, Silvia Schernhammer, Eva and Costantini, Adele Seniori Seixas, Noah Shy, Carl and Siemiatycki, Jack Silverman, Debra T. Simonato, Lorenzo and Smith, Allan H. Smith, Martyn T. Spinelli, John J. Spitz, Margaret R. Stallones, Lorann Stayner, Leslie T. Steenland, Kyle Stenzel, Mark Stewart, Bernard W. Stewart, Patricia A. and Symanski, Elaine Terracini, Benedetto Tolbert, Paige E. and Vainio, Harri Vena, John Vermeulen, Roel Victora, Cesar G. and Ward, Elizabeth M. Weinberg, Clarice R. Weisenburger, Dennis and Wesseling, Catharina Weiderpass, Elisabete Zahm, Shelia Hoar

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans. OBJECTIVES: The authors of this Commentary are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We examined criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. Here, we present the results of that examination, review the history of IARC evaluations, and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed. DISCUSSION: We concluded that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various disciplines and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed. CONCLUSIONS: The IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public’s health.

Published
2015

49. IARC Monographs : 40 Years of Evaluating Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans

Author

Pearce, Neil E, Blair, Aaron, Vineis, Paolo, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Andersen, Aage, Anto, Josep M, Armstrong, Bruce K, Baccarelli, Andrea A, Beland, Frederick A, Berrington, Amy, Bertazzi, Pier A, Birnbaum, Linda S, Brownson, Ross C, Bucher, John R, Cantor, Kenneth P, Cardis, Elisabeth, Cherrie, John W, Christiani, David C, Cocco, Pierluigi, Coggon, David, Comba, Pietro, Demers, Paul A, Dement, John M, Douwes, Jeroen, Eisen, Ellen A, Engel, Lawrence S, Fenske, Richard A, Fleming, Lora E, Fletcher, Tony, Fontham, Elizabeth, Forastiere, Francesco, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Fritschi, Lin, Gerin, Michel, Goldberg, Marcel, Grandjean, Philippe, Grimsrud, Tom K, Gustavsson, Per, Haines, Andy, Hartge, Patricia, Hansen, Johnni, Hauptmann, Michael, Heederik, Dick, Hemminki, Kari, Hemon, Denis, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Hoppin, Jane A, Huff, James, Jarvholm, Bengt, Kang, Daehee, Karagas, Margaret R, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Kjuus, Helge, Kogevinas, Manolis, Kriebel, David, Kristensen, Petter, Kromhout, Hans, Laden, Francine, Lebailly, Pierre, LeMasters, Grace, Lubin, Jay H, Lynch, Charles F, Lynge, Elsebeth, 't Mannetje, Andrea, McMichael, Anthony J, McLaughlin, John R, Marrett, Loraine, Martuzzi, Marco, Merchant, James A, Merler, Enzo, Merletti, Franco, Miller, Anthony, Mirer, Franklin E, Monson, Richard, Nordby, Karl-Kristian, Olshan, Andrew F, Parent, Marie-Elise, Perera, Frederica P, Perry, Melissa J, Pesatori, Angela C, Pirastu, Roberta, Porta, Miquel, Pukkala, Eero, Rice, Carol, Richardson, David B, Ritter, Leonard, Ritz, Beate, Ronckers, Cecile M, Rushton, Lesley, Rusiecki, Jennifer A, Rusyn, Ivan, Samet, Jonathan M, Sandler, Dale P, de Sanjose, Silvia, Schernhammer, Eva, Seniori Constantini, Adele, Seixas, Noah, Shy, Carl, Siemiatycki, Jack, Silvermann, Debra T, Simonato, Lorenzo, Smith, Allan H, Smith, Martyn T, Spinelli, John J, Spitz, Margaret R, Stallones, Lorann, Stayner, Leslie T, Steenland, Kyle, Stenzel, Mark, Stewart, Bernard W, Stewart, Patricia A, Symanski, Elaine, Terracini, Benedetto, Tolbert, Paige E, Vainio, Harri, Vena, John, Vermeulen, Roel, Victora, Cesar G, Ward, Elizabeth M, Weinberg, Clarice R, Weisenburger, Dennis, Wesseling, Catharina, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Zahm, Shelia H, Risk Assessment, Infection & Immunity, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), CCA -Cancer Center Amsterdam, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Paediatric Oncology, The University of Sydney, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Paris (UP), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Movement Disorders and Tourette Centre, Rockefeller University [New York], Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Plymouth University, Siemens [New York], Siemens AG [Munich], Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Rockefeller University, Risk Assessment, Infection & Immunity, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), The University of Sydney [Sydney], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité ( CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology ( CREAL ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Institut Armand Frappier ( INRS-IAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] ( INRS ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Armand Frappier, Rockefeller University, New York, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal ( CRCHUM ), and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics ( MEB )

