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This study aimed to determine the influence of the outdoor education learning models and mental toughness on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels. A quasi-experimental method was used, employing a 2x2 factorial design. The 2x2 factorial design in this study involved two learning models: the TGT (Team Games Tournament) and STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division), along with two levels of mental toughness: high and low. The sample consisted of 80 students from Jakarta State University, enrolled in recreational sports courses. The subjects in this study were given the TGT and STAD learning models over a period of 9 weeks. The tests administered during the pretest measured cardiorespiratory fitness using the Bleep Test and mental toughness using a questionnaire. The results showed that both the TGT and STAD outdoor education models have a statistically significant impact on students' CRF levels (p

This study aimed to determine the intervention of hockey games in improving motor skills and physical fitness in adolescents. The research method used in this study was an experiment involving a control group. This research uses a pre-test-post-test randomized control group design, with a total sampling of 30 adolescents divided into 2 groups, namely the experimental group and the control group, each comprising 15 people. The determination of group division is divided randomly, and all subjects involved are used. Instruments used Children's Psychomotricity and Aptitude Scales (MSCA, USA). Physical fitness using physical fitness test instruments, which have been adjusted to the characteristics of the research subjects. The results showed that the intervention for 12 weeks in indoor hockey activity, intervention, and gross motor intervention showed a significance value of 0.034. Because the significance value < 0.05, Ho was rejected, compared to the results of participants in the study who were given an independent intervention program. The physical fitness data shows that the pre-test standard deviation is 1.30440 compared to the post-test 1.61211, this means that there is an increase in adolescent physical fitness. Thus, indoor hockey intervention has a significant influence on the physical fitness of adolescents. These findings prove that interventions in the form of physically engaging activities focusing on floor hockey sports may be a viable option for improving Motor Proficiency and Physical Fitness in Adolescents.

Sports education students often complain that factory-made takraw ball materials are difficult to use and cause foot pain. This study aims to determine the development of takraw ball learning media to determine its convenience level. The subjects of this research were MAB POR UNISKA students in regular class B 2020, and the data collection instrument used was a questionnaire given to material experts, media experts, and Sepak takraw course lecturers to test the quality of rubber rattan takraw balls. The development of the takraw ball was carried out and adapted from the research and development (R&D) method, which consists of several stages following the steps of Bord and Gall, including identification of potential and problems, data collection, a simple takraw ball product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, and final product revision. The results of the assessment of simple takraw balls in Sepak takraw learning include: the material expert assessment gives a final average score of 96.3 with very interesting criteria, the media expert gives a final average score of 80.6 with very interesting criteria, and the course instructor gives a score of 90.83 with extremely good criteria. The product trial results showed an average final score of extremely good attractiveness.

Abstract Ocimum aristatum, commonly known as O. stamineus, has been widely studied for its potential as an herbal medicine candidate. This research aims to compare the efficacy of water and 100% ethanolic extracts of O. stamineus as α-glucosidase inhibitors and antioxidants, as well as toxicity against zebrafish embryos. Based on the study findings, water extract of O. stamineus leaves exhibited superior inhibition activity against α-glucosidase, ABTS, and DPPH, with IC50 values of approximately 43.623 ± 0.039 µg/mL, 27.556 ± 0.125 µg/mL, and 95.047 ± 1.587 µg/mL, respectively. The major active compounds identified in the extract include fatty acid groups and their derivates such as linoleic acid, α-eleostearic acid, stearic acid, oleanolic acid, and corchorifatty acid F. Phenolic groups such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde, norfenefrine, caftaric acid, and 2-hydroxyphenylalanine and flavonoids and their derivates including 5,7-Dihydroxychromone, 5,7-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4H-chromen-4-one, eupatorin, and others were also identified in the extract. Carboxylic acid groups and triterpenoids such as azelaic acid and asiatic acid were also present. This study found that the water extract of O. stamineus is non-toxic to zebrafish embryos and does not affect the development of zebrafish larvae at concentrations lower than 500 µg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of the water extract of O. stamineus as a valuable herbal medicine candidate, particularly for its potent α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant properties, and affirm its safety in zebrafish embryos at tested concentrations.

Outdoor education is an activity outside the school which is an activity outside the classroom. Such as playing in the school environment, parks, camping, and others. However, outdoor education does not just move lessons out of the classroom, but is carried out by inviting students to unite with nature and carry out activities that lead to the realization of changes in students' behavior towards the surrounding environment through the stages of awareness, understanding, responsibility, and behavior. The purpose of this study was to be able to examine the effect of outdoor education on the physical activity of students in elementary schools. The writing of this scientific article uses the literature review research method which originally came from 581 literature sources and then reviewed into 16 literature taken from two databases (Google Scholar and PubMed) which show physical activity and outdoor education. The results showed that every student with high physical activity had a good level of fitness. Students who do a lot of physical activity will get better physical fitness. It can be concluded that both learning activities outside the classroom have a significant positive impact, with learning outside the classroom focusing on academic development and a holistic learning experience, while physical activity focuses on physical health and individual well being.

This research produces a learning model for table tennis forehand drive strokes for upper elementary school students and tests the effectiveness of an application-based table tennis forehand stroke skill model for upper elementary school students. The research approach and method for this table tennis Forehand drive stroke skill learning model uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) research and development model. The subjects involved in this research were 34. The subjects of this research were upper elementary school students. The data analysis technique was created by conducting a pretest and posttest using a forehand drive stroke skill movement instrument. The results are analyzed, the point is to find out whether there is a percentage increase in skills through the learning model given to students. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there was an increase in the ability of table tennis forehand drive strokes for elementary school IV students after implementing the forehand drive movement learning model. The results obtained were 6.41% pre-test and 8.65% post-test.

The motivation for this study stems from the observation that the culture and ability of tertiary students to write scientific articles are at a low level. This study aims to describe the profile of students’ scientific writing abilities. A descriptive method was used to gather data from five tertiary institutions in West Java. This study used a qualitative approach. The samples included 5 lecturers and 211 students. Data were collected using student needs questionnaires, interviews with lecturers, and analysis of student scientific articles. Data collection techniques included questionnaires and interviews and were analyzed using descriptive data analysis. The findings indicate that students’ ability to write scientific articles falls within the sufficient category. Despite this reality, the questionnaire results reveal that students still encounter difficulties in writing scientific articles and require a learning model that makes the process easier and helps to overcome problems in writing. The analysis of interviews with lecturers of scientific writing courses suggests that students’ ability to write scientific papers is adequate. Lecturers have implemented various learning methods during lectures because not all students like writing scientific articles. Moreover, most students are still confused about writing scientific articles correctly, and their motivation to read is low.

In this research, the production of carbon fiber composite (CFC) with epoxy resin was carried out for biomedical application. The surface of the carbon fibers was previously oxidized with concentrated nitric acid at a temperature of 100 °C for 30–120 min to create a rough surface impression on the carbon fibers to enhance interfacial bonding in the composite, increase surface area, and reduce surface tension. The carbon fiber/epoxy composite was fabricated using the vacuum assisted resin infusion method. Characterization of the oxidized carbon fibers and the composite products was performed using a digital microscope, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. FTIR analysis results indicated that the carbon fiber oxidation process introduced new chemical functional groups, such as –CN and –CO groups. Mechanical characterizations included tensile testing of non-oxidized and oxidized carbon fiber and tensile testing of carbon fiber/epoxy composite. The results showed that the composite formed from oxidized carbon fibers/epoxy resin exhibited higher tensile strength compared to non-oxidized CFC. The longer the carbon fiber oxidation process, the higher the tensile strength values obtained.

Pengabdian Masyarakat Kepada guru pendidikan jasmani ini bertujuan untuk melatih guru-guru pendidikan jasmani Kecamatan Conggeang Provinsi Jawa Barat membuat Program outdoor education. Tempat penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Conggeang Provinsi Jawa Barat. Waktu pelaksanaan kegiatan dimulai Bulan April sampai dengan Oktober 2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam menjalankan program pengabdian masyarakat kepada guru pendidikan jasmani ini adalah: diskusi informasi, demonstrasi, pembimbingan, latihan, dan praktek langsung. Berdasarkan pengamatan dan pelaksanaan Pelatihan Pembuatan Program outdoor education untuk Guru-Guru Pendidikan Jasmani di Desa Conggeang Kulon dan Desa Conggeang Wetan Kecamatan Conggeang Kabupaten Sumedang Provinsi Jawa Barat ini serta diskusi dengan para guru-guru pendidikan jasmani tersebut, mereka merasa sangat antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan ini serta mendapatkan informasi dan manfaat yang sangat banyak terutama dalam hal pemahaman program outdoor education. guru- guru merasa bertambahnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam hal pemahaman Pembuatan program outdoor Education. Pihak pengurus KKGO dan MGMP Pendidikan Jasmani Kecamatan Conggeang Kabupaten Sumedang mengharapkan adanya kegiatan secara periodik mengenai pembinaan untuk Guru-guru pendidikan jasmani.

Introduction. Techniques kick is most often used in competition and in the game self-defense more than 90% points scored by the kick competition that kicks effectivenessdepending on various factors, such as the maximum strength of the muscles involved in the level of development of strength, coordination neoromuscular, the linear velocity and the angle of the ankle when kicking leg and improve coordination between agonists and antagonists. develop a model exercise kick sickle-based media practice, because the model through the medium of exercise is a model of long-term and continuous change constantly, because this type of training will develop with regard to the development of athletes in accordance with the specifications of the branch sport, and System and method of exercise is getting day also thanks to the support of increasingly sophisticated equipment, facilities and infrastructure that is more modern.Objective of the study. This study aims to determine whether the basic Technicalskills learning model based media workout sickle kick effectively improve the skills and abilities of the sickle kick pencak silat sport student athletes.Research methods. Studies that use mixed methods research approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods.Research Quantitative used to find the effectiveness of the True-Experimental research design shaped the pretest-posttest control group design.Research result. Initial tests ability sicklekick right and left of 6.944, 6.39. 65.22 skill being right, and left 71.26. after being given treatment ability right sicklekick 8.70 and 8.04 left. Skills right 62.48, 68.66 to the left.Conclusion.Based on the results of data from field trials and discussions can be concluded that this type of training with exercise effective media to enhance the capabilities and skills of the sickle kick sports pencak silat students.

This study aims to develop learning of physical activity using traditional Ballinese in junior high schools, Buleleng Regency. Students can learn physical materials without feeling bored and tired. This study refer to research and development model by Borg and Gall. From the research and development, as well as the proposed procedures, the resulting product is a physical fitness learning model based on traditional Balinese games in junior high schools that consist of 30 traditional Balinese games. Product development begun with expert studies, field tests in small and large test groups and. Effectiveness tests. From the large-group test results, the model developed can be applied by students properly. In the effectiveness test, the mean of the control group was 364.08, while the mean of the experimental group was 350.00 that show the difference between the results of the experimental group and the control group. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the experimental group given the treatment and the control group. Product development can be ,improved significantly on the physical activity and attitude or affective student. Based on the results of the research, the product model of learning physical fitness activities based on traditional Balinese games can be recommended and can be effective as a learning model of physical fitness activities in junior high schools.

The purpose of research and development of pencak silat calisthenics training model for adolescents uses research method of Research & Development (R & D) from Borg and Gall. The subjects in this research and development are teenage athletes PPLP Riau Province, University of Pencak Silat Walet Puti Riau Province, University of Pencak Silat Tapak Suci Pekanbaru and Pencak Silat University of Kumango Riau Province. The test of model effectiveness uses test instrument to collect data of pencak silat athlete abilities. Analysis of research data uses the test of independent samples t-test with significance level of 0.05. Data analysis is obtained the average value of speed endurance training given the model of pencak silat calisthenics exercises in the experimental group is 478.94 and there are differences in results with the control group by the treatment with the common practice 431,23 test of difference significance with SPSS 17 gained result of t-count 2,396, df = 60 and p-value = 0.020 < 0.05. Based on the information, it can be concluded that the model of pencak silat calisthenics training for pencak silat athletes uses hand attacks developed and can be applied effectively and efficiently so it can improve the ability of pencak silat athletes.

Athlete’s knowledge level (IQ) is needed to increase smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw. Besides, physical conditions which consist of power, flexibility and coordination, are also determined athlete’s accomplishment in learning smash technique in sepak takraw. The study purpose. The aim of this research was to discover the direct influence between knowledge level (IQ) and physical conditions (power, flexibility and coordination) on smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw. Materials and Methods. The method used in this research was quantitative. Path analysis was conducted to analyze the result. As many as 50 athletes of sepak takraw from capital city of Jakarta were taken as population. Those athletes were also taken as sample by using total sampling. The sample was the athletes who joined the regional and national championship. Results. Based on the research it was obtained: 1) knowledge level (IQ) affects smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw directly as many as 0.982; 2) physical conditions (power, flexibility and coordination) affect smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw directly as many as 0.845; and 3) overall, knowledge level (IQ) and physical condition (power, flexibility and coordination) affect smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw directly as many as 0.703. Conclusion. Therefore, it could be concluded that knowledge level (IQ) and physical conditions (power, flexibility and coordination) affect smash technique learning skill in sepak takraw on the athletes of capital city of Jakarta.

Artonin E was isolated from the root bark of A. rigida. The isolated compound was then esterified using a known procedure by the addition of acetic anhydride with pyridine catalyst. The structure of the synthesized compound was carefully determined by physical and spectroscopic techniques and compared to the data in the literature. The anticancer activity test against murine leukemia cancer cells P-388 showed that the ester compound has good activity with an IC50 of 2.79 μg/mL and much better stability during storage compared to Artonin E itself.

Stabilized zirconia is a promising material due to its great physical and chemical properties, and thermal stability. In this work, MgO was used as a stabilizer in ZrO2 to obtain Magnesia Partially Stabilized Zirconia (MSZ) nanomaterials assisted with PEG as a template through conventional mixing process. Zirconium hydroxides prepared from local zircon and MgCO3 were used as MSZ precursors. Meanwhile, the stabilizer concentration was varied from 1 to 4 wt% of ZrO2. The effect of the stabilizer concentration and the calcination temperature to the crystallinity and the morphological properties of the MSZ nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ZrO2 content in the zirconium hydroxides precursors is accounting 89.52 wt% of the total and exhibits the dominant m-phase at 1000 °C. Meanwhile, the tetragonal and the monoclinic phases were formed in all MSZ samples at a temperature of 800–1000 °C. The as-synthesized MSZ samples show typical FT-IR spectra, consisting of the metal–oxygen bonds at below 500 cm−1 and the organic functional groups ranging at 1000–3000 cm−1. The ZrO2 morphologies exhibit spherical-like shapes with elongated agglomeration at 800 °C. In addition, the average particle sizes of the final product ranges from 20 to 50 nm. At a sintering temperature of 1500 °C, MSZ samples show the monoclinic phase of ZrO2 and densities in the range of 3.95–4.14 g/cm3.

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the Chief Editor. The reason for the withdrawal is because this article was also published in the Prosiding Seminar dan Lokakarya Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Link: (http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/prosidingfik/article/view/10714). The condition for submitting a work for publication is that the author explicitly states that all of his works are original and have not appeared in publications elsewhere. We apologize to journal readers that this was not detected during the delivery process.

Gambling can be a barrier to national development that more material-spiritual, because gambling is educating people to earn a living by not only natural and formed the character of "Slacker". Very reasoned if then gambling should immediately look for ways and solutions that are rational for solving them.This study uses qualitative methods with the Juridical Sociological approach. In an attempt to obtain the data needed to draw up this writing, descriptive research types will be used. The source of the data required in the research of this thesis is the primary data and secondary data.The policy of prosecution by the Prosecutor General (JPU) against the crime of gambling in the State, based on the guidelines of the Banyumas on the Attorney General's circular letter number: SE-013/A/JA/12/2011 29 December 2011, dandalam implementation to determine light criminal charges made in a hierarchical (plan Demands).

Formulation and in vitro study of propranolol hydrochloride controlled release from carboxymethyl chitosan-based matrix tablets have been conducted. Formulations with various concentrations of carboxymethyl chitosan 2% (F1), 4% (F2), 6% (F3) were done by wet granulation method. Compatibility test was conducted by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy to determine interaction between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipients. Dissolution profiles was obtained through in vitro tests release using simulated gastric fluid (without enzymes, pH 1.2) for the first 2 h and followed by simulated intestinal fluid (phosphate buffer solution without enzyme, pH 7.2) for 2 h remaining. The dissolution profile of each formulation was fitted with five kinetics modeling of drug release (zero order, first order, Higuchi, Peppas-Korsmeyer, and Hixson-Crowell). The compatibility test results showed that formulation caused physical interactions between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipient but doesn't make crystallinity nature of propranolol hydrochloride disturbed even after formulation. Dissolution profiles of each formulation showed that controlled release of propranolol hydrochloride from the tablet followed Peppas-Korsmeyer model. It is concluded that carboxymethyl chitosan in appropriate proportions is suitable for formulating propranolol hydrochloride controlled release tablets which exhibit Peppas-Korsmeyer release kinetics.

Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methoxy-4,6-di(prop-1-enyl) phenol from eugenol have been investigated. Synthesis was conducted through three stages of reaction. The first step was CTAB micellar catalytic O-allylation reaction at room temperature, to give 4-allyl-1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene (2). Compound (2) was subsequently heated for Claisen rearrangement and produced 2,4-diallyl-6- methoxyphenol (3). The final steps was isomerization of compound (3) in alkaline conditions in ethylene glycol, to yield 2-methoxy-4,6-di(prop-1-enyl) phenol (4). Antioxidant activity test was conducted by TBARS and DPPH methods. TBARS test showed that the compound (4) at a concentration of 50 μM could inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid shown by the increasing of time lag phase (96 ± 2.94 min), reducing the rate of propagation (± 54.54%) and reducing of malonal dialdehyde (MDA) formation (68.04 ± 0.84%). The DPPH test revealed that compound (4) indicated DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC50 107.66 μM and comparable with IC50 for BHT 107.37 μM.

Generally production of chitosan from crustacean shells consists of 4 steps, i.e. deproteinization, demineralization, decolorization and deacetylation. Simplification of chitosan production by elimination of deproteinization and/or demineralization, or reducing of reaction time would give many advantages, e.g. reduction of processing time and cost production due to reduction of chemical and power usage. The objectives of this research were to prepare chitosan under various processing times and to characterize the obtained chitin and chitosan. Chitin was prepared under various deproteinization times (0, 15, 30 min at 90 ºC using NaOH 2N) and demineralization times (0, 15, 30 min at ambient temperature using HCl 2N). Chitin was then bleached using aceton/etanol (1:1) for an hour. Deacetylation was achieved by treatment of chitin under condition at 120 ºC for 5 hr using NaOH 50%. Ash and nitrogen content, and degree of deacetylation of chitosan were evaluated. Demineralization and/or deproteinization times influenced the quality of chitin. Chitin and chitosan prepared without demineralization had white and chalky appearance, whereas the other chitosan were off-white in color. Ash and nitrogen contents of the chitosan products were 0.18 - 32.40% and 3.56 - 7.59%, respectively. Chitosan prepared under various processing times, except chitosan without demineralization treatment, had degree of deacetylation ≥ 70%. Keywords: chitosan, deproteinization, demineralization, deacetylation, processing times

Hibiscus radiatus Cuv calyces extracts rich in polyphenols was screened for their potential to inhibit oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C) in vitro. The inhibition of LDL-C oxidation (antioxidant activity) was determined by measuring the formation of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reagent substances (TBARS). LDL-C oxidation was carried out in the presence of H. radiatus Cuv calyces extract (20 and 50 μM). CuSO4 (10 μM) was used as the oxidation initiator and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 50 μM was used as standard antioxidant. The protective effect of H. radiatus Cuv. calyces extract toward human low-density lipoproteins, complex lipid system was demonstrated by significant increase lag time (> 103 min), diminished of the propagation rate (44 %), and diminution of conjugated dienes formation 59.42 % (50 μM) compared to control. Keywords: antioxidant, conjugated dienes, Hibiscus radiatus Cuv, low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol

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