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The use of virtual reality in nursing student training for intravenous catheterization and fluid delivery was investigated.In this experimental study, 29 students were part of the experimental group while 27 were in the control group. The application was presented to the experimental group using virtual reality technology and to the control group using an intravenous injection arm model.A statistically significant difference was found between the Intravenous Catheter Application and Fluid Delivery Skills Checklist scores of the students in the experimental and control groups. According to the Bondy Evaluation Scale, there was a statistically significant difference between the students who were at the "supervised" level in the experimental and control groups.Virtual reality technology was found effective as a teaching method in the development of intravenous catheter application and fluid delivery skills. An increase in its use in nursing training is recommended

Respiratory distress is a significant contributor to newborn morbidity and mortality. An association between infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been well recognized for decades. As obesity and diabetes prevalence have increased over the past several decades, more women are overweight and diabetic in the first trimester, and many more pregnant women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Glycemic control during pregnancy can be challenging due to the maternal need for higher caloric intake and higher insulin resistance. Surfactant is a complex molecule at the alveolar air–liquid interface that reduces surface tension. Impaired surfactant synthesis is the primary etiology of RDS. In vitro cell line studies, in vivo animal studies with diabetic rat offspring, and clinical studies suggest hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia can disrupt surfactant lipid and protein synthesis, causing delayed maturation in surfactant in IDMs. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for surfactant dysfunction in IDMs may improve clinical strategies to prevent diabetes-related complications and improve neonatal outcomes.

Polysaccharides are present in all life forms and display multifarious biochemical structures. They are important natural products, present in microorganisms, animals and plants and exhibit various biological functions. Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are synthesized by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes and they mostly provide cell adhesion and protection against negative environmental conditions. In comparison to other natural sources, microbial EPSs usually have considerably shorter production times and their extraction is quite simple. These polysaccharides present a wide variety of structures and physicochemical properties, allowing the possibility to apply them in areas ranging from use as rheology modifiers of food systems to therapeutic agents. Microbial EPSs have various applications in cosmetic, food, and textile industries and they have been used widely in diverse fields of the food industry to enhance the quality of the product. Moreover, they have an important role in health through antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering effects, antiviral activities and prebiotic properties. This review focuses on bioactive characteristics, applications and resources of exopolysaccharides produced by microorganisms.

This paper presents the results of a survey carried out in 68 dairies in southern Italy on the manufacturing processes of traditional Italian Caciocavallo cheese varieties. Following a study of the relevant literature, the various cheesemaking processes were analysed and the implications of different cheesemaking procedures were explored. The manufacturing variations able to influence the organoleptic characteristics of Caciocavallo cheese were milk and rennet types, procedures for curd acidification and stretching, salting and ripening conditions, and smoking treatment. This survey is designed to guide producers and consumers alike with respect to the perceivable effects of manufacturing variants on cheese quality.

Amaç: Preimplantasyon Genetik Tanı (PGT)’da tek gen hastalıkları taraması ile kombine HLA doku tiplemesi tayini Talasemi Majör gibi yaşamı tehdit eden ve kordon kanı ve /veya kemik iliği nakli ile tam olarak tedavi edilebilen genetik hastalıklara sahip çocuklar için etkin bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi Genetik Tanı Merkezi Preimplantasyon Genetik Tanı Laboratuvarında 2014-2017 Mayıs döneminde çalışılan vakaların verileri sunulmuştur. Gereç ve Yöntem: Laboratuvarımıza Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Kadın Hastalıkları Tüp Bebek Merkezinden gelen 6-8 blastomer aşamasındaki 3. Gün embriyolarından alınan biyopsi örneklerinde preimplantasyon genetik tanı uygulamaları yapılan 91 vakanın genetik analiz sonuçları, mutasyon tipleri, implantasyon ve gebelik başarısı ile canlı doğum oranları değerlendirildi. Biyopsi örneklerine uygulanan lisis işleminin ardından REPLI-g Advanced DNA Single Cell Kit (Qiagen, USA) ile Whole Genom Amplification (Biorad T100, USA) gerçekleştirildikten sonra mutasyonu taşıyan DNA fragmentlerinin ve HBB geni ile ilişkili 11 markırın belirlenebilir seviyeye kadar multiplex Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) ile çoğaltılması yapıldı. Amplifikasyondan sonra DNA, normal DNA fragmentlerini mutasyonu taşıyan fragmentlerden ayırt etmeye olanak sağlayan mini-sekanslama tekniği ile kapiller elektroforez kullanılarak analiz edildi. Seçilmiş Linked Markerlar (STR: Short Tandem Repeat/ Kısa tekrar dizileri) mutasyonun tanısı için bir destek oluşturma ve bazı DNA kontaminasyonlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla kullanıldı. HLA tipleme analizlerinde uyumlu HLA genotiplerinin belirlenmesi için HLA kompleksi ile ilişkilendirilen 32 markır, multipleks PZR ile çalışılarak DNA fragmentleri kapiller elektroforez kullanılarak analiz edildi Bulgular: 86 vaka Beta Talasemi (HBB geni) , bir vaka Orak Hücreli Anemi (HBB geni), bir vaka Blackfan Diamond Anemisi (RPS19 geni), bir vaka akut lenfoblastik lösemi, bir vaka Ağır Konjental Nötropeni (HAX1 geni) ve bir vaka Fankoni Aplastik Anemisi (FANCA geni) olmak üzere toplamda 91 vaka çalışıldı. Toplam çalışılan blastomer sayısı 328, transferi yapılan vaka sayısı 41, gebelik gerçekleşen vaka sayısı 12, gerçekleşen canlı doğum sayısı 8 ve kemik iliği nakil işlemi yapılan vaka sayısı 6 olarak saptandı. Canlı doğumların tümünde gerçekleştirilen ikinci genetik analizde sağlıklı/taşıyıcı gen ve HLA tipinde hasta kardeş ile tam uyum görüldü. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız kemik iliği nakli ile tam kür sağlanan genetik hastalıkların tedavisinde ailede sağlıklı ve HA uyumlu çocuk varlığının önemi açısından anlamlıdır. Diğer preimplantasyon genetik test uygulanan hastalıklarla karşılaştırıldığında transfer edilebilir blastomer bulma oranın düşük olduğu görülmüş ve bunun nedeninin blastomerde iki farklı genetik seçilim yapılması gerekliğinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmüştür.

Ağır metallerin çoğu hayatsal fonksiyonlar için gereksiz olup belirli bir konsantrasyonda insan vücuduna zarar verebilir. Çevre kirliliği nedeniyle; göl, okyanus ve toprakta artış gösteren ağır metaller insanlık için ciddi riskler getirmektedir. Bu nedenle, çevresel örneklerin ağır metal içeriğinin belirlenmesi için yeni ve hassas yöntemler geliştirmek gerekli ve önemlidir.Bu çalışmada, Yüksek Çözünürlüklü Sürekli Işın Kaynaklı Alevli Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometresi (HR CS- FAAS) kullanılarak meyve suları ve termomineral sularda eser miktarda kurşun, bakır ve nikel miktarının belirlenmesi için yeni bir katı faz ekstraksiyon (SPE) yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, asma dalından (ACVS) elde edilen bir aktif karbon, adsorban olarak kullanılmıştır. Kolon tekniği ayırma ve zenginleştirme işleminde uygulanmıştır. En uygun koşulları belirlemek için; örnek çözeltinin pH'ı, geri kazanım çözeltisinin türü ve konsantrasyonu, örnek çözeltinin ve geri kazanım çözeltisinin akış hızı, örnek çözeltinin hacmi ve yabancı iyonların analit iyonlarının geri kazanım verimine etkisi incelendi.ACVS içeren kolonda, kurşun, bakır ve nikel için tespit sınırları (LOD) 0,36, 0,69 ve 0,28 µg L-1, zenginleştirme faktörü 60 olarak belirlendi. Yöntemin doğruluğu bilinen miktarda analit iyonlarının gerçek örneklere ilave edilmesiyle yapılan geri kazanma çalışmalarıyla kontrol edildi. Geliştirilen metot, çeşitli meyve sularına ve termomineral su örneklerine başarıyla uygulandı.Aralık 2019 – xiii+ 55 SayfaAnahtar Kelimeler: Meyve Suyu, Termomineral Sular, Aktif Karbon, Alevli Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometri, Ağır metaller Most heavy metals are unnecessary for life functions and all heavy metals above a given concentration can damage the human body. Due to environmental pollution, heavy metals entering increasing amounts of lakes, oceans and soil bring serious risks to humanity. Therefore, it is necessary and important to develop new and sensitive methods for the determination of the heavy metal content of environmental, biological and food samples.In the present study, a new solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the determination of trace amount of lead, copper and nickel in fruit juices and thermomineral waters by using High-Resolution Continuum Source Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HR CS- FAAS ). In the study, an activated carbon obtained from the vine shoots (ACVS) was used as adsorbents. The column technique has been applied in the seperation and enrichment process. In order to determine the most favorable conditions; the pH of the sample solution, the type and concentration of the recovery solution, the flow rate of the sample solution and the recovery solution, the volume of the sample solution, the effect of foreign ions on the yield of recovery of analyte ions was investigated.In the column containing ACVS, for the lead, copper and nickel the detection limits (LOD) 0.36, 0.69 and 0.28 µg L-1, the enrichment factor 60. The accuracy of the method was checked by recovering of the known amount analyte ions added to the actual sample. The developed method has been successfully applied to a variety of fruit juices and thermomineral water samples.December 2019- xiii+ 55 PagesKeywords: Fruit Juice, Thermoimineral Waters, Activated Carbon, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Heavy metals 68

The purpose of this study is to reveal pre-service mathematics teachers’ views about the use of Edmodo social networking site in Mathematics Curriculum class. For this purpose, Edmodo platform was used in the spring semester of 2017-2018 academic year. 42 pre-service mathematics teachers (F=22, M=20) used the platform and were asked for their views about this experience. A case study was used in this study. Based on the descriptive analysis results, pre-service teachers think that Edmodo provides accessibility and ease of communication, increases interest and class participation. It helps creating a positive class atmosphere, makes class fun, provides technology experience in education and helpful with feedback. They recommend Edmodo should be used in other classes as well. Especially, pre-service teachers, who preferred using Edmodo on mobile devices, reported some problems with the platform: the language of the site was English and homework notifications did not come regularly., Bu çalışmanın amacı eğitsel bir sosyal paylaşım platformu olan Edmodo’nun Matematik Öğretim Programı dersi kapsamında kullanımı ile ilgili öğretmen adaylarının görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda bir devlet üniversitesinde 2017-2018 Eğitim-Öğretim yılı bahar döneminde 42 öğretmen adayı (K= 22, E=20) ders kapsamında Edmodo platformunu dönem boyunca kullanmış ve dönem sonunda bu platform ile ilgili görüşleri sorulmuştur. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Betimsel analiz ile belirlenen bulgulara göre öğretmen adaylarına göre bu ortam erişim kolaylığı sağlayan, derse katılımı ve ilgiyi arttıran, iletişim kolaylığı ve zaman tasarrufu sağlayan, dersi eğlenceli hale getiren, geri dönüt alarak bilgilerini kontrol edebilme imkânı sağlayan ve eğitimde teknoloji deneyimi yaşatan olumlu bir atmosfere sahiptir. Dolayısıyla öğretmen adayları Edmodo’nun kullanımının diğer dersler için de yaygınlaştırılması gerektiği görüşündedir. Özellikle Edmodo’nun mobil uygulamasını kullanmayı tercih eden öğretmen adayları, uygulama dilinin İngilizce olması ve bildirim gelmemesi nedeniyle ödevleri geç fark etmelerini sorun olarak bildirmişlerdir.

This study reports the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and ethanol extract of Coriandrum sativum L. leaves. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis identified 19 compounds representing 95.30% of the oil. (E)-2-decenal (29.87%), linalool (21.61%), (E)-2-dodecenal (7.03%), dodecanal (5.78%), (E)-2-undecenal (3.84%), (E)-2-tridecenal (3.56%), (E)-2-hexadecenal (2.47%), tetradecenal (2.35%), and α-pinene (1.64%) were the main components identified in the essential oil. The samples were screened for their antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and β-caroten bleaching assay. IC50 value for ethanol extract of C. sativum was determined as 74.87 ± 0.03 μg/mL. Total antioxidant activity value for C. sativum ethanol extract was 85.85 ± 0.04%. Total phenolic content for ethanol extract of the plant was determined as 14.97 ± 0.05 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight. The essential oil and ethanol extract were also tested...

Akbulut, Mustafa/0000-0003-1028-162X; Yildiz, Hilal/0000-0002-7966-455X WOS: 000338930500013 Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis) is naturally growing in black sea region in Turkey and the trees has not been spraying with pesticides. in natural growing conditions, all cherry laurel genotypes particularly fruits are seems resistant against pests. Astringent nature of fruits forms a barrier for pests. A total twelve cherry laurel accessions were harvested at full maturation time from various sites in of district located in eastern black sea region in Turkey. Fruits were analyzed for their total phenolic (TP), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), total carotenoid (TC), Vitamin C and for their antioxidant capacity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in fruit flesh extract. Variability among accessions was greatest for total phenol (TP) and total anthocyanins content ranged from 154 to 213 mg GAE per 100 g and 397 to 519 mg per 100 g. the results indicated that cherry laurel fruits are superior and unique in terms of bioactive content in particular compared to bioactive rich fruit species.

This study investigated the effect of adding sour cherry pulp into yoghurt on its physicochemical properties, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and sensory characteristics. Sour cherry pulp was added at 0%, 8%, 12% and 16% into the yoghurt, and measures were checked through 14 days cold storage. The increasing sour cherry pulp concentration in yoghurt resulted in increasing pH and whey separation, whereas the values of the other parameters, total solid, fat, protein, ash, titratable acidity and viscosity decreased. During storage, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in yoghurts ranged from 20 to 81 lg gallic acid equivalent per mg of sample and from 48% to 86%, respectively.

Three native Turkish medicinal and aromatic plants (Artemisia absinthum, Artemisia santonicum and Saponaria officinalis) were investigated to analyze their antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and antimicrobial activity. Their total antioxidant activity was determined by using a β-carotene bleaching assay and their antimicrobial activity was determined by utilizing an agar disc diffusion assay. Methanol extracts of the three species analyzed showed high antioxidant activity and among them Artemisia absinthum possessed the highest quantity (71.78%). The total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay) was shown to be between 6.57 μgGAE/mg dry weight basis (Saponaria officinalis) and 8.86 μgGAE/mg dry weight basis (Artemisia absinthum). There was a positive correlation (R = 0.819) between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity measured in the plant samples. The aqueous and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of the species showed antibacterial activities against a number of microorganisms. The methanol extracts were found to inhibit the growth of microorganisms more than the aqueous extracts. These findings suggest that the methanol extracts of the plants tested contain compounds with antimicrobial properties. These exhibited properties propose that such plant extracts can possibly be used as natural preservatives in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

In this study, Kome with walnuts were investigated for aflatoxin production. One part of stringed walnuts was inoculated at 104 spores/g with the Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 strain, and the other as control group was not inoculated. The Kome samples were stored at 20 ± 1C at 85 ± 2% and 95 ± 2% relative humidity for 45 days. All the samples were subjected to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and total aflatoxin analysis in certain time intervals (1, 4, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the amounts of aflatoxins. At 85 ± 2% and 95 ± 2% relative humidity, the detected amounts of aflatoxins were 616.15 ng/kg AFB1 and 1747.16 ng/kg aflatoxin total, and 732.98 ng/kg AFB1 and 2039.02 ng/kg total at the end of 45 days, respectively. The findings of this research indicated that aflatoxin formation in Kome is dependent on the storage conditions, such as mold contamination, and relative humidity. Aflatoxin production was found in high levels at the 95 ± 2% relative humidity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study contributes to a better understanding of the effect on aflatoxin production of factors such as relative humidity and mold contamination. This approach is useful for determining storage conditions that would prevent aflatoxin formation.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease which affects the musculoskeletal system; however, its association with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has been reported only rarely. In our study, we tried to determine the prevalence of CTS in our consecutive sarcoidosis patients based on their symptoms and nerve conduction study (NCS). Fiftysix patients (mean age: 45.2) who were followed up with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis at our center and who gave informed consent for NCS were included into the study. The patients were questionned for the presence of hand symptoms: paresthesia, pain, nocturnal paresthesia and/or pain, and, they underwent NCS. Ten (17.9 %) patients had recurrent paresthesia, 12 (21.4 %) had pain, and 8 (14.3 %) had nocturnal paresthesia and/or pain. The results of NCS showed that 41 % of the patients had findings compatible with CTS. Extrapulmonary involvement was significantly more frequent in these patients when compared to patients without CTS (p=0.04). Also, patients with CTS were older than the others and CTS-associated symptoms were more frequent in them although this was not significant (p>0.05). In this study, by performing NCS we detected quite a high prevalence of CTS in our sarcoidosis patients. The fact that most of the patients were asymptomatic was interesting.

Malzeme, tasarımda dikkate alınması gereken başlıca faktörlerden birisidir. Temel malzeme olarak kumaşın kullanıldığı ürün tasarımlarında ise kumaş önemli birdeğişkendir. Bunun yanında hedef kitlenin özelliği, işlev, günün modası, üretim şartları, maliyet gibi birçok etken birbiriyle bağlantılıdır. Kumaş seçimi tasarımın başarısında önemli rol oynar. Hatta çoğu zaman tasarıma hakim unsur olarak öne çıkar. Temel malzemesi kumaş olan tasarımcının farklı kumaş çeşitleri, yapısal özellikleri, kullanım performansları, pazar ve fiyat durumu hakkında bilgi birikimine sahip olması gerekir. Bu bağlamda bildiride tasarımı etkileyen faktörler açıklanarak temel malzeme olan kumaşlara ilişkin bilgi verilmiştir. Doğru kumaş seçiminin tasarımcının başarısına ve başarının sürekliliğine etkisi örneklerle tartışılmıştır

pastoris. In this study four secretion signal sequences were evaluated for extracellular production of Aspergillus niger xylanase (XylB) in Pichia pastoris. These sequences were namely; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?-mating factor (?-MF), Human Serum Albumin (HSA), P. pastoris Acid Phosphatase (PHO1) and P. pastoris Protein with Internal Repeats (PIR1) secretion signals. The codon optimized XylB gene fused to secretion sequences was expressed under the AOX1 promoter of P. pastoris in KM71H strain. Xylanase enzyme activities for single-copy clones with ?-MF, HSA, PHO1 and PIR1 as secretion sequence were 170, 123, 139 and 250. U/mL, respectively, after 48. h induction period. P. pastoris PIR1 leader sequence resulted highest xylanase enzyme activity at shake-flask scale among the tested secretion signal sequences. The xylanase was purified with a single step Ni-NTA purification method. The optimum temperature and pH for recombinant xylanase was 40-50. °C and pH 5, respectively. Additionally, xylanase activity in purified enzyme was stable over a wide pH range (pH 3-7) and temperature of up to 50. °C. Specific activity of purified xylanase was 13,271. U/mg. © 2014 Elsevier B.V., Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit: 2013.02.0121.018, This project was supported by Akdeniz University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with project number 2013.02.0121.018.

The aim of this study to investigate the effect of different cooking methods (boiling, steaming, stir-frying, and microwaving) on the total polyphenolic content and total antioxidant activity of selected vegetables (beet, red cabbage, broccoli, white cabbage, black radish, kale, turnip, and red radish) from Turkey. A wide variation on total phenolic content was observed in raw vegetables, ranging from 44.94 +/- 0.47 (beet, Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) to 350.94 +/- 5.18 (red radish, Raphanus sativus L.) g gallic acid equivalent/mg of sample. Considering uncooked vegetables, the order of total antioxidant activity determined by -carotene bleaching assay was beet > red cabbage > broccoli > white cabbage > black radish > kale > turnip > red radish. In DPPH center dot assay, kale had an exceptionally high antioxidant activity followed by red cabbage, broccoli, turnip, black radish, beet, white cabbage, and red radish. WOS:000326672700002 2-s2.0-84888310576

This study aimed to analyze the agreement between FRAX scores calculated with and without femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) and to investigate the resultant treatment recommendations in women with osteopenia. A cross-sectional review of postmenopausal women who were referred for DXA evaluation was conducted. One hundred twenty-nine postmenopausal women aged 40 years and older with osteopenia [FN T-score between −1 and (−2.5)] were recruited for the study. Absolute agreement between FRAX scores calculated with and without BMD was analyzed by intraclass correlation analysis (ICC). Thresholds recommended by National Osteoporosis Foundation were used for treatment recommendations. Correlation between demographic factors and the difference in BMD+ and BMD− FRAX scores was analyzed by Spearman correlation test. Agreement levels and treatment recommendations were also analyzed in 112/129 patients without previous fracture. Agreement between BMD+ and BMD− MO and hip FRAX scores was good (ICC 0.867) and fair to good (ICC 0.641), respectively. In patients without previous fracture, agreement between MO and hip fracture probabilities was good (ICC = 0.838 and ICC = 0.778, respectively). Treatment recommendations with respect to treatment threshold of ≥3 for hip fracture probabilities were identical in 120/129 (93 %) cases. Difference between BMD+ and BMD− fracture probabilities was correlated with age and FN BMD. In most cases, FRAX without BMD provided the same treatment recommendations as FRAX with BMD in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Exclusion of patients with previous fracture yielded better agreement levels.

Eleven medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) genotypes sampled from Turkey were analyzed for their fruit weight, fruit dimensions, fruit firmness, ostiole diameter, shape index, skin color, moisture (%), ash (%), reducing sugar (%), crude protein (%), pH, soluble solid content (%), vitamin C (mg/100 g), minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn), total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity. A wide variation among genotypes on most of the searched parameters was evident. Fruit weight varied from 11.21 g to 33.24 g indicating high variability among genotypes. Determination of antioxidant activities by β-carotene – linoleic acid and 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays resulted in average 80.8%, and 46.6 μg/ml FW DPPH, respectively. The total phenolic contents of eleven medlar genotypes varied from 114 to 293 mg gallic acid equivalent in 100 g fresh weight basis. The medlar fruits were found to be rich in terms of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron.

Crude extracts from Inula aucherana, Fumaria officinalis, Crocus sativus, Vicum album, Tribulus terestris, Polygonatum multiflorum, Alkanna tinctoria and Taraxacum officinale were screened for their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Total phenolic content of extracts from these plants were also determined. beta-carotene bleaching assay and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were used to determine total antioxidant activity and total phenols of plant extracts. Antimicrobial activity was determined by using disk diffusion assay. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content varied among plants used and Viscum album and Crocus sativus had the highest antioxidant (82.23%) and total phenolic content (42.29 mgGAE/g DW), respectively. The methanol extracts from Vicum album and Alkanna tinctoria showed antimicrobial activity against 9 out of 32 microorganisms, however extract from Inula aucherana showed antimicrobial activity against 15 out of 32 microorganisms. The results provided evidence that the studied plant might indeed be potential sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease which affects the musculoskeletal system; however, its association with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has been reported only rarely. In our study, we tried to determine the prevalence of CTS in our consecutive sarcoidosis patients based on their symptoms and nerve conduction study (NCS). Fifty-six patients (mean age: 45.2) who were followed up with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis at our center and who gave informed consent for NCS were included into the study. The patients were questionned for the presence of hand symptoms: paresthesia, pain, nocturnal paresthesia and/or pain, and, they underwent NCS. Ten (17.9%) patients had recurrent paresthesia, 12 (21.4%) had pain, and 8 (14.3%) had nocturnal paresthesia and/or pain. The results of NCS showed that 41% of the patients had findings compatible with CTS. Extrapulmonary involvement was significantly more frequent in these patients when compared to patients without CTS (p=0.04). Also, patients with CTS were older than the others and CTS-associated symptoms were more frequent in them although this was not significant (p0.05). In this study, by performing NCS we detected quite a high prevalence of CTS in our sarcoidosis patients. The fact that most of the patients were asymptomatic was interesting.

In Northeast part in Turkey, wild grown fruits are abundant and they are widely collected and consumed by rural peoples. In this study, the fruits of seven sea buckthorn genotypes from Northeast in Turkey were sampled and analyzed for their total phenolic content, vitamin C, total anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity. Total phenolic, vitamin C and total anthocyanin content varied from 213 to 262 mg GAE/100g FW ; 28-85 mg/100 g and 3-21 mg/L among genotypes. Antioxidant capacity analyses (in DPPH and β-carotene method) showed that all samples had a high antioxidant (average 94.23% in β-Carotene and 31.23% in DPPH) capacity.