Subjects
Pathology, Biomedical Research, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 05 Environmental Sciences, Toxicology, MESH: Carcinogens, Environmental, 0302 clinical medicine, CANCER-EPIDEMIOLOGY, Neoplasms, Epidemiology of cancer, PLEA, PROGRAM, Medicine, MESH: Neoplasms, Càncer, health care economics and organizations, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Cancer, 0303 health sciences, Publications, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, MESH : Publications, POLICY, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, PUBLIC-HEALTH, Public Health, MESH: Public Health, MESH : Biomedical Research, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, International agency, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Public Health, education, MESH : International Agencies, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, macromolecular substances, MESH: Publications, MESH : Carcinogens, Environmental, MESH: International Agencies, 03 medical and health sciences, Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin, ADHERENCE, Environmental health, Humans, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700, 030304 developmental biology, Science & Technology, MESH: Humans, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, MESH: Biomedical Research, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, RECIPE, International Agencies, PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING SCIENCE, Occupational Health and Environmental Health, MESH : Neoplasms, Carcinogens, Environmental, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700, Commentary, business, FALSE, Cancerígens, Environmental Sciences, EPIDEMIOLOGIC ENTERPRISE
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans.OBJECTIVES: The authors of this Commentary are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We examined criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. Here, we present the results of that examination, review the history of IARC evaluations, and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed.DISCUSSION: We concluded that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various disciplines and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed.CONCLUSIONS: The IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public's health.CITATION: Pearce N, Blair A, Vineis P, Ahrens W, Andersen A, Anto JM, Armstrong BK, Baccarelli AA, Beland FA, Berrington A, Bertazzi PA, Birnbaum LS, Brownson RC, Bucher JR, Cantor KP, Cardis E, Cherrie JW, Christiani DC, Cocco P, Coggon D, Comba P, Demers PA, Dement JM, Douwes J, Eisen EA, Engel LS, Fenske RA, Fleming LE, Fletcher T, Fontham E, Forastiere F, Frentzel-Beyme R, Fritschi L, Gerin M, Goldberg M, Grandjean P, Grimsrud TK, Gustavsson P, Haines A, Hartge P, Hansen J, Hauptmann M, Heederik D, Hemminki K, Hemon D, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hoppin JA, Huff J, Jarvholm B, Kang D, Karagas MR, Kjaerheim K, Kjuus H, Kogevinas M, Kriebel D, Kristensen P, Kromhout H, Laden F, Lebailly P, LeMasters G, Lubin JH, Lynch CF, Lynge E, 't Mannetje A, McMichael AJ, McLaughlin JR, Marrett L, Martuzzi M, Merchant JA, Merler E, Merletti F, Miller A, Mirer FE, Monson R, Nordby KC, Olshan AF, Parent ME, Perera FP, Perry MJ, Pesatori AC, Pirastu R, Porta M, Pukkala E, Rice C, Richardson DB, Ritter L, Ritz B, Ronckers CM, Rushton L, Rusiecki JA, Rusyn I, Samet JM, Sandler DP, de Sanjose S, Schernhammer E, Seniori Costantini A, Seixas N, Shy C, Siemiatycki J, Silverman DT, Simonato L, Smith AH, Smith MT, Spinelli JJ, Spitz MR, Stallones L, Stayner LT, Steenland K, Stenzel M, Stewart BW, Stewart PA, Symanski E, Terracini B, Tolbert PE, Vainio H, Vena J, Vermeulen R, Victora CG, Ward EM, Weinberg CR, Weisenburger D, Wesseling C, Weiderpass E, Zahm SH. 2015. IARC Monographs: 40 years of evaluating carcinogenic hazards to humans. Environ Health Perspect 123:507-514; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409149.

Published
2015

50. Exposure to natural background radiation and association with childhood leukemia incidence in France 1990-2007

Author

Laurier Dominique, Guillevic Jérôme, Clavel Jacqueline, Ielsch Géraldine, Demoury Claire, Hemon Denis, and Ancelet Sophie

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute leukemia, Childhood leukemia, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Cancer, macromolecular substances, medicine.disease, Ionizing radiation, Internal medicine, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Observational study, business, General Environmental Science, Background radiation
Abstract

Background Several observational studies have reported associations between childhood acute leukemia and exposure to natural background radiation (NBR), but literature on low-dose ionizing radiatio...

Published
2013

